81s aipsniai / a icles
daLia sVide skienė
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: Onomas ics (p ope wo d-making,
esea ch on he o igin).
in he case o Ma ia
LMPoLė aPsk i ies ag oniMų […]
This a icle aims o ake a close look a he pa o he oponymy o he Ma ijampolė dis ic
on he ag onyms – de i a i es
o he su ix -in- in Ma ijampolė coun y
w i en in he in e wa pe iod […] ag onimus, p eposi ions […] in en ions. on he basis o aluable
addi ional in o ma ion eco ded in he ques ionnai es on land names, i was ied o de e mine as
accu a ely as possible he way o making he place names unde in es iga ion, o ind and name
common wo ds ha can be linked o, om which i is possible o ex ac e ymologized ag onomic
o ms, o supplemen and cla i y he exis ing explana ions o he a ea o he sou he n Li huanian
language. he da a collec ed could be inco po a ed in o he con ex o he Li huanian and Bal ic
s udies.
anno a ion he a icle a emp s o ake a close look a he pa o oponymy o Ma ijampolė
coun y eco ded in he in e wa pe iod […] ag onyms as he de i a i es o he su ix -in-. Based on
he aluable addi ional in o ma ion eco ded in he ield-name ques ionnai es, he au ho sough
o iden i y he ype o o ma ion o he place names unde analysis, o iden i y and name he
common wo ds ha can be associa ed wi h he e ymologized ag onym o ms and om which hey
can be de i ed, o supplemen and e ise he exis ing in e p e a ions o he o ma ion and o igins
o place names in he sou he n a ea o he Li huanian language as accu a ely as possible. The
esea ch da a can be included in he con ex o he
Li huanian and Bal ic linguis ics.
he main wo ds: he in e egnum pe iod, he place names, he ag onyms, he base wo d
(e imonas), he gene ic wo d (appella i e), he place names, he deed, he pledge, he ma iage.
keyWo ds: in e wa pe iod, place names, ag onyms, base wo d (e ymon), common wo d
(appella i e), o ma ion o place names, su ix, de i a i e.
82 ac a
daLia sVide skienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
0. ĮVadas
P iesagos -in- edinių papli imo i p oduk y umo duomenys į ai iose lie u ių
he oponyms in he classes a e qui e une en. Acco ding o Alexande Vanago,
hyd onyms wi h he p e ix -inė and -inis, in gene al, occu h oughou Li huania.
only in he cen al pa o no he n Li huania (wi h he cen e o Vabalninkas,
kupiškis, subačius), in sou he n Li huania and in he lowlands hey a e somewha a e
[…]
(Vanagas 1970: 164) This is no he case.
ai pa emia i onomas o pa eikiamas hid onimų p iesagų papli imo ka og a inis
aizdas ( en pa , p. 407). bend as iš apelia y ų i iš asmen a džių pada y ų p iesa-
- he numbe o in en ions in Li huania by he au ho is indica ed 522: 178 wi h -inė
and 344 wi h -inis (ibid., pp. 381, 385). knowing he o al numbe o p e-de e mined
hyd onyms […] abou 4000 (ibid., p. 277) […], he amoun o p e-de e mined
in en ions in he class o wa e colo s […] 13 % was de e mined
Acco ding o a Li huanian oikonim s udy, he second o he uni e sal p eposi ions
acco ding o he p oduc i i y o e bs (a e -isk-) is he p eposi ion -inė. Acco ding
o Ma ijos azmukai ės, […]oikonimai-de i a ai wi h his appendix a e widesp ead in
a small a ea o Li huania; hey a e less ypical o he wes e n Dzūk and he
sou he n dis ic s o he Th acian egion. excep in he sou he n pa o he dunes, unpopula in he lowe pa s o he coun y, as well as in he no he n pa o he coun y
in Li huania be ween Ven õs and Mūšõs
This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o do so. The mo e p oduc i e
he au ho , he less sel -conscious hey a e. In he e y no he n pa o Li huania,
he P iesagos […] edinių sec ion is mo e p onounced
he same. This is a ca og aphic ep esen a ion o he p e alence o oikonimo
p ecep s p o ided by he pa emia and he y ia in P iede no. 1, map no. 2. In he o de
o he p oduc i i y o he g apes, compiled acco ding o he o al pe cen age o he
p oduc i i y o he g ape a ie ies coun ed, he addi ions -in ediniai consis o : 5 %
-in ediniai (las 323 oikonimai) and 1,25 % -pa iniai ediniai (las 83 oikonimai) ( en, p. 111).
on he basis o he da a o he p e-a anged helonima s udy, i is cla i ied ha all he
a ian s o he spoken p e-a anged galuni a e used o he making o hese onimas,
wi h di e en amoun s o edima being made om hem. […]da iausios is made up o
[…]-nokilusios su ix […] wi h 47 su ixes made up 45.9% o all names wi h he ea u e:
wi h -inė […] 32.4% (in e ms o he o al ca ego y o su ixes), wi h -inis […] 6.9%, wi h
-inės […] 3.4%, wi h -iniai […] 104, making up 1% o all clea su ixes o helon. O hese, 14,4
0,6 % [...] i . .
“
(bilkis 2008: 262). Veiksmo ezul a ų pa adinimų, y ėjo eigimu,
% we e ound o be de i a i es and 3,8 % o be de i a i es (ibid., pp. 269-270). Acco ding
o he su ey o Li huanian a me s, he sha e o seedlings is 18,2 %. hey a e made
wi h he ollowing a ian s o he endings o he appendix: 10,28 % o he edines made
wi h -inė, 1,85 % wi h -inės, 0,51 % wi h -iniai and 5,56 % wi h -inis
The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
In p e ious s udies o local wo ds w i en be ween he wa s o he Ma ijampolė
egion, special a en ion was no paid o he p e ix in en ions in e ms o
cons uc ion and o igin. Howe e , i has been obse ed ha oponyms wi h he p e ix -in a e ound in all
dėl Ma ijampolės apsk i ies
ag onimų – p iesagos -in- edinių
Eigh y- h ee a icles in place names classes: wa e names, place names, especially place names. They' e
made up o bo h appeals and names. A s udy o one class o land names in he Ma ijampolė dis ic ,
ag onyms o pe sonal su name o igin (s ide skienė 2010: 97127), ound ha he su ix -in ediniai makes
up 12 % ( he e a e 47 local wo ds, o which 46 -inė(s) and 1 - edinys) (ibid., p. 122). La e , a en ion was
d awn o he in en i e sankaup in his a ea, a p ecep o appella e o igin. The e a e 328 o hem, o
abou hal (~50%) o all common ances al wo ds. Al hough ma iages wi h his appendix a e o en done
in o he Li huanian-language a eas (see Mickienė 2001: 117[…]118; 2006: 27[…]30, endzely ė 2004: 80[…]89; 2005:
145[…]146, ba ku ė 2008: 157[…]159), hey a e w i en much less in he in es iga ed a eas. In addi ion,
a en ion was d awn o he ac ha he e we e e y ew (abou h ee dozen) appella e-o igin
compound su name ag onyms in he Land Name Anke es o he Ma ijampolė Dis ic . Based on he ac
ha in common pa lance p eposi ions -ine adjec i es sp ead by eplacing one o he g amma ical
synonyms […] daik a a džio kilmininką (plg. kniūkš a 1976: 196; 2000: 36), i can be hypo he ically assumed
ha pe haps oponyms a e also possible connec ions wi h he lexicon o he language, ac ing in he
con ex o he appella i e lexicon. Thus, he quan i a i e di e ence be ween he p eposi ions o he
in en ions mos likely es i ies o he speci ici y o his place-name class (subclass) in he a ea unde
s udy, and his a icle aims o ake a close look a he pa o he oponymy o he Ma ijampolė
dis ic w i en be ween he cen u ies. on he basis o addi ional in o ma ion in he ques ionnai es on
place names, an a emp is made o de e mine as accu a ely as possible he way in which he place
names in ques ion a e made, he basic wo ds, o supplemen , o cla i y he exis ing explana ions o he
onimų polinkį plės is kalbamų edinių naudai.
place names and he o igin o hese a eas. In he u u e, in he p epa a ion o he syn he ic Li huanian
oponymy wo k Li huanian place name dic iona y (www.l z.in o), esea ch o his na u e will be ca ied
ou in a consis en manne , which is expec ed o help o mo e accu a ely de e mine place names. 2
These a e conside ed o be place names composed o wo independen wo ds, he i s o which,
de ining, is he ep esen a i e o a common wo d; The second wo d o he noble place names is he
name o he su ace objec , which he i s one dis inguishes om he o he uni s (see Vanagas 1970:
258[…]259; see also sa ukynas 1963: 235[…]246).
In he meaning o pa ag aph 3, he e a e such ag onyms, he basis o which can be bo h a non-p eceden
appeal ( he appeal is conside ed a Vedic, i s p e ix […] he p e ix o he ac ion) and a p e ix appeal. In he
la e case, he ag onomy is conside ed p ima y. In Li huanian oponymy, such place names a e conside ed
p ima y, which, du ing oponymiza ion, become common (o o he ce ain) wo ds in place names, do no
acqui e any signs o c ea ion. o his e m applicable o essels, see also This Regula ion shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Fo example, based on he su ey da a o he illage o Gudeliai alsčiaus būdninkų ( o me ly his meadow
was nea Gi ai ės, which is now cu o ) o he dis ic unde in es iga ion, i is belie ed ha he name o
he meadow Pagi nė o igina ed om lie. mo ning nis, -ė ‘no a om gi ios being, plg. Pagi nis is a clan name (Lkže), he name o he land is conside ed he i s . The e o e, his ag onomic name does no appea in he lis o place names unde in es iga ion.
In addi ion, in o de o p ese e he smalles names o he ea h's su ace as a
daLia sVide skienė
speci ic and mos changing pa o he lexicon, he place names o his class a e
in ended o be u he esea ched and published. au hen ic place names w i en in
he a icle om a li ing language. i he place name is no c ossed ou o i s c ossing
ou is unclea , un eliable, i is no c ossed ou in he a icle. as is cus oma y o
wo ks o his na u e, each place name is accompanied by e e ences o he named
objec s and hei loca ions. he o igin o he ag onomic name is explained below: he
spoken base wo d (e imonas), i s meaning is indica ed. Since he pa o he oponymy
o he Ma ijampolė dis ic chosen as he subjec o he s udy is qui e au hen ic,
un ouched by he pa e ns o wo d o ma ion o o eign languages, in all cases,
su ads and p onouns common wo ds, wi h which he Li huanian-language dic iona y
uses he elec onic edi ion o he Li huanian-language dic iona y, indica ing he
meanings o appeals
(he eina e e e ed o as […] Lkže).
aking in o accoun he belonging o basic wo ds o ce ain pa s o he
language, he a icle dis inguishes wo g oups o oponyms unde in es iga ion:
s an y ai) i ii. Vediniai iš būd a džių (deadjek y ai). Pas a ųjų edinių Ma ijam-
polės apylinkėse už ašy a 13 (4 %). ep ezen an ų skaičiumi deadjek y us ženkliai
i.e. Vediniai om nouns (desublenkia desubs an y ai. o which 315 (96%) a e
eco ded (see also Appendix 1, diag am). These e bs a e di ided in o se e al
lexical seman ic g oups acco ding o he oo wo d: om a ious physiog aphic
e ms, names o plan s, names o animals and o he […] names o a ious na u al, social en i onmen s, hings, phenomena […].
1 . O he a icles o appa el
(subs an i e o no )
1 .1 . Vedic in physiog aphic e ms
- This is Akmen-[…]nė p . I 's called
kl , k sn, Lb : lie. […] ock (akmuõ) […]
ha d ock o indi idual pieces o i
’; English D . Shil: lie.
English […] unbu ned
wood esidue […];
I 's called Buiz-nė o , d . kz : lie. he buizà […]didelė di ynė, makalynė,
pamu ys[…]; and The Daub-Nine p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he
alley o he daubà, he clone, he moa ; The Dub-nė p . c sn, Ld n: o lie. The
slope, he alley, he plain. Dubus, - is dubbed, dubbed in o […]; Duõb-inė p . is
he name o he company. English: lie.
pi […] exca a ed o o he wise hollowed ou place on he g ound […]; Whole whea lou The Commission
shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion
by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Du opas, du opas […] he emains o
decaying and decaying g ass plan s […]4; Gal-[…]nė a . 4 Bee names can be made di ec ly om bee . a place
whe e pea is mined o mined; he hole in he mud.
dėl Ma ijampolės apsk i ies
ag onimų – p iesagos -in- edinių
85 a icles by kz , p . he ollowing able is inse ed: he
ollowing able is added: K sn, wo pages. Ld n: o lie.
he place whe e he longes hing ends; he ex eme
pa o he hing (p adžia, inish)
’; I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. Ld n, M j: lie.
Wha a e you doing? […]sh da ga, shdagà […] bu ned o
sunbu ned place in he meadow, o es , pea , bu ning
’; Kaln-[…]nė p .
( o me ly known as
Kaln-[…]nė) he ollowing pa ag aph is added: kálnas […] high g ound ele a ion […]; The Kap-inė p .
he ollowing pa ag aph is added: The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. P n; and Camping 2 p . Igl, kl , and p . Ld n, M j, wo p . P n; and The camp-
- his is 2 p . he ollowing able is inse ed: This
is a lie. he coun y, he coun y; hal ; a ea,
pa cel o land; edges; piece by piece
’; Clone o he p . o a kind used in mo o ehicles Clon-[…]nė p . (also known as
Clon-[…]nė) I 's a lie. he clone […]slėni place, alley, lane, loma, dauba[…]; and This is D .
K an -nė. coun yside on he banks o i e s, lakes, he sea; he can; O he , o a a
con en , by weigh he ollowing pa ag aph is added: The c ay ish is a "s a us, a
gdl, 3 p . kl , 6 p . Lb , p . Ldn , 8 p . k sn, p . ss; Kups -inė d b. ž., p . P n;
ba en sho e, a suddenly ising place". The second p. . B b, 6 p . gdl, 2 p . clo e , ou
p . Lb ; and he ollowing able is inse ed: O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
s ainless s eel B b, gdl, igl, h ee p . clo e , wo p . The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Lb , Sil:
lie. Wha a e you doing? a small ou c op, a small ou c op, a small ou c op, a small
ou c op, a small ou c op; jaws (10 o 12 ee ) […]; I 's called he Mi-Skin D . V.V. Lie. a
wooded a ea; o a kind used in mo o ehicles Mol- d . k sn: lie. Wha a e you doing?
mólis […] us a ea h, ha is, when we , used o cons uc ion, ce amic wo k, gluing,
e c. […], mõlė […] molio ea h, mill[…]; This is Pagi -nė p . kz : lie. Wha is i ? The ield by
he i e , he ield by he i e . The Pakel-[…]nė o , p . KZR, p . cl, Ld n: o lie. A place by
he oad, by he oad; The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion: Ld n: o lie. slope, slope […]s a us, sloping sho e o moun ain slope, idge, slope[…]; Paupel-[…]nė a , p. . This is he name o he illage. kz : lie. Wha is i ? The peacock, he peacock li es by he s eam; Paup-[…]nė p. . (F ench p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies. kz : lie. Wha is i ? a place by he i e , on he sho e; The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion: English: lie. a place nex o a ho el, a place nex o a ho el; Piesk-[…]nė d . ss: school. She is a eache . sand, sandy soil, sandy g ound; I 's called a equila. This is a lie. *p ac ice o o he wise. he ou le s, he ou le , he ou le
(?)’; P uden ial p . I 's a lie. he pond, plg. he pond […] he pond […]; P -d-y p . gdl:
school. he p oduc ; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
English: lie. sou ce means a wa e sou ce ha lows om he g ound; Run o un.
KZR: school. he edge o he g ound, he edge o he ield, he edge; D . V , please. o
a kind used in mo o ehicles R-wa e p . P onuncia ion o skol b own, loamy soil
wi h a mix u e o u , b own; ea h wi h o e impu i ies; The Tak-nė p . he
ollowing able is added: I 's a na ow oad o go; he ollowing pa ag aph is added: a
na ow plo o land; Tù p-inė p . (Spanish p onuncia ion) he ollowing able is
inse ed: p isone s o wa ; Valak-na 2 p. . is he name o he ship. O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion: The alley o he p . P onuncia ion o skol alkas […] plo o land o abou wen y- wo en hs […]; I 's called he Ziegd -Kine D b. I'm no going o lie o you. sands one, g a el, and g a el; The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion: S.S. is lying. he edge o he i e , he ese oi , he wa e cou se; lion, on he banks o a i e o lake
, on he o he hand, can be de i ed om lie. he dis ic , he dis ic o he
dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic o he dis ic O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel he ollowing able is added: ish in he sea
i gin land;
The 5 h is he ac ha you can' ge he name o a coun y by jus looking a i . The ca iage, -ė
‘ ha is [...] by he oad.

86
daLia sVide skienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
-inės: Angl-nės a . k sn: lie. angls6; Du p-nės p . kz : lie. dù pė, dù pės;
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he
applica ion o his Regula ion. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: o a kind used in
he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 he ollowing able is added: he hood;
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . This is a lie. kemsas a piece o land co e ed wi h s aw o g ass o a piece o land co e ed wi h s aw o g ass; O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel he ollowing able is inse ed: O he , o a a con en , by weigh I on and s eel mills he ollowing pa ag aph is added: O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils - he Land o he Rising Sun, p. . This is a lie. he bo de , he bo de , he wall; o a kind used in mo o ehicles
kas, sklypelis; upu is’;
-inis: Kamp-nis d ., p . M j, p . P n: lie. kapas; Pagi -nis d b. ž. kz : lie.
he edges o he ibs, ibs and
ibs; ield a he u n […]7;
Pa ieškel-inis d . ss: lie. I 's on i s
way, i 's on i s way.
I has been obse ed ha physiog aphic e ms make up he la ges p opo ion (40%) o
he p e ix in en ions (see annex, diag am 2), in he a ea unde s udy. In his g oup, I
made he p eposi ions -inė ediniai. They make up 91% o all place names in his g oup.
o he weddings a e made wi h he su ix -ingalūni in a ian s: 5 % o weddings a e made
wi h -inės, 3 % wi h -inis. One ma iage is w i en wi h -i. The e's a lo o esea ch going
on in he ield o ag icul u e ha 's come ou o his. he emainde . The p eposi ions
-in ediniai, he basic wo d o which is he a o emen ioned appella i e, a e w i en in
almos all he u al languages o he dis ic unde s udy (balbie iškio, gudelių,
kal a ijos, liuba o, liud ina o, k osnos, sasna o and šila o o). This could indica e ha in
he plains, any une enness o he land su ace did no go unno iced and was somehow
named8 (in he case o ag icul u al wo k […] kups u).
F om he appella i e o e, which is qui e o en used in he language o he Vedas, i
seems o mean no only poo , we land wi h a mix u e o clay, o e, land wi h a
mix u e o o e. possible cases whe e us means ball us 9
Kapas and gãlas a e wo mo e appeals, om which p eposi ions -in ediniai
a e o en made.
such ag onyms, he base wo d o which is he nomencla u e e m o he designa ed objec , a e no
w i en in hese dis ic s. 6 The meanings o he epea ed common wo ds wi h which hey a e
associa ed, om which he e ymology o he ag onyms is de i ed, a e no indica ed in he a icle. 8 In he
s udy o ano he oponymic class in he dis ic o Ma ijampolė […] sudu inius o onimus […] i was
7 žemė a dis galė ų bū i pada y as iesiog iš lie. pagi nis, -ė, ačiau kazlų ūdos alsčiaus seno ės
kaimo anke os ie o a džių už ašy ojas okių duomenų nepa eikia. kadangi ag onimo da ybos pama as
y a nep iesaginis apelia y as (pagi s), da inys laikomas p iesagos -in- ediniu (plg. 3 išnašą).
obse ed ha in his a ea o en (89%) place names a e made by a combina ion wi h he lexema kálnas in
he second syllable
(See also Swedish 2006: 57).
See also 9. Vanagas 1996: 9497, whe e explaining he name o he ci y Kazl Rūdà, belonging o he
i iamam a ealui, kilmę, discusses in de ail he possibili ies o explaining he o igin o he second place name Rūdà.
dėl Ma ijampolės apsk i ies
ag onimų – p iesagos -in- edinių
87 a icles by a icle
1.2. Names de i ed om plan names
- he Alksn-[…]nė p . kz , Ld n: o lie. aaxis ee o he be y amily (Alnus);
A el-[…]nė p . is he name o he municipali y. he ollowing pa ag aph is added:
ã elis ‘bal plan wi h long, s ongly ag an lea es (Aco us calamus); A žuol-nė
p . is loca ed a : he ollowing able is inse ed: English: lie. a zuola " e y
ha dwood olia ed ee (Que cus) " Asse -based p . B b, gdl, wo p . cl, k sn, and
p . Lb , P n, and Šil; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. o a kind used in mo o ehicles The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion: cl, Ld n, wo p . This is a lie. shel e
‘A spo ine plan o he amily o he
small-lea ed, glossy lea es o he amily
o he small-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed, glossy-lea ed
’; The a ia ion indus y This is a lie. A ižà ‘ a
cul i a ed plan whose g ains a e used o
eed and ood (A ena); he g ain o ha plan
’; This is Baland-nė p . M . Lie, please. o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87
[…]Toxic plan o he amily Chenopodium[…]10; Be ž-nė p . gdl, 4 p . This is a lie.
he whi e lea y ee o Be ula; The bulb is d . igl: school. bulbė ‘ da žo ė, he
oo s o which a e ich in s a ch (Solanum ube osum); he oo o he
ege able
’; Búž-inė 2 p. . ( o me ly known as Búž-inė) M . Lie, please. he buzza d, he
squi el, he wol hound (Typha); Cibul-[…]nė 3 p. . ( o me ly known as
Cibul-[…]nė) Ld n: school. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion
by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Czech Republic gdl: school. Ches nu s […] sha p-scen ed ga lic (Allium sa i um) […]; Dilg[…]l-inė p . is he name o he i e . M . Lie, please.
I'm going o bed.
žolinis augalas, ku io s iebas i lapai su dilginančiais plaukeliais (U ica)
’;
Di s-nė p . Ld n: lie. d sė ‘
O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel g owing in b omine (B omus) […];
D ebul-[…]nė p . ( o me ly known as
D ebul-[…]nė) kz : lie. Wha is i ? d ebul […] a
ype o ee wi h embling lea es, epušė (Populus emula)
’; Eglon and he 2nd Ba alion. This is a lie. […]glė […] e e g een
coni e ous ee wi h dense b anches o ming a cone-shaped
ainiką (Picea)
’; Geguž-nė 2nd dis ic o a kind used in mo o ehicles Geguž-inė p . ( o me ly
known as Geguž-inė) I'm no going o lie o you. g ass ha g ows in swamps (gegužs
os) gegužis
asiūklis, kežė ys (Equise um)
’; Glúoks-ninė p . P n: lie.
glúoksnis ‘
ee o he amily Gluosnidae,
willow (Salix) […]; Gluos-ninė illage B b, wo pages.
This is a lie. glúnis […] a ee o
he amily gluosniidae, willow
(Salix) […]; This is Ka kl-nė p . c sn, Lb ; and
Ca cassonne and i s de i a i es he ollowing pa ag aph is added: a ee o sh ub o he amily Gluosnidae
(Salix cine ea), pl. ly. "g ass" means "g ass o he same kind"; Kle -na o p. . This is a lie. Klo as is a
b oad-lea ed ee o he amily Kle ni, Ace . Copy o he D . Igl, p. . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he
illage o "K yžmažiedžių amily lapinė da žo ė (B assica) "; The Lapland 3 p . he ollowing pa ag aph is
added: Lapug-[…]nė illage c sn: school. […] lea […]pu ina (Cal ha palus is) […]; and The Lapland 3 d p. . 10 o
. o igin see also LVž i 322333, whe e he possibili y o explaining he o igin o place names is p o ided. The
bi d, he a en, he a en. wild boa (Columba) […]. In he opinion o he au ho o he a icle, appa en ly, a
di e en e sion o he explana ion o he o igin o he place name is also possible. Acco ding o he A las
o Whi e Languages, he common wo d balañdis is used h oughou he e i o y o he Low Coun ies, in
adjacen wes e n highlands and in some eas e n highland pane ėžys (p. 89). in he Li huanian-speaking a ea
unde in es iga ion, he appella ion ka lis is used, which, acco ding o he a o emen ioned a las, is
common in mos o Li huania: h oughou he highland a ea, as well as in some sou he n and eas e n
sou he n lowland aseniskia slopes (see p. 90; see also map p. 149). aking in o accoun , he name o he meadow in he a icle is associa ed wi h he lie.
he balanda is p o ided in he sec ion
on subs an i es, in he seman ic
g oup o plan names.
88 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI k sn: school. he lea […]pu iena (Cal ha
daLia sVide skienė
palus is)[…]; The Lénd -ína 2 p . English: lie. he aqua ic plan o he amily o he
long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he
long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he
long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he
long-s emmed plan s o he amily o he long-s emmed plan s he common peacock
(Ph agmi es communis); No less han € 2 gdl, p . Lb ; and Nend -[…]nė 2 p. . and he
ollowing pa ag aphs a e added: gdl, 4 p . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying
down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Lb , Ld n, and The Nend -in
p . I'm no going o lie o you. wa e plan o he genus nénd ė ‘ a pinių ilgu
uščia idu iu s iebu (Ph agmi es communis); The Papa -[…]nė p . he ollowing
pa ag aph is added: papayas, spo es wi h la ge ca p lea es (D yop e is); Pupelaišk-inė
p. . (also known as Pupelaišk-inė) Ld n: o lie. *pupelaiškė o he like, plg. lie. pùpalaškė
"medicinal plan o he genus Menyan hes i olia a o he amily Gen ianidae"
Push-in, Push-in and p. . This is a lie. pušs e e g een ee wi h long spikes and ound
pine ees (Pinus); The ug- - no he p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: ye, ye
lou (win e ) ja a, om which b ead (secale) is made om g ain lou ; he g owing
ield o hese c ops; Sãman-inė p . ( o me ly known as Sãman-inė) O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion Saman-[…]nė 3 p. . (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Tu kish ele ision se ies. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Lb ; and The same-nined 2nd p . he ollowing able is added: This is a lie. Samanna, a spo ine plan wi h oo hai s ins ead o oo s (B yophy a) Se ben -[…]nė p . ( o me ly known as Se ben -[…]nė) Lb , ss; and The Se ben -in p . Ld n: o lie. se ben à, se beñ as ‘ aisk ūmis wi h edible b ownish-swee ed, yellow o black be ies (Ribes); The silicon 2 p . Lb ; and This is Siūkl-nė p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: siklė, siklis ‘a spo id plan o he legume amily wi h small glossy lea es, iaušis (Equise um); I 's called he Sk obl-nė d . ss: lie. o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87
" ee o he be y amily, ha dwood (Ca pinus) " Smlg-inė p . is he name o he
company. Lb ; and Smilg-[…]nė p. . ( o me ly known as Smilg-[…]nė) Ld n: o lie. smlga
‘g ass o he wa p amily wi h a husk in he o m o an ag os is; Smukn-[…]nė p . (also
known as Smukn-[…]nė) K sn, Smukn-inė p . (also known as K sn, Smukn-inė p .) he
ollowing able is added: g ass, g ass-like g ass in he lowlands; The Spanish-speaking
-inė p . igl: lie. šel kšnis ‘šal ekšninių šeimos k ūmas a medelis (F angula)’; Še -
pa . English: lie. Spanish o "spangled"; S adal-[…]nė p . is loca ed a : Ld n: o lie. […]
daugiame is o namen al sh ub o ee (Co nus) […] This Regula ion shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o
he Eu opean Union. I'm no going o lie o you. g ass […] g ass, ha d g ass […]11; g ass
o he Še mukšn-[…]nė Ld n: o lie. she mùkšnis […] ee o he amily E škė inių wi h
ed be ies (So bus)[…]; F esh o chilled I 's a lie. sludge, sludge, sludge o sludge wi h
impu i ies o o ganic ma e ; such clay soil; This is a e y impo an poin . Ld n: o lie.
he ollowing A icle is inse ed: Uos-[…]nė p. . ( o me ly known as Uos-[…]nė) I 's a lie.
" ee o he amily Aly ididae wi h ca p-shaped lea es and ha dwood (F axinus)";
Viks -[…]nė p . ( o me ly known as Viks -[…]nė) O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel Viks -inė p . (Spanish p onuncia ion) he ollowing pa ag aph is added: iks à […] pe ennial g ass o he iks inių amily (Ca ex) […]; The Vikš -inė p . kz : lie. Wha is i ? O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils his plan as g ass o hay; The Vingi -inė p . This is a lie. […] ing is […] he genus o pe ennial g asses o he amily Thalic um o he Ved ynidae[…]; Vinkšn-[…]nė p. . (also known as Vinkšn-[…]nė) This is a lie. nkšna, inkšnà ee o he amily Guobini (Ulmus); Yellow-
- No, M . L. is lying. g ass […]
any he baceous (g owing o
skinned) plan […], ly. g een
g own a ea;
- o he Nend -[…]nės p . English: lie. no less han € 5 The Saman-[…]nės p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he ollowing pa ag aph is added: Small and medium-sized en e p ises
- o a kind used in mo o ehicles he ollowing pa ag aph is added: o smell;
The names o he 11 bee s can be made di ec ly om he milk. The dee , - he dee , as ough as a dee .
dėl Ma ijampolės apsk i ies
ag onimų – p iesagos -in- edinių
89 a icles by a icle
- he A žuol-inis p . he ollowing able is
added: O he ege ables p epa ed o
p ese ed by inega o ace ic acid
B õk-inis d . ss: lie. Wha a e you doing?
he b ick is a kind o da jeeling; he
oo s o ha ege able; unkel (Be a)
[…]12; Róp-inis d . ss: lie. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. he o age o edible da žo ė o he amily o c oss-pollina ed ees o he ounded, la ge oo (B assica apa)
’; Saman-[…]nis p . and he ollowing pa ag aph is added:
he ollowing pa ag aph is added: I 's called Ski ps -nis
a . This is a lie. […] skips ha […] omo ow (Fagus) […];
Sk obl-[…]nis l. Lb : lie. This is he i s ime I' e seen
his. he sc ub; The sc ew-in p . he ollowing
pa ag aph is added: sc ub las […] a ee o he amily
Ca pinus in ha d wood […]; Tabok-nis l. pa o he ss:
lie. abokà, abõkas […] a plan o he amily
Nico ianaceae.
I has been obse ed ha in he g oup o plan names, he p e ix -inė ediniai is
used. They make up 91% o he o al popula ion o his g oup. o he ma iages
a e made wi h he su ix -ingalūnių in a ian s: wi h -inės made 2 % o ma iages, wi h -inis […] 7 %. wi h
- The ma iage ce i ica es a e no w i en.
in he a ea unde in es iga ion, ag o-landscapes a e made om ees (a[…]ksnis,
a zuolas, ski[…]ps as, sc õblas, […]a išna, inkšnà) and om he names o plan s
g owing in a ious places: we lands (ã elis), soils (asi[…]klis), ga dens (b õkas, ópė),
meadows (sm[…]lga), ields (nkžà). The mos common base wo ds a e hese lexemes:
asiklis, nénd ė, sãmana, iks à. I can be seen om he insc ip ions o place names
o he class unde conside a ion used in he li ing language ha a he same ime in
he same local space he place names wi h he su ix -ini a e made in i s inal
yšį su lie. asiklis i lie. siklė, siklis; su lapūk- i lapūg-, odančių yšį su skol.
lapgas i skol. lapkas; su lend - i nend -, odančių yšį su lie. lénd ė i lie. nénd-
a ian s om adjacen o ms wi h he syllable - sugges ing ; wi h a sc ubbe , a
sc ubbe , indica ing a connec ion wi h a lie. The wo y is gone. I 's a sc ewd i e . I
is belie ed ha he dis inc a ia ion o he a ied lexemes o his s udy could be
conside ed as a cha ac e is ic ea u e o he speci ic a ea unde s udy. 1 .3 . Vedic
names o animals -inė: Án -inė p . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: Án is […] domes ic
o wild wa e owl (Anas) […]; Ba suk-in o This is a lie. The ollowing species a e
included in he lis o endange ed species: D[…]l-in he p . O he , o ci cula
c oss-sec ion Because o he p . O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion Because o he p .
Ld n: o lie. because o he blood-sucking wo m o he blue wa e s, he ca e pilla
(Hi udo medicinalis) Gaid-[…]nė p . ( o me ly known as Gaid-[…]nė) Ld n: o lie. […]s […]
poul y, male chickens (Gallus gallinaceus) […]; and This is Gy a -nė p . o a kind used in
mo o ehicles Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he
p oduc . he ollowing pa ag aph is added: long body, wi hou legs, wi h poisonous
ee h, ipe , ipe , ipe (Vipe a be us) […]; Ja ub-[…]nė p. . (F ench p onuncia ion
(help·in o)) is a Swedish ac ess. This is a lie. he bi d o he amily Te e inidae, he
bi d o he amily Vi bė, he bi d o he amily Te ao bonasia; Ožk-[…]nė p. . (F ench
p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ele ision se ies. he ollowing pa ag aph is
added: ožkà ‘nedidelis aguo as a ajojan is (p onounced naminis) animal kep o
milk and mea ; Pemp-[…]nė p . and i s de i a i es kz : lie. Wha is i ? Vanel12
o he wise, does no exclude . o igin om p d. The b ake (LPž i 312) is an op ion.
96 ac a
daLia sVide skienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
Loca ion o he e e ences in he
sub-MiniMai b b […] balbiẽ iškis
(P […]enų .) Ld n […] Liud inã as
M j […] Ma ijámpolė igl […] iglišk[…]liai
he dis ic o Ma ijámpolė. P n […]
(Ma ijámpoles sa . .) ss […] Sasna à
This Regula ion shall
kz […] kazl[…] uda
Lb […] Liubã as (also known as Kal a í)
(Ma ijámpolės sa . .)
(Ma ijámpolės sa . .) is loca ed in
P enai kl […] Kal a ija
(Ma ijámpoles sa . .) is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name.
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
V […] Vei e ia[…] (p onounced like ha )
I don' know wha
else o do. […]
meadow dab. […]
las name is D . […]
he deb o is d b.
pe e ed n . […]
a imas d . […] soil
cu en gn. […]
objec name lg. […]
I 's a wo k in
uni o land pan. […]
plg. […] compa e
g azing a ea pp .
le el o he p . […]
p og ess. […]
simila meaning .
wi h p . […]
usually p d. His
p ussian school.
Li huanian p k. […]
[…] place name
ŠaL iniai
The whi e language o he A lan eans. P ospec us = a las o he Bal ic languages. P ospec us
= A las o he Bal ic Languages. A P ospec , au ho ed and edi ed by: danguolė Mikulėnienė, anna
s a ecka; he au ho o he map commen s: ilga jansone, anna s a ecka, ima bace ičiū ė,
as a Leskauskai ė; The compu e ized e sion o he map was p epa ed by Edmund T ump. :
La ian Language Ins i u e o he Uni e si y o La ia, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
2009. Lkže […] Li huanian language dic iona y, elec onic e sion. The commi ee o edi o s is
composed o : Ge uda Nach inienė (edi o ), Jonas Paulauskas, Ri u ė Pe okienė, Vy au as
Vi kauskas, and Jolan a Zaba skai ė. The commi ee o edi o s is composed o : Vilnius:
Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, 2008. Access o he In e ne : www.lkz.l . LPž iii […]
1985–1989.
Li huanian su name dic iona y 12, edi ed by Alexande Vanagas. Vilnius: Science, LVž and […]
Bilkis Laimu is, Maciejauskienė Vi alija, and Ma ia Razmukai ė. She is also a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Vilnius Ci y Council. Glossa y o Li huanian place names 1. Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, 2008.
The au ho o he book "Ba ku e Ne i" (The Toponymy o he Te i o y o he Joniškis
Dis ic : he Da yba and Raido Polynesia) The doc o al hesis. The Uni e si y o Vy au as
he G ea , he Uni e si y o Šiauliai. Bilkis Laimu is 2008: The wo k o he Li huanian
Hellenis s. Spices and he bal emedies.
Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e.

dėl Ma ijampolės apsk i ies
ag onimų – p iesagos -in- edinių
97s aipsniai / a icles
In 2004 she was awa ded he Nobel P ize in Economics o he wo k on he ag onomy
o cen al and no he n Li huania. Wo ds and aspec s o esea ch. I'm w i ing colo
eigh , eigh y-eigh . Enely ė Rena a (Li huanian: Enely ė Rena a) is a Li huanian place name o he no he n pa o Li huania. The doc o al hesis.
The Uni e si y o Vy au as he G ea .
In 2009 he was awa ded he p ize o his wo k "Li huanian O onimai." The doc o al
au o didžiojo uni e si e as, Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
kniūkš a P anas 1976: P iesagos -inis būd a džiai: da yba, eikšmės, g ama iniai sino-
hesis. I 's a win. Vilnius: The science.
"P aise he Lo d!" 2000: F om he p e ace - he i s cha ac e is ic o pas and
p esen . Language cul u e 73, 35 and 47.
Małgoszczyk: The e ymology o he language Vilnius: The science. In he yea o ou
Lo d 2001 he oponyms o he Telšiai dis ic we e changed. The doc o al hesis. The
Uni e si y o Vy au as he G ea .
Mykola Ilona, he au ho o Ag onomy. […] Language s udies 8, 27 and 30. Ma ia
Razmukai ė 1998: Li huanian p ecep s and oikonimai. The doc o al hesis. Li huanian
Language Ins i u e and Vy au as Magnus Uni e si y. The name "Sa ukynas" was coined
in 1963 by he Li huanian local au ho i ies. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 6, 235
[…] 246.
SINKEVICHYUTE DAIVA, 2006: The sociolinguis ic si ua ion in no heas e n Li huania,
acco ding o a su ey conduc ed by he... This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean
Union. In 2005, he Ma ijampolė Coun y Council app o ed he Ma ijampolė Ru al Local
Go e nmen Ac . […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 52, 91[…]118. […] Ac a Linguis ica
Li huanica 52, 91[…]118. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 52, 91[…]118. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 52, 91[…]118. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 52, 91[…] which is also known as he Li huanian Language Ac . In 2006, he Ma ijampolė Coun y Cou o Appeal uled in a o o he Swedish pa . This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In he 2010 edi ion o he magazine, he Ma ijampolė egion was awa ded he i le
o he egion's bes ag icul u al egion. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 62[…]63,
97[…]127. This is he i s ime ha he Ac has been amended. Alexande Vanaga
(1970), he ounde o he Li huanian Hyd oelec ic Powe Company. Vilnius: The
science. Alexande Vanaga, The Names o he Ci ies o Li huania Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house.
The esea ch o a chaic oponymy ca ied ou o his day has no wi nessed such an ex ensi e use
daLia sVide skienė
o he su ix "-in" o ming de i a i es om appella i es (abou hal o all su ix de i a i es) and a
on he ag onyms – de i a i es
o he su ix -in- in Ma ijampolė coun y
pa icula ly small numbe ( hi y eco ded ins ances) o compound geni i e-case ag onyms o
appella i e o igin, as wi nessed in he in e wa Field-Name ques ionnai es o Sis in he a ea unde
analysis. i is a new ac supplemen ing he esul s o he esea ch on he oponymy o he
sou he n pa o Li huania. Au hen ic da a una ec ed by ex e nal ac o s (collec i isa ion, land
imp o emen , Sla onisa ion), which was eco ded in he in e wa pe iod, was examined in he mos
Ma ijampolė coun y. he quan i a i e p e alence o he de i a i es wi h he su ix -in- is mos
likely a p oo o he speci ic cha ac e o he class (sub-class) o he place names unde analy-
impo an aspec s o he esea ch o p ope wo ds: wo d- o ma ion and o igins. The addi ional
in o ma ion con ained in he ield name ques ionnai es con ibu ed o a mo e accu a e
iden i ica ion o he me hod o wo d o ma ion and base wo ds o he place names unde analysis. In
his way, he exis ing in e p e a ions o he o ma ion and o igins o he place names o his a ea
we e supplemen ed and e ised. Thei impo ance will un old in he u u e when compiling a
syn he ic wo k on Li huanian oponymy: hey will o e mo e accu a e e sions o he o igins o
ield names and help o iden i y he place names in he wo d amilies o med, e c. The lexemes
iden i ied in he s udy, om which he de i a i es o he su ix -in a e o med, e ealed he
peculia cha ac e is ics o he elie , lo a and auna o a speci ic a ea o he Li huanian language.
The da a could be use ul and in e es ing o e hnologis s o he esea che s o o he ields and
could help o know he o me esiden s o he a ea, hei men ali y and wo ld- iews o an e en
be e deg ee. In o de o p ese e he names o he smalles land a eas as a speci ic pa o he
lexicon, mos suscep ible o a ia ion, i is essen ial o con inue he esea ch and publica ion o he
place names o his class.
Deli e ed on 12 Janua y 2012
daLia sVide skienė
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
[email p o ec ed]
[email p o ec ed]