S aipsniai / A icles 259
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-0487-7710 Resea ch a eas
include e hnolinguis ics, lexicog aphy and lexicology.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Li huanian language
O he wo ds: Raida,
Sa i umas and Ta pusa io
The SAJOS
The De elopmen , Uniqueness
and In e ela ionship o Li huanian
Explana o y Dic iona ies
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle p o ides an o e iew o he de elopmen o con empo a y and common
Li huanian ocabula y om he 19 h cen u y o he i s decades o he 21s cen u y, based
on he mos impo an dic iona ies and concise examples o hose ocabula ies o he pe iod.
One o he mos ou s anding lexical wo ks o he nine een h cen u y is he dic iona y o
Li huanian-Polish languages compiled by he amous Li huanian lexicog aphe and olklo is
An anas Juškos. The impo ance and signi icance o his wo d was also app ecia ed by Jonas
Jablonskis, who ook he i s s eps o he lexicog aphic wo k by edi ing he dic iona y o A.
Juška. The wo k on he dic iona y p omp ed he linguis o collec ma e ial o he
Li huanian common language o s udy, w i e he da a on he ca ds and s o e i in a sepa a e
ile. In pa , J. Jablonski's p ojec o p epa e a Li huanian common language dic iona y was
implemen ed by he Li huanian language dic iona y, which combines h ee di e en
dic iona ies: he e nacula , he old w i ings and he cu en common language. The ich and
a ied ma e ial o his dic iona y allowed he p epa a ion o he Dic iona y o
Con empo a y Li huanian Language (1954) and many o he edi ions o i . Each published
dic iona y ga e one o ano he impulse o hink abou a new, mo e pe ec dic iona y o
ano he edi ion o i . An elec onic dic iona y o he Li huanian language is cu en ly being p epa ed, which is comple ely di e en in e ms o bo h he composi ion o he lexicon and he s uc u e and me hodology o p epa a ion o he dic iona y i sel . The mos impo an p oblems ha a ise o Li huanian explana o y dic iona y edi o s a e discussed in he a icle.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
260 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX and i s annexes
The ollowing is a lis o wo ds ha ha e been used in he dic iona y:
lexicog aphy, explana o y dic iona y, An anas Juška, Jonas Jablonskis, Li huanian language dic iona y, Mode n Li huanian language
žodynas, Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
This a icle aims o show he e olu ion o he dic iona ies o he mode n and s anda d
Li huanian language om he end o he 19 h cen u y o he 21s cen u y, based on he mos
impo an dic iona ies o he pe iod and speci ic examples o hese dic iona ies. One o
The mos ou s anding lexicog aphical wo ks o he 19 h cen u y is he Li huanian-Russian-Polish
dic iona y by he amous Li huanian lexicog aphe and olklo e collec o An anas Juška. The
impo ance and signi icance o his dic iona y was also ecognized by Jonas Jablonski, who ook
he i s s eps in lexicog aphic wo k by edi ing he dic iona y o A. Juchka. His wo k on he
dic iona y p omp ed he linguis o collec ma e ials o esea ch on he Li huanian w i en
language, o eco d he da a on ca ds and o keep hem in a sepa a e ca d ile. Jablonski's wish
o compile a dic iona y o he s anda d Li huanian language was pa ly ul illed by he Dic iona y
o he Li huanian Language, which combines h ee di e en dic iona ies: he dialec al, he old
w i en and he mode n s anda d language. The ich and a ied ma e ial in his dic iona y made i
possible o compile he Dic iona y o he Mode n Li huanian Language (1954) and many o he
edi ions. Each o he dic iona ies has gi en ise o one o ano he impulse o hink abou a new
and imp o ed dic iona y o ano he edi ion. The cu en Dic iona y o he S anda d Li huanian
Language is qui e di e en in e ms o i s lexical composi ion, s uc u e and me hodology. The
a icle e eals he mos impo an p oblems ha he compile s o explana o y dic iona ies may
ace. KEYWORDS: lexicog aphy, explana o y dic iona ies, An anas Juška, Jonas Jablonskis, The
dic iona y o he Li huanian language, The dic iona y o he mode n Li huanian language, The
dic iona y o he s anda d Li huanian language.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Acco ding o Jono K uop, a e Kons an in Si ydas he dic iona y epochs in Li huania wi hou he old
eik du šim mečius sus ojo lie u ių leksikog a ijos da bas (K uopas 1998: 423).
Tik XIX a., kai p asidėjo isuomeninis, kul ū inis i li e a ū inis pakilimas, daž-
nas iš lie u ių š iesuolių, sup a ęs, kad no min i i ugdy i lie u ių bend inę1
common language e ms […] li e a y and w i en language. In he a icle, one e m […] common language
is chosen o all pe iods, bu when alking abou he p ocess, he language s anda diza ion e m is
used.
A icles and a icles 261
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
he language can no only g amma , bu also ocabula y, ook pa in he wo k o
c ea ing Li huanian-language dic iona ies. The e o e, many o hem began o
collec wo ds and w i e dic iona ies (o en in G eek wi h g amma ), mos ly
moky is lie u ių kalbos (Palionis 1995: 191). Deja, dauguma suda y ų žodynų
aip i liko ank aščiuose. Tai Dionizo Poškos, Simono Daukan o, Dominiko
bilingual o ilingual, o he p ac ical use o Su ke ičius, Lau yno I inski, And iaus
Ugenski, Mikalojus Akelaičius and o he s. The a e o many o hese au ho 's dic iona y manusc ip s is unknown (Sawaniewska-
Mochowa 2014: 123; Balašai is 2018: 93). This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o ind a solu ion o his p oblem.
The aim o his s udy is o p o ide an o e iew o he de elopmen o cu en and
common Li huanian explana o y dic iona ies om he end o he 19 h cen u y o
he i s decades o he 21s cen u y, based on he mos impo an dic iona ies
o ha pe iod and speci ic examples o hose dic iona ies. To his end, he
ollowing asks a e se : (1) o e eal he o igins o explana o y dic iona ies; 2) o
demons a e he aim o language s anda diza ion in 19 h cen u y explana o y
dic iona ies; 3) o illus a e he changes and inno a ions in he mac o-s uc u es
o he cu en and common Li huanian ocabula y on he basis o speci ic
examples o ocabula ies. The s udy uses desc ip i e and co ela i e me hods, on
he basis o which he de elopmen o Li huanian explana o y dic iona ies is
shown, he ela ionship o he ma e ial o he analysed dic iona ies is e ealed,
he speci ics, peculia i ies and connec ions o he dic iona ies a e highligh ed.
The empi ical basis o he s udy consis s o he dic iona y o
Li huanian-Li huanian languages by An ano Juška, he a chi es o ma e ial o he dic iona y o Li huanian language by Jono Jablonski, he dic iona y o Li huanian language (LKŽe), he da a o a ious edi ions o he cu en dic iona y o Li huanian language (DLKŽ3) and he elec onic dic iona y o Li huanian language (BLKŽ).
1 - ANTANO JUSKOS, Li huanian poli ician
The wo d "wo d"
One o he mos ou s anding lexical wo ks o he nine een h cen u y is he dic iona y o
Li huanian-Polish languages compiled by he amous Li huanian lexicog aphe and olklo is A. Juškos.
I s au ho sough o p o ide a lexicon ha had no been p in ed o eco ded anywhe e. 2 Li huanian
Žodynui medžiaga p adė a ink i 1850 m. (Sawaniewska-Mochowa 2002: 42),
apie 1860 m. p adė as ašy i žodyno eks as. Iš iso bu o išspausdin os ys
dic iona y A. Yushke ich wi h in e p e a ions o wo ds in Russian and Polish, p. Second, S .
Pe e sbu g, 1904, I[…]LIX. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . 3 The abb e ia ion wi hou an index is used in
a gene ic way when alking abou he cu en Li huanian ocabula y in gene al.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
262 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A. Juškos Li huanian-Li huanian language dic iona y pa 4 (abou he dic iona y
edi ing and edi o mo e widely see Sakalauskienė 2012: 257267; Balašai is 2018:
154161). The i s edi o o his dic iona y, Filip Fo una o , emphasized ha he
dic iona y o Li huanian-Li huanian languages […] by A. Juškos […] is a li ing
ilius uojančių bei aiškinančių sakinių inkinys (Sakalauskienė 2012: 256), ku-
language lexicon and i s use in Rio. Se e al pa s we e published e en a ew
decades a e he dic iona y was w i en. In e es ed in he li e and cul u e o
he peasan s, he au ho o he dic iona y dedica ed his wo k p ima ily o he
Li huanian in elligen sia. A. Juška eco ded in his ocabula y many ac s o he
language ela ed o e e yday household li e, p o iding e hnog aphic and olklo e
knowledge. The use o Li huanian slang o ocabula y, i s abundan ma e ial had
nėjimams bei p ak iniam kalbos da bui – isos au os bend inei kalbai ku i
i ugdy i. A. Juška, kaip leksikog a as, su okęs gy osios kalbos, au osakos i
a g ea signi icance and he impo ance o Li huanian language ie nog aphy
o he educa ion o na ional cul u e, o se e al decades wi h inexhaus ible
ene gy he w o e Li huanian wo ds, sayings, ma ke songs, obse ed and
desc ibed cus oms. A. Juška alued he Li huanian people's language no only as a
sou ce o philological ac s, bu also paid a en ion o he psychology o people,
he way o exp essing hough s, sough in he language e lec ions o he li e, adi ions, his o ical expe ience o o dina y people.
By w i ing down mo e han 30,000 wo ds om he Snakes' language in o his dic iona y, A. Juška in
he Li huanian Lexicon ook a new pa h […] om w i ing ma e ial om old and newe sc ip s o
he Snakes' language as he main and unbiased sou ce (Tolu ienė 1961: 89). Thus, he A. Juškos
Li huanian-Polish language dic iona y is an impo an lexicological sou ce, an explana o y
dic iona y o he new ype o Snekamosi language. Acco ding o A. Balašai is, he Li huanian pa
o he dic iona y is no only an illus a ion o he use o wo ds, bu o en also an explana ion o
he meanings o wo ds, which a e usually no he au ho o he dic iona y, bu w i en om he
language o he people (Balašai is 2018: 158). The manusc ip s o he wo ds and hei sepa a e
edi ions show a winding and complex pa h, e y in e es ing and aluable o he c ea ion and
de elopmen o he Li huanian language. 4 The i s pa o he i s olume, co e ing A[…]D
aides (edi ed by F. Fo una o as), he second pa o he i s olume, co e ing E[…]G aides
(edi ed by J. Jablonskis), he i s pa o he second olume, co e ing he i s pa o K[…] un il
he wo d kuko i (edi ed by K. Būga). O he edi o s o he dic iona y include Janas Boduenas de
Ku enė, Ju gis Šlapelis and G igo ijus Uljano as. The p in ing was ca ied ou by Viačesla
Jagičius, F. Fo una o , and Alexei Šachma o (Sakalauskienė 2012: 257). The e ms "li ing",
"people" and "speaking" a e used synonymously in his a icle. 6 A. Juška's ocabula y was new o
socie y a he ime. A ha ime, Li huanian educa ion was mainly augh in Polish schools, so
Polish was spoken alongside na i e Li huanian. I is qui e unde s andable why A. Juška chose he
Polish ansla ion o he Li huanian dic iona y. I was needed no so much by he Polish socie y
as by he Li huanians hemsel es (Sakalauskienė 2012: 256). Jonas Juška, edi ed by eigai y inė i
žodyną, p idėjo e imą į usų kalbą (plačiau ž . Sakalauskienė 2012: 257–258).
S aipsniai / A icles 263
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
(Sakalauskienė 2012: 264) This a icle is pa o a se ies. Many o he a e wo ds men ioned in A.
Juškos's dic iona y, such as g is d inking, d inking, ge ano is, man o good wishes, can s ill be
ound oday in a ious edi ions o mode n Li huanian dic iona ies. Acco ding o LKJ, he e b
jo alúo i […] uoš i kiaulėms ėdalą, jo alą[…] in he sense o […] o ansla e, o make, o do
some hing[…] is used in he wes e n highlands o he Kauniški (Veliuone, Ž i gždaiči) and he
sou he n de ini ion o his e b indica es he expansion o he meaning and he p esen -day
aukš aičių (Liškia oje). Į ai iuose Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno leidimuose
a oseną (ž .
This is shown in Table 1.
One LENTEL. Some wo ds o A. Juškos dic iona y in cu en edi ions o he
Li huanian dic iona y
The ollowing is a summa y o
he main indings and
ollowing is a summa y o he
one d ink ali e. One d ink and
and well.
The pa ien
d inks one ali e.
conclusions o he e iew: (a)
indings and conclusions o
you' e ali e. One d ink and
The ollowing is a summa y o
he e iew: (c) The ollowing
you' e ali e. The d ink: he
he indings and conclusions
is a summa y o he indings
s omach is illed wi h Ligonis
o he e iew: (b) The
and conclusions: You'll be in
one pe s emple . He's ali e
Ge no a Ku s
good no e, a
good no e, ha
Ge no a
good no e, a
is a ge no a. a
Ge no a
good no e, a
man o desi es;
Ge no a
good no e, a
a man o
Ge no a has a
good no e, a
desi es; a man
o desi es; a
pe son o good
I'm going o do
some hing else.
you buy he
won' . Bu you
I 's called
called g umbling,
abou . 2. They
he said. "I'm no
will; o add 1. o
some hing else.
o wo k. All
ho se, Re 2.
won' , bu you
g umbling, i 's
i 's called
killed people. To
going o be able
wha you' e
sigh, 3. sng .
child en,
add 1. A kley o
I'm going o do
igh , you buy
The child is no
won' , and I'll
called g umbling,
g umbling. I'm
please people.
o do i ". I 's a
doing. o
Child en,
Jodie, 1. June. o
some hing else.
he ho se, you
ea en by anyone
gi e you he
i 's called
no su e wha
"I'm no going o
lo o wo k.
p onounce: o
child en,
be able o do 1. o add 1. The džn.
I'm going o do
buy he ho se,
( lk. Bu you
iodine, he h eshold. Pie a, second loo . I'm i ed o i . 2. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: (d) he ollowing: 2. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
g umbling, i 's
you' e alking
be able o do i ",
Enjoy, enjoy
p onounce: o
child en,
child en, child en, child en, child en! Don' wo y abou i ! Don' be shy, child en! Don' wo y abou i !
o clean up […] o
pigs' ood;
clean up […] o
yellow, yellowish;
pollu e o clean
pollu ion wi h
lime"; o
No o be
mess, o mix, o
up 1. o clean up
cobal ; 2.
ansla e, o
con used wi h:
make a mess, o make; o a kind used in mo o ehicles mixing, mixing o mixing;
1. o clean up
"pollu ed wi h
chee , o chee .
‘ o make a

VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
264 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
A. Juškos žodyne už iksuo as a minis eiksmažodis jódy is į auk as i į
Common Li huanian ocabula y: jódy is 4. he sng . "Don' wo y abou i , kid".
2. he wo ds o JONAS JABLONSKI and
ANTANO JUŠKOS
The impo ance and signi icance o he A. Juška dic iona y was also assessed by J.
Jablonskis, who ook he i s s eps in he lexicog aphic wo k by edi ing his
dic iona y. Jablonskis, ha ing checked Li huanian wo ds in he spoken language7,
had he oppo uni y o check hei seman ics as well. The edi o was no sa is ied
e imas. Todėl usišką e imą jis aisė pagal a mėse a ojamas eikšmes, o ne
pagal nu ody as A. Juškos ank aščiuose. J. Jablonskis pi miausia iškėlė kalboje
plačiau žinomą, pag indinę žodžio eikšmę, o paskui – as eikšmes, ku ios bu-
wi h unde s anding he illus a i e ma e ial o he impo an a icle in Russian o
Li huanian wo ds. Acco ding o J. Jablonski, Juška, a e w i ing down a sen ence
om people's lips, be o e en e ing i in o his dic iona y, qui e o en glossed i
o e , made i ulle , ying o gi e a mo e li e a y and egula one, bu in doing so
elimina ing he peculia i ies o hose ph ases (Pi ochkin 1991: 116). The p ocess o
language s anda diza ion in ocabula y is signi ican o he his o y o he
Li huanian common language. J. Jablonskis, unable o de e mine om which
language A. Juška had w i en which wo d o sen ence, did no hesi a e o
es o e he ocabula y and he ma e ial o he same ocabula y by con inuing he
s anda diza ion o he language s a ed by he au ho . In he main language, like
he au ho , he chose he wes e n high-le el language, because he was always
con inced ha a dic iona y o he common Li huanian language, w i en in a language ha e e yone could unde s and, was needed.
7 As an edi o , J. Jablonski was gi en he oppo uni y o check he wo ds in Li huanian. Du ing he
summe holidays, he edi o wen o s udy Li huanian dialec s (Čepai ienė, Lapinskienė 2010: 83). A e
spending he whole i s summe in Li huania, J. Jablonskis inspec ed he le e s E, G, I, J, K, L in
Veliuona, Vilkija, Ju ba ka, Kal inėnu and Alsedži (see he b oade Tolu ienė 1923: 237; Sakalauskienė 2021:
36 […] 37). In he las decades o he nine een h cen u y, Russian cul u e g ew s onge in Li huania.
8 Sumanymas pa eik i usų kalbos a i ikmenis iš dalies p iklauso J. Boduenui de Ku enė.
The e o e, du ing he yea s o he dic iona y p in ing, he Polish ansla ion was less ele an . J.
Juška e en ansla ed in o Russian he illus a ed sen ences ha a e su icien o unde s and he
ansla ion gi en a he beginning o he a icle. "The meaning o he i le o he i le" (Tolu ienė 1961:
džio e imą a indamas p ie ilius acinio sakinio, J. Juška ka ais aip susiau ino jo eikšmę, kad
222).
S aipsniai / A icles 265
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
Thus, while edi ing A. Juškos dic iona y, J. Jablonskis was al eady hinking
abou ano he dic iona y, which needed o be p epa ed alongside he edi ing.
The e o e, he no only checked and illed he ocabula y ma e ial o A. Juškos,
bu also collec ed wo ds, s o ed he ile o he new Li huanian language
dic iona y. Se e al examples o he Li huanian language dic iona y (JJk) ma e ial in J. Jablonski's a chi es:
Ho ses in he c adle (JJk, Als), plg. Asbes os in he c us (JZ 482),
asbes os in he c us (LKZ, J);
The A k o he Co enan (JJK, Als), plg. Ho ses g un in he meadow (LKŽe,
Als); The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Wi h he gend as ou o he way, wi h he a noms ou o he way (JJk, Als), plg.
Sud ais go ou , wi h a noms nuk i o (speaks o hose who eally wan o ge ou , bu hey don' succeed)
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Linai Gal ó i (JJk, Puš), also known as Linai Gal ó i (JJk, Puš). O he , o a a
con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : Wha is a sùga ga, i is called a
ga gãžėm (JJk, Puš), plg. "Suga " is he wo d o "helpe " (Lk. puš).
S a kus ga glinėja (a e he ball) (JJk, Skap14), also known as S a kus ga glinėja (a e he ball) S a kus ga glinaja [a e he ball]
(LKŽe, Skp) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The edi ing o he A. Juškos dic iona y no only o J. Jablonski, bu also o
Kazimie z Būga15 was an e ec i e incen i e o p epa e a dic iona y o he
Li huanian language in he u u e. This is indica ed by he la e wo k o he edi o s o his dic iona y (J. Jablonskio and K. Bugos).
3. KARTOTEKA LIETUVIŲ KALBOS ŽODYNUI
MEDŽIAGA
Da bas p ie A. Juškos žodyno J. Jablonskį paska ino ink i medžiagą lie u ių
In addi ion o he w i en language, he da a was collec ed in a da abase con aining
mo e han 14,500 ca ds and wo ds.
9 in pai s;
10 sho g ass g ass;
11 ‘įskaudo’;
12 ‘su daug gal ų a didelėmis gal omis, gal ingi’;
13 […] s i ened, sh unken[…]
14 Summa ies o a eas used by Jablonski a e p o ided wi h examples o he J. Jablonski ile, wi h
The examples o LKZ a e like wo ds.
15 K. Būga bu o ienas iš A. Juškos žodyno edak o ių.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
266 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX illus a ing sen ences a e w i en e en
mo e. The e a e a numbe o simila i ies be ween he wo, as shown in Figu e 6 o
he cha below, such as he J-shape o he J-shape o he J-shape o he J-shape
o he J-shape o he J-shape o he J-shape o he J-shape o he J-shape o he
J-shape o he J-shape. You' e going o kill me because my inge s a e going o bi e
me. We' e no going o le you ge away wi h his, a e we? He is accused o s ealing
a bee (JJK). Re e ing o he ansla ion ma e ial o A. Juška's dic iona y, i was
no ed ha he coincidence o examples o his dic iona y and he ile o J.
Jablonski indica es ha he edi o posi i ely assessed he ma e ial collec ed by
A. Juška and used i himsel (see mo e Sakalauskienė 2012: 269). J. Jablonsky did no
w i e o A. Juškos, bu ga e selec ed illus a ions acco ding o he p inciples o
spelling a ha ime, sho ened sen ences, did no ansc ibe co espondences in
Russian o Polish, al hough in he ile he meaning o indi idual wo ds was explained
in non-Li huanian. The edi ing o he A. Juškos dic iona y was one o he mos
impo an ac o s in s a ing o accumula e a ile o ano he
Li huanian-language dic iona y.
Acco ding o he eco ds o J. Jablonski, his a chi es began o accumula e a
he end o he 19 h cen u y, when he isi ed Veliuoni in 1897. The a chi e con ains
no only he da a o he li ing language, bu also wo ds om published
dic iona ies21, a ious w i ings, and ic ion li e a u e22.
J. Jablonskis was always con inced ha a common Li huanian language dic iona y was
needed. In 1918 in Vo onezh, al eady a e he Ga dine pe iod (1912-1914), mo e han 1500 wo ds
išleido mažos apim ies Mūsų žodynėlį, į ku į bu o į auk a ik nedidelė jo su-
ink os ka o ekos žodžių dalis. Žodynėlyje (61 puslapio apim ies) bu o pa-
o he common language o ha pe iod we e pu wi h Li huanian 16 This abb e ia ion J.
Jablonskis ma ked om A. Juškos's wo d ansc ibed wo ds and sen ences.
17 he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
18 […] and […];
19 ‘naikin i’;
20 o he […]ni šo[…].
21 A e gi ing a good assessmen o F ied ich Ku šai is' ocabula y and g amma , J. Jablonskis
included a lo o ma e ial in he a chi e. J. Jablonskis A. Juškos in he las wo d o he second pa o
he i s olume o he dic iona y, discussing he language o he dic iona y being edi ed, e y o en
elied on F . He compa ed Ku šai is' ocabula y and ma e ial wi h o he Li huanian language dialec s.
žymė ų F . Ku šaičio pa a de. Ka o ekos lapeliuose pasi aiko K. Si ydo žodyno pa yzdžių. Jo
Jablonski's a chi e con ains a numbe o sen ences and wo ds, he pa ikalbis (La in dic iona y)
Dic iona ium ium lig a um, which has ecei ed as many as i e edi ions (I […] abou 1620, II […] 1631, III […]
1642, IV […] 1677 and V […] 1713), o se e al cen u ies was one o he main sou ces o he Li huanian
w i en language (Palionis 1995: 18). 22 I can be seen om he e e ences in he sou ces ha he
compile included in he a chi e wo ds om he li e a y wo ks o Simon S ane ich, S. Daukan o, Zemai is, Pe o A ižonio, An ano Ba anausko, e c.
A icles by A icles 267
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
explana ions o meanings and ansla ions in o Russian. All he wo ds we e
con used. The pu pose o he dic iona y was pu ely p ac ical o help s uden s
ead and unde s and Li huanian ex books. The e o e, i was mainly composed o
wo ds and idioms om he dialec , which he speake sugges ed o use in he
gene al language. Ou dic iona y is impo an no only as a sou ce o new e ms,
bu also as he i s s anda d dic iona y o he common language in gene al. The
wo d may ha e de eloped in o a common Li huanian ocabula y. Thus, i can be
assumed ha Jablonsky, wi h a la ge a chi e and expe ience in lexicog aphic wo k,
could ha e w i en such a dic iona y. I 's unny ha in he memo ies o he ances o s, he e's a cons an men ion o his desi e o w i e a dic iona y himsel .
4. WORDS OF THE LITHUANIA Wha is he name o he coun y?
J. Jablonski's p ojec o de elop an explana o y dic iona y o he Li huanian
language has been pa ially implemen ed as a dic iona y o he Li huanian language,
which combines h ee di e en dic iona ies: he spoken, he old and he mode n
common language. The e o e, he special connec ion be ween he a chi es o J.
Jablonski and he Li huanian language dic iona y, whose i s o ganize and edi o
was K. Būga, is emphasized. The edi o ial o ice o he dic iona y ecei ed se e al
boxes o wo ds om a ious o e s, om which d a s we e made
(app oxima ely 2530 housand ca ds). F om he a chi es o J. Jablonski, K. Buga
w o e abou 10 housand wo ds, which la e en e ed he collec ions o he g ea
dic iona y. In many cases, he wo ds in J. Jablonski's ile seem o ha e disappea ed
om hose olde s, because o en J. Jablonski's ma e ial in he same wo d is no
ma ked in any way […] in hese wo cases only he abb e ia ion o he place. When he wo d comes om J. Jablonski's a chi e, i can only be seen in he pages o he Li huanian language dic iona y a chi e.
J. Jablonskis himsel was unable o w i e a dic iona y o he Li huanian language,
bu his wo ks con ibu ed a lo o he p epa a ion o such a dic iona y. In 1924,
he i s K. Bugas p epa ed dic iona y o he Li huanian language was published.
He w o e abou i ha i was "a e y unusual dic iona y o his own language,
leidžia nei la iai, nei lenkai, nei usai. Žodyne su ašy i isi žodžiai, ku ie ebė-
a a ojami lig šiol aš uose i šnekamojoje kalboje. Tačiau isuomenė, laukusi
iš p o eso iaus K. Būgos ik ašomosios kalbos žodyno, daba as žodyne daug
isokios medžiagos, inkančios i eikalingos mūsų kalbos e imologijai, is o ijai,
which in he mean ime was no sui able o he s udy o public a ai s" (JR 1935:
294-296). The ex o he dic iona y i sel seemed unusual o he public, because i was a scien i ic dic iona y.
In addi ion o he abo e, J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J.
J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J.
J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J.
J.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
274 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In 2000 came he ou h edi ion o he DLKZ. In essence, his is a epea ed hi d
edi ion o he dic iona y, only co ec ed o he co ec ed e o s. The edi o ial
boa d is he same. In 2003 a compac disc o he dic iona y was published. The
dic iona y is supplemen ed wi h he explana o y pa o he mos impo an
Li huanian and wo ld place names. This e sion o he dic iona y was uploaded o
he In e ne . A he end o 2003, he i h edi ion o he DLKZ5e was published,
newly edi ed, co ec ed and supplemen ed only elec onically (compac shee wi h
he in oduc ion p in ed in he book, me hodological ad ice and a desc ip ion o he
wo k wi h he compu e p og am), a sepa a e appendix o abou 3000 Li huanian
and wo ld loca ions was added […] he explana o y pa o he mos impo an
Li huanian and wo ld loca ions. In 2006, a sligh ly modi ied e sion o he six h ( hi d
elec onic) DLKZ6e was eleased. His edi o ial boa d is he same. The 7 h edi ion
(upda ed in 2017) o he DLKZ7e edi ion is compiled om he 6 h edi ion pla e, bu
di e s conside ably om i . The bigges di e ences in he wo ding o his
dic iona y a e: 1) he example o wo ds ha do no belong o he common language
is omi ed (see no e n k. =); 2) abandoned pa o he obsole e and a e egional
(ma ked wi h psn. and a ms) wo ds and a ian s (almos wo housand); 3)
abandoned he mos impo an pa s o Li huanian, ela ed coun ies and wo ld
place names in p e ious elec onic DLKZ publica ions
(abou h ee housand a icles) 4) swea ing in wo ds in acco dance wi h he
decisions o he S a e Li huanian Language Commission; 5) cla i ica ion o he
meanings o some wo ds, co ec ion o no iced co ec i e e o s. In his edi ion
o he dic iona y, a small (abou a hund ed h o a pe cen ) DLKZ7e o unknown
wo ds is added om he newly p epa ed dic iona y o he Li huanian language o he Associa ion.
In he p e ace o he new DLKŽ8e, he edi o -in-chie says ha […]žodynas is
designed as a language ad iso o all Li huanians in he wo ld and o hose
o eigne s who ha e lea ned o a e s ill lea ning Li huanian[…] (DLKŽ8e, P a a mė).
I emphasizes he uni e sali y o he wo d, because, i s ly, i e lec s all he
a eas o use o he common language, all i s a ia ions in use, and secondly, i
p o ides consume s wi h essen ial in o ma ion abou he no ma i e spelling,
spelling, causa ion o wo ds, explains he meaning o wo ds in a complex way, uses
examples o wo ds, adds a lo o illus a i e ph ases, ph ases, as well as
e minology o a ious a eas. The appendix o new wo ds is supplemen ed by wo
hund ed wo ds.
DLK8e is p epa ed om he eigh h p in ing DLKZ pe mi . The main inno a ions
o his edi ion a e: (1) he e u n o some wo ds p e iously conside ed
unpleasan , which he S a e Li huanian Language Commission has ecognised
as common wo ds in he common language: bobu ė ‘1. g andmo he ,
g andmo he ( a he 's o mo he 's mo he ) 2. he calade ‘1. See also inka. 2.
see wood 3; lynching iolen ga he ing o c owds wi hou a ial; 2) a anged in acco dance wi h he egula ions o he S a e Li huanian Language Commission

S aipsniai / A icles 275
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
he spelling and punc ua ion o he wo ds: čiá dašas, čá dašas; I 's no like I don'
know wha I'm doing. he jo d and so on. ; 3) enewed e e en ial in e p e a ion o
wo ds (in some cases he e e ence o he se en h DLKJ au ho isa ion has been
e u ned): business, ibbon, bulge, sul yn, gé bū is, ge o ė, pakalkas, ~ė, pa aikūnas
and k . ; 5) o e u n some o he wo ds which we e omi ed in he se en h edi ion o
he DLKZ due o he limi a ion o he olume o he p in ed publica ion.
6. The wo ds o he Li huanian
band
Visai ki oks nei Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas iek leksikos sudė ies, iek
pa ies žodyno s uk ū os i engimo me odikos a ž ilgiu y a šiuo me u engia-
mas elek oninis Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas. Jame galima as i pačią nau-
he lexicon ha we use a e he yea 2000 o his day, such as Facebook, Google,
Google, YouTube. Ins ag am, Skype, Twi e and k will also be included in he
dic iona y. In he 1950s, he edi o -in-chie o he dic iona y emphasized ha when
he hi d edi ion o he dic iona y was eleased o he public, i was w i en ha a
la ge gene al dic iona y o he language, such as h ee o ou olumes, wi h mo e
a icles and especially examples o usage, was needed (Keynes 2004: 82). BLKZ is
implemen ing his app oach.
When w i ing, edi ing and app o ing he BLKZ, he ac ual p onuncia ion o wo ds,
hei spelling pa e ns, a e aken in o accoun , bu he common language no ms
a e main ained. Thus, he dic iona y p o ides a now unc ioning egula common
language lexicon. The e o e, much o he obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e,
aip pa galima as i šiame žodyne (Liu ke ičienė 2006: 14). Be jokios abejo-
obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e, obsole e is
wha is being included in his wo k. The main di e ence be ween his dic iona y and
he a ious edi ions o he DLKZ is he spelling and edi ing o he dic iona y no only in alphabe ical o de , bu also, o he mos pa , in lexical seman ic g oups. In addi ion, he p inciple is adhe ed o ha he wo d mus be explained in e ms ha a e unde s andable o e e yone, seman ically and s ylis ically neu al, which is why he au ho s o he BLKZ use a collec ion o ea lie wo ds al eady men ioned in his a icle (LKZ, DLKZ), he expe ience o o he Li huanian and o eign language ocabula ies, he ma e ial o he mos ecen scien i ic esea ch.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
276 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Tikslinga paminė i ieną ki ą iš daugelio DLKŽ i BLKŽ ski umų: 1) a sisa-
ky a lizdinio28 giminiškų žodžių pa eikimo29; 2) an aš iniais žodžiais iškeliami
i aiškinami isi apib ėž yse a ojami žodžiai; 3) iškeliami i aiškinami labiau
widesp ead, lexical wo d combina ions and compound e ms30; 4) all BLKZ headings
o hei meanings, excep in isola ed cases, a e illus a ed by examples o usage; (5)
all wo ds o he illus a i e sen ences shall be c ossed ou ; 6) some wo ds (e.g.,
adjec i es, ad e bs) ha e mo e mo phological o ms (highes , highes deg ee,
p onoun) in he a icles; 7) he syn ac ic conjunc ion o e bs, in some cases
adjec i es and ph asal conjunc ions is indica ed; (8) mo e g amma ical in o ma ion
is p o ided; 8) e used o include unp onounceable wo ds in he BLKŽ
mac o-s uc u e and k . In addi ion o he ac ha he DLKZ had he same
pu pose and ul illed he same in e p e i e and no ma i e unc ions, and ha he
di e ences be ween he wo dic iona ies we e analysed in de ail by he edi o s o
he DLKZ hemsel es, he esul s o which no only con i med he co ec ness o
he chosen dic iona y me hodology, bu also showed a eas o imp o emen . Based
on he esul s o his s udy, he headings o he Li huanian Language Cu en
Names Index (LKND) a e cons an ly e iewed.
Thus, he dic iona y is p epa ed aking in o accoun he cons an ly changing
si ua ion o he language, he new needs o he public knowledge and he use o
he p es igious language, he la es esul s o he common language s udy,
no maliza ion, published o o he wise p esen ed c i icism o o he dic iona ies and ex s o his dic iona y.
No es on he Appendices
A e iew o he de elopmen o mode n and common Li huanian ocabula y
pab. iki XXI a. pi mųjų dešim mečių ma y i, kad ienas išski iniausių
XIX a. leksikog a inių da bų – An ano Juškos lie u ių–lenkų kalbų žodynas
padėjo pama us aiškinamajam lie u ių kalbos žodynui. Tai s a bus leksiko-
since he 19 h cen u y.
The second hal o he 19 h cen u y.
28 In some a icles, he so-called inclusion (b oade c . Liu ke ičienė, Mu mulai y ė 2015: This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has o ed in a ou o he Commission's p oposal.
84).
29 BLKŽe ski ingai nuo DLKŽ a ski ais an aš iniais žodžiais pa eikiami deminu y ai, eiksmažo-
džių i būd a džių abs ak ai, p ie eiksmiai, daik a a džių su p iesagomis - ojas, -ėjas ediniai.
30 One o he inno a ions o he BLKŽ is he in oduc ion and mo e equen use o he e ms
" wo-wo d" o " iple-wo d" o simply " eal names" as headings (Liu ke ičienė 2010: 147).
A icles and a icles 277
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
A. Juškos s a ed he p ocess o language s anda diza ion in he
dic iona y, which was con inued by J. Jablonskis, was signi ican o he
his o y o Li huanian common language. The main speake and he au ho o
he dic iona y, and he edi o chose he e ening high-le el speake . J.
Jablonskis was con inced ha a dic iona y o he common Li huanian language, w i en in a language unde s ood by e e yone, was needed.
3. As he i s s anda d dic iona y o he common language and he sou ce o
new e ms, J. Jablonski's Ou Dic iona y was signi ican , which could g ow
in o a dic iona y o he Li huanian w i en language. J. Jablonskis himsel was
unable o w i e a dic iona y o he Li huanian language, bu his wo ks
con ibu ed a lo o he p epa a ion o such a dic iona y.
4. J. Jablonskio lūkesčius pa ially implemen ed he dic iona y o he Li huanian
language, whose edi o K. Būga also began his lexicog aphic pa h by edi ing he
dic iona y o A. Juškos. The Li huanian language dic iona y […] one o he mos
impo an de ini ions o he Li huanian language, s a ed a new s age in he
de elopmen o Li huanian lexicog aphy. The impo ance and signi icance o
he dic iona y da a o oday's esea ch is shown by se e al elec onic
e sions o he publica ions. 5. The ich and a ied ocabula y o he
Li huanian language has led o he p epa a ion o he Dic iona y o
Con empo a y Li huanian Language and o he edi ions (1972, 1993, 2000, 2003,
2006, 2012, 2021). When analyzing he a ious DLKZ edi ions, i is emphasized ha
he issues o wo d mac os uc u ing a e ele an o all edi ions, one o hem
is he selec ion o wo ds, and one o he mos impo an asks is he no maliza ion o he lexicon.
6. Elek oninis Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas – isai ki oks nei Daba inės
lie u ių kalbos žodynas iek leksikos sudė ies, iek pa ies žodyno s uk ū os i
he me hodology o p epa a ion. The main di e ence be ween his dic iona y
and he a ious edi ions o he DLKZ is he spelling and edi ing o he dic iona y
no only in alphabe ical o de , bu also in lexical seman ic g oups. BLK is p epa ed
aking in o accoun he cons an ly changing language si ua ion, new knowledge
ojimo po eikius, į naujausius bend inės kalbos y imo, no minimo ezul-
o he socie y and p es igious language qua e s, c i icism o o he
dic iona ies and ex s o his dic iona y. 7. Each cla i ying dic iona y o he
Li huanian language in one way o ano he ga e an impulse o hink abou a new
mo e pe ec dic iona y o ano he edi ion o i . Each o he dic iona ies
discussed had i s own con inui y, which encou aged us o mo e o wa d, o lea n om pas expe ience, no o epea mis akes, and o ind new ways o composing and edi ing.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
278 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The abb e ia ion
Als […] Als […]dži, Plunges . is loca ed in he dis ic o Als […]dži.
Puš […] Púšalo as, illage o Pãs alio
Skap, Skp […] Skãpiškis, Kùpiškio . is loca ed in he dis ic o Skap.
Vkš […] Viekšnia[…], Maže[…]kių . is loca ed in he dis ic o Maže[…]kių.
ŠALTINIAI IR SUTRUMPINIMAI
BLKŽ – Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas, ed. kolegija D. Liu ke ičienė,
D. Mu mulai y ė, V. Sakalauskienė, A. G i ėnienė, A. Gaidienė, D. Daugi dienė, L.
Jonušys, edi o -in-chie D. Liu ke ičienė, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
2013[…]2022 Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e, Vilnius, 2013 […]2022 I is a ailable on he In e ne a h ps: h ps:
bend ines-lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas. DLKŽ1 […] Con empo a y Li huanian language
dic iona y, answe . ed. J. K uopas, 1s edi ion, Vilnius: S a e publishing house o
poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e, 1954. DLKŽ2 […] Con empo a y Li huanian language dic iona y, answe . ed. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
DLKŽ3 […] Con empo a y Li huanian language dic iona y, ed. S . Keinys, 3 d edi ion,
Vilnius: Publishing house o science and encyclopedias, 1993. DLKŽ4 […] Con empo a y
Li huanian language dic iona y, ed. S . Keinys, 4 h edi ion, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he
Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 2002. DLKŽ5e […] Con empo a y Li huanian
language dic iona y, edi ed by. S . Keinys, 5 h elec onic edi ion, Vilnius: Li huanian
Language Ins i u e, 2003. DLKŽ6e […] The cu en Li huanian language dic iona y, ed. This
is S . Keynes. 6 h ( hi d elec onic, ou h online) edi ion, Vilnius: Li huanian Language
Ins i u e, 2006. [The online e sion is no longe a ailable o he public since 2015.] DLKŽ7e
[…] Con empo a y Li huanian language dic iona y, ed. S . Keinys, 7 h (5 h online) edi ion,
upda ed e sion, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e, 2017. [The online e sion is no
longe a ailable o he public om 2022.] DLKŽ8e […] Con empo a y Li huanian language
dic iona y, ed. S . Keinys, 8 h (6 h elec onic online) edi ion, upda ed e sion, Vilnius:
Li huanian language ins i u e, 2021. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps:
ekalba.lki.l /daba ines-lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on
he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union.
JJK […] Jonas Jablonskis. He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . The
ma e ial o he Li huanian language dic iona y is s o ed in he Rank aščių sec ion o he V uble skių LMA lib a y, F-99.
A icles and a icles 279
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
J – Литовскiй словарь А. Юшкевича съ толкованiемъ словъ на русскомъ и польскомъ
языкахъ [Li o skij slo a ’ A. Juške iča s’ olko aniem’ slo ’ na usskom’ jazykach’],
he ou pu s. The second one, S . Pe e sbu g, 1904, I[…]LIX. LKND […] Miliūnai ė Ri a,
Aleksai ė Agnė. She is a membe o he Swedish Academy o Sciences. La ian
language upda e da abase, con inuous online da abase since 2011, sud. and a s. ed. R.
Miliūnai ė, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e. I is a ailable on he In e ne a
h ps: www.ekalba.lki.l . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
LKŽe […] Li huanian language dic iona y 1[…]20 (1941[…]2002), edi ed by he G. Nak inienė
J. Paulauskas, R. Pe okienė, V. Vi kauskas, J. Zaba skai ė, y . ed. G. Nak inienė,
College, e. a ian , Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2008 ( enewed e sion, 2018). I
is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: h pekalba.l /lie u iu-kalbos-zodynas.
LITERATŪRA
Balašai is An anas 1999: Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno Čikagos leidimas (1962). –
Gim oji kalba 5, 28–31.
Balašai is An anas 1999a: Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno Čikagos leidi -
mas (1962). – Gim oji kalba 6, 28–32.
Balašai is An anas 2018: Žodžiai i žodynai, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
Čepai ienė Gied ė, Lapinskienė Lionė, sud., 2010: A siminimai apie Joną
Jablonskį, Vilnius: Gim asis žodis.
Endzelīns Jānis 1971: Da bu izlase 1, Rīga: Zinā ne.
G i ėnienė Au elija 2017: Žodyno aizdinys Lie u ių kalbos žodyne. – Bend inė
kalba 90, 1–19.
Jakai ienė E alda 2005: Leksikog a ija, Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos
ins i u as.
JR – Jablonskio aš ai 4, ed. J. Balčikonis, Kaunas: Š ie imo minis e ijos leidinys, 1935.
Keinys S asys 2004: Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas pe penkiasdešim me ų. –
Kalbos kul ū a 77, 76–83.
Klima ičius Jonas 1997: Kas y a bend inės kalbos leksika? Samp a os, nuomonės
i p ie a ai. Žodyno p ak ika i eo ija. Va ojimo eikmės i p oblemos. – Lie u ių kal-
bo y os klausimai 37, 20–32.
K uopas Jonas 1998 [1968]: Rink iniai aš ai, Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų lei-
dybos ins i u as.

VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
280 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
Lybe is An anas 2009: Leksikog a ijos eo ija i p ak ika, sud. Z. Šimėnai ė, Vilnius:
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
Liu ke ičienė Danu ė 2006: Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas. Siekiamybė i ealy-
bė. – Leksikog a ija i leksikologija 1. Aiškinamųjų bend inės kalbos žodynų ak ualijos, ed.
kolegija D. Liu ke ičienė, R. Mikulskas, D. Mu mulai y ė, sud. R. Pe okienė, Vilnius:
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 9–33.
Liu ke ičienė Danu ė 2010: Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno s uk ū a, ikslai i
pe spek y os. – Kalbos kul ū a 83, 141–150.
Liu ke ičienė Danu ė, Mu mulai y ė Dai a 2015: Nuo Daba inės p ie
Bend inės lie u ių kalbos žodyno. – Leksikog a ija i leksikologija 5, sud. A. G i ėnienė,
ed. kolegija J. Gi čienė, L. Le ance ič, D. Liu ke ičienė, D. Mu mulai y ė,
V. Sakalauskienė, I. Zuicena, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 83–146.
LKŽi – Lie u ių kalbos žodyno ins ukcija, Vilnius: 1980.
Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2022: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o is o ija: kalbo y os aneksija,
Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
Nak inienė Ge ūda 2005: „Lie u ių kalbos žodyno“ aisymai elek oniniame a-
ian e. – Kalbos kul ū a 78, 191–203.
Nak inienė Ge ūda 2012: Elek oninio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno naujo ės. – Kalbos
kul ū a 85, 92–102.
Palionis Jonas 1995: Lie u ių ašomosios kalbos is o ija, Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklo-
pedijų leidykla.
Pi očkinas A noldas, sud., 1991: Jonas Jablonskis. S aipsniai i laiškai. Vilnius:
Mokslas.
Ru ko ska K is ina 2021: Leksikog a iniai šal iniai lie u ių kalbos pasaulė aiz-
džio y imuose. – Ve ybės lie u ių i lenkų kalbų pasaulė aizdyje 2. Liaudiškasis, au inis,
daugia au is i daugiakul ū is pa eldas, Vilnius, Liublinas: Vilniaus uni e si e o leidykla,
181–200.
Sabaliauskas Algi das 1997: Kazimie as Būga i lie u ių leksikog a ija. – Lie u ių
kalbo y os klausimai 37, 1–4.
Sakalauskienė Vilija 2010: Dialek izmų a anka daba inės i bend inės lie u ių
kalbos žodynuose. – Leksikog a ija i leksikologija 2. Jono K uopo 100-osioms gimimo
me inėms, sud. V. Sakalauskienė, A. Aukso iū ė, ed. kolegija O. Ka ae a, I. Lemeškin,
G. Nak inienė, R. Pe okienė, V. Sakalauskienė, J. Zaba skai ė, y . ed. Z. Šimėnai ė,
Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 295–305.
S aipsniai / A icles 281
Lie u ių kalbos aiškinamųjų žodynų aida,
sa i umas i a pusa io sąsajos
Sakalauskienė Vilija 2012: An ano Juškos lie u ių–lenkų kalbų žodyno a minė
medžiaga. – P iešauš io mokslas, kul ū a i š ie imas. Lau yno I inskio 200-osioms gimimo
me inėms (su CD), sud. A. Aukso iū ė, ed. kolegija D. Mikulėnienė, V. Sakalauskienė,
Z. Sawaniewska-Mochowa, V. Šaudiņa, P. Zemle ičiū ė, y . ed. A. Aukso iū ė,
Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 256–274.
Sakalauskienė Vilija 2021: Leksikog a inis Jono Jablonskio palikimas. – Kul ū os
s udijos Pane ėžyje. Jonas Jablonskis, sud. L. Lapinskienė, Pane ėžys: Komunikacijos
cen as „Kalba. Knyga. Kū yba“, 32–44.
Sawaniewska-Mochowa Zo ia 2002: Ze s udiów nad socjolek em d obnej szlach y
kowieńskiej XIX wieku (na pods awie słowników p zekładowych An oniego Juszkiewicza),
Bydgoszcz: Wydawnic wo Akademii Bydgoskiej im. Kazimie za Wielkiego.
Sawaniewska-Mochowa Zo ia 2014: Lie u iški XIX amžiaus e s iniai žody-
nai – egioninės lenkų kalbos y imų šal iniai. – Leksikog a ija i leksikologija 4, sud.
R. Pe okienė, ed. kolegija S. Be g-Olsen, O. Kažukauskai ė, D. Mu mulai y ė,
V. Sakalauskienė, Z. Sawaniewska-Mochowa, J. U bana ičienė, Vilnius: Lie u ių kal-
bos ins i u as, 123–138.
Tolu ienė Bi u ė 1961: An anas Juška leksikog a as. – Li e a ū a i kalba 5, 87–377.
U bu is Vincas 2010: Knygos apie žodžius, Vilnius: Vilniaus uni e si e o leidykla.
Vi kauskas Vy au as 2001: Baigian didįjį „Lie u ių kalbos žodyną“. – Kalbos kul-
ū a 74, 109–113.
Vosyly ė B onė 2002: K. Būga žodynininkas. – Kelias į didįjį Žodyną, sud. K. Mo kūnas,
K. Vosyly ė, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 50–80.
The De elopmen , Uniqueness
and In e ela ionship o Li huanian
Explana o y Dic iona ies
Summa y
In he 19 h cen u y, as a social, cul u al, and li e a y enaissance began, many Li huanian
in ellec uals ecognized ha , in addi ion o g amma books, dic iona ies could also help
de elop he Li huanian w i en language. Consequen ly, hey emba ked on he compila ion
o Li huanian language dic iona ies. The a icle e iews he de elopmen o cu en and
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
282 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
S anda d Li huanian language dic iona ies om he end o he 19 h cen u y o he i s decades
o he 21s cen u y. The explo a ion is g ounded in he analysis o he mos explana o y
p ominen dic iona ies o he e a and speci ic examples d awn om hese e e ences. The
a icle also sc u inizes he mos impo an p oblems ha he compile s o Li huanian
dic iona ies may ace. The empi ical basis o he s udy consis s o he da a om An anas
Juškas Li huanian-Polish dic iona y, he ca d index o Jonas Jablonskis, Ma e ial o he
Li huanian Language Dic iona y, Li huanian Language Dic iona y (LKD), a ious edi ions o he
Mode n Li huanian Language Dic iona y (DLKD) and he da a om he elec onic S anda d
Li huanian Language Dic iona y (BLKD). The Li huanian Polish Dic iona y, edi ed by he enowned
Li huanian lexicog aphe and olklo e collec o An anas Juška, s ands as one o he mos
ema kable lexicog aphic achie emen s o he 19 h cen u y. The impo ance and signi icance o
his dic iona y was also app ecia ed by Jonas Jablonskis, who ook he i s s eps in
lexicog aphic wo k by edi ing Juška's dic iona y. The wo k on he dic iona y encou aged he
linguis o collec ma e ial o a s udy o he S anda d Li huanian language, w i e he da a on
ca ds and ca alogue hem in a ca d index. Jablonski's aspi a ion o compile a Li huanian s anda d
language dic iona y ound p ac ical ealiza ion in he Li huanian Language Dic iona y, which
combines h ee di e en dic iona ies, encompassing w i en and dialec al o ms, ex s om
di e se his o ical pe iods, and mode n s anda d language. The weal h o di e se ma e ial wi hin
his dic iona y pa ed he way o he c ea ion o he Dic iona y o he Con empo a y
Li huanian Language (1954) and i s subsequen edi ions (1972, 1993, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2017, 2021).
The elec onic dic iona y o he s anda d Li huanian language, which is cu en ly being edi ed,
dis inguishes i sel by ea u ing a dis inc lexicon s uc u e and he me hodology o i s
compila ion. Each published dic iona y se ed as a ca alys , inspi ing he w i ing o a new and
mo e e ined dic iona y o he de elopmen o esh edi ions.
Deli e ed on 18 July 2023.
VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius,
Li huania Vilnius.sakalausk[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o owns and illages in Li huania.