Berufsnamen im Preußisch–litauischen

48 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI The wo d "onomas ic" is de i ed om he P ussian-Li huanian language. Keywo ds: occupa ional su name, P ussia Mino , onomas ics. ch is iane schiLLe humbold -uni e si ä zu be lin Scien i ic esea ch a eas: P ussian-Li huanian lexicog aphy, onomas ics, Bal ic-Ge man language, li e a u e and cul u al ela ions. In he case o p o essions ela ed o he p o essions o he P ussian-Li huanian P ussian Li huanian Kalboje commen a y A he hea o he a icle is a class o names wi h he occupa ional names, which in Li huanian onomas ic esea ch, unlike, o example, in Ge man and English, has no ye been iden i ied as an independen class o names. F om a sou ce o P ussian-Li huanian p o enance om he 18 h cen u y, all amily names classi ied as p o essional names we e eco ded and classi ied acco ding o de i a ional mo phological and seman ic p inciples. In addi ion, he equency o indi idual occupa ional names and hei de i a ions was de e mined, which made i possible o make s a emen s abou he sp ead o indi idual occupa ional ields wi hin he Li huanian-speaking communi y. Finally, p oblems ela ed o he classi ica ion o occupa ional names a e discussed. anno a ion his pape ocuses on occupa ional su names. Unlike Ge man and English esea ch, Li huanian onomas ics has no paid a en ion o occupa ional su names as a name class o i s own un il now. The basis o he esea ch esul s p esen ed he e is a Li huanian-P ussian sou ce om he beginning o he 18 h cen u y. F om his sou ce all occupa ional su names a e exce p ed and classi ied acco ding o de i a ional-mo phological and seman ic p inciples. Fu he mo e, he equency o some occupa ional su names and hei de i a ions a e de e mined, which gi es in o ma ion abou he dis ibu ion o some occupa ions wi hin he Li huanian-speaking communi y. A he end o his pape , p oblems wi h classi ying occupa ional su names a e discussed. be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen 49s aipsniai a icles occupa ional names ha e ha dly been he subjec o scien i ic esea ch in Li huanian onomas ics so a . This is pa ly due o he ac ha , unlike in Ge man-language onomas ics, hey a e no shown he e as an independen class o su names, bu a e assigned o he class o su names. Impo an o he G ea Li huanian language a ea a e only he wo ks o Zigmas Zinke ičius (1977: 59 […] 62) and (2008: 5 […] 548). In his con ex , he s udy by as a u bona ičiū ė (2005) should be men ioned o P ussian-Li huania. In he con ex o his a icle, he class o di ec occupa ional names o P ussian-Li huanian is examined. The di ec occupa ional names e e o he o iginal main occupa ion as well as o he seconda y occupa ion, he social posi ion o o he du ies exe cised by he nominees (kunze 1998: 107). The lich aus beinamen gebilde en amiliennamen e s anden, die sich sowohl au die sou ce basis o his s udy is he di ec o y o o icial a me s and Kölme s in no he n Eas P ussia published by ho s kenkel in 1972 a ound 1736 (con inuing o be ci ed as k), om which he egis e iii […]Li aue […] (k 249[…]273) and iV […]kölme und e b eie[…] (k 273[…]282) we e e alua ed. This lis co e s he his o ical amily name s ock in P ussian Li huania o he pe iod unde conside a ion. Due o he ac ha in he 18 h cen u y he o ma ion o su names was no ye comple ed, he e is a conc e e link o he occupa ion. he exe cise o he ac i i ies o he espec i e bea e s o he name o hei immedia e ances o s. In his espec , he iden i ied su names can p o ide insigh in o he occupa ional ields ac ually p ac ised by Li huanians. In con as o Ge man su names, whe e di ec occupa ional names a e among he mos common su names in gene al,4 in P eu1 in Ge man-language onomas ics, su names a e usually di ided in o i e classes: su names om nicknames, su names acco ding o o igin, su names acco ding o place o esidence, su names acco ding o occupa ion, o ice and ank, as well as su names om su names, c . Ziegle (1968: 98 […] 120), Ziegle (1998: 38), Kohlmann (2008: 21 […] 63 […] u […] iii 2), so as he con en s o he lis (s) shows ha he su name (s) is ela ed o he su name (s). aleksand as Vanagas (1999: 470 .) in his classi ica ion o Li huanian su names comple ely omi s he classi ica ion o occupa ional names. 3 In he case o indi ec occupa ional names, pe sons a e iden i ied by he ools, p oduc s, wo k clo hing and o he i ems ypical o hei occupa ion. named, e.g. Flou ouse s o a bake o coppe ouse s o a blacksmi h. he indi ec occupa ional names ake an in e media e posi ion be ween he occupa ional name and he su name, as hey e e o he occupa ion only in a me onymical way. This is no he case in he Uni ed Kingdom. 4 he posi ion 1-14 o he mos common Ge man su names is aken by di ec occupa ional names, c . Mülle , Schmid , Schneide , Fische , Webe , Meye , Wagne , Becke , Schulz, Ho mann, Schä e , Baue , Koch, Rich e . He was also a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . Only in posi ion 15 ollows an assumed name wi h Klein. Sou ce: opnames 5000. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. 50 ac a ch is iane schiLLe Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI Li huanian-Li huanian he di ec occupa ional names o Li huanian o igin in di ec compe i ion o he pa onymics and su names. These di e ences a e explained p ima ily by he di e en genesis o bo h naming sys ems. The sys em o Ge man su names was essen ially shaped in he con ex o medie al ci ies, whe e, due o a ela i ely high popula ion densi y and occupa ional se lemen , he occupa ion o e ed i sel as he naming mo i . On he o he hand, in P ussian Li huania, small-scale se lemen s uc u es wi h a sligh ly p onounced di ision o labou (and a co espondingly li le di e en ia ed occupa ional s uc u e) p e ailed, in which he o ma ion o amily names p ima ily goes back o pa onymic, i.e. su name-based, as well as su name-based educa ional pa e ns. The only excep ion is he su name Kalwis, which will be discussed below. In connec ion wi h he p esen a ion o he o ms o names in he co pus, i should be bo ne in mind ha he eco ding can usually be ca ied ou by Ge mans. As a esul , i mus be assumed ha he Li huanian names a e no accu a e, i.e. no sound. In addi ion, aspec s o he in eg a ion o Li huanian names in o he wu de, bei denen die kenn nis des Li auischen nich zwangsläu ig o ausgese z Ge man language sys em mus be aken in o accoun on a phone ic and mo phological le el. he P ussian-Li huanian o ms o names a e gi en he e in hei o iginal spelling; he Li huanian compa a i e ma e ial in he s anda d linguis ic o hog aphy. Va ia ions due o he con empo a y eco ding con ex a e no commen ed on. 1 . Men yPen unde de i a ionsMo PhoLogischeM and gene ischeM asPek occupa ional names can be di ided on he basis o he unde lying appella i e unde de i a ionsmo phological aspec in o simplizia, de i a e and composi a. 1 .1 . simplizia as simplizia a e conside ed a his poin all o iginal Li huanian lexemes, which a e synch onous, e e ing o he pe iod unde conside a ion (17 h-18 h cen u y), be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen 51s aipsniai a icles can nei he be analysed as de i a i es no as composi es. Acco ding o his de ini ion, he only simplizia in he co pus can be he name o ms based on he occupa ional designa ion kál is5 ‘smi h Kalwis (K 53, k 140), Kalwies (K 20, k 32, k 35 u. a.), Calwis (K 131) and Kalwis (K 131) espec i ely. This ac sugges s a high age o educa ion, which is an exp ession o he ea lies di ision o labou . The ou s anding posi ion o his p o ession is documen ed by he high equency o di ec occupa ional names wi h he meaning " o ge " in all Eu opean languages.7 1.2. de i a e he Li huanian o ms wi h he de i a ion a ixes -ius and -ininkas (-inykas) nomina agen is. Wi h a designa ion o a ool o a p oduc as he basis o de i a ion, hese ac as occupa ional names om which di ec occupa ional names can be de i ed. 1.2.1. - The ius8. he o ma ion o occupa ional names wi h he de i a ion su ix -ius is complex and usually includes, in addi ion o he su ix, me a onic in he oo , c . puõdžius o púodas (s undžia 2009: 127). The occupa ional names o his ype a e common in his co pus. he de i ed basis o he co esponding appella ion can be bo h an he edi a y wo d, as in Balnus (K 30 u.a.) o li . banius ‘sa le (see li . bálnas ‘sa el), Gi nus (K 20 u.a.) o li . ginius ‘Mühlens ein blue (see li . g nos ‘Mühls eine), Di szus (K 32 u.a.) o li . dižius li i (see li . dijas iemen) as well as a leaning wo d, as in Bludszus (K u.a.) o li . kubdschüssel (see li . kubda. schüssel om li . w . kubd), (see li . kubd. kubd. kubb. he pala abili y o he consonan p eceding he lexion exi emains gene ally unma ked in he amily names examined. 5 all s anda d Li huanian e e ence o ms a e ci ed acco ding o he Lkže. 6 Bo h P anas ska džius (1943 [1996]: 379) and Lkg i (§ 530) analyze kál is as a de i a ion om he e b kál i wi h he su ix - is (ska džius - ja-). This in e p e a ion is ce ainly jus i ied om a diach onic poin o iew, bu i does no do jus ice o he synch onous inding, since he su ix - is has long since ceased o be p oduc i e and he e o e does no p o ide a co esponding o e iew in he pe iod unde meh zu bildung on nomina agen is und dami zu bildung on be u snamen e wende wu de. conside a ion. 8 o his ype o wo d o ma ion s. ska džius (1943 [1996]: 78). 52 ac a ch is iane schiLLe Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI 1.2.2. - The nin h. appella i e wi h he p oduc i e su ix -ininkas also in he mode n Li huanian s anda d language a e he basis o a a ie y o o he occupa ional names. In his case oo, in addi ion o he co esponding he edi a y wo ds, such as D awenings (K 100) o li . d a iniñkas ‘beu ne (see li . d a ė o d a s ‘bees), La Kalings (K 188) o li . laukiniñkas ‘baue (see li . lakas eld ‘ža) o Sza dinings (K 131) o li . din ‘gä ne s ock (see li . dis ossga en), as well as loan wo ds, such as Kalkinings (K u a.) o li . kálkinkas b enne (see li . kálkinkas om m. 10), K ingenings (K u a) o li . m. 122, K inkas om m. 127, o K inkas om m. mū (e) o mnd. I'm no going o do ha . he su ix -iniñkas shows in he amily names examined he educ ion o he owel in uns essed syllables ypical o Ge man, so ha i is usually no ed as -enings. Occasionally, occupa ional names can be aced back o appella i es o med by a ibe using bo h a ixes, c . Ku penings (K 37) o he li . cu pininkas […]schus e […] and Ku pius (K 59 u. a.) o he li . ku[…]pius […]schus e […] o Pli zus (K 90) o he li . plyčius […]ziegelmache , ziegle […] and Plie enings (K 117) o he li . ply ininkas […]ziegelmache , ziegle […]. 1.2.3. - Ele en o hem. - ep esen s ano he , s ill p oduc i e de i a ion a ix, which is used o o m nomina agen is. The p eposi ional s em o he e b se es as he basis o de i a ion. Howe e , he e is ha dly any e idence in he p esen co pus o occupa ional names ha can be aced back o occupa ional names o med wi h his a ix. Only one co esponding occupa ional name could be p o en he e: Audeyus (K14) o li . aud[…]jas […]Webe […]. This inding la gely coincides wi h ha o Zinke ičius (2008: 539-548). In addi ion o Audėjas (541), he leads only Kalėjas […]schmied[…] (543). The his o ically well-a es ed […]u ibe audėjus12 appa en ly ollows he pa e n o he o he occupa ional names on -ius. 1 .3 . composi a he numbe o di ec p o essional names ha can be aced back o a compound appella i e is small, and hus co esponds o he ole o he 9 o his wo d o ma ion ype s. ska džius (1943 [1996]: 140[…]148). All 10 o hem. and mnd. o ms a e ci ed acco ding o he eWd. 12 cou se cha (1876: 204). Lkže also ci es e idence om he dic iona ies o Kons an inas Si ydas and Ch is ian Go lieb Mielcke. 11 zu diesem Wo bildungs yp s. ska džius (1943 [1996]: 83 .). be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen 53s aipsniai a icles composi ion wi hin he Li huanian wo d o ma ion. In his case, i would be Šal kal is […]kal schmied[…], K aule(y)dies (K43 and a) o li . zusammenhang die aus den en sp echenden appella i a gebilde en amiliennamen Rupkalwis (K 139 u. a.) zu li . ùpkal is ‘g obschmied’, Schal kalwis (K 140) zu k aujaleid[…]s […]ade lasse , sch öp e […] o Bandsze us (K142 and a) p esumably o li . bañdšė is […]knech , who supplies he ca le[…]. E en in he case o Bandsze us, i he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name is co ec , i can be assumed ha he […]u ibe was in luenced by he o he […]u-s ammed p o essional names. 1 .4 . Loan wo ds o m hei own class o di ec occupa ional names, names ha go back o occupa ional names ha ha e been bo owed om Ge man o Sla ic languages. he co esponding appella i es bo owed om Ge man a e de i ed om bo h Middle High Ge man and Middle Low Ge man sou ces o bo owing, c . Zimme mons (K 123) o he li . c[…]me monas < mhd. Zimme man, Becke is (K 30) o he le . o mnd. Schippo us (K 104) o he li . špo ius < o he mnd. The skippe is he skippe . he di ec occupa ional names based on he Sla ic bo owed appella i e go back o loanwo ds om bo h Polish and Bela usian, whe eas in some cases he exac sou ce is o en no known, c . Kawohl (K 146 and o he s) o li . ka õlis […]schmied[…] in Polish. I 's called kowal o whi e usse . Ka al, Skam b aks (K31 and o he s) o he li . skámb akas ‘playe in Polish. skomo och o Kaßemecks (K 90 and so on) o li . kažemėkas […]ge be […] in whi e Russian. Le 's call i ha . Among he Sla ic loanwo ds he e a e, as he co pus o zinke ičius (2008: 539 […] 548) shows, a numbe o occupa ional names on -o ius, which a e due o co esponding Bela usian o Polish o ma ions on -a j o -a z. occupa ional names o his ype we e no only pa e ns o he ep oduc ion o occupa ional names in Li huanian, as in he case o S iglo us (K 97) o li . I 's s icky . […]glase […]13, he e-analyzed de i a ional su ix -o ius also eplaced he expec ed su ix -e is om open Ge man (c . ba in Schippo us (K 104) zu li . špo ius auch das en sp echende, ü en lehungen I 's called a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" o a "shoe" (See also I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . 13 ska džius (1931 [1998]: 264) akes o li . s iklo ius a ans o ma ion o w uss. S ekla on he basis o li . s […]klas […]glass[…] on. 14 a Sla ic media ion sugges ed by he su ix -o ius is no a i s likely, since he co esponding occupa ional name poln is bo owed om Ge man. Szype and Linde V 633) is as ollows: 54 ac a ch is iane schiLLe Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI 2.Men yPen unde seMan ischeM asPek al eady zinke ičius (2008: 539[…]548), which p o ides a comp ehensi e lis o Li huanian occupa ional names, has made a co esponding classi ica ion. I dis inguishes ou subclasses: 1. social posi ion, 2. o ice, 3. c a , 4. The mili a y. This subclassi ica ion can be ex ended by di e en ia ing he occupa ional ields in he ield o handic a s. A his poin , a modi ied e sion o he classi ica ion ci ed by kunze (1998: 107 .) should be used as a basis. In addi ion o he di ec occupa ional names de i ed om he occupa ional names, i hese a e no hemsel es angible, he pa onymic de i a ions o med by hese a e aken in o accoun .15 1. Ag icul u e-Laukenings (K 188) o he 123) liche p o essions, o he li . Waldund […] (la ge) a me […], ga dene […], pond a ming, Bandsze us bañdšė is […] se an o he o iginal li . laukiniñkas […]baue […], Szemenings (K ž[…]mininkas […]baue […], Uckeninck (K 133) o he li . […]ki nin kas 18 Sza dinings (K 131) o li . ža[…]dininkas […] (K 142 and o he s) p esumably o li . p o ession who supplies he ca le […], Kume z (K 154 and o he s) o li . I 's called he Bandszus (K50). I 's called he Bandžius Shephe d. 19 (K 30 and abo e) o he li . klãpčius […]knech […], Almonai is (K 72) Pa . o he li . Almonas […]ho mann[…]20, D awenings (K 100) o he li . d a iniñkas I 's called "beu ne ". 15 I should like o hank M s As a U bona ičiū ė o he c i ical e iew o his epo and o he u he commen s. 16 since li . žmininkas in addi ion o […]baue […] also allows he in e p e a ion […]mainland inhabi an […], his name o m can po en ially also be classi ied as a name o o igin. 17 o his name o m is acco ding o LPž (i 186) in addi ion o he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name also a de i a ion om he Bela usian nickname Bandyush ( o Benedic ) possible. 18 li es o wa e . almonas in de bedeu ung ‘ho mann’ is in den Wö e büche n P eußisch-Li auens gu be- I bege s, see. Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana (ClG): Ho mann Álmonas, ô. M. (962); also known as Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana Mo he Almonene o he Cou . F. (965); and Philipp calmly: Li huanian Ge man and Ge man Li huanian Lexicon ( ž), Ho mann bey o he lease, ál=|| monas, ono, m. (208). Lkže also ci es a documen om he Me ai by K is ijonas Donelai is: […] I 's called a homann. [k] (1) The ollowing pa ag aph is added: 208 d a o pienininkas: i kaip kiaulės álmono […] ik gėda saky i […] kiauliškas dainas dainuo i ž ieg užsimanė k. donel[…]. This is he i s ime I ha e seen his song in my li e. In his espec , a his poin o almonas, he basis o de i a ion o he noun o m Almonai is, he in e p e a ion as a p o essional name o he in LPž (i 89) as a po en ially conside ed in e p e a ion o p e e as a wo-s o y pe sonal name (he e wi h e e ence o Almonái is→Amonas→Amanas). This is also suppo ed by he ac ha he occu ences o he amily names A[…]monas and Almonái is men ioned in LPž (i 89) e e p ima ily o places loca ed in he immedia e icini y o he his o ical P ussian-Li huanian e i o y o which he appella i e almonas has been p o en. be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen 55s aipsniai a icles by 2. ood packaging (K 136) o he li . he ade li . b[…]kė is […]bäcke […], pak očius […]bäcke […], Becke is (K 30) o Meßeningka is (K 166 u. a.) Pa . o he li . m[…] sin […] leische […], B ui wele (K 68) Pa . o he li . b (i) ù b aue […], Piwo (K 122) o he li . I 's called a "b ewe ". Me alwo king-Kalwis (K20 u.a.) o he li . kál is […]schmied[…], Kawohl li . ùpkal is […]g obschmied[…], Schal kalwis (K140) o he li . (K146 u.a.) o ung li . kalis õschmied[…], Rupkalwis (K139 u.a.) o he šál kal is […]kalmied[…], K agenings (K122 u.a.) o he li . li . li k. k ischeng[…], Ka illus (K32 u[…] a.) o Skaelius […]P annschmied[…], Ka u adszus (K144) o he li . *Pannschmied […], Gel (K14) and o he s. Gelleszus (K 114) o gelzius […]smi h, i on wo ke […]. 4. woodwo king Dische a is (K 27 and o he s) Pa . o li . I 's called "Tischle ". I 's called "Deyluai is". Pa . o he li . da[…]lius […] ischle ?[…], Dilluwa is (K77) Pa . o he li . dielius […]b e schneide […], Geldszus (K64 and o he s) o he li . *geldžius […] ögne […], Ske- (K95) o he li . kubö […]lius […]bche […]; Bu ke ai is (K 8 and abo e) Pa . o li . schus (K 37) zu li . skičius ‘he s elle on Webe kämmen’, Kubillus I is also known as he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage, he "bo le " o he illage. Lea he p oduc ion Schicksnus (K 108 u.a.) o li . škšnius ‘Lea he Ku penings (K 37) o li . kù pi nin ung kas ‘schus e , Šipius (K 59 u.a.) Schus e , Ku us (K 759 o li . Balgius) o li . s. , Di (K 30 u.a.) o li . s. make , Kaßemecks (K 90 and e a beiu. a.) o li . kažemkas ‘ge be , o li . kupius ‘schus e , Schus e ei (K 33 u.a.) o li . Pa is o li . 6. ex ile and clo hing Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . I is also known as Schneide ei (K9 u.a.) Pa . o li . šnede is ‘schneide , K au zuns (K13 u.a.) Pa . o li . k ačius ‘schneide , Kepu nings (K 37) o he ha e o Kepu nikas, Audeyus (K 63 a) o he ha e o Kaylus, Kuschne us (K 85 a) o he ha e o Ku schno us (K 119 a) o he ha e o Kušni ius I 's called a "kü schne ". 7. cons uc ion Mu eningk (K 157) o he li . m[…] ininkas […]Mau e […], Zimme mons (K 123) o he li . c[…]me monas […]zimme mann[…], Zimme nings (K 10) o he li . c[…]me ninkas […]zimme mann[…], Kalkenings (K 116 u. a.) o he li . kálkininkas […]kalkb enne […], Pli zus (K 90) o he li . plyčius […]ziegelmache , ziegle […] and Plie enings (K 117) o he li . ply le […]ziegelmache , ziegle […], S egus (K 10) o he li . s igius […]dach […]de[…], S icklo (K 150 u. a.) o he li . O he e a -bloodsus (K 84 and o he s) o he li . blidžius ‘schüssle , Podszus (K 30 and o he s) o he li . puõ džius ‘Mühlens einhaue , ö zus (K 158) o he li . Re schus (K ‘schüssle , Bludenings (K 20) o he li . blidininkas we be ‘ öp e , Gi nus (K 20 and o he s) o he li . ginius 162) o he li . siebshaue 56 ac a ch is iane schiLLe Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI 9. se ices p o ided by Ka zaunings (K 113) o li . ka čiáuninkas […]schankwi […], K au le(y)dies (K 43 u. a.) o li . k aujaleid[…]s […]ade lasse , sch öp e […], Waßenings (K 126) o li . ažiniñkas […] uh mann[…], Maynus (K 123 u. a.) zu li . manius ‘ äusche , händle ’, Kup schus (K 157), Kubzus (K57) o he li . "me chan " o Kupucius. 10. äm e Bo meis a is (K 25) Pa . o li . bo meis as bu mis as […]Bü ge meis e […], Golmis e as (K 154) om d . Ga nmeis e […]helpsbeam e des ischmeis e s[…] (Wenskus 1990, 48), Pa abulei (K. 53) p esumably Pa . o li . pa óbelis […]Po abel, chu ch se an […], S a os (k. u. a.) o li . s ó as a […](o s) […]Vo s ehe […], Lau zas (K. 108 u. a.) o li . laučas […]jagdau sehe […], Packmo a is (K. 139) Pa . o li . pakamė […]gu sau sehe […], Waßna (K. 120 a.) appa en ly o li . 11. Mili a y Sche wenings (K 186) o he li . o Šá ininkas […]zeugmeis e […], S al zuhns (K 49) Pa . o he li . s ečius, s ilčius […]schü ze[…]. 12. o he Schippo us (K 104) o he li . špo ius […]schi e […], Bugeningk (K 97 and o he s) p esumably. I is also known as he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band, he "d umme " o he band. I 's called he "Shalmian Playe ". 4 . F eQuenz: oP 10 o he di ec occupa ional names P ussian-Li huanian a quan i a i e eco ding o he di ec occupa ional names p o es o be ex emely di icul due o a ying o hog aphies. In addi ion, many occupa ional names a e a ailable only h ough he co esponding pa onymic o ma ions. In his espec , i seems app op ia e o ake in o accoun , in addi ion o he di ec p o essional names, he pa onymics and pen he onymics o med om hem, since his is he only way o de e mine he name- o ming po ency o he co esponding appella i e. Taking in o accoun all he g aphs o a di ec occupa ional name and all i s immedia e pa onymic and pen he onymic de i a i es, he ollowing pic u e eme ges. As he able shows, apa om he occupa ional names meaning "smi h", " ailo " and "Wagne ", he e a e ha dly any pa allels wi h Ge man su names in e ms o equency. Ra he , he equency pa e n wo ked ou he e e lec s he u al se lemen s uc u e o P ussian Li huania wi h he dominance o i s speci ic occupa ional ields. 19 Pen he onyms a e names de i ed om he a he -in-law's names o he son-in-law. be u snamen im P eußisch-li auischen 63s apsniai a icles lusi iš sla ų (leade s and bal a usių) kalbų i iš p o esijų pa adinimų, which a e di e en pe iods o he language o he oices. They a e classi ied acco ding o he co esponding p o essional ield. S a is ical analysis, when he p o essions a e ela ed o he pe sonali y, he eigning p o essions acco ding o he ield o ama eu p oduc ion (p z. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. I is no possible o be a pupil o a p o ession and a se ice-o ien ed pe son, bu i is possible o be an in e p e e di ec ly ela ed o he p o ession. I 's no like I'm going o be able o do i . I was published in Janua y 2012 and is now in i s 7 h edi ion. ch is iane schiLLe Humbold -Uni e si ä zu Be lin Ins i u e o Ge man Language and Linguis ics Un e den Linden 6, D-10099 Be lin, Ge many [Email p o ec ed]