Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje: dviejų kultūrų panašumai ir skirtumai

226 common language | 96 VILIJA SAKALAUSKIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas oRciD id: orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-7710 Research fields: ethnolinguistics, lexicography, lexicology. Doi: doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2023.96.12 World in Picture: Two Cultures Similarities iR differences On September 7-9, 2023, the Faculty of Philology of Vilnius University hosted an international interdisciplinary scientific conference on Values in the Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish Languages. Cultural aspects of textology. Text-text-context2), which was organized by the Centre for Polish Studies of Vilnius University and the Department of Polish Textology and Grammar of the Institute of Linguistics and Literature of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. This is already the fifth meeting of Lithuanian and Polish scientists, so we can celebrate a small but significant anniversary. The beginning of the meetings of Lithuanian and Polish (and not only Polish) researchers interested in this field of research are seminars on cultural linguistics and cognitive ethnolinguistics, held in 2019 and 2020, which already reminded more of international conferences, and in 2021 even the pandemic did not prevent the organization of an international conference dedicated to the past and present in language and culture. it is worth recalling at least briefly the very beginning of these scientific meetings. The first scientific educational seminar of the series Values in the worldview of Lithuanian and Polish languages3 was held in Vilnius on July 4-7, 2019. The seminar was organized by the Center for Polish Studies of Vilnius University and Lublin 1. conferences. – Native Language 10, 2023, 30–34. 2 Conference website www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai5.php. 3 seminar in Vilnius grew out of long-term (since 2015) and meaningful cooperation between Vilnius and Lublin scientists, which was stimulated by the implementation of the project euRoja. designed as a seminar on anthropological cultural and cognitive linguistics, it became a great opportunity to present the latest work and research spaces. More information about the seminar can be found at http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai1.php. 227 Vilija SakalauSkienė. Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje: dviejų kultūrų panašumai ir skirtumai Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Institute of Polish Philology. The aim of this seminar was to familiarize with the increasingly popular methodology of cognitive ethnolinguistics in Poland and other European countries, as well as in Lithuania, which has a long history and significant scientific achievements. It was also aimed at revealing how this methodology can be used to describe selected cultural concepts (values, stereotypes) in practice. Lithuanian and Polish researchers, doctoral students and students from Vilnius University (VU) Centre for Polish Studies, Faculties of Philology and Philosophy, Lithuanian Language Institute (Lki), Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Institute (LLti), University of Latvia (Lu), Bydgoszcz Kazimierz Wielki University (bkDu), Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Slavic Studies (Lma si), Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (Lmksu) Institute of Polish Philology presented their papers. A total of 21 presentations and two guest speakers were heard. Professor Jerzy Bartmiński, founder of the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School, spoke about the foundations and methods of cultural linguistics, while Professor Stanisława Niebrzegovska-Bartmińska spoke about ways of explaining cultural concepts. The presentation of naglio kardelis (vu) emphasized the importance of mother tongue for the cultivation of values and the development of personality, the presentation of irena smetonienė (vu) – the concept and hierarchy of the most important values for Lithuanians and the problems of classification of these values, kristina Rutkovska (vu) – the peculiarities of the perception of values in folk language and culture. The presentation of Lithuanian Polish values in poetic texts was discussed by irena Fedorowicz and kinga geben (vu), the Lithuanian cultural landscape in folklore from a value aspect – bronė stundžienė (LLti), the expression of the value system in the everyday discourse of the Samogitians of the second half of the 20th century was analyzed by jūratė Pajėdienė (Lki). The seminar also analyzed the cultural concepts chosen by the researchers, based on the material of Lithuanian and Polish common languages and dialects. The lexicographical and questionnaire data of the concept Earth were presented by marius smetona (vu), the concept of the week in language and reality was discussed by joana szadura (Lmksu), metaphors of rain in Lithuanian and Russian poetic texts were examined by birutė jasiūnaitė and jelena konickaja (vu), the image of Man in dialectal discourse was discussed by vilija sakalauskienė (Lki), and the uniqueness of the image of Man and its change in the dictionary of Southern Southern Highland dialects was discussed by vilija Ragaišienė (Lki). The Lithuanian picture of the mother was analyzed by karolina slotvinska and kristina Rutkovska (vu), the concept of DRaugo, based on the forms of the noun draugas in contemporary Lithuanian. 228 common language | 96 languages in journalism, analyzed by Loreta vaičiulytė-semėnienė (Lki), concept of nation in contemporary Polish language revealed by beata Żywicka, cognitive models of gender in Lithuanian language reviewed by monika bogdzevič (vu), cognitive picture of truth and lie in (Lmksu), Lenko paveikslą kaimyninių šalių gyventojų kuriamuose žiniasklaidos tekstuose pateikė marta Hartenberger (bkDu). Pasirinktus Lithuanian paremias revealed by irena snukiškienė (vu). Researchers from Lmksu read reports on memory embodied in language (Damian gocól), on values associated with a specific place (sara akram), on gender and grammatical gender categories in Polish (marta nowosad-bakalaczyk) and others. The first meeting of scientists and researchers showed that it is worthwhile to continue cooperation and scientific discussions. Therefore, on 24-25 September 2020, Vilnius University hosted the second seminar of the scientific educational cycle Values in the worldview of Lithuanian and Polish languages on cognitive ethnolinguistics Folk, national, multinational and multicultural heritage. 29 reports were read. The seminar was attended by scientists and researchers from Lmksu, Lma si, Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Polish Language (Lma Lki), University of Wroclaw, University of Silesia in Katowice (ksu), Ignatianum Institute of Cultural Studies of the Academy of Krokuva, Peremysl State Higher School of Eastern Europe (PvaRem), Halle-Wittenberg Martin Luther University (HvmLu) Institute of Slavic Studies, Lki, LLti, vu. The speakers focused on the analysis of values important to each culture. Prof. Jerzy Bartmiński, through the cognitive definition of the homeland, revealed two contrasting profiles of this concept. The place of images related to nations and states in the axiosphere of culture was discussed by aleksandra niewiara (ksu), the concept of patriotism in the historical and contemporary discourse of the Lithuanian language was discussed in the presentation of marius smetona (vu). methodological issues were also discussed. stanisława niebrzegowska-bartmińska (Lmksu) shared her experience on how to identify and investigate common concepts of the Baltic and Slavic axiological system based on sources of folk heritage. kristina Rutkovska (vu) emphasized the importance of lexicographical sources for the study of the Lithuanian language worldview and the principles of their analysis. maciejus Rakas (Jogailas University, ju) presented an overview of the research on Polish dialectal phrasematics and their prospects, and anna tyrpa (Lma Lki) introduced the methods of research on dialectal axiolinguistics. as in the previous seminar, the presentations analyzed concepts. sylwia gierczak (Lmksu) analyzed the concept of forgiveness based on questionnaire data, monika bogdzevič (vu) showed the metaphorical conceptualization of anger, fear and shame, irena snukiškienė (vu), based on textual data, revealed the cognitive picture of truth. The perception 229 Vilija SakalauSkienė. Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje: dviejų kultūrų panašumai ir skirtumai of man and the world in the axiological space of youth was discussed by beata Żywicka (PvaRem), the image of the neighbor in Lithuanian publicistics – Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė (Lki). In other reports, in analyzing concepts characteristic of folk culture and in order to reveal the worldview of the nation, reference was made to folklore, dialect texts and lexicographic sources. irena smetonienė (vu) presented the image of bread in dialectal discourse, vilija sakalauskienė (Lki) – ethnolinguistic information about the word “bread” in Lithuanian lexicographic sources. The axiological analysis of the Latvian-Lithuanian-Polish dictionary of antanas juška (1875) was presented by Renate misevica-trillitzscha (HvmLu), the attitude of modern man to mythological creatures was revealed by Jūratė Pajėdienė (Lki), the folk and poetic image of ŽaLČ – magdalena Wołoszyn (Lmksu), Polish motifs in Lithuanian incantations were analyzed by tatjana vologdina (wroclaw university). Damian gocół (Lmksu) discussed the use of folk beliefs in narrative history texts, sara akram (Lmksu) examined the axiological aspect of contemporary climate narratives. Vilija Ragaišienė (Lki) presented the variety of preconceptions and advice in the vocabulary of the Southern Southern Highlander speakers, joanna szadura (Lmksu) spoke about the idea of categorization in folk culture according to the example of treble, Dalia zaikauskienė (LLti) presented forms of storage of Lithuanian paremijų resources. Several speakers paid attention to the analysis of values: the concept of the house – kinga geben and irena Fedorowicz (vu), the mother – karolina slotvinska (vu), the picture of the Virgin Mary – galina miškinienė (Lki) and kristina Rutkovska (vu). The essential idea of this international seminar was that the values cherished by different, but at the same time close linguistic cultural communities promote the strengthening of national self-consciousness, ensure the continuity, preservation, recognition and dissemination of ethnic culture. On October 7-8, 2021, for the third time an international event dedicated to the search and research of Lithuanian and Polish values was held. The seminars were replaced by an international interdisciplinary scientific conference entitled Values in the Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish Languages. Past and present in language and culture4. The conference was organized by the Centre for Polish Studies, the Department of Textology and Grammar of the Polish Language of the Institute of Polish Philology of the LMU 4. For more information about the conference see http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/lt/seminarai3.php. 230 common language | 96 and the Commission on Communication Ethics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. During the two-day conference, 41 papers were read and heard. invited speakers talked about cultural linguistics (ethnolinguistics) and language-culturalology as the interface of two closely related disciplines – language and culture (jerzy bartmiński), profiling as a tool for reconstructing the basic image – stanisława niebrzegowska-bartmińska. The conference reports aimed at revealing what languages have in common and what is different, and on what the links and boundaries of intercultural communication depend, through selected values. At the moment, not only values – friendship, goodwill, respect, tolerance or justice are important, but also anti-values – war, enslavement, terror, conflict, deceit, quarrel, humiliation, fear, etc., because negative and harmful to society phenomena in the long run destroy identity, humiliate, threaten, encourage the exploitation of people. The presentations addressed such values as goodness (Loreta vaičiulytė-semėnienė, Lki), mankind (alla krawczuk, Lviv National Ivan Franko University, LniFu), responsibility (beata Żywicka, University of Natural and Human Sciences, Sedlec), freedom (alena Rudenka, Belarusian State University). answers were sought to the questions, what is the value of the dialect, whether the dialect itself is a value (Daiva aliūkaitė, vu), or death (vilija Ragaišienė, Lki), war (sara akram, Lmksu), kRizė (magdalena Wołoszyn, Lmksu) – values or antivalues. Axiological aspect of Anger, Fear and Shame feelings in Lithuanian linguistic worldview was discussed (monika bogdzevič-Haber, vu), reconstruction of the fool was presented. Based on linguistic data (Dorota zdunkievicz-jedynak, University of Warsaw), the cognitive image of lies in Lithuanian and English texts (irena snukiškienė, vu) was analyzed, lies in Lithuanian lexicographic sources (vilija sakalauskienė, Lki), manifestations of disrespect based on questionnaire data (sylwia gierczak, Lmksu), various forms of violence in Polish and Lithuanian folk tales (Wioleta Wróblewska, University of Toruń). The forms of memory and remembrance, as well as oblivion and forgetfulness were discussed. these phenomena are very important in order to comprehensively interpret ancient history and understand their impact on the present. In the papers, the themes of which are related to the evaluation of the Lithuanian and Polish language worldview using linguistic data, 231 Vilija SakalauSkienė. Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje: dviejų kultūrų panašumai ir skirtumai human relationships (asta Leskauskaitė, Lki), ways of addressing plants in Polish folklore (sara orzechowska, Toruń University of Nicolaus Copernicus), how the beast is perceived in the Lithuanian language worldview, what physical and mental characteristics are attributed to it (silvija Papaurėlytė-klovienė, Šiauliai State College), the relationship of birds of prey and negative phenomena of human life in Lithuanian and Slavic ethnic cultures was revealed (birutė jasiūnaitė, jelena konickaja, vu), values and anti-values in Lithuanian and Slavic ornithological phraseology were analyzed (Diana Plachovičiūtė, vu), the answer to what water is for Lithuanians was sought through the concepts of source and source (irena smetonienė, vu). discussed and analyzed historical and contemporary material used for research – linguistic data of various kinds (lexicographic sources, ancient writings, textual, historical documents, journalism, questionnaire surveys and folklore of various genres): the sermons of Jurgis Ambroziejus Pabrėžos (1771–1849) on the 8th commandment of God (jūratė Pajėdienė, Lki), the power of the word in the modern Polish language (ołesia sływyńska, LniFu), the vocabulary of the coronavirus pandemic in the Lithuanian language (agnė aleksaitė, Lki; Rita urnėžiūtė, Science and Encyclopedias Publishing Center), the cognitive image of the nobility in Polish literary and folk narratives (karolina slotvinska, vu), the stereotype of the French and its profiles in Polish folk culture (monika łaszkiewicz, Lmksu), based on questionnaires of Polish students – the contemporary stereotype of the Polish and Ukrainian (olga Fyłypec, LniFu), values encoded in folk riddles (kristina Rutkovska, vu), cultural themes and their evaluation (maciej Rak, ju). Diverse discussions allowed us to approach the past, show changes in certain social phenomena and reveal their relationship with the present. Selected various forms and expressions of culture gave an opportunity not only to delve into the selected groups of values, but also to reveal new ones, interpreting the latter through Lithuanian and Polish conceptual contexts. On 8-10 September 2022, the fourth scientific educational meeting of the cycle Values in the Worldview of Lithuanian and Polish Languages5 took place. it was a lot 5 More about the conference see didesnis renginys nei trys ankstesni, vykę 2019, 2020 ir 2021 m. tarptautiniai tyrėjai buvo pakviesti į sociolingvistikos komisijos, akredituotos prie http://www.sociolingvistika2022.flf.vu.lt/programa2. 232 general meeting | 96 international committee of Slavistics, vi international scientific conference Slavic borders at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Language-society-culture-identity and cultural ling vistics workshops from the cycle Slavic language in sociolinguistics. One of the main tasks of the workshop was to create a methodological basis for describing cultural phenomena recorded in Lithuanian and Polish. The topic of the scientific meeting was Polish, Lithuanian and other cultures. Accordingly, the conference participants’ presentations were devoted to the presentation of dialectal vocabulary in cultural dictionaries and to border cultures. The aim of the conference was to share information about ethnolinguistic research in Lithuania and Poland, the objects of research of two disciplines – cultural linguistics (ethnolinguistics) and linguistic culture, and to review them in the broad context of language, culture and identity research in Europe. In the section dedicated to ethnolinguistics, professor jozefas konsis (ju) introduced the conference participants to the problems of ethnolinguistic and dialectal vocabulary and the structure of dialectal vocabulary, Halina karaś (University of Warsaw) emphasized the importance of dictionaries in recording dialectal vocabulary, and vilija Ragaišienė (Lki) analyzed dialectal vocabulary as a source of language community values. what are culturemes and how to investigate them, explained by maciejus Rakas (ju), the concept of patience in journalism according to different forms of the adjective kantrus, -i was investigated by Loreta vaičiulytė-semėnienė (Lki), the concept of bRoLi in the public discourse of Lithuania was discussed by silvia Papaurėlytė-klovienė (Šiaulių State College), the concept of homeland in the presidential discourse – magdalena Wołoszyn (Lmksu). The similarities and differences of the Latvian, Lithuanian and Russian vocabulary in the context of COVID-19 and war were shown in the presentation by evija Liparte and Dita Liepa (Lu), while war as the limit of humanity was highlighted in the presentation by sara akram (Lmksu). a separate session was devoted to symbols of folk culture. There were lectures on the image of the boRuŽe in Lithuanian poetry (Rūta kazlauskaitė, vu Šiaulių akademija), on ganDRa in Lithuanian and Slavic language culture (birutė jasiūnaitė and jelena konickaja, vu), linguistic cultural picture of plants in Lithuanian lexicographic sources reflected through ethnolinguistic information of aviŽa in the presentation of vilija sakalauskienė (Lki), phraseology related to the god of thunder in Baltic and Slavic languages was presented by giulianas gajetti (ju), names of the blue color in Lithuanian and Polish languages were discussed by viktorija ušinskienė (vu). Not only experienced ethnolinguists, but also doctoral students and newcomers in the field of cultural linguistics were invited to the workshop. 233 Vilija SakalauSkienė. Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje: dviejų kultūrų panašumai ir skirtumai The 2023 conference is a continuation of the previous meetings, which examined the names of values embedded in language, which form the basis of identity and promote dialogue between peoples, strengthen understanding and closer ties. conference6 focuses on text and textology issues. In the theoretical part, cultural text, its variations and use in ethnic identity studies, theoretical textology problems, textological analysis of ancient writings, text as a source of self-expression, values and anti-values discussed from various linguistic perspectives, concepts and images important for folk culture are discussed. As in previous years, the conference was open to doctoral students and young researchers in cultural and axiological linguistics. The conference was attended by about 50 researchers from Lmksu, Lmi si, Lma Lki, ju, Lki, Lkti, vu and vu Šiauliai Academy, Lviv Ivan Krypiakevičius Institute of Ukrainian Studies (Likusi), University of Wroclaw, University of Silesia (Katowice). total read 43 messages. The presented studies are based on various sources of empirical data – ancient writings and dictionaries, dialect dictionaries and other explanatory dictionaries, contemporary texts, textbooks, poetry, folklore, student essays, questionnaire survey data. sources data are presented in Lithuanian, Polish, Spanish, Russian, Belarusian languages. 14 reports were read in three plenary sessions. The first plenary session focused on the problems of theoretical textology. Textology as a discipline integrating linguistics and literary studies, and the importance of textology studies for ethnolinguistics were discussed by Professor Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska. She emphasized that it is important for ethnolinguistics that the mechanisms of text creation are based on culturally established life models, and life models can be recognized from the text structure. anna Pajdzińska (Lmksu) emphasized the specificity of the poetic text – the different linguistic creation of the poetic text, its aesthetic effect, aleksandra niewiara (University of Silesia) discussed the theme of the inheritance of cultural information. understanding of dialectal worldview and its modelling characteristics are discussed in the presentation of tetiana jastremska (Likusi). marta Wójcicka (Lmksu) discussed the collective identity based on the image of the past in the cultural text. 6 conference theses are available online: http://www.kulturinelingvistika.flf.vu.lt/public/ One of the plenary sessions was dedicated to textological analysis of ancient writings. maria trawińska (Lma si) discussed a particularly interesting source of research – the tezes_2023_maketas-geRas.pdf. 234 benDRinė kaLba | 96 documents of medieval Polish lands, jūratė Pajėdienė (Lki) revealed the cultural significance of literal translations of sermon texts from the 18th–19th centuries, their overlaps and the possibilities of comparing these texts, kristina Rutkovska (vu) focused on paratexts of multilingual and translated texts and their significance. Other 29 presentations explored the following cultural concepts: the axiological dimension of DaRbo in the linguistic and cultural worldview of Polish rural inhabitants discussed by Anna Piechnik (ju), the concept of homeland – by Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska (Lmksu) and Alena Rudenko (Lma si), Patriotism – by Marius Smetona (vu) and Democracy – by Irene Smetona (vu). Furthermore, the linguistic cultural image of the world was examined: sebastianas Wasiuta (Lmksu) revealed the semantics of the forest in folk songs about soldiers and war, vilija sakalauskienė (Lki) analyzed the concept of wheat, emphasizing the significance of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries as cultural texts, revealing the cultural context of word functioning. ilona kulak (ju) introduced the folk names of plants and their evaluation, vilija Ragaišienė (Lki) revealed the similarities and differences of the concepts of anyta and maRČia. Several papers looked at cultural phenomena of the past from different perspectives and sought their connections with the present. In the presentation of Regina Jakubėnaitė (vu), based on the letters of Rev. Remigijus Kosakovskis to Rev. Martinas Poczobut-Odlanickis, the image of the Vilnius Academy and the Paris scientific environment was shown, Damianas gocółas (Lmksu) spoke about the memory of the Kresy (the outskirts of the Polish state) in the reports of the Lublin Radio Studio of Oral History, Tomasz Jelonekas (ju) discussed the traditional system of values of rural inhabitants, reflected in the unofficial names of places. Two reports were based on folk beliefs: the expulsion of disease in Lithuanian incantations was analyzed by Tatjana Vologdina (University of Wroclaw), folk magic and demonology in the Polish, Belarusian and Lithuanian border linguistic world view – in the reports of Katarzyna Konczewska (Lma Lki). considerable attention was paid to the so-called antivalues: Dorota PazioWłazlowska (Lma Lki) was interested in the concept of stoRuLi in Polish children’s literature, irena snukiškienė (vu) revealed the concept of meLo in contemporary