48 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
The wo d "onomas ic" is de i ed om he P ussian-Li huanian
language. Keywo ds: occupa ional su name, P ussia Mino , onomas ics.
ch is iane schiLLe
humbold -uni e si ä zu be lin
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: P ussian-Li huanian lexicog aphy,
onomas ics, Bal ic-Ge man language, li e a u e and cul u al
ela ions.
In he case o p o essions ela ed
o he p o essions o he
P ussian-Li huanian
P ussian Li huanian Kalboje commen a y A he hea o he a icle is a class o names wi h he
occupa ional names, which in Li huanian onomas ic esea ch, unlike, o example, in Ge man and
English, has no ye been iden i ied as an independen class o names. F om a sou ce o
P ussian-Li huanian p o enance om he 18 h cen u y, all amily names classi ied as p o essional
names we e eco ded and classi ied acco ding o de i a ional mo phological and seman ic
p inciples. In addi ion, he equency o indi idual occupa ional names and hei de i a ions was
de e mined, which made i possible o make s a emen s abou he sp ead o indi idual occupa ional
ields wi hin he Li huanian-speaking communi y. Finally, p oblems ela ed o he classi ica ion o
occupa ional names a e discussed.
anno a ion his pape ocuses on occupa ional su names. Unlike Ge man and English esea ch,
Li huanian onomas ics has no paid a en ion o occupa ional su names as a name class o i s own
un il now. The basis o he esea ch esul s p esen ed he e is a Li huanian-P ussian sou ce
om he beginning o he 18 h cen u y. F om his sou ce all occupa ional su names a e
exce p ed and classi ied acco ding o de i a ional-mo phological and seman ic p inciples.
Fu he mo e, he equency o some occupa ional su names and hei de i a ions a e
de e mined, which gi es in o ma ion abou he dis ibu ion o some occupa ions wi hin he
Li huanian-speaking communi y. A he end o his pape , p oblems wi h classi ying occupa ional
su names a e discussed.
be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen
49s aipsniai a icles occupa ional names ha e ha dly been he subjec o scien i ic
esea ch in Li huanian onomas ics so a . This is pa ly due o he ac ha , unlike in
Ge man-language onomas ics, hey a e no shown he e as an independen class o
su names, bu a e assigned o he class o su names. Impo an o he G ea
Li huanian language a ea a e only he wo ks o Zigmas Zinke ičius (1977: 59 […] 62) and
(2008: 5 […] 548). In his con ex , he s udy by as a u bona ičiū ė (2005) should be
men ioned o P ussian-Li huania. In he con ex o his a icle, he class o di ec
occupa ional names o P ussian-Li huanian is examined. The di ec occupa ional
names e e o he o iginal main occupa ion as well as o he seconda y occupa ion,
he social posi ion o o he du ies exe cised by he nominees (kunze 1998: 107). The
lich aus beinamen gebilde en amiliennamen e s anden, die sich sowohl au die
sou ce basis o his s udy is he di ec o y o o icial a me s and Kölme s in
no he n Eas P ussia published by ho s kenkel in 1972 a ound 1736 (con inuing o be
ci ed as k), om which he egis e iii […]Li aue […] (k 249[…]273) and iV […]kölme und
e b eie[…] (k 273[…]282) we e e alua ed. This lis co e s he his o ical amily name
s ock in P ussian Li huania o he pe iod unde conside a ion. Due o he ac ha
in he 18 h cen u y he o ma ion o su names was no ye comple ed, he e is a
conc e e link o he occupa ion. he exe cise o he ac i i ies o he espec i e
bea e s o he name o hei immedia e ances o s. In his espec , he iden i ied
su names can p o ide insigh in o he occupa ional ields ac ually p ac ised by
Li huanians.
In con as o Ge man su names, whe e di ec occupa ional names a e among he mos common su names
in gene al,4 in P eu1 in Ge man-language onomas ics, su names a e usually di ided in o i e classes:
su names om nicknames, su names acco ding o o igin, su names acco ding o place o esidence,
su names acco ding o occupa ion, o ice and ank, as well as su names om su names, c . Ziegle (1968:
98 […] 120), Ziegle (1998: 38), Kohlmann (2008: 21 […] 63 […] u […] iii 2), so as he con en s o he lis (s) shows ha
he su name (s) is ela ed o he su name (s). aleksand as Vanagas (1999: 470 .) in his classi ica ion o
Li huanian su names comple ely omi s he classi ica ion o occupa ional names. 3 In he case o indi ec
occupa ional names, pe sons a e iden i ied by he ools, p oduc s, wo k clo hing and o he i ems ypical
o hei occupa ion. named, e.g. Flou ouse s o a bake o coppe ouse s o a blacksmi h. he
indi ec occupa ional names ake an in e media e posi ion be ween he occupa ional name and he
su name, as hey e e o he occupa ion only in a me onymical way. This is no he case in he Uni ed
Kingdom. 4 he posi ion 1-14 o he mos common Ge man su names is aken by di ec occupa ional names,
c . Mülle , Schmid , Schneide , Fische , Webe , Meye , Wagne , Becke , Schulz, Ho mann, Schä e , Baue ,
Koch, Rich e . He was also a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . Only in posi ion 15 ollows an assumed
name wi h Klein. Sou ce: opnames 5000. This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
50 ac a
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Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
Li huanian-Li huanian he di ec occupa ional names o Li huanian o igin in di ec
compe i ion o he pa onymics and su names. These di e ences a e explained
p ima ily by he di e en genesis o bo h naming sys ems. The sys em o Ge man
su names was essen ially shaped in he con ex o medie al ci ies, whe e, due o a
ela i ely high popula ion densi y and occupa ional se lemen , he occupa ion o e ed
i sel as he naming mo i . On he o he hand, in P ussian Li huania, small-scale
se lemen s uc u es wi h a sligh ly p onounced di ision o labou (and a
co espondingly li le di e en ia ed occupa ional s uc u e) p e ailed, in which he
o ma ion o amily names p ima ily goes back o pa onymic, i.e. su name-based, as well
as su name-based educa ional pa e ns. The only excep ion is he su name Kalwis, which
will be discussed below. In connec ion wi h he p esen a ion o he o ms o names in he
co pus, i should be bo ne in mind ha he eco ding can usually be ca ied ou by
Ge mans. As a esul , i mus be assumed ha he Li huanian names a e no accu a e,
i.e. no sound. In addi ion, aspec s o he in eg a ion o Li huanian names in o he
wu de, bei denen die kenn nis des Li auischen nich zwangsläu ig o ausgese z
Ge man language sys em mus be aken in o accoun on a phone ic and mo phological
le el. he P ussian-Li huanian o ms o names a e gi en he e in hei o iginal spelling; he
Li huanian compa a i e ma e ial in he s anda d linguis ic o hog aphy. Va ia ions due
o he con empo a y eco ding con ex a e no commen ed on.
1 . Men yPen unde de i a ionsMo PhoLogischeM and gene ischeM asPek
occupa ional names can be di ided on he basis o he unde lying appella i e
unde de i a ionsmo phological aspec in o simplizia, de i a e and composi a.
1 .1 . simplizia as simplizia a e conside ed a his poin all o iginal Li huanian
lexemes, which a e synch onous, e e ing o he pe iod unde conside a ion
(17 h-18 h cen u y),
be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen
51s aipsniai a icles can nei he be analysed as de i a i es no as composi es.
Acco ding o his de ini ion, he only simplizia in he co pus can be he name o ms
based on he occupa ional designa ion kál is5 ‘smi h Kalwis (K 53, k 140), Kalwies (K 20, k
32, k 35 u. a.), Calwis (K 131) and Kalwis (K 131) espec i ely. This ac sugges s a high age
o educa ion, which is an exp ession o he ea lies di ision o labou . The ou s anding
posi ion o his p o ession is documen ed by he high equency o di ec
occupa ional names wi h he meaning " o ge " in all Eu opean languages.7
1.2. de i a e he Li huanian o ms wi h he de i a ion a ixes -ius and -ininkas
(-inykas) nomina agen is. Wi h a designa ion o a ool o a p oduc as he basis o
de i a ion, hese ac as occupa ional names om which di ec occupa ional
names can be de i ed.
1.2.1. - The ius8. he o ma ion o occupa ional names wi h he de i a ion su ix -ius
is complex and usually includes, in addi ion o he su ix, me a onic in he oo , c .
puõdžius o púodas (s undžia 2009: 127). The occupa ional names o his ype a e
common in his co pus. he de i ed basis o he co esponding appella ion can be
bo h an he edi a y wo d, as in Balnus (K 30 u.a.) o li . banius ‘sa le (see li . bálnas
‘sa el), Gi nus (K 20 u.a.) o li . ginius ‘Mühlens ein blue (see li . g nos
‘Mühls eine), Di szus (K 32 u.a.) o li . dižius li i (see li . dijas iemen) as well as a
leaning wo d, as in Bludszus (K u.a.) o li . kubdschüssel (see li . kubda. schüssel om
li . w . kubd), (see li . kubd. kubd. kubb. he pala abili y o he consonan p eceding
he lexion exi emains gene ally unma ked in he amily names examined.
5 all s anda d Li huanian e e ence o ms a e ci ed acco ding o he Lkže. 6 Bo h P anas ska džius
(1943 [1996]: 379) and Lkg i (§ 530) analyze kál is as a de i a ion om he e b kál i wi h he su ix - is
(ska džius - ja-). This in e p e a ion is ce ainly jus i ied om a diach onic poin o iew, bu i
does no do jus ice o he synch onous inding, since he su ix - is has long since ceased o be
p oduc i e and he e o e does no p o ide a co esponding o e iew in he pe iod unde
meh zu bildung on nomina agen is und dami zu bildung on be u snamen e wende wu de.
conside a ion. 8 o his ype o wo d o ma ion s. ska džius (1943 [1996]: 78).
52 ac a
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Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
1.2.2. - The nin h. appella i e wi h he p oduc i e su ix -ininkas also in he mode n
Li huanian s anda d language a e he basis o a a ie y o o he occupa ional
names. In his case oo, in addi ion o he co esponding he edi a y wo ds, such as
D awenings (K 100) o li . d a iniñkas ‘beu ne (see li . d a ė o d a s ‘bees), La
Kalings (K 188) o li . laukiniñkas ‘baue (see li . lakas eld ‘ža) o Sza dinings (K 131) o
li . din ‘gä ne s ock (see li . dis ossga en), as well as loan wo ds, such as
Kalkinings (K u a.) o li . kálkinkas b enne (see li . kálkinkas om m. 10), K ingenings (K
u a) o li . m. 122, K inkas om m. 127, o K inkas om m. mū (e) o mnd. I'm no going
o do ha . he su ix -iniñkas shows in he amily names examined he educ ion o
he owel in uns essed syllables ypical o Ge man, so ha i is usually no ed as
-enings. Occasionally, occupa ional names can be aced back o appella i es o med
by a ibe using bo h a ixes, c . Ku penings (K 37) o he li . cu pininkas
[…]schus e […] and Ku pius (K 59 u. a.) o he li . ku[…]pius […]schus e […] o Pli zus (K
90) o he li . plyčius […]ziegelmache , ziegle […] and Plie enings (K 117) o he li .
ply ininkas […]ziegelmache , ziegle […].
1.2.3. - Ele en o hem. - ep esen s ano he , s ill p oduc i e de i a ion a ix, which
is used o o m nomina agen is. The p eposi ional s em o he e b se es as he
basis o de i a ion. Howe e , he e is ha dly any e idence in he p esen co pus o
occupa ional names ha can be aced back o occupa ional names o med wi h
his a ix. Only one co esponding occupa ional name could be p o en he e: Audeyus
(K14) o li . aud[…]jas […]Webe […]. This inding la gely coincides wi h ha o
Zinke ičius (2008: 539-548). In addi ion o Audėjas (541), he leads only Kalėjas
[…]schmied[…] (543). The his o ically well-a es ed […]u ibe audėjus12 appa en ly
ollows he pa e n o he o he occupa ional names on -ius.
1 .3 . composi a he numbe o di ec p o essional names ha can be aced back o a compound
appella i e is small, and hus co esponds o he ole o he 9 o his wo d o ma ion ype s.
ska džius (1943 [1996]: 140[…]148). All 10 o hem. and mnd. o ms a e ci ed acco ding o he eWd. 12
cou se cha (1876: 204). Lkže also ci es e idence om he dic iona ies o Kons an inas Si ydas and
Ch is ian Go lieb Mielcke.
11 zu diesem Wo bildungs yp s. ska džius (1943 [1996]: 83 .).

be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen
53s aipsniai a icles composi ion wi hin he Li huanian wo d o ma ion. In his
case, i would be Šal kal is […]kal schmied[…], K aule(y)dies (K43 and a) o li .
zusammenhang die aus den en sp echenden appella i a gebilde en amiliennamen
Rupkalwis (K 139 u. a.) zu li . ùpkal is ‘g obschmied’, Schal kalwis (K 140) zu
k aujaleid[…]s […]ade lasse , sch öp e […] o Bandsze us (K142 and a) p esumably
o li . bañdšė is […]knech , who supplies he ca le[…]. E en in he case o
Bandsze us, i he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name is co ec , i can be
assumed ha he […]u ibe was in luenced by he o he […]u-s ammed
p o essional names.
1 .4 . Loan wo ds o m hei own class o di ec occupa ional names, names ha go
back o occupa ional names ha ha e been bo owed om Ge man o Sla ic
languages. he co esponding appella i es bo owed om Ge man a e de i ed om
bo h Middle High Ge man and Middle Low Ge man sou ces o bo owing, c .
Zimme mons (K 123) o he li . c[…]me monas < mhd. Zimme man, Becke is (K 30) o he
le . o mnd. Schippo us (K 104) o he li . špo ius < o he mnd. The skippe is he
skippe . he di ec occupa ional names based on he Sla ic bo owed appella i e go
back o loanwo ds om bo h Polish and Bela usian, whe eas in some cases he exac
sou ce is o en no known, c . Kawohl (K 146 and o he s) o li . ka õlis […]schmied[…] in
Polish. I 's called kowal o whi e usse . Ka al, Skam b aks (K31 and o he s) o he li .
skámb akas ‘playe in Polish. skomo och o Kaßemecks (K 90 and so on) o li .
kažemėkas […]ge be […] in whi e Russian. Le 's call i ha . Among he Sla ic
loanwo ds he e a e, as he co pus o zinke ičius (2008: 539 […] 548) shows, a numbe o
occupa ional names on -o ius, which a e due o co esponding Bela usian o Polish
o ma ions on -a j o -a z. occupa ional names o his ype we e no only pa e ns
o he ep oduc ion o occupa ional names in Li huanian, as in he case o S iglo us
(K 97) o li .
I 's s icky .
[…]glase […]13, he e-analyzed de i a ional su ix -o ius also eplaced he
expec ed su ix -e is om open Ge man (c .
ba in Schippo us (K 104) zu li . špo ius auch das en sp echende, ü en lehungen
I 's called a
"shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe"
(See also
I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou .
13 ska džius (1931 [1998]: 264) akes o li . s iklo ius a ans o ma ion o w uss. S ekla on he
basis o li . s […]klas […]glass[…] on.
14 a Sla ic media ion sugges ed by he su ix -o ius is no a i s likely, since he co esponding
occupa ional name poln is bo owed om Ge man. Szype and Linde V
633) is as ollows:
54 ac a
ch is iane schiLLe
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
2.Men yPen unde seMan ischeM asPek al eady zinke ičius (2008: 539[…]548), which
p o ides a comp ehensi e lis o Li huanian occupa ional names, has made a
co esponding classi ica ion. I dis inguishes ou subclasses: 1. social posi ion, 2.
o ice, 3. c a , 4. The mili a y. This subclassi ica ion can be ex ended by
di e en ia ing he occupa ional ields in he ield o handic a s. A his poin , a
modi ied e sion o he classi ica ion ci ed by kunze (1998: 107 .) should be used as a
basis. In addi ion o he di ec occupa ional names de i ed om he occupa ional
names, i hese a e no hemsel es angible, he pa onymic de i a ions o med by
hese a e aken in o accoun .15
1. Ag icul u e-Laukenings (K 188) o he
123) liche p o essions, o he li .
Waldund […] (la ge) a me […],
ga dene […], pond a ming, Bandsze us
bañdšė is […] se an o he o iginal
li . laukiniñkas […]baue […], Szemenings (K
ž[…]mininkas […]baue […], Uckeninck (K 133)
o he li . […]ki nin kas
18
Sza dinings (K 131) o li . ža[…]dininkas […]
(K 142 and o he s) p esumably o li .
p o ession who supplies he ca le […], Kume z (K 154 and o he s) o li .
I 's called he Bandszus
(K50). I 's called he
Bandžius Shephe d.
19
(K 30 and abo e) o he li . klãpčius […]knech […], Almonai is (K
72) Pa . o he li .
Almonas […]ho mann[…]20,
D awenings (K 100) o he li . d a iniñkas
I 's called "beu ne ".
15 I should like o hank M s As a U bona ičiū ė o he c i ical e iew o his epo and o he
u he commen s.
16 since li . žmininkas in addi ion o […]baue […] also allows he in e p e a ion […]mainland inhabi an […], his
name o m can po en ially also be classi ied as a name o o igin. 17 o his name o m is acco ding o LPž (i
186) in addi ion o he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name also a de i a ion om he Bela usian nickname
Bandyush ( o Benedic ) possible.
18 li es o wa e .
almonas in de bedeu ung ‘ho mann’ is in den Wö e büche n P eußisch-Li auens gu be-
I bege s, see.
Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana (ClG): Ho mann Álmonas, ô. M. (962); also known as Cla is
Ge manico-Li h ana Mo he Almonene o he Cou . F. (965); and Philipp calmly: Li huanian Ge man and
Ge man Li huanian Lexicon ( ž), Ho mann bey o he lease, ál=|| monas, ono, m. (208). Lkže also ci es a
documen om he Me ai by K is ijonas Donelai is: […]
I 's called a homann. [k] (1) The ollowing pa ag aph is added: 208 d a o pienininkas: i kaip kiaulės
álmono […] ik gėda saky i […] kiauliškas dainas dainuo i ž ieg užsimanė k. donel[…]. This is he
i s ime I ha e seen his song in my li e. In his espec , a his poin o almonas, he basis o
de i a ion o he noun o m Almonai is, he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name o he in
LPž (i 89) as a po en ially conside ed in e p e a ion o p e e as a wo-s o y pe sonal name (he e wi h
e e ence o Almonái is→Amonas→Amanas). This is also suppo ed by he ac ha he occu ences o
he amily names A[…]monas and Almonái is men ioned in LPž (i 89) e e p ima ily o places loca ed in he
immedia e icini y o he his o ical P ussian-Li huanian e i o y o which he appella i e almonas has
been p o en.
be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen
55s aipsniai a icles by
2. ood packaging (K 136) o he li .
he ade li . b[…]kė is […]bäcke […],
pak očius […]bäcke […], Becke is (K 30) o
Meßeningka is (K 166 u. a.) Pa . o he li .
m[…] sin […] leische […], B ui wele (K 68)
Pa . o he li . b (i) ù b aue […], Piwo (K
122) o he li .
I 's called a "b ewe ".
Me alwo king-Kalwis (K20 u.a.) o he li . kál is […]schmied[…], Kawohl
li . ùpkal is […]g obschmied[…], Schal kalwis (K140) o he li .
(K146 u.a.) o ung li . kalis õschmied[…], Rupkalwis (K139 u.a.) o he
šál kal is […]kalmied[…], K agenings (K122 u.a.) o he li . li . li k.
k ischeng[…], Ka illus (K32 u[…] a.) o Skaelius […]P annschmied[…],
Ka u adszus (K144) o he li . *Pannschmied […], Gel (K14) and o he s.
Gelleszus (K 114) o gelzius […]smi h, i on wo ke […]. 4. woodwo king
Dische a is (K 27 and o he s) Pa . o li .
I 's called
"Tischle ". I 's called "Deyluai is".
Pa . o he li . da[…]lius […] ischle ?[…], Dilluwa is (K77) Pa . o he li .
dielius […]b e schneide […], Geldszus (K64 and o he s) o he li .
*geldžius […] ögne […], Ske- (K95) o he li . kubö […]lius […]bche […];
Bu ke ai is (K 8 and abo e) Pa . o li .
schus (K 37) zu li .
skičius ‘he s elle on Webe kämmen’,
Kubillus
I is also known as he
"bo le " o he
illage, he "bo le "
o he illage, he
"bo le " o he
illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage.
Lea he p oduc ion Schicksnus (K 108 u.a.) o li . škšnius ‘Lea he
Ku penings (K 37) o li . kù pi nin ung kas ‘schus e , Šipius (K 59 u.a.)
Schus e , Ku us (K 759 o li . Balgius) o li . s. , Di (K 30 u.a.) o li . s.
make , Kaßemecks (K 90 and e a beiu. a.) o li . kažemkas ‘ge be ,
o li . kupius ‘schus e , Schus e ei (K 33 u.a.) o li . Pa is o li .
6. ex ile and clo hing
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc .
I is also known as Schneide ei (K9 u.a.) Pa . o li . šnede is
‘schneide , K au zuns (K13 u.a.) Pa . o li . k ačius ‘schneide ,
Kepu nings
(K 37) o he ha e o Kepu nikas, Audeyus (K 63 a) o he
ha e o Kaylus, Kuschne us (K 85 a) o he ha e o
Ku schno us (K 119 a) o he ha e o Kušni ius
I 's called a "kü schne ".
7. cons uc ion Mu eningk (K 157) o he li . m[…] ininkas […]Mau e […],
Zimme mons (K 123) o he li . c[…]me monas […]zimme mann[…],
Zimme nings (K 10) o he li . c[…]me ninkas […]zimme mann[…],
Kalkenings (K 116 u. a.) o he li . kálkininkas […]kalkb enne […], Pli zus (K
90) o he li . plyčius […]ziegelmache , ziegle […] and Plie enings (K 117) o
he li . ply le […]ziegelmache , ziegle […], S egus (K 10) o he li . s igius
[…]dach […]de[…], S icklo (K 150 u. a.) o he li .
O he e a -bloodsus (K 84 and o he s) o he li . blidžius
‘schüssle , Podszus (K 30 and o he s) o he li . puõ džius
‘Mühlens einhaue , ö zus (K 158) o he li . Re schus (K
‘schüssle , Bludenings (K 20) o he li . blidininkas
we be ‘ öp e , Gi nus (K 20 and o he s) o he li . ginius
162) o he li . siebshaue
56 ac a
ch is iane schiLLe
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
9. se ices p o ided by Ka zaunings (K 113) o li . ka čiáuninkas
[…]schankwi […], K au le(y)dies (K 43 u. a.) o li . k aujaleid[…]s
[…]ade lasse , sch öp e […], Waßenings (K 126) o li . ažiniñkas
[…] uh mann[…], Maynus (K 123 u. a.)
zu li . manius ‘ äusche , händle ’, Kup schus (K 157), Kubzus
(K57) o he li .
"me chan " o Kupucius.
10. äm e Bo meis a is (K 25) Pa . o li . bo meis as bu mis as
[…]Bü ge meis e […], Golmis e as (K 154) om d . Ga nmeis e […]helpsbeam e des
ischmeis e s[…] (Wenskus 1990, 48), Pa abulei (K. 53) p esumably Pa . o li .
pa óbelis […]Po abel, chu ch se an […], S a os (k. u. a.) o li . s ó as a […](o s)
[…]Vo s ehe […], Lau zas (K. 108 u. a.) o li . laučas […]jagdau sehe […], Packmo a is
(K. 139) Pa . o li . pakamė […]gu sau sehe […], Waßna (K. 120 a.) appa en ly o li .
11. Mili a y Sche wenings
(K 186) o he li . o
Šá ininkas […]zeugmeis e […], S al zuhns
(K 49) Pa . o he li .
s ečius, s ilčius […]schü ze[…].
12. o he Schippo us (K 104) o he li . špo ius […]schi e […], Bugeningk (K 97
and o he s) p esumably. I is also known as he "d umme " o he band, he
"d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band.
I 's called he "Shalmian Playe ".
4 . F eQuenz: oP 10 o he di ec occupa ional names P ussian-Li huanian a quan i a i e eco ding o he
di ec occupa ional names p o es o be ex emely di icul due o a ying o hog aphies. In addi ion,
many occupa ional names a e a ailable only h ough he co esponding pa onymic o ma ions. In his
espec , i seems app op ia e o ake in o accoun , in addi ion o he di ec p o essional names, he
pa onymics and pen he onymics o med om hem, since his is he only way o de e mine he
name- o ming po ency o he co esponding appella i e. Taking in o accoun all he g aphs o a di ec
occupa ional name and all i s immedia e pa onymic and pen he onymic de i a i es, he ollowing pic u e
eme ges. As he able shows, apa om he occupa ional names meaning "smi h", " ailo " and "Wagne ",
he e a e ha dly any pa allels wi h Ge man su names in e ms o equency. Ra he , he equency
pa e n wo ked ou he e e lec s he u al se lemen s uc u e o P ussian Li huania wi h he
dominance o i s speci ic occupa ional ields. 19 Pen he onyms a e names de i ed om he
a he -in-law's names o he son-in-law.
be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen
63s apsniai a icles lusi iš sla ų (leade s and bal a usių) kalbų i iš p o esijų pa adinimų, which
a e di e en pe iods o he language o he oices.
They a e classi ied acco ding o he co esponding p o essional ield. S a is ical analysis, when
he p o essions a e ela ed o he pe sonali y, he eigning p o essions acco ding o he ield o
ama eu p oduc ion (p z. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is p epa ed o accep
he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume
P o ec ion. I is no possible o be a pupil o a p o ession and a se ice-o ien ed pe son, bu i is
possible o be an in e p e e di ec ly ela ed o he p o ession. I 's no like I'm going o be able o
do i .
I was published in Janua y 2012 and is now in i s 7 h edi ion.
ch is iane schiLLe
Humbold -Uni e si ä zu Be lin
Ins i u e o Ge man Language and Linguis ics
Un e den Linden 6, D-10099 Be lin, Ge many
[Email p o ec ed]