VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

ORCID id: orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-7710

RESEARCH AREAS: ethnolinguistics, lexicography, lexicology.

DOI: doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2023.96.12

VALUES IN THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW OF LITHUANIAN AND POLISH: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO CULTURES

On September 7–9, 2023, an international interdisciplinary scientific conference Values in the Linguistic Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish. Cultural Aspects of Textology. Text–Texteme–Context¹ (Polish: Wartości w językowym obrazie świata polaków i litwinów. Kulturowe aspekty tekstologii. Tekst–tekstем–kontekst)² was held at the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University. It was organized by the Centre of Polish Studies at Vilnius University and the Department of Polish Textology and Grammar at the Institute of Linguistics and Literary Studies of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. This was already the fifth meeting of Lithuanian and Polish scholars, so a small but significant anniversary could be marked.

The first meetings of scholars from Lithuania and Poland (and not only these countries) interested in this field of research were cultural linguistics and cognitive ethnolinguistics seminars held in 2019 and 2020. Even then, they were more like international conferences, and in 2021 even the pandemic did not prevent an international conference devoted to the past and present in language and culture from taking place. It is worth briefly recalling the very beginnings of these scholarly meetings.

The first seminar in the scholarly and educational series Values in the Linguistic Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish³ was held in Vilnius on July 4–7, 2019. The seminar was organized by the Centre of Polish Studies at Vilnius University and Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin.

¹ This conference has already been written about; see Vilija Sakalauskienė. Conferences. – Native Language 10, 2023, 30–34.

² Conference website www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai5.php.

³ The seminar in Vilnius grew out of the long-standing (since 2015) and fruitful collaboration between scholars in Vilnius and Lublin, which was prompted by the implementation of the EUROJOS project. Conceived as a seminar on anthropological cultural and cognitive linguistics, it became an excellent opportunity to present the latest work and research areas. For more information about the seminar, see the website at http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai1.php.

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The Institute of Polish Philology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. The aim of this seminar was to become familiar with the methodology of cognitive ethnolinguistics, which is gaining popularity in Poland and other European countries, as well as in Lithuania, and which has a long history and significant scholarly achievements. It also sought to demonstrate how this methodology can be used in practice to describe selected cultural concepts (values, stereotypes). Presentations at the seminar were given by Lithuanian and Polish researchers, doctoral students, and students from Vilnius University (VU) Polonistics Centre, its Faculties of Philology and Philosophy, the Institute of the Lithuanian Language (LKI), the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (LLTI), the University of Latvia (LU), Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz (BKDU), the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences (LMA SI), and the Institute of Polish Philology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin (LMKSU). In total, 21 presentations and lectures by two invited speakers were heard. Professor Jerzy Bartmiński, founder of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics, spoke about the foundations and methods of cultural linguistics; Professor Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska discussed ways of explicating cultural concepts. Naglis Kardelis’s (VU) presentation emphasized the significance of the native language for fostering values and developing the individual; Irena Smetonienė’s (VU) presentation addressed the conception and hierarchy of the values most important to Lithuanians, as well as problems involved in classifying these values; and Kristina Rutkovska’s (VU) presentation focused on the specific features of how values are perceived in folk language and culture. Irena Fedorowicz and Kinga Geben (VU) discussed the representation of the values of Polish Lithuanians in poetic texts; Bronė Stundžienė (LLTI) examined the Lithuanian cultural landscape in folklore from the perspective of values; and Jūratė Pajėdienė (LKI) analysed the expression of the value system in everyday Samogitian discourse in the second half of the twentieth century. The seminar also analysed cultural concepts selected by the researchers, drawing on material from standard Lithuanian and Polish and their dialects. Marius Smetona (VU) presented lexicographic and questionnaire data on the concept EARTH; Joana Szadura (LMKSU) discussed the concept WEEK in language and reality; Birutė Jasiūnaitė and Jelena Konickaja (VU) examined metaphors of rain in Lithuanian and Russian poetic texts; Vilija Sakalauskienė (LKI) spoke about the image of the HUMAN in dialect discourse; and Vilija Ragaišienė (LKI) discussed the distinctiveness and changing nature of the image of the HUMAN in the Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Dialects. Karolina Slotvinska and Kristina Rutkovska (VU) examined the Lithuanian image of the MOTHER using questionnaire data; Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė (LKI) analysed the concept FRIEND in contemporary Lithuanian journalistic writing, drawing on forms of the noun draugas

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in the language of journalism; Beata Żywicka (LMKSU) revealed the concept NATION in contemporary Polish; and Marta Hartenberger (BKDU) presented the image of the POLE in media texts produced by residents of neighbouring countries. Monika Bogdzevič (VU) surveyed selected cognitive models of SHAME in Lithuanian, while Irena Snukiškienė (VU) revealed the cognitive image of TRUTH and LIE in Lithuanian proverbs. Researchers from LMKSU gave presentations on memory embodied in language (Damian Gocół), values associated with a specific place (Sara Akram), and gender and grammatical gender categories in Polish (Marta Nowosad-Bakalaczyk), among other topics.

The first meeting of scholars and researchers showed that it was worthwhile to continue collaborating and to pursue scholarly discussions. Accordingly, on September 24–25, 2020, the second seminar in the cognitive ethnolinguistics series of educational research events, Values in the Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish Languages, Folk, National, Multinational and Multicultural Heritage, was held at Vilnius University. Twenty-nine papers were presented. The seminar was attended by scholars and researchers from LMKSU, LMA SI, the Institute of the Polish Language of the Polish Academy of Sciences (LMA LKI), the University of Wrocław, the University of Silesia in Katowice (KSU), the Ignatianum Academy of Krakow’s Ignatianum Institute of Cultural Studies, the State Higher School of Eastern Europe in Przemyśl (PVAREM), the Institute of Slavic Studies at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (HVMLU), LKI, LLTI and VU. The speakers focused on analyzing values important to each culture. Professor Jerzy Bartmiński revealed two contrasting profiles of the concept through a cognitive definition of HOMELAND. Aleksandra Niewiara (KSU) discussed the place of images associated with nations and states in the cultural axiosphere, while the concept of PATRIOTISM in historical and contemporary Lithuanian-language discourse was explored in a paper by Marius Smetona (VU).

Methodological issues were also discussed at the seminar. Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska (LMKSU) shared her experience of identifying and studying concepts common to the Baltic and Slavic axiological systems on the basis of sources relating to folk heritage. Kristina Rutkovska (VU) emphasized the importance of lexicographic sources for research on the Lithuanian linguistic worldview and outlined principles for analysing them. Maciej Rakas (Jagiellonian University, JU) surveyed research on Polish dialect phraseology and its prospects, while Anna Tyrpa (LMA LKI) introduced approaches to research in dialect axiolinguistics.

As in the previous seminar, the presentations analysed concepts. Sylwia Gierczak (LMKSU) examined the concept RESPECT using questionnaire data; Monika Bogdzevič (VU) demonstrated the metaphorical conceptualization of ANGER, FEAR—

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—and SHAME; Irena Snukiškienė (VU), drawing on textual data, revealed the cognitive image of TRUTH. Beata Żywicka (PVAREM) discussed perceptions of people and the world in young people’s axiological space, while Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė (LKI) examined the image of the NEIGHBOUR in Lithuanian journalistic writing.

In other presentations, researchers drew on folklore, dialect texts, and lexicographic sources to analyse concepts characteristic of folk culture and reveal the people’s worldview. Irena Smetonienė (VU) presented the image of BREAD in terminological discourse, while Vilija Sakalauskienė (LKI) discussed ethnolinguistic information about RYE in Lithuanian lexicographic sources. Renatė Misevica-Trillitzscha (HVMLU) presented an axiological analysis of Antanas Juška’s (1875) Latvian–Lithuanian–Polish dictionary; Jūratė Pajedienė (LKI) revealed the contemporary person’s attitude towards mythological beings; Magdalena Wołoszyn (LMKSU) discussed the folk and poetic image of the GRASS SNAKE; and Tatjana Vologdina (University of Wrocław) analysed Polish motifs in Lithuanian incantations. Damian Gocół (LMKSU) discussed the use of folk beliefs in oral history texts, while Sara Akram (LMKSU) examined the axiological aspect of contemporary climate narratives. Vilija Ragaišienė (LKI) presented the variety of superstitions and advice in the Dictionary of the Southern South Aukštaitian Dialects; Joanna Szadura (LMKSU) discussed the idea of categorization in folk culture using aspen as an example; and Dalia Zaikauskienė (LLTI) presented ways of preserving resources of Lithuanian proverbs. Several speakers focused on analysing values: Kinga Geben and Irena Fedorowicz (VU) discussed the concept HOME; Karolina Slotvinska (VU), MOTHER; and Galina Miškinienė (LKI) and Kristina Rutkovska (VU), the image of the Virgin Mary.

The central idea of this international seminar was that the values fostered by linguistic and cultural communities that are different yet closely related encourage the strengthening of national consciousness and ensure the continuity, preservation, understanding, and dissemination of ethnic culture.

On 7–8 October 2021, participants gathered for the third time at an international event devoted to the exploration and study of Lithuanian and Polish values. The seminars thus gave way to an international interdisciplinary scholarly conference entitled Values in the Worldview of the Lithuanian and Polish Languages. Past and Present in Language and Culture⁴. The conference was organized by the VU Polonistics Centre and the Department of Textology and Grammar of the Polish Language at the Institute of Polish Philology, LMKU.

⁴ For more details about the conference, see http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai3.php.

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and the Commission on Communication Ethics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. During the two-day conference, 41 papers were presented and heard.

Invited speakers discussed cultural linguistics (ethnolinguistics) and linguoculturology as a link between two closely related disciplines—language and culture (Jerzy Bartmiński), and profiling as a tool for reconstructing a basic image (Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska). The conference papers sought, through selected values, to reveal what languages have in common and how they differ, as well as what determines the connections and boundaries of intercultural communication. Today, not only values—friendship, goodwill, respect, tolerance, and justice—but also anti-values—war, enslavement, terror, conflict, deceit, dispute, humiliation, fear, and others—are important, since negative and socially harmful phenomena ultimately erode identity, humiliate, threaten, and encourage the exploitation of people. The papers explored such values as GOODWILL (Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė, LKI), POLITENESS (Alla Krawczuk, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, LNIFU), RESPONSIBILITY (Beata Żywicka, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce), and FREEDOM (Alena Rudenka, Belarusian State University).

The conference sought answers to questions such as what value DIALECTS have, whether a dialect itself is a value (Daiva Aliūkaitė, VU), and whether DEATH (Vilija Ragaišienė, LKI), WAR (Sara Akram, LMKSU), and CRISIS (Magdalena Wołoszyn, LMKSU) are values or anti-values. The axiological aspects of ANGER, FEAR, and SHAME in the Lithuanian linguistic worldview were discussed (Monika Bogdzevič-Haber, VU), and a reconstruction of STUPIDITY was presented. Drawing on linguistic data (Dorota Zdunkiewicz-Jedynak, University of Warsaw), the cognitive image of LYING in Lithuanian and English texts was analyzed (Irena Snukiškienė, VU), as was DECEIT in Lithuanian lexicographic sources (Vilija Sakalauskienė, LKI); manifestations of DISRESPECT were discussed on the basis of questionnaire data (Sylwia Gierczak, LMKSU), as were various forms of violence in Polish and Lithuanian folk tales (Wioleta Wróblewska, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń). The forms of memory and remembering, as well as oblivion and forgetting, were also discussed. These phenomena are highly important for interpreting ancient history comprehensively and understanding its impact on the present.

In papers addressing evaluation in the Lithuanian and Polish linguistic worldviews through the use of linguistic data, relations between nature and

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humans were examined (Asta Leskauskaitė, LKI), as were ways of addressing plants in Polish folklore (Sara Orzechowska, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń); the discussion explored how the beast is understood in the Lithuanian linguistic worldview and what physical and psychological characteristics are attributed to it (Silvija Papaurėlytė-Klovienė, Šiauliai State College). The relationship between birds of prey and negative phenomena in human life in Lithuanian and Slavic ethnic culture was revealed (Birutė Jasiūnaitė, Jelena Konickaja, VU), values and anti-values in Lithuanian and Slavic ornithonymic phraseology were analyzed (Diana Plachovičiūtė, VU), and the question of what water means to Lithuanians was explored through the concepts of SOURCE and SPRING (Irena Smetonienė, VU).

Historical and contemporary materials used in the research were also discussed and analyzed, including various types of linguistic data (lexicographic sources, old writings, textual and historical documents, journalism, questionnaire surveys, and folklore of various genres): sermons by Jurgis Ambroziejus Pabrėža (1771–1849) on the eighth commandment of God (Jūratė Pajėdienė, LKI); the collocational properties of the word valdžia in contemporary Polish (Ołesia Sływyńska, LNIFU); the vocabulary of the coronavirus pandemic in Lithuanian (Agnė Aleksaitė, LKI; Rita Urnežiūtė, Centre for Scientific and Encyclopaedia Publishing); the cognitive image of the NOBILITY in Polish literary and folk narratives (Karolina Slotvinska, VU); the STEREOTYPE OF THE FRENCHMAN and its profiles in Polish folk culture (Monika Łaszkiewicz, LMKSU); the contemporary stereotype of the Pole and the Ukrainian, based on questionnaire surveys of Polish students (Olga Fylypec, LNIFU); signs of values encoded in folk riddles (Kristina Rutkovska, VU); and culturemes and their evaluation (Maciej Rak, JU).

The wide-ranging discussions brought the past closer, showed changes in particular social phenomena, and revealed their relationship with the present. The choice of diverse cultural forms and manifestations made it possible not only to examine selected groups of values in depth, but also to identify new ones by interpreting them in the context of Lithuanian and Polish concepts.

On 8–10 September 2022, the fourth meeting in the scientific and educational series Values in the Lithuanian and Polish Linguistic Worldviews⁵ was held. It was a much larger event than the three previous meetings, held in 2019, 2020, and 2021. International researchers were invited to the Commission on Sociolinguistics, accredited by the

⁵ For more on the conference, see http://www.sociolingvistika2022.flf.vu.lt/programa2.

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The International Committee of Slavists’ 6th international scientific conference, The Borderlands of Slavia at the Turn of the 20th and 21st Centuries: Language–Society–Culture–Identity, and the cultural linguistics workshop from the series The Sociolinguistic Aspects of Slavic Languages. One of the main tasks of the workshops was to establish a methodological basis for describing cultural phenomena documented in Lithuanian and Polish. The academic meeting focused on the cultures of Polish, Lithuanian, and other nations. Accordingly, conference papers addressed the presentation of dialect vocabulary in cultural dictionaries and borderland cultures. The aim was also to share information about ethnolinguistic research conducted in Lithuania and Poland, the research objects of two disciplines—cultural linguistics (ethnolinguistics) and linguoculturology—and to consider them in the broader context of research on language, culture, and identity conducted in Europe. In the section devoted to ethnolinguistics, Professor Józef Kąś (JU) introduced conference participants to issues concerning ethnolinguistic and dialect dictionaries and the structure of dialect dictionaries; Halina Karaś (University of Warsaw) emphasized the importance of dictionaries in documenting dialect vocabulary, while Vilija Ragaišienė (LKI) analyzed the dialect dictionary as a source of a speech community’s values. Maciej Rak (JU) explained what culturemes are and how they can be studied; Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semenienė (LKI) explored the concept of patience in journalistic writing through different forms of the adjective patient; Silvija Papaurėlytė-Klovienė (Šiauliai State College) discussed the concept of BROTHER in public discourse in Lithuania; and Magdalena Wołoszyn (LMKSU) addressed the concept of HOMELAND in presidential discourse. The similarities and differences in COVID- and war-related vocabulary in Latvian, Lithuanian, and Russian were presented in a paper by Evija Liparte and Dite Liepa (LU), while Sara Akram (LMKSU) highlighted war as a boundary of humanity. A separate session was devoted to folk-culture symbols. Papers presented there addressed the image of the LADYBUG in Lithuanian poetry (Rūta Kazlauskaitė, VU Šiauliai Academy), the STORK in Lithuanian and Slavic linguocultures (Birutė Jasiūnaitė and Jelena Konickaja, VU), and the linguistic-cultural picture of plants in Lithuanian lexicographic sources, represented through ethnolinguistic information on OATS in Vilija Sakalauskienė’s (LKI) paper. Giuliano Gajetti (JU) presented phraseology associated with the Baltic and Slavic god of thunder, while Viktorija Ušinskienė (VU) discussed names for the color blue in Lithuanian and Polish. The cultural linguistics workshops welcomed not only experienced ethnolinguists but also doctoral students and emerging researchers in cultural linguistics.

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The 2023 conference continued a series of meetings that had examined names for values embedded in language, which form the basis of identity and promote dialogue between nations, strengthening understanding and closer ties. At the conference⁶, attention focused on questions of text and textology. The theoretical section discussed cultural text, its varieties, and its use in research on ethnic identity; explored theoretical problems in textology; presented textological analyses of early writings; considered text as a source of self-expression; further examined values and anti-values from various linguistic perspectives; and investigated concepts and images important to folk culture. As in previous years, doctoral students and emerging researchers in cultural and axiological linguistics were invited to the conference.

Around 50 researchers participated in the conference in person and remotely, from LMKSU, LMI SI, LMA LKI, JŪ, LKI, LKTI, VU and VU Šiauliai Academy, the Ivan Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies in Lviv (LIKUSI), the University of Wrocław, and the University of Silesia (Katowice). A total of 43 papers were delivered. The studies presented were based on a variety of empirical data sources—early writings and dictionaries, terminological dictionaries and other explanatory dictionaries, contemporary texts, corpora, poetry, folklore, student essays, and questionnaire survey data. The source data were presented in Lithuanian, Polish, Spanish, Russian, and Belarusian.

Fourteen papers were delivered in three plenary sessions. The first plenary session focused on theoretical problems in textology. Professor Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska discussed textology as a discipline integrating linguistics and literary studies, as well as the significance of textological studies for ethnolinguistics. She emphasized the importance to ethnolinguistics of the fact that the mechanisms of text creation are grounded in culturally established models of life, and that these models can be identified from the structure of a text. Anna Pajdzińska (LMKSU) highlighted the distinctive features of poetic texts—their particular mode of linguistic composition and aesthetic effect—while Aleksandra Niewiara (University of Silesia) examined the inheritance of cultural information in her paper. Tetiana Jastremska (LIKUSI) explored the understanding of dialect worldviews and the particularities of modeling them. Marta Wójcicka (LMKSU) discussed collective identity, grounded in an image of the past, in cultural texts.

⁶ Conference abstracts available online: http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/public/Tezes_2023_maketas-GERAS.pdf.

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One of the plenary sessions was also devoted to the textological analysis of early writings. Maria Trawińska (LMA SI) discussed a particularly interesting source for research: documents from the lands of medieval Poland. Jūratė Pajėdienė (LKI) revealed the cultural significance of literal translations in 18th- and 19th-century sermons, their correspondences, and the possibilities for comparing these texts. Kristina Rutkovska (VU) focused on the paratexts of multilingual and translated texts and their significance.

The other 29 papers explored cultural concepts such as the axiological dimension of WORK in the linguistic and cultural worldview of Polish rural residents, discussed by Anna Piechnik (JU); the concept of HOMELAND, addressed by Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska (LMKSU) and Alena Rudenka (LMA SI); PATRIOTISM, discussed by Marius Smetona (VU); and DEMOCRACY, examined by Irena Smetonienė (VU). The linguistic-cultural image of the world was also investigated: Sebastian Wasiuta (LMKSU) revealed the semantics of FOREST in folk songs about soldiers and war, while Vilija Sakalauskienė (LKI) analyzed the concept of WHEAT, emphasizing the significance of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries as cultural texts that reveal the cultural context in which a word functions. Ilona Kulak (JU) introduced folk plant names and their evaluation, while Vilija Ragaišienė (LKI) revealed similarities and differences between the concepts of MOTHER-IN-LAW and DAUGHTER-IN-LAW.

Several papers examined cultural phenomena of the past from different perspectives and sought connections with the present. Drawing on letters from the priest Remigijus Kosakovskis to the priest Marcin Poczobut-Odlanicki, Regina Jakubėnas (VU) presented images of the Vilnius Academy and the Parisian scholarly milieu. Damian Gocół (LMKSU) spoke about the memory of the Kresy (the borderlands of the Polish state) in reports by the Oral History Studio of Lublin Radio, while Tomasz Jelonek (JU) discussed the traditional value system of rural residents as reflected in unofficial place names. Two papers drew on folk-belief data: Tatjana Vologdina (University of Wrocław) analyzed the expulsion of illness in Lithuanian incantations, while Katarzyna Konczewska (LMA LKI) examined folk magic and demonology in the linguistic worldview of the Polish-Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands.

Considerable attention was devoted to so-called anti-values: Dorota Pazio-Włazłowska (LMA LKI) explored the concept of FAT PERSON in Polish children’s literature, while Irena Snukiškienė (VU) revealed the concept of LYING in contempor-

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In Polish-language texts, Jelena Kirejeva and Miroslavas Stasilo (VU) investigated how negative feelings (anger, hatred) toward politicians are expressed online in Lithuanian and French; in her presentation, Nida Poderienė (LKI) analyzed the expression of identity and values in the written language of lower-secondary school students in the upper grades studying in Polish and Lithuanian, and discussed similarities and differences according to home language and gender.

At another session, Viktorija Ušinskienė (VU) explored the semantics of colors (the color gray); Marta Hartenberger (BGDU) presented the image of the mother in Polish media texts; Birutė Jasiūnaitė and Jelena Konickaja (VU) analyzed anthropomorphic metaphors of stars in Lithuanian and Russian poetry; Veslava Čižik-Prokaševa (LKI) examined the image of the German woman in the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian; and Rūta Kazlauskaitė (VU ŠA) discussed the image of the flowering marsh marigold in Lithuanian poetry.

Doctoral students also participated actively in the conference. Their presentation topics included the concept of culturemes in Spanish linguistics (Violeta Švaikovskaja, LLTI), the influence of Polish and Latin on Konstantinas Sirvydas’s 1642 dictionary (Silvestras Buiko, VU), and Jan Karłowicz’s activities, analyzed on the basis of his letters to Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis, in a presentation by Szymon Grabiński (JU). Diana Plachovičiūtė (LLTI), who spoke about the rooster in Lithuanian and Slavic phraseology, and Aida Rymševič, who discussed the house in Lithuanian and Polish riddles, continued the folklore and mythology themes.

At the closing plenary session, Text as a source of self-expression, the talks addressed the identity of the Lemko ethnic group (Małgorzata Misiak, University of Wrocław), the rural home as a value (Halina Kurek, JU), embroidered fabric bags or covers (Polish makatka) hung on the wall as a cultural text (Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska, LMA SI), bourgeoisness in the Lithuanian linguistic worldview and what may be described as bourgeois (Silvija Papaurelytė-Klovienė, LKI), and the concept of ATTACHMENT in journalism (Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė, LKI).

Like the previous gatherings, this meeting of scholars will be given lasting form in a collection of articles prepared on the basis of the presentations. The collection will be significant for further research into the values of ethnic communities united by a shared history and cultural space, for continued cooperation, and for better intercultural understanding through the tools and methods of language and culture research. Following the previous seminars and conferences, three peer-reviewed collections of

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articles were published: Values in the Lithuanian and Polish Linguistic Worldviews. They were edited by Kristina Rutkovska and Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska. The first two—Theoretical Premises and Interpretations and Folk, National, Multinational and Multicultural Heritage—were published by Vilnius University Press, while the third, entitled The Past and the Present in Language and Culture, was published in Kraków by the internationally recognized publishing house Księgarnia akademicka. The linguistic study of values, pursued in Lithuania and Poland, represents not only a continuation of Lithuanian and Polish research traditions but also an opportunity to expand the scope of the international EUROJOS project.

Received 5 December 2023

VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

5 Petro Vileišio St., LT-10308 Vilnius

[email protected]

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