4TO
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MpeAbILYLIHMH
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HHA,
KaK
Bynenka,
Ynunoxa
(oT
Oaa .
upé
'peka'),
Ha ona
(u3
Gan .
*Na -
up-/*Na -ap-,
cp.
1uT.
no e é,
mpyccK.
noa is
'kpanuBa'),
Kp o ka
(cp.
au .
K iau a,
npycck.
K eu ho,
K eu o),
Pemuc oeo
(cp.
npyccx.
Rames ow),
Tuscunxa,
Te iwunxa
(cp.
npycck.
Gezyelauken),
Bopmuxxa
(mpyccx.
Wo men),
Pydex
(u3
6an .
*Rudéja,
cp.
au .
Pyde,
Pydua.
Cnpo uc,
mpycck.
Rudenik,
Rudi en
u
ap.),
Ky6p
(cp.
au .
Kay6epumxu.
Cnpo uc,
Ziaubu ys
'BospbiueHHoe
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MoazunKa
(cp.
npycck.
Moleyn,
«HT.
Molupis,-ys,
Moauxe.
Cupo uc
u
ap.),
O eca
(u3
Gan .
*Akesa,
cp.
au .
Akelé),
Heeexa
(cp.
nu .
Ne ézis),
Koanu a
(nepenenka
6an .
HasBaHua,
cp,
mpycck.
Gulbi en),
Bopscaxxa
(cp.
Bepsca,
au .
Vi Zzu a),
[a6oa
(cp.
- axxe
Ta6enas,
Tobenxa,
To6ene,
Tobux,
Tobeck,
To6ea;
au .
Gabinés,
mpycck.
Gobayn,
Gabelin
uu
xe
a u.
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opexa;
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ais as
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[oaoxxa,
Jlo6xo,
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Canonca,
C ome ,
C oma xa,
Kap eas,
Tapuc a,
Bec eexxa,
Benpexxa,
Iloana,
Typocna
(Tpocxa),
Cydunxa,
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u
ap.
Takum
o6pa30M
Gacceiin
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mpemc apase
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110
KONHYeCTBY
THAPOHHMOB
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MO
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e
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pexe,
10
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ae
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u
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au .
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(cm.
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au .
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Vedega),
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au .
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a u.
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npycck.
Keiko ),
Bepacedxa
(cm.
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a),
JIok4s
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Jonaxxa
(cp.
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paynen,
au .
Lapinas,
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a u.
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cM.
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3azaTKa
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au .
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Caudxa
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Beuue),
oxxa
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au .
Lukné,
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au .
Liminas),
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mpycck.
A le,
au .
Opas.
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199
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au .
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213
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