292 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-9164-8026
Mokslinių y imų k yp ys: geoling is ika, dialek ologija,
I 's called sociolinguis ics.
DOI: doi.o g/10.35321/all87-14
REGRESYVINĖ
BALSIŲ ASIMILIACIJA:
NOMENKLATŪRINĖ POŽYMIO
KAITA PLUNGIŠKIŲ POŽIŪRIU
Reg essi e Vowel Assimila ion: Nomencla u al
Change o Fea u e om he Poin o View o
Plungė Residen s
ANOTACIJA
The a icle discusses he main dis inguishing ea u e o he no he n lowland elšiškių and
k e ingiškių pa a mių […] eg essi e assimila ion o he Balsi […] nomencla u e change. The aim
is o de e mine he ex en o which he inhabi an s o Plungė pe cei e eg essi e
assimila ion o he Balsi as a dis inc i e cha ac e is ic o he no he n lowlands, and o
assess he ha m o his cha ac e is ic. I is based on he me hods o dynamic dialec ology
and pe cep ual dialec ology. A e analyzing he commen s o he in o man s on he
eg essi e assimila ion o he whi es and o he ea u es o he No he n Te i o y councils,
i was ound ha he assimila ion o he whi es is a ely e e ed o as a dis inc i e ea u e
o he No he n Te i o y councils. Mos o en his ea u e is no iced, bu i is gi en an
unknown di e en ial meaning. O he di e ences in phone ics, mo phology, and lexicon a e
conside ed mo e impo an and signi ican . Reg essi e assimila ion o he Balsi is also associa ed wi h he in luence o he non-Ta minian language.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: šiau ės žemaičių pa a mės, eg esy inė balsių asimiliacija, a minių
požymių nomenkla ū a, a minių požymių kai a, kalbinės nuos a os.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle add esses he nomencla u al change o eg essi e owel assimila ion as he
main dis inguishing ea u e o he subdialec s o he No he n Samogi ian o Telšiai and
A icles o he T ea y
Reg esy inė balsių asimiliacija:
nomenkla ū inė požymio kai a plungiškių požiū iu
K e inga. I a emp s o de e mine o wha ex en he esiden s o Plungė a e awa e o
eg essi e owel assimila ion as he dis inguishing ea u e o No he n Samogi ian and
o e alua e he change o his ea u e. The a icle d aws upon he me hods o dynamic
dialec ology and pe cep ual dialec ology.
A e analysing he commen s p o ided by he in o man s om Plungė on eg essi e
owel assimila ion and o he dialec al ea u es o No he n Samogi ian subdialec s, i was
es ablished ha owel assimila ion is a ely conside ed a dis inguishing ea u e o No he n
The Samogi ian subdialec s. This ea u e is usually obse ed bu i is assigned a ma ginal
di e en ial alue. O he phone ic, mo phological and lexical di e ences a e conside ed
mo e impo an and signi ican . Reg essi e owel assimila ion is also associa ed wi h he
in luence o non-dialec al speaking.
KEYWORDS: No he Samogi ian subdialec s, eg essi e owel assimila ion,
nomencla u e o dialec al ea u es, change o dialec al ea u es, linguis ic
a i udes.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
In he 21s cen u y, linguis ic a iabili y s udies a e becoming signi ican no only
o he ealiza ion o he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o a gi en a ian , bu also o
he linguis ic p o isions o consume s, hei linguis ic sel -iden i ica ion. They
in luence bo h he ac ual use o one o he o he a ian and he possible (non)
su i al, p o ide addi ional da a o unde s and, e alua e he a iabili y o he
language, help o de elop a p ognos ic model (see Aliūkai ė, Bakšienė and o he s 2014:
130; Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė, Ge žo ai ė 2017: 19). Fo his eason,
pe cep ion is conside ed o be one o he componen s o he applied esea ch
model in mul imodal dialec ology (Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė, Ge žo ai ė 2017:
3151; Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė 2017: 169195; Mikulėnienė 2020: 1133 and o he s). The use
o di e en me hods o pe cep ual dialec ology is inc easingly conduc ing
esea ch on he geolinguis ic compe ence o use s o a pa icula linguis ic
a ian (o a ian s), e.g. he ep esen a ion o he spoken and common language,
he na i e language, he e alua ion o spoken speech (Aliukay e, Mikulėniė 89[…]120;
Aliukay e, Mikulėniė, Čepai ienė, Ge žo ai ė 2017; Bakšienė 2019: 1[…]17; Ge žo ai ė:
1[…]25; Aliukay e, 2019, Mikulėniė, Mikulė, 2020).
A s udy o he language's a iabili y and i s e alua ion om he pe spec i e
o pe cep ual dialec ology, which also analyzed he a i udes o membe s o
he Plunges communi y, shows ha younge Plunges conside he Plunges
a ea, i.e. he language's homeland, o be he highes deg ee o p o iciency,
compa ed o 967 young people who use he language (Aliukai ė, Čeulėnienė,
Mikpai ienė, Ge žo ai ė, 97, 129; Aliukai ė, Mikulaienė, 2019: 11). Expec ed o be absen
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
294 o he Ac Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII on he con lic be ween he p o isions
o consciousness and unconsciousness. I should be no ed ha , om he poin o
iew o young people in o he a eas, Plungė is mo e o en conside ed he mos
linguis ically ma ked zone han o he a eas loca ed in Žemai ija (Aliūkai ė,
Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė, Ge žo ai ė 2017: 280). O all he ci ies in he Žemai ija egion,
he mos ac i e use o he language code is in Plungė, whe e membe s o he
communi y a e mos likely o encou age child en and young people o speak he
language (Kliukienė 2014: 3, 11). Op imis ic ends a e also indica ed by he
kalbančiu žmogumi. Plùngės gimnazis ų požiū iu s a bią ie ą užima paga ba,
eikšmingesnę negu ki ų i ų ie o ių jaunuoliams (Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė,
plunge -decla ed connec ions wi h he spelling code, spelling Čepai ienė, Ge žo ai ė
2017: 97). I is p ecisely he associa ion o espec , pa io ism, language as a na u al,
inna e code ha p e ails among he a ious gene a ions o plunge s, who poin ed
his ou du ing he implemen a ion o he p ojec Mode n geolinguis ic esea ch in
Li huania: op imiza ion o he poin ne wo k and in e ac i e dissemina ion o
linguis ic in o ma ion1. The plunge is a ixed sel - o ming geolec ical zone, one o
he o ming e es ial egions ( o mo e in o ma ion on he new in e media e ocks, see Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė 2014: 3940; Be u o 2010: 235236; Aue 2005: 742) (see.
Figu e 1 and 2. ).
I is emphasized ha his geolec is s able. F om an e hno-cul u al poin o iew,
Plungė is no pe cei ed as a pe iphe al zone o pe iphe y o he egion. In he
p oposed spa ial s uc u e o he cu en e hnic sel -de e mina ion egion o
Žemai ija, Plungė belongs o he egion's B anduoli (Pe ulis 2005: 168). Plungė is
also classi ied as an e hno-cul u al dis ic o Žemai ija in he new complex
s uc u e o e hno-cul u al egions (Ragauskai ė 2016: 176[…]179)2. Thus, he
su oundings o Plungė could be ega ded as ha ing a ai ly s ong e hno-cul u al
and linguis ic basis, allowing he membe s o he communi y o easily pe cei e
hemsel es as lowlande s and iden i y wi h his egion.
Howe e , i is unclea o wha ex en he plunge s a e able o iden i y hemsel es wi h he
K e ingian ad ice om a linguis ic poin o iew and, on he con a y, o dis inguish hemsel es
om he Telšians h ough he main ea u e o hese ad ice ha di e en ia es hem om he
eg essi e assimila ion o he Balsians. This dis inc i e ea u e, i s implemen a ion, has been
analyzed in he a ian s o he language used by he popula ion o Plungė (LKA 156), bu he app oach
o he speake s hemsel es o assimila ion, i s nomencla u e alue has no ye been s udied
(Vyniau ai ė 2020: 119; 2021). Thus, he objec o his a icle is he eg essi e ballis ic assimila ion
nomencla u e change. 1 In gene al, all C e ans and Telshans pe cei e he language mo e as a sign o
o al iden i y, an e hnic alue (Aliūkai ė, Bakšienė and o he s 2014: 136137, 140). 2 Al hough i has a
s ong e hno-cul u al, egional iden i y, i has no been a signi ican cen e like, o example, Vaniai,
Raséiniai, K ãžiai (Kalnius 2012: 163164).
A icles 295 and 1 PAV. Lowland Regiolec
Reg esy inė balsių asimiliacija:
nomenkla ū inė požymio kai a plungiškių požiū iu
and Geolek-2 PAV. The ollowing is an
A ch: The T iumphal A ch om
Ko-Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė and k . 2019:
exce p om he a icle "The T iumphal
Mikulėnienė 2014: Map XIII and
240) by Men a as"
3 PAV. Žemaičių pa a mės An ano Salio
In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke
4 PAV. Žemaičių pa a mės Zigmo
Commission conside s ha he aid is
wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c)
o he T ea y.
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
296 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Se e al phone ic cha ac e is ics o he dialec s ha a e common o bo h
no he n lowland K e ingian and Telšian adi ional dialec s ha e been eco ded in he Plunge:
• bilingual ie, uo is ansla ed as [eɪ], [o], e.g. [ˈkjeɪ jɪs] ~ ha d, [ˈjodjɪs] ~ black;
• The long owels o he wo d "s one" and "c ossed limb" a e p onounced wice, e.g. "o". :
♪ I'm he one you' e looking o ♪ ♪ I'm he one you' e looking o ♪
• unplanned end owels i, u, de i ed om ancien long owels i, u, e.g. :
♪ I'm he one who's he one ♪ ♪ I'm he one who's he one ♪ I 's called he ine. I 's called
he ine. I 's called he ine. [ o gos] ~ u gus (English name)
• monosyllabic owels ai, ei, o example: [dɑˈ ɑː] ~ da ai, [sɑˈkjɛː] ~ sakei;
• he owels a, e be o e he long s em a e p onounced sho , e.g. [ ɑ ɑː] ~
a ai, [mɑ ː] ~ me ai;
• unused a ika os č, dž (excep whe e he e is no change wi h , d, as well as in
consonan s, owels), e.g. [ˈjɑ js] ~ jaučius, [ˈgɑɪdjs] ~ gaidžius;
• cha ac e is ic o he educ ion o he limbs, e.g. [ˈdɛd] ~ deda, [ˈeɪnɑ] ~ šieną;
• cha ac e ized by a uni e sal sepa a ion o he kidneys, e.g. […] a lė[…],
[…]je[…]mɑ[…][…] žiema.
The main dis inguishing ea u e o he no he n lowland elšiški and k e ingiški councils
is he eg ession o he sho ballo s o he unable ones i, u assimila ion (see Rokai ė
1961: […]153; Gi denis 1962: 149: 141[…]150; LKTCh 2004: […]237; Zinke ičius 2006: […]239[…]241 and
k .; see also Vyniau ai ė 2021: […]15[…]25). In he a ea o he no he n lowlands, he o es
a e di ided in all cases (e.g. [ˈlepjɪ] ~ lipi, [ˈoɪnj] ~ šunį), and he ep esen a i es o he
elšiški pa a m keep hese balls na ow (e.g. [ˈlɪpjɪ] ~ lipi, [ˈnjɪ] ~ šunį) agains he
sho and long sounds o he uppe ise. Reg essi e assimila ion o o e s may ake
place in he ollowing cases: 1. The umpe o he unable i, u (balsio i assimila ion occu s
only be o e he so e e b), e.g. [ˈgljɪ] ~ guli, [ˈgɪljɪ] ~ gili; 2. When he owels i, u en e
he double il, and, ul, u , he double compound ui, e.g. [ˈsjmlj] ~ smilčių, [ˈgjɪ jdjɪ] ~ gi di,
[ˈdûljkj] ~ dulkių, [ˈgû jkjjnjs] ~ gu kšɪ, [ˈpkjɪ] ~ excellen ;
3. when he owels i and u a e o ano he o igin (in bina y [on], [om], [en], [em] om an, am, en, em, e.g.:
[ˈluŋgs] ~ langus, [smjˈdjːs] ~ samdys, [pjˈjɪŋjɪs] ~ penkis, [ɪ jkjmjsjɪ] ~ empsi; long [oː], [eː]·ish
ą, ę, e.g. [ɪˈkûːsjɪ] ~ in okąsi, [ɪjˈsjpj jːsjɪ] ~ o b eak ou ; in he wos, [eɪ], [o] om ie, uo, o
example: [ljɪɪpjns] ~ July, [ˈpûːds] ~ puodus).
In Plung (LKA 156), as in he en i e K e ingiškių pa a mės a ea, he o es i, u
ne u ė ų bū i pla inami p ieš aukš u inio pakilimo ga sus. Vis dėl o eg esy i-
nė balsių asimiliacija Plùngės apylinkėse iksuo a: pažymė a, kad negalūniniai
o es i, u, as well as he wo-digi il, and, ul, u he i s pieces ha make up
he i, u, a e in luenced by assimila ion (Zinke ičius 1966: map. No. 19, 464; see also oo no e. This is No. 70.

S aipsniai / A icles 297
Reg esy inė balsių asimiliacija:
nomenkla ū inė požymio kai a plungiškių požiū iu
515; žemėl. N . 71, 516); eg esy inės balsių asimiliacijos galė ų bū i eikia-
mi d ibalsiai [eɪ], [oʊ] iš ie, uo (Zinke ičius 1966: žemėl. N . 58, 503, žemėl.
No 59, 504, o he loo . No 61, 506); and I is also possible o main ain na ow spo adic
kai ki čiuo i pusilgiai i, u (G ina eckienė 1982: 38). Reg esy inės balsių asimi-
liacijos elik ai iš yškėjo cen inės šiau ės žemaičių k e ingiškių a mės, į ku ią
pa enka Plùngė, eks uose (Babickienė, Jasiūnai ė, Pečeliūnai ė, Bagužy ė 2007:
11). To pa ies a minio plo o Kuli, Bud i, i šiam cen iniam a ealui nep i-
klausančių Da bnų šnek ose, am ik o balsių i, u asimiliacijos eikimo ezul-
a as apibūdin as ne kaip nauja onema ( elšiškių a eju), be kaip os pačios o-
nemos a ian ai (siau esni [e], [o] alo onai) (Babickienė 1991: 15). P idu ina,
kad k e ingiškių plo e am ik ais a ejais y a a liepiami negalūniniai siau ieji
umpieji i, u, be šis siau umas nep iklauso nuo eg esy inės balsių asimiliaci-
lines (G ina eckis 1978: 126). The e ec o assimila ion is also con i med by he
analysis o handw i en o al ma e ial o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y […]
be o e he sounds o ele a ion, he oices i, u a e o en unpla ed (Vyniau ai ė 2018:
151, 156[…]158). Howe e , quan i a i e s udies based on dialec ome ic me hods
show ha his ea u e does no ha e a signi ican impac on he di e en ia ion
o no he n lowland K e ingian and Telšiškian ad ice (Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė and
o he s 2019: 229 […] 270, 312) (see Fig. 2). In he spoken a ian s o he Plunges (LKA
156) he e a e cases o eg essi e assimila ion o he owels, somewha mo e
a ied in he sho owels i, u, no included in he compound o he digi s
(Vyniau ai ė 2020: 119; 2021: 103119). Thus, eg essi e assimila ion o oices can be
ega ded as a a he a ying linguis ic ea u e. and o assess he nomencla u e
Šio s aipsnio ikslas – nus a y i, kiek Plùngės (LKA 156) gy en ojai su-
okia eg esy inę balsių asimiliaciją kaip ski iamąją šiau ės žemaičių a mi-
damage o his ea u e. The p oblem o he concep ual e alua ion o dynamic
miškosios dialek ologijos, pe cep y iosios dialek ologijos me odais. Taikomas
ienas iš Denniso R. P es ono pe cep y iojo y imo modelio komponen-
dynamics is e e ed o (P es on 1999: xxxi xxx ; Aliuki e, hese da a: abou 9
Mikulėnienė 2016: 95–96; C ame 2016: 5–14). Kalban is lais u a miniu ko-
du, pa eikėjų klaus a apie a minius šiau ės žemaičių elšiškių i k e ingiškių
ski umus, aip pa užduo a klausimų, susijusių su pag indiniu ski iamuoju a -
miniu požymiu – eg esy ine balsių asimiliacija.
Užda iniai: 1) a si ink i medžiagą iš in e iu su in o man ais; 2) išanali-
zuo i Plùngės (LKA 156) gy en ojų kalbines nuos a as, susijusias su eg esy i-
nės balsių asimiliacijos (ne)a pažįs amumu; 3) į e in i eg esy inės balsių asi-
miliacijos nomenkla ū inę kai ą.
Ti iamąją medžiagą suda o 2019 m. Plùngės apylinkėse su ink-
o'clock sound eco dings. W i en in h ee di e en g ades: younges (up o 30
yea s), middle ( om 31 o 49 yea s), oldes ( om 50 yea s) and
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
298 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII and la e ). This classi ica ion is based on he
me hodology o he p ojec Con empo a y geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania:
op imiza ion o he poin ne wo k and in e ac i e dissemina ion o in e media e
in o ma ion (No VP1-3.1-ŠMM-07-K-01-028) (Kalėdienė, Mikulėnienė 2014: 375). The i s
le e indica es he LKA clause (PLN […] Plungė), he second le e indica es he age
g oup o he esponden s (JAUN […] younge age g oup, VID […] middle age g oup, VYR
[…] olde age g oup), he hi d le e indica es he gende o he esponden s (M […]
woman, V […] man), and he numbe indica es he same age g oup.
1.DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) (NE) DATE (NE) DATE (NE (NE) (NE) DATE (NE) (NE) DATE (NE (NE) (NE) (NE) (NE) Wha is he day o he day o he day o he day o he day o he day o he day o he day
Di e o he bo om
1.1. Assimila ion o languages as a di e en ial
linguis ic ea u e
The eg essi e assimila ion o he Balsi in he ea lie classi ica ions o he
e i o ies was no gi en g ea e signi icance […] An ano Ba anausko and An ano
Salio, who e ised he di ision o he e i o ies o Kazimie z Young, in he
classi ica ions o he no he n e i o ies we e gene ally no assigned o he
ad ice (see Salys 1933: map o he chu ch; Salys 1992: 30 […] 36; Ge žo ai ė 2014: II map
and commen ; Ge žo ai ė […] 179; Mikulė 142 […] 177). This linguis ic ea u e began o
be conside ed as he main dis inguishing ea u e o he no he n lowlands in he
classi ica ion o Li huanian dialec s by Zigmó Zinke ičius and Aleks Gi denis
(Gi denis, Zinke ičius 1966: 139147) (see Fig. 4). I has been a gued ha he no he n
lowlande s hemsel es a e cha ac e ized by in ui i e cha ac e is ics o he
k e ingian and elšiški šnek us, whe eas he k e ingians usually obse e
eg essi e assimila ion o he balsi in he Sedõs, Telši, Mósėdžio and k . dis ic s,
and he ep esen a i es o he elšiški pa a mė pay a en ion o he balsi i, u dis ibu ion be o e he sounds o he al i ude ise (Gi den 1981: 23).
Al hough ew, he e a e eco ded cases o assimila ion in Plungė (LKA 156) en e ing,
din a kaip yškus a minis požymis, ski ian is nuo kaimyninės pa a mės ie o-
e.g. […]šuni[…] če says Telšē, elšėškė, Plungė says […]šoni[…], and če […]šuni[…], če […]
Telšē. Jesus, no, i he's ma ied, he'll come, he'll wea a windb eake wi h us oo, he'll go,
and Vuoki ė wen yes e day, I mean, she's a elchyshka, and i she's ma ied and on
anuos uoki k ski, well, I al eady ha e a ek a plungėškė. Well, I say, say wha he
goalkeepe says, say wha he goalkeepe says, and Ana says "shuni", and I say wha
he Plunge says "shoni". My a he is a good man, and my a he is a bad man. Tha is
why (PLN_VID_M3); You can say "bulb" i you wan o say "bolb" in Plungie. Pla elē, Plungė cla i ied in […]bol iu[…], cla i ied in […]bol iu[…], cla i ied in
A icles o he T ea y
Reg esy inė balsių asimiliacija:
nomenkla ū inė požymio kai a plungiškių požiū iu
(PLN_VID_M3)3. This is he case o : The Pas ebimà balsio u and he same balsio, which
en e s he doubling composi ion, assimila ion in c ossed posi ions, in which his
ea u e is plunging acco ding o he a ian s o he spoken languages and is mo e
consis en (see Vyniau ai ė 2021: 103[…]119). She undoub edly e e s o his ea u e
as a e y b igh e minological ea u e ha dis inguishes plunge s om
ep esen a i es o he elishkian consonan . In he case o he
" e e se- ansli e a ion" o he ex , he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex is no
he same as he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex , bu he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex is he same as he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex , and he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex is he same as he ansli e a ion o he o iginal ex .
he numbe (PLN_VYR_V3)4.
The ce ain y o obse ing he di e ences in he p onuncia ion and p onuncia ion
o he sounds o he no he n lowlands in ela ion o he ise in al i ude, on he one
hand, shows he di e en ial powe o he eg essi e assimila ion o he oices, i s
ecogni ion om he poin o iew o he speake , and on he o he hand, i is
wo h conside ing whe he wi hou heo e ical linguis ic knowledge assimila ion would also be pe cei ed as a dis inc i e ea u e.
As can be seen, he p o isions o he in o man s a y om conside ing comple e
assimila ion as an easily ecognizable and linguis ic cha ac e is ic o he
no he n lowlands o a ce ain knowledge. I is no su p ising ha he abili y o
bo h o hese speake s o ecognize assimila ion is ela ed o hei speci ic knowledge o he linguis ic peculia i ies o he Low Coun ies.
1.2 The assimila ion o oices as a
blank e minology
The e a e mo e equen eco ded cases whe e eg essi e assimila ion o whales has no been
obse ed, i has no been named as a dis inc e minological ea u e. The dis ibu ion o
non-dis ibu ion o he ball in he co esponding posi ion is essen ially conside ed insigni ican , e.g.
well, […]šoni[…], we […]zoiki[…], […]zuiki[…], […]zoiki[…], well, i you ha e a a he , maybe somehow he
e olu ion o he a he in his language, well, k[…]p sak[…] ė. Well, I don' know, I didn' no ice mysel , I
didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I
didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I
didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' no ice, I didn' know, I didn' know, I didn' know, I didn' know, I didn'
know, I didn' know, I didn' know. In he opinion o he in o man , he mos impo an ea u e is he
žemai iškai žmonių.
Asimiliacijos eikšmės neįž elgiama i išgi dus kalban elšiškių pa a mės
in ona ion, which is gene ally qui e o en no iced, especially in he non-speaking ep esen a i es and in
he sugges ion o he wo a eas belonging o he no he n lowlands. 4 The con ibu o is in e es ed in
ma e s ela ed o he Zems o, he w i ing o he landlo ds, he peculia i ies, some imes he w i es
he ex s himsel in he Zems o.
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
300 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVII
(Plunges, Skuõdo) he g amma ical ea u es, e.g. ėš you speech is like ha o a Plunges
o some kind o game. [...]. Fa he did no disclose much (PLN_VYR_V3). Look a he
umu, be Skouds panašē šnek (PLN_VID_V2). Anėi  elšėškē, be mes esam k e-
sc a ching, bu i 's sc a ching, i 's ob ious ha he a he is ma ied, i 's ob ious ha
he's al eady asked he a he o some kind o sound, he's al eady seen he a he
sc a ching, i 's al eady a simple snack, i 's... i 's al eady been ea en by he a he . Thus,
i can be said ha he alue o he dis inc i e ea u es is educed, he ecogni ion o
hese cha ac e is ics essen ially equi es a g ea deal o a en ion, lis ening, and he
no he n lowlands a e gene ally unde s ood as qui e a uni a y a ea om a linguis ic
poin o iew. I should be added ha he linguis ic uni y o he no he n lowland
elšiškių and k e ingiškių was also con i med by a quan i a i e s udy (Mikulėnienė,
Čepai ienė and o he s, 2019: 229270, 312).
I is signi ican ha he ale ness, he ale ness o hea phone ic di e ences is
also con i med by he hough o he o he in o man , e.g. no knowing, k[…]p o ce
dab[…] o go o his oice, I may no ha e no iced his oice (PLN_JAUN_V2). I was
di icul o dis inguish ce ain phone ic di e ences in his case, whe e lexical
di e ences, such as he use o he wo ds knuisis, kiocis om he K e ingõs, he
inhabi an s o Mósėdžio, we e mo e easily no iced.
Mo e o en, eg essi e assimila ion o oices was highligh ed as an unno iced sign by
lis ene s. The mos s iking di e ences be ween he wo a e he p onuncia ion o
he wo d, he p onuncia ion o su names, e.g. ha somehow, mon a uod, he wind
comes om his oo ha […] […]p[…], […] ēp[…], ha , well, I didn' say any hing, and no
mo e, mon a uod, ha I killed you (PLN_VID_M1); Somehow I emembe ed my saying in
he elephone, ha we say Be nuo alė, -kalė, uo anėi says -k ė (PLN_VID_M2). His name
is Be nuo alė, and his name is Be nuo ė (PLN_VYR_M2). Pakláus may ha e hea d some
di e ences be ween he ep esen a i es o he elšiškių pa a mės and he Skuõdo,
al hough in sho , a di e en A ikaans p onuncia ion is men ioned, e.g. negė do,
ik s diemesi, so ha he a does no smell […]č[…], bu […] […] mo e (PLN_VID_M1). I is
impo an o no e ha he P.A.R. (P.A.R. No. 156) alls wi hin he same a ea as he
P.A.R. (P.A.R. No. 156) (in all o ms, excep o a ce ain excep ion, p esumably T.D.) and
should heo e ically no be dis inguished (L.A.R. No. 1970: 19; V.A.R. No. 1982: 95, map No. 80;
L.A.R. No. 1992: 2325; L.A.R. No. 2004: 247, 258).
Howe e , he assessmen o cu en a iabili y should ake in o accoun
possible changes, bu i is clea ha he ep esen a ion o di e en
sub- egions o A ica is much mo e p onounced han assimila ion.
5 This is con i med by he commen s o he landowne s hemsel es, e.g. he au ho o he a icle had o
hea om Telšiai he conce n, e en indigna ion, o he women who came om he land, because,
acco ding o he , he people whose home own is Telšiai do no say so, hey say landowne s; Acco ding o
Rie a iškė, Plungė, Telšija is di e en om Rie ã o, T ẽ ų is di e en om A ika ų, and Vanių
A icles o 307
Reg esy inė balsių asimiliacija:
nomenkla ū inė požymio kai a plungiškių požiū iu
In he yea 2005, he Zemai iya e hnic sel -de e mina ion egion was es ablished. –
The geog aphical me ic 38(1), 163175.
Dennis P es on R. 1999: In oduc ion This is a lis o people who we e bo n in,
esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h P es on. This is he i s
edi ion o he Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology, edi ed by Dennis R. P es on, Ams e dam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, xxiii[…]xl.
Ragauskai ė Alma 2016: Li huanian e hno-cul u al egionalism: doc o al disse a ion,
Vilnius: Li huanian Academy o Music and Thea e. Rokai ė Bi u ė 1961: Some new
subjec s o he phone ics o he dialec s o he lowland douninks. […] Ques ions on
he Li huanian language 4, 141[…]155.
An enna o he Hall 1933: A ew no es on he his o y o he halls. A chi es o he
21–34.
Na ional Lib a y o Li huania, Salas An anas (1968): The language o he Li huanian
language. […] Encyclopedia o Li huania 15, Sou h Bos on (Mass.): Published by he
Encyclopedia o Li huania, 571[…]589. Salys An anas 1992: W i ings o he Li huanian
language, Rome: Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences.
John Talbo , au ho o Pola isa ion: Re isi ed, is he au ho o […] Language Va ia ion […]
Eu opean Pe spec i es: Selec ed Pape s om he Thi d In e na ional Con e ence on Language
Va ia ion in Eu ope (ICLaVE 3), eds. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha
o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Van Gogh's "Beau y and he Beas "
(1982): The A ican woman in he mi o . […] A las o he Li huanian language II. Phone ics, by he
way. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Vyniau ai ė Simona 2018: Reg esy inė balsių asimilacija acco ding
o he sou ces o he manusc ip o he six een h and nin h decades o he wen ie h cen u y.
[…] P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 5, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
140[…]166. In his book, "Symp oms o a Recession," Simons discusses he e ec s o he ecession
on he Ame ican economy. […] Li huanian language 14, 1[…]19. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.zu nalai. u.l o in Li huanian: a icle/ iew/22465/21727.
V. V. Simona: S a ics and dynamics o he e m sign: a case o he assimila ion o he
lowland eg essi e dialec s: doc o al disse a ion, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e.
Zinke ičius Zigmas 1966: Li huanian dialec ology: compa a i e phone ics and mo phology o
he dialec s, Vilnius: Min is.
Zinkiewicz-Zigmas: The o igin o Li huanian dialec s, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian language.

SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
308 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVII
Reg essi e Vowel Assimila ion: Nomencla u al
Change o Fea u e om he Poin o View o
Plungė Residen s
Summa y
The a icle add esses he nomencla u al change o eg essi e owel assimila ion as he
main dis inguishing ea u e o he subdialec s o he No he n Samogi ian o Telšiai and
K e inga. I a emp s o de e mine o wha ex en he esiden s o Plungė a e awa e o
eg essi e owel assimila ion as he dis inguishing ea u e o No he n Samogi ian and
o e alua e he change o his ea u e. The a icle d aws upon he me hods o dynamic
dialec ology and pe cep ual dialec ology.
A e analysing he commen s p o ided by he in o man s om Plungė on eg essi e
owel assimila ion and o he dialec al ea u es o No he n Samogi ian subdialec s, i was
es ablished ha owel assimila ion is a ely conside ed a dis inguishing ea u e o No he n
The Samogi ian subdialec s. The in o man s end o conside eg essi e owel assimila ion a
dis inguishing and weak dialec al ea u e, bu i is no conside ed a cha ac e is ic ea u e.
O he phone ic, mo phological and lexical di e ences a e conside ed mo e signi ican . I is
no ewo hy ha ano he alue ca ego y comes in o play when assimila ion is unde s ood as a
ea u e o non-dialec al speaking. in his case, owel na owness is associa ed wi h he
exp ession o s anda d language.
The esea ch indings e eal a a he high dialec al homogenei y o No he n Swahili om
he poin o iew o he in o man s and imply ha as linguis ic a ia ion inc eases,
eg essi e owel assimila ion will no be pe cei ed by communi y membe s as a mo e easily
ecognizable dialec al ea u e wi h high di e en ial powe .
Deli e ed on 5 Augus 2022
SIMONA VYNIAUTAITĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es.
simona. yniau ai [email protected]