Балтийская гидронимия Верхнего Поднепровья

„Pu3ytomne coGoii Gajirnickne cJioBa Myxckoro poja, INnepejaBaJiKCb COOT- BeTCTBeHHO MYXXCKHMH OGpa30BaHHAMH Ha CJIAaBSHCKOR nouse (-9, a nocJIe €ro KHC4Ue3HOBEHHSA — O, oTcyTcTBHE OJiekchu). UerkocTb riojj06Koli doKern- KO-MOpgOoJIOrHuecKOf cyGerHTYLKHH OGBACHANACH, NO-BHAHMOMY, HAJHYHEM 6a/iTo-C1aBAHCKOrO JBYSi3bIuHS B ONpe/leJIeHHYIO snoxy B Bepxuem Iloa- HenpoBbe. [lpaBna, onHoro Ha3BaHHOro YCJIOBHA GblJIO GB HELOCTATOYHO ans storo. [o-BuauMomy, pewaioulyio posh Cerpana ollylulaeMas HOCHTe- JAMH GJIH30CTh KOHTAKTHPYIOUMXCS SI3LIKOB, B YaCTHOCTH, NpHOJIH3HTEJIbHO ONMHAKOBbIH NpHHUHN NpOTHBONOCTABJIEHHS MYxXCKOTMO pojla X6HCKOMY, CP. Gant. -as (Myx. p.): -a (x. p.) =cnas. - (Myx. p.): -a (x. p.). Ilono6Hoe COOTBETCTBHE CO3/1aBAJIO YCJIOBHA AJ MOYTH aBTOMATHYECKOro Mepekaioye- HHA GaNTHIACKHX MMAPOHHMOB Ha -as, -US B CJAABSAHCKYIO ¢opmy Ha -. Ilpu TaKOM MEepPEeKJIOYeHHH COXpaHSAJIHCb BCe rpaMMaTHYeCKHe XapaKTepHCTHKH, 4TO GBIJIO BeCbMa BaXHO ANA OGOHX f3BIKOB. B CHJIY STHX NpHUHH MOHATHO OTCYTCTBHE -as, -us Kak B FHAPOHHMHYECKHX cjenax B Bepxuem Ilojnkenpo- Bbe, TAK H B GAJITHACKHX 3aMMCTBOBaHHAX (aneanaTHBax) B pycckHx H Ge- JIOpyccKHX rosopax. Tem GoJiee MOHATHO OTCYTCTBHE B GaATHIACKHX Ha3Ba- HHSX Boa B TloaHenpoBbe caMocTosATeNbHO GajJITHŪCKOTO THAPOHHMHYECKOTO THNA Ha -a. OH JOJIXXEH GBI NOJIHOCTbIO COBNACTh C COOTBETCTBYIONIHM CJ1a- BSHCKHM THIIOM C TOK JKe CaMoif XapaKTepHCTHKOMN JKeHcKoro poaa -a. IToa- HOe pacTBopeHHe GajTHHACKOrO rHAPOHUMMYECKOro THMA HA -a B NOAOGHOM CN1aBAHCKOM Obl10 OGJIETUEHO TEM OGCTOATENBLCTBOM, YTO H B CJAABSHCKHX H B 6anTHACKHX A3bIKAX 3TH OGpa30BAHHSA NPHMEPHO OAHHAKOBO YNOTPeGHTENb- Hbl B THADOHHMHH, MOCKOJIbKY OHH CBfI3aHbl COOTBETCTBEHHO CO CJIOBAMH JKEeHCKoro pona — peka, Gant. upé/ape. Ilostomy orcyTcTBHe GanTuiicKux THAPOHHMHYECKHX THNOB Ha -as, -us, -a B Bepxuem IlojuenpoBbe He o3Ha- 4aeT TOro, 4TO HX He OblIO 3aech paHbwe. Hao6opor, HX HaJnuHe 31ech B NIpOLIJIOM HECOMHEHHO, B UeM MOXXHO yGeAHThCS MPH 3THMOJOTHYECKOM aHa- JIH3€ HeNpOH3BOAHBIX T'MAPOHHMHYECKHX OCHOB GaJITHĖŪCKOTO NPOHCXOXKIe- Hus, Bee, uro Mb 3HaeM O GanTo-claBAHCKOM cuMGHO3e B Bepxuem ITox- HenpOBbe, JleJiaeT eCTeCTBEHHLIM TMOrJIOUIeHHe YNOMSHYTHIX GaJiTHAOCKHX THNOB; GoJiee CTPAHHBIM MNPEACTaBHJCSH Obl NMPOTHBOMOJOXKHBEI pe3yJibTAT. Heckoabko HHaue o6CTOSNIO AeI0 ¢ ycBOeHHeM GaaTHHCKHX THAPOHHMOB HKEHCKOro poja ¢ MATKOH Pa3sHOBHAHOCTHIO OCHOBbI Ha -@, Cp. JHT. Almé, Kurmé, Labé, Nevėžė, Taurė, IlockoJibky cOOTBETCTBYIOMAs MATKAS Pa3HO- BHIHOCTb OCHOBb! Ha -@ B BOCTOUHOCJIABAHCKHX rOBOPaxX HeCKOJIbKO OTJ/IH- yanach or Gaaruiickoit (cp. GaJiT. -é — cJiaBan. -'a) H, raaBHOe, GblJIa He BO BCeX YCJIOBHSAX YCTOWYHBOI, C/lyyaeB HeNnoCPeACTBEHHOTO YCBOeHHs GaJITHŪ- CKHX FHAPOHHMOB Ha -ė B BH/e CJIABAHCKHX Ha -'@ OTHOCHTEJbHO HEMHOTO. [Ipn TOM cJienyerT 3aMeTHTb, UTO H 3TH HEMHOTHe CJyYaH YacTO BHCTYNAIOT B HECKOJLKO 3aByasHpoBaHHOM BHAe, cp. Hesexa npu aut. Nevéié, Nevé- Za; Toaxa npu aut. Tilžė, Oabwa — nut. Alšia, Bonas — aur. upė 'peka’. Hannune GanTHiicKHX rHAPOHHMHYECKHX CJEAOB C MSTKON pa3HOBHA- HOCTBIO OCHOBbI MY*KCKOTO poja Ha -as-, KaK H C OCHOBON MYIKCKOTO H JKeH- CKOro poaa Ha -i-, npocJiexHBaeTCa C ropasfao Goablueii OTYETIHBOCTBIO, MOCKO/IbKY THM rHAPOHHMaM cooTBeTCTBYIOT B Bepxuem [Toanenposse ¢dop- MBI C ONpefe/IeHHON MPHMETON — MSTKOCTbIO KOHEYHOro COrJIacHoro, ¢op- 203 HECOMHEHHO MNPHCYTCTBHe Ga/iTHuAūcKOTO CJIOBOOG6pa30BaTe/IbHOTO 3JEMEeHTa -n-. CJI0XHOCTb BBIABJEHHSI OCOGOro GanTHICKOrO THNAa HMEHHO B 3TOM CJayuae sakjiovalach B nonyJsipHOCTH TaKXe ANA CAABSHCKOH THAPOHHMHH C/I0BOOGPA30BATE/NILHOTO THNA Ha -H- H name -ux(-a). Jlamb cAnuenne He- KOTOPBIX, Ha IMepBblH B3I/IAJ HeCylIIeCTBEHHbIX, pa3JIHUKHĖ B CJIOBO000pa30Ba- TEJIbHbIX MOAEJAX H B 3HAYCHHH 3JIeMeHTA -in- MO3BOJIET KOHCTATHPOBATH 0cOGObil GaNTHACKHI THN BO BHELIHE CJaBAHCKOM THApOHHMe, H3 3HauKHTEJIb- HOW Tpynnbl CJIABSHCKOTO aJbeKTHBHOIO MO NPOHCXOXKACHHIO -Ha(-bna) Mo- XKeT ObITb Bbljle/IeHo TaKoe LeEJIKKOM Ga/irnūckKoe Ha3BaHHe, kak Crabual Cra6na (uctopuueckn Craboua, cp. Crabenka), B KOTOPOM C H3BECTHHIM OCHOBaHHEM MOXKHO BHIeTb GaATHACKHH THApOHHMHUeCKHŪ GopMaHT -inas (cp. aut. puan. Stabinas, np.-npycck. Stabinotilte), a He ynoManyTkiė caa- BAHCKHH cy(pdukc. BosMoxHo, uto B ruaponumax Bynewka, Ynunoka mw HMEEM J1eJ10 CO CJIABSAHCKHM MepPeoCMBIC/IeHHeM B IJ1aHe YMEHbIIHTeNbHBIX cyQdHKCaNbHBIX O6pa3oBaHHū Ha -eHKa-, -UHbKA GanTHICKOTO dbopmanra -in- (Cp. NUT. upinis 'peunoii'), BOBCe He HMEIOUIEr0 3TOr0 3HAUCHHA. Ilpu- MEPOB TAKOro pojla repeoCcMbiCJIeHH5 MOXKHO, BH/HMO, HeMAaJIO HAaHTH cpeaH CJIABAKHCKHX THADOHHMOB Ha -eXKa, -UHKA, cp. Yaeenka, Uanenxa, [openxa, Cedenenxa, Iywmenxa, Illepsenxa, Boposcenxa, Bynenka, Bapaunka, Bapabinka, Bopmunka. Cpeanm GanTuiicKux TrupoHHMOB Bepxuero Iloa- HENpOBbs eCTb HeCKOJIbKO OKAHYKBAIONIHXCA HA -eHb, 33 KOTOPHIM CKpHIBa- I0TCA ABA CAMOCTOSTEJIbHbIX C/10BOOGpa3oBaTeNbHbIX THNA GaJiTHūcKON THA- ponnmun. C oaxoli cTOpoHbi, B npuMmepax Bpoae Kaeseno, Bepenens nony- CTHMO BHjeTb NpojlOJIXkeHHe GaliTKėūcKOTO cyddukca -inis (cp. Klevinė, AepeBHs 6au3 Kancykaca, Verpetinė, ayr 6au3 Ila6Gupxe), KOTODpbIH ycBaH- BaJICAl Ha CJIaBSAHCKOH MOYBEe B BH/Ie -bHb, OTKYJIA -eXHb, COBMABLIHI C COOT- BETCTBYIOLIHM CJIABSAHCKHM cydduKcoM. B Buae npeanosoxeHHs MOXHO YNOMAHYTb O AONYCTHMOM OTpaxeHHH GaatHiickoro cyddukca -en-, Tem 60- Jiee 4TO TOMY COOTBETCTBOBAJO Obl OUEBHAHOE OTCyTCTBHe GerJIOCTH -e- B HaweM npuMepe. C Apyroii CTOPOHbI, NpHMepbI Ha -eXb Bpoe Jlesens nalOT OCHOBaHHe npeamojararh CTapyio COMVIaCHYI0 OCHOBY Ha -n-, BepoaTHocTs OTpaXKeHHsl Ha Haleii TEDpHTOpHH APYrHX GaATHICKHX OCHOB Ha COrJiaCHbIŽ MOATBEPKAALTCA HANHYHEM TAKOTO Ha3BaHus Kak Jlocemena, npeanonaraio- lee CTapyio OCHOBY Ha -men-, H3BECTHYIO H B JIHTOBCKO! FHAPOHHMHH, Cp. Ladmuo. JIi06onbITHO, YTO 3TO Ha3BaHHe H3BECTHO Ha Bepxuem luenpe B uesoM psjle BapuantoB: Jlocomuna, Jlocomenka, Jlocmenxa, Jlocmenxas, Jlocomonbka (c XapakTepHHIM BOKAJH3MOM 3TOTO cypdukca), Jocsunua, Jloceanka. Xotsi OCHOBH Ha -men- €CTb H B CJAABSHCKO! THAPOHHMHUH, CP. Basomeno, Cyxmana u 1p., ONIHAKO, CMELIATh HX C COOTBeTCTBYIOWHMH GaJ- THHCKHMH OCHOBAMH HeB03MOXHO. ITpoucxoxnenue or Gaatuiickoro THAPO- HHMA Ha COOTBETCTBYIOULYIO OCHOBY MOXHO MOJ03PeBaTh H AJs PEYHOro Ha- pannus Jledmen. Tlo-suaumomy, B octaTounoit dopme crapas ocHoBa Ha -men- CKpbiTa B rHApoHHMHH OcoMa B CaMHX BepXOBbSAX Iluenpa, cp. JAuT. Ašmena. Tlpumeuarensho, uro B Gacceiiie OCbMBl H Ha HeNOCPENCTBEHHO npuJiaralOlilHX K HEMY TEPPHTOPHSIX YacTO BCTpewaercs Ha3BaHHe Kamenka, 4TO B COBOKYNHOCTH BeCbMa HANOMHHAeT KapTHHY, OTMEYEHHYI0 B BOCTOU- HOM YacTH JIHTOBCKOH TeppHTOpHH. 205 CTH K HeMy TaKHe Ha3Bauus, kak JKyxona (Bepxusia Boara), ¥Yaxena (6ac- ceiid Oku), Kacnaa (3an. [iguna), Kydens (nputok Benuxoii), cp. Takxe ceno lopcnae nu ap. Bojiee cok HO 06CTOMT e/10 CO cCJlejnaMH Ha3BaHHH CO BTOPbIM 4JIEHOM, 0603HAyalOIUM 03epO; OTYACTH 3TO CBA3AHO, BHAMMO, C ¢$opmanbHOii 62aH30CTbIO 6aNTHACKOrO H CJIABSAHCKOTO Ha3BaHHA 3TOrO CJO- Ba. Takas Xe HesACHOCTb CYUIECTBYeT H B OTHOLICHHH MeHee pacnpocTpa- HEHHOro THIN NPeHMYLIEeCTBEHHO TOMOHHMHYECKHX HagBaHU CO BTODbIM 3/J1e- MEHTOM, o6o3HaualolwuM 'KoHel', 'Kpail’, cp. B BOcTOuHOGa/ITHŪCKON 06aa- ctu obpasoBauus Ha -gala, galas: nut. Ariogala, MaiSiogala, atu. Latgale, Zemgale u ap. Ha BepXHenHenpoBCKOH TEppHTOpHH TOBOPHTH O HaNeKHBIX npuMepax TaKoro pola NOBOJALHO TPYyAHO, ONHAKO MOXKHO OTMETHTb ymMOT- pe6Jienne BTOPOro YJeHa 3THX CJIOXEHHA B KayecTBe CAMOCTOSITEJIbHOTO Ha- 3BanHs Gosor B Benopyccuu, cp. lass, a Take 3aragouHoe peuHoe Ha- 3BaHHe B Bepxosbsix [nenpa JIynozonoea — sap. JIyn(n)a, orpaxenHoe B Kinre Boabuiomy Ueprexy B dopme Jlynozanosa, B KOTOPOit JteJio, MOXKeT GbiTb, He B mpocToM akaube. Tem Gojiee uro Ha KpaitHedl BOCTOYHOM (Kak, BrpoueM, H 3anaaHoil) nepudepuu Ganrtuiickoft O0GJiacTH Ha3BaHUA HA -gala BIIO/IHE OYeBH/HBI, CP. XOTa Obl ranuuaoB y IlroJioMes Ha tepputopuu Ilpyc- CHH H roasilb pycckux neronuceii Ha IlporBe. [MoMuMo Bbinieyka3aHHbIX CJIeJ10B GanTHACKOH THADOHHMHH, OTpaKeH- HBIX B CJI0OB006pa30BaHHH H CJIOBOCJOXKEHHH Ha3BaHuit Boa B Bepxuem INon- HenpoBbe, Leneco06pasHo roOBOPHTL O PasHOro poaa rHGpHAHLIX o6pa3oBa- HHAX C Pa3/JHYHOM J0JIelt yyacTUSt B HHX GaNTHHCKOrO H CJABAHCKOro sJe- Menta. EcJiH yuecTb rHAPOHMMBI LEAHKOM GajiTHACKOTO NPOHCXOXKAEHHS, 6e3 KaKHX-JIHGO CJIe/10B CNaBAHCKOA 06paGOTKH, C OAHON CTOPOHBI, H LEH KOM C/NaBSIHCKHE TMAPOHHMBI, JIHIUEHHble BCAKHX MPH3HAKOB GaaTHHACKOro BJIHAIHHA, C APYro# CTOPOHBI, TO MOJIyyaeTcsl Uenas LIKAJIIA MOCTEeNeHHBIX, HHOTa TPYAHO 3aMEeTHbLIX nepexofoB oT GaJATHACKOA THADOHHMHH K cJja- BAHCKOM. Takas nocreneHHOCTL nepexofoB H MHorooGpasue crynexefi ne- A1210T 0cOGEHHO BaXXHO# npoGaeMy ru6pHIHBLIX OGpa30BaHHA, HX KJiacCHOH- KalįHH H, HAKOHEL, reorpagHyeckoro INpHYypOueHHA TeX HJIH HHbIX THOPHAHBIX THNOB. H3yuenne o6pa3oBanuil TAKOro pojla MOXKeT BCKPHITh OCHOBHBE MO- MEHTBl Npolecca OCBOEHHS BepPXHeNHenpoBCKHX TeppuTopuit. EcrecrBenno, MEI 3/1eCb He MOXeM MNMpeTeHA0BaTh Ha MOJIHLIA yyeT OaKTOB; B HACTOSIIHNA MOMEHT Ba)kHee OGpaTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha CaMylo NMOCTAHOBKY BOnpoca H Ha HEOGXOAHMOCTL ero pemenus. Tem He MeHee, HEKOTOpHle KOHKpeTHbe Ha- GaioficHHa no KAaccHPHKAUWH THOPHAHLIX THNOB MOTYT GbITb CYMMHpPOBa- HB B OoGUIHX yepTax yxe celuac. Tak, Ganrtuiickne HasBanus Ge3 BCAKHX NMPH3HAKOB CJIABAHCKOTO BJIHA- HHS HAH XOTS Gbl BO3MOXKHOCTH MNepe0CMbICJIEeHHA B COOTBETCTBHH CO CJIABSAH- CKHMH O0pasuaMu MOXHO BHAeTb B THApoHHMax Bpoae Bedoca, Hesexa, Bodea, boaea, Boama n T. n., HaXoASNHX (DAKTHYECKH NMOJHOE COOTBETCT- BHe B MMAPOHHMHH GaJATHACKHX TEPPHTOPHil H He ColepKallHX B CBOeM ¢o- HETHYECKOM -00/HKe KaKHX-JIHGO ocoGenHocTefl, KOTOpHE NPOTHBOPEUHJIH C/ABAHCKOMY (DOHETHUYECKOMY THMY H HyXAaJHch Obl B cyGcTHTYuHH. Bauns- KO K YyKa3aHHbBIM TNpHuMepaM MNOAXOAAT cayuad Bpoae Jyweca, Bodoza IBedozal, Turea, O6ecra n Ap., KOTOpble TaKXKe HMEIOT TOYHOE COOTBETCTBHE 14. Kalbotyros klausimai, IV 209 AnuaJiekTaM, OT KOTODpbIX HJIH HHUeTO He OCTAJIOCb, WIH COXpAHHJIHCb OT/IeJIb- Hele cJIOBa. DrTOT npoGeJi 0co6eHHO rneuaJien, NOCKOJIbKY MOXHO MNpeanoJa- raTb, 4TO HEKOTOPbIE H3 TaKHX AMAJIEKTOB (ATBSIKCKHM, rONAACKUA) cymecT- BOBAJIH Ha HCCJIejįyeMOH HaMH TEPPHUTOPHH H, BO3MOKHO, OCTABHJIM Mo cebe C/€/lbl B HEKOTOPLIX TMAPOHMMHYECKHX Ha3BaHMsAX. EcTecTBeHHO, YTO B 3THX YCMOBHSAX Mbl MOJXKEM TOBOPHTb TOJIbKO O GaJTHHCKOM THe JLAHHOTO rHApO- HHMa (H TO He Bcerjga), HO He O ero KOHKPeTHOH AHAaJIeKTHOH NpHHAJUJIEX- HOCTH. Haxkonen, naxe ecan or 6anthiickux nuanekTHbIX pasanuuit B 0OJIacTH THNApOHHMHH MNepedTH K AHANEKTHbIM uYepTaM, pa3JiKualolLiuuM GaaTHicKHe AHAJEKTE! B UeJIOM, TO OKaXKeTCs, YTO TH YepThl He BCeraa NO3BOJIAT IKO: ¢epenunpoBaTth B AHANEKTHOM OTHOLICHHH GanTuickyio ruapoHuMHI0 Bepx- Hero IlonxenpoBba. to OGBACHSAETCA TeM, BO-NepBbiX, UTO GaJirnūckne Ha- ssanus Bepxnero Ionnenposbs ycBaHBAJIKCb BOCTOUHbIMH CJIABSHAMH H B TO BpEM#, KOMJla HeKOTODpbIe H3 JĮHAJIEKTHbIX pa3/IKuKė, HCTOPHYECKH H3BECT- HbIX GaNTHACKHX SI3LIKOB He YCNEJIH CJIOXKTbCA; BO-BTODbIX, B pile CJIyKaeB pasanunble GanTHHCKHE AHANEKTHbIE BapHAHTbI MOIMNIH OJIKHAKOBO OTpaxaTb- Cl Ha CNABAHCKOH NOYBE; H, HAKOHel, B-TDETbHX, CYLIECTBYIOT HEKOTOpHIE BOCTOYHOC/IaBAHCKHE AHANeKTHble fIBJeHMs, OOpMAaJibHO aHAJOTHUHBIE CO- OTBETCTBYIOIUHM GaNTHIACKHM, TO NPHUBOAHT K TPYAHOCTAM TPH pa3rpaHH- yennn. Uro Kacaercs mepBoii KaTeropuu cayuaes, TO HYXXHO HMETb B BHAY, TO aKTyaJbHble JŲJIA COBPEMEHHOH JHAJIEeKTOJIOTHH PA3IMuHsA MeX1y Wuns- UIHMH H CBHCTALIAMH (Z, §, — 2, 8), MEXAY K H C B NOJOXKEHHH nepex raac- HBIM NEpeaHero psina, Mexay AH(MTOHIOM ei H TIacHBIM je, MEXAY COXpa- HEHHEM HOCOBOTO cCOrJIiacHOTO nepea APYTHM COrJAacHLIM H ero HCYe3HOBe- HHEM B TOM Xe MO3HUHH ejįBa JH MOTH MOJYYHTH OTpaxeHHe (KpoMe EAHHUYHBIX CJIyuaeB) B ruApoHuMuH Bepxuero IMoaxenposss, TIOCKOJIbKY OHH BO3HHKJIH NO3]įKee. B uacTHOCTH, 3BYK -u- B Ha3BaHHH Curosxa B paBHOf cTeneHH MOXeT OTpa)aTh Kak 3an.-GaJiT. ei (cp. np.-npycck. Seyte), Tak H BOCT.-GanT. je (cp. auT. Siefuva, «peka», ATiL. siets 'TAYGOKOe MeCTO B peke’). Touro Tak xe GuJIO Oki HeCnpaBeNJHBHIM BHAETh B Ha3BaHHH 3a- AATKG Ha OCHOBAHMH Haua/JbHOro 3- (a He JK-) THAPOHHM JiaTbiuICKOTO TH- na (cp. Atul. zūle 'rpaBa' npu AMT. žolė). AHANOTHUHBIM o6pa3oM Mb Gul HE PELIHIHCh HacTaHBATb Ha CMNEUHAJbLHO JIHTOBCKOM INPOMCXOXKAECHHH Ha3Ba- Hust Bupaceska, NOCKOJIbKY -JC- MOTJIO OTpaxaTb COOTBETCTBYIOUIHH 3BYK He TOJILKO B JIHTOBCKOM CJIOBe beržas, HO H TaKON Ke 3BYK B ADYTHX GanaTuii: CKHX AHaJIeKTaX, rie OH BCMOCJAEACTBHH Aan z, cp. AT. berzs 'Gepesa’. Cy- WECTBEHHOE ANSI COBpeMeHHbIX GaNTHHCKMX NHANEKTOB pasjiHyeHHe K H C nepejį riacHbLIM nepejiHero psila OKA3bIBaeTCA HeaBTOPHTETHLIM NPH AHAJIH- 3€¢ BEPXHEAHeNPOBCKOH THAPOHHMHH, MOCKONLKY, Hanpumep, K- B Kudeas MOXET OTpaXaTh Kak JIHTOBCKHH AHaJeKTHHIi BapHaHT, Tak H npeBHena- THILLICKHA (20 nepexoaa B ¢); c apyroit croponsl, I[udeas B Gacceiine OkH He o0si3aTesbHO OTpa)caeT dopMy JATHILICKOrO THRA (Cp. JTL Cidulupe), HO peub MOXeT HATH H O no3fHelimeM H3MeHeHHH K- Ha MecTHON mouse. Touro Tak xe HaaBanne Tuna Benua (u3 *Ventia) ne naer noJiKoro ocHOBa- HHSl TOBOPHTb O ero NpHHAJIJIEXHOCTH K JIHTOBCKOMY HJIH MPYCCKOMY THY; B DaBHOH cCTeneHH OHO MOXET OTpaxaTb CTapoe COCTOSIHHE TeX JIKAJIEKTOB, 213 anOdepeKunaunxu Bepxnero IlojnHenpoBbs: B OJHHX CJIyuafX KOJIHUECTBO HMEeIOLILHXCHA NPHMEPOB CJMUIKOM HHUTOXHO, UTOObI caenath Kakue-au6o OnpeAe/ieHHbIE 3AKJIIOUeHHA, B APYTHX CAy4YasX pelleHHe BONPOCAa HEBO3MOXK- HO H3-3a TOTO, YTO He Bbl;B/IeHbIi 'MAPOHHMHYECKHE H3ONrIOCCbi HA COBpeMeH- HOM GanTuiickoii Tepputopun. Te xe TpynHocTH BCTPeyaioTcs MPH NOMNLIT- Ke JHaNeKTHOH NudpepeHUHAUHH eAHHHYHBIX THIAPOHHMOB NpeAoXKHOro THNA. Peub Hier, npexe Bcero, O Ha3BaHHSAx Bpoje Ycrape, cp. Tapa, Yc- nepr H, Moet GkiTb, [Tunun. Xor1 e1Ba Ji MOKHO HafeATLCA Ha AOCTOBEp- Hble pe3yJibTaTbi B AHAJEKTHOM NPHYPOYEHHH 3THX Ha3BaHHil, BCe xe 006- paulaer Ha ce6a BHMMaHHe, YTO ¥c- B mepBHIX ABYX NpHMepax CKopee OTPaXaeT BOCTOYHOGANTHACKHA THN NpeANOKHLIX O06pa30BaHMil, H3BeCT- HbIX B TONOHHMHH; HANpOTHB, B APEBHENPYCCKOH TONOHHMHH OTCYTCTBYIOT Ha3BAHHA C COOTBeTCTBYIOILHM npeajoroM. Urto xe KacaeTCA HAa3BAHHSA Ilunun, To, ecu Bepua npeanaraemasi HAMH STHMOJIOTHA (H3 * Apei-pin-), TAaKXe MOXHO AyMaTh CKOpee O CBSI3H C BOCTO4KOGAJITHŪCKHMH NpuUMepa- MH, B YaCTHOCTH, MOXeT ObiTb, C JIATOBCKHMH, UeM C ApEBHeNpPYCCKHMA. Belle TOBOpHJIOCb 0 TPYAHOCTAX yCTaHOBJEHHS AHaJIeKTHOH auddepen- uKHalLHH BEPXHEJHENPOBCKHX THAPOHHMOB C MOMOIUbIO (DOHETHYECKHX KDH- TEPHEB, NO3TOMY B 3TOH CBA3H TPYAHO CKa3aTh UTO-JIKGO onpenefeHHOE. Tem ne MeHee, npH yueTe HEKOTOPHIX APYTHX JUAHHbIX MOTYT B pile CJyyaeB OKa3aTeCA TMOJIE3HBIMH JOBOJIbHO pasHoo6pa3Hble NpHMepkI (OHETHUECKOR BAPHAHTHOCTH B Ha3BAHHH OJHOW DEKH WAH B HA3BAHWAX PA3HLIX PeK OT opHoro Kops. Ilpu sTOM, ecTecTBeHHO, C/lelyeT NOMHHTb O BO3MOXHOCTH H3MEHEHHS yXKe Ha CJIaBAHCKOH MOYBE H O BO3MOMHOCTAX Pa3HOBPEMEHHOro yCBOGHHA AaHHOro Gastuiickoro ruaponnma. Henasko Apymaa Bbickasan MOrajaKy O roJIiACKOM MPOHCXOXAEeHHH Ha3BaHHs pekH Gacceiina Coxu — JIti3a wa ocHoBaHHH -3- BMecTO -d¢- (cp. naTranabckoe Lyūža), He uckaouena BO3MOXKHOCTb, YTO B @HHOM CJyyae Mbl AeACTBHTENLHO HMEEeM Jes0 C OCO- Gofi nuaJiekTHON GanTuiickoil OopMol, XOTS H He 06N3aTENBHO TONSACKOM. B cBa3nH c HasBanneM J76i30 HeGe3LIHTEDECHO YYECTDh Leb pa NpHMepoB, rae -3- uepenyerca c -9c-, cp. Asapsa — sap. 3apxa, Kapka; )y6p — Bap. 3ybup, 3ybeps, 3ybep, Tyr xe nobansoctu 3ybap, 3ybeps; )XKasynuya — Bap. 3asyxuya; OKa3blBaeTCsl, YTO BCE NepeuHCJieHHbie HA3BAHHA cocpeno- ToueHb no TeueHHio CoH, YTO AeNaeT 3TH BapHAHTH BO3MOXHO Gojee no- KasareJbHbIMH. XapakTepHo, YTO 3a MpefesaMH STOro pafioHa peur WET yXe He CTOJIbKO O Pa3HbIX BADHAHTAX HA3BAHHSA OHOM H TOM Xe PeKH, CKOJIb- KO O pasHbIX FHAPOHHMAX, OTPAXKAIOUHX MeRY a : 3, cp. 3aaasexka, 3ara- 3unka, 3aaaska, — XKaauxa, Xarox, Kuroxka; YKazynrunka — 3azyren- ka. K takoMy xe Tiny BapHaHTOB oTHocutcs Lmopeoska — Cmopzoexa. Ensa Jin MOXHO paccMarpuBaTh Kak AMAJeKTHBE TaKHe BapHaHTbi HaHMe- HOBaHMi, Kak Bex4wa — Bava, Mopuanka — Mopous, Mopoxa — Mopacoska, Jlyveca — Jlyxecor, edwunka — Duskcunka, Munbua — Monų, ATKUAbHA — Yoana, Yoaxna, Cenwxa — Ycanxca nu ueawiit pan Apyrux. BapuantHocTs 3THX THAPOHHMOB, KOHEYHO, Npexje BCEro CBA3aHa C pa3HONH XPOHO- Jorueii ycsoenus. BosMoxHO, uT0 3Hauenne OHETHYECKHX KPHTEDHEB NpH OnpeneJieHHH NHANEKTHOR NPHHAANEKHOCTH BEPXHEAHENPOBCKHX THAPOHH- MOB HECKOJ/IbKO BO3pacTeT B JajbHEALHX HCCeNOBAHUSX B CBA3H C YCTAHOB- 215 HuK — podJdurTo), B H3BecTHBIX Ke OaJITHŪCKHX f3blKaX POAHHMK, HCTOYHHK Kak pa3 o6o3HauaeTcs HHBIMH CrOCOGaMH. Cpenn Apyrux ciyuaes, MO3BOJSIOUIMX FOBOPHTb O AHAJEKTHOH Au(de- penunanunHH Ha MaTepualjie JIeKCHKH, MOXHO BBIJJHTb Tpynny MNpHMepos c cenapaTHbIMH aneJJaTHBHbLIMM COOTBETCTBHAMH B H3BeCTHbIX GaJITHACKHX s3biKax, cp. ledwunka npu ApeBHenpycckoM geeyse 'uanas’, Jokoaka, cp. ap.-npycck. Dakow npu doacke 'ckBopew’ H ap. Coa xe npHMbIKAIOT NpH- MeDpbi C CenapaTHbIMH THAPOHHMHYECKHMH CBA3siMM, cp. AbecTa npn JHT. Abista, Pemucroso npu Ap.-npycck. Ramestow, Opuxcxa npu Ap.-npycck. Aryngine, Hrouka npn ap.-npycck. Inacus, Ky6ape npu aur. Kaybpu un ap. [IlpamMepoB noao6HOro Poa ¢ CenapaTHHIMH COOTBETCTBUAMH HA MaTepHaje JIEKCHKH NIOBOJIbHO MHOIO, YTO JaeT OCHOBaHHe JŲIA TOro, UTOObI HAMeTHTb nesblii pag YacTHHIX JIEKCHYeCKHX H3orjocc, obbeaunsiomwnx Bepxuee Ilojn- HenpoBbe C OTAeAbHHIMH paiionamu IlpuGantuxu. ITomumo ckasauoro, npencraBHJio Gbl HHTepec onpeAesieHHe AHAJNEKTHOH NMPHHANJIEKHOCTH TeX THAPOHHMOB, KOTOpble Ha Halleji TEPPHTOPHH MOBTOPAIOTCS HEOAHOKPATHO H 4acTo CBA3aHbI ULENbIO CJIOXHLIX Nepex0j10B, cp., Hanpumep, Pekra, Pexra, Pecra, Pouutot Hu Apyrue BapHaHTh, B 3TOM STHMOJIOTHYECKH TPYAHOM CJIY- yae BOMPOC O AHAJNEKTHOH MPHHAMJNEKHOCTH pellaercss B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOTO, KaKOe 3THMOJIOrHuecKoe peluenne Gyaer BbIOpano. [Ipu cB33H c HasBa- HHEM Opexa AHaNeKTHasd NpHHA/JIJIEXHOCTb AONKHA Oba Oki OGb1CHATbCA Kak BocTouHoGaaTHicKasa (cp. MMT. riešutas, Atul. rieksts NpH JIp.-NnpycceK. reisis), Ecan xe nymartb O cBsidu ¢ 6anTuiickum Ha3BaHHeM 6oJioTa, TO TOr- Ra Cc onpejleJIeHHOCTbIO MOXKHO ČGyjleT roBOPHTh O BOCTO4UHOGAJITHHACKOM Npo- HCXOXJ€HHH TOJIbKO BapHanta Pecra (cp. JinT. raistas '60/10TO' H MHOTOYH- CJIeHHbIe THAPOHHMBl OT 3TOTO KOPHS Ha TeppHTOpHH JIHTBHI). XoTs H ONHOTO TOJIbKO MPHBEAEHHOTO THAPOHHMHYECKOro MarepHana BMNOJHE JOCTATOYHO AJA TOro, UTOGbI He COMHEeBATbCA B HaMH4YHH GanTHi- ckoro Hacesenus B Bepxuem IlojjnenpoBbe, oaHako, eCTb H APYrofi HCTOY- HHK, CBHAETEJbLCTBYIOLIKHA O TOM Ke, — MHOrOYHCJ/IeHHbIe CJIe/jlbi npebbiBa- HHS 37lech GaJITOB, OTJ/IOXKHBIUHECS B PYCCKOH [AHANeKTHOH Jekcuke. Bcé STO BMECTe B3siTOe 3aCTaBJsfeT MO-HOBOMY B3IVIAHYTb Ha 3THHYECKYIO H fi3H- KoBylo Hcropuio Bepxuero Iloasenposbs.