Some Revived Plant Names of Laurynas Ivinskis

ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

INTRODUCTION

Žym aus XIX a. lietuvių kultūros veikėjo Lauryno Ivinskio (1810–1881) vienas iš svarbiausių išlikusių gamtos mokslų darbų yra jo rankraštis Prigimtūmenė turentė sawieje dalijkus žemės, žoliun ir giwunun su parodimu anun watojimo (Spis mineralów, roślin i tworów żyjących (zwierzęcych) (toliau – Prigimtūmenė). Tai mokslinis dviejų dalių veikalas, parašytas apie 1870 m. ir saugomas Lenkijos mokslų akademijos bibliotekoje Krokuvoje, tik pirmosios dalies juodraštinis variantas ir jos lietuviškų, lotyniškų, lenkiškų ir vokiškų atitikmenų rodyklės yra Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto bibliotekos rankraštyne. Pirmoje šio rankraščio dalyje Žemėminą L. Ivinskis pateikia mineralogijos dalykų aprašą, kur greta lietuviško termino duoda lotynišką, lenkišką ir kai kada vokišką atitikmenį. Antroji dalis Žolėmina – tai sisteminis grybų ir augalų vardynas, kuriame pateikta 218 šeimų ir daugiau kaip 2520 genčių lietuviškų pavadinimų ir jų atitikmenų lotynų, lenkų ir vokiečių kalbomis (plačiau žr. Jankevičius, Jankevičienė 1962: 151–163; Auksoriūtė 1998: 102–110; Auksoriūtė 2000; Auksoriūtė 2003: 135–142; Auksoriūtė 2004: 127–149). Šis L. Ivinskio rankraštis nebuvo išspausdintas ir iki XX a. septintojo dešimtmečio pradžios buvo nežinomas Lietuvos mokslininkams, tad jame pateikti lietuviški augalų vardai nepateko į jokį spausdintą šaltinį, nebuvo įtraukti nei į Lietuvišką botanikos žodyną (1938), nei į Lietuvių kalbos žodyną.

After the aforementioned manuscript by L. Ivinskis was discovered, botanist Dr. Ramunėlė Jankevičienė, when new plant names were being considered by the Commission for the Botanical Dictionary, would propose giving a name created by L. Ivinskis to a plant that had no Lithuanian name; thus, some of Ivinskis’s plant names gradually entered usage. Since 2002, the Terminology Subcommission of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, together with botanists—

132 Albina Auksoriūtė | Keletas atgaivintų Lauryno Ivinskio augalų vardų

Together with botanists, the committee also considers and assigns Lithuanian names to plants that did not yet have Lithuanian names; most often, these are plants only now being brought to Lithuania. It was noted that L. Ivinskis had already named some plants in Prigimtūmenėje, so the subcommittee decided not to create a new plant name and to name the new plant genus with a name created by L. Ivinskis.¹

This article discusses names for woody, fibrous, resinous, and ornamental plants taken from L. Ivinskis’s Prigimtūmenė (abbreviated as Pr). It should be noted that the aforementioned manuscript by L. Ivinskis gives genus names, so the elements of the plant species names were created rather than taken from Ivinskis’s writings. The plant names by L. Ivinskis discussed here can be divided into three groups: for some plant names, both motivation and formation are clear; for others, formation is clear, but motivation is unpredictable; and for the third group, neither formation nor motivation is clear.

PLANT NAMES WITH CLEAR MOTIVATION AND FORMATION

In considering names for woody, fibrous, resinous, and ornamental plants, twenty-two neologisms by L. Ivinskis belonging to this group were approved.

Lat. Abelia – vytmenys (: vytis “a thin, flexible tree branch [...]” LKŽₑ + –menys), cf. Abelia. R. Br. Wiciėp. m. – wītmenīs Pr 247; its species: Abelia biflora – dvižiedis vytmenys, Abelia chinensis – kinini̇s vytmenys, Abelia ×grandiflora – stambiažiedis vytmenys.

Lat. Aeschynomene – žibėtras (: žiba, žibėti + –ėtras), cf. Aeschynomene. Linn. Žywopłon. Wld. ex Onap. – žibietras Pr 209; its species Aeschynomene aspera – šiurkštusis žibėtras.

Lat. Aletris – širmōnis (: širmas + –onis), cf. Aletris. Linn. Judrnia. Mącznica. W. – szirmonis Pr 133; its species Aletris farinosa – miltuotasis širmōnis.

Lat. Allamanda – liepstys (: 3 liepti 2. refl. “to spread” LKŽₑ + –stys), cf. Allamanda. Dzierbian. JW. – liepstis Pr 240; three species: Allamanda blanchetii – purpurinis liepstys, Allamanda cathartica – geltonasis liepstys, Allamanda schottii – stambiažiedis liepstys.

¹The plant names discussed in this article were considered by the Terminology Subcommission of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language: Dr. Z. Gudžinskas (compiler of the lists), Dr. V. Rašomavičius (Institute of Botany), Prof. Habil. Dr. J. R. Naujalis (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ž. Lazdauskaitė (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius Pedagogical University), Dr. A. Aukšoriūtė, Assoc. Prof. Dr. St. Keinys, S. Labanauskienė (Institute of the Lithuanian Language), A. Ivanauskienė, G. Kazlauskaitė, A. Marcinkevičienė, A. Umbrasas (Secretariat of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language). I thank Dr. Z. Gudžinskas for his substantive comments, which were useful in writing this article.

Terminologija | 2008 | 15

1 3 3

Lot. Belamcanda – spearwort (: spear + –wort), cf. Ixia. Linn. Stuwdzięcznia. JW. – jeszmenis Pr 136; named for the resemblance of its leaves. This genus was separated from the genus Ixia; its species Belamcanda chinensis – Chinese spearwort.

Lot. Calyptrocalyx – suckle-calyx² (: to suckle “to suck or suckle gradually” LKŽ^e + –calyx), cf. Areca. Žyūpalma JW. – sulpietras Pr 128; the nuts of this plant are chewed; its species Calyptrocalyx spicatus – spiked suckle-calyx.

Lot. Chorizema – pro-metra (: pro- + mèta), cf. Chorizema. Labillardiere. Wigust. JW. – promietis Pr 205; two species: Chorizema cordatum – heart-shaped pro-metra, Chorizema ilicifolium – holly-leaved pro-metra.

Lot. Citharexylum – fiddle-tree (: fiddle + –tree), cf. Citharexylon. Linn. Gigawa. Bandurowiec. W. Skrzypcowe drzewo. P. Skrzypo drzewu. JW. – smuikainis Pr 227; musical instruments are made from this plant’s wood. Two species are named: Citharexylum berlandieri – common fiddle-tree, Citharexylum spinosum – spiny fiddle-tree.

Lot. Clethra – alderette (: alder + –ette), cf. Clethra. Linn. Orszelina. Olszówka albo Olchówka. W. – alksnotis Pr 215; the plant’s leaves resemble alder leaves. Four species of this genus are named: Clethra acuminata – common alderette, Clethra alnifolia – true alderette, Clethra barbinervis – bearded alderette, Clethra fargesii – majestic alderette.

Lot. Costus – flower-bearer (: to blossom, blossom + –bearer), cf. Costus. Linn. Kost. Kostowiec. C. Kostowe drzewo. Ł. – žiodvis Pr 138; the plant is named for the shape of its flower; the names of two species are confirmed: Costus afer – African flower-bearer, Costus speciosus – splendid flower-bearer.

Lot. Cussonia – maple-shrub (: maple + –shrub), cf. Cussonia. Thunbg. Trzamoklon. JW. – kliewotris Pr 197; two species: Cussonia paniculata – panicled maple-shrub, Cussonia spicata – spiked maple-shrub.

Lot. Cynometra – milkfruit (: pa- + milk, also cf. papieniai 1. “rich, sour milk with much cream,” 2. “sour-milk sediment, dregs” LKŽ^e), cf. Cynometra. Linn. Otrętwa. – pāpienis – Pr 211; the fruit flesh is juicy; its species Cynometra cauliflora – true milkfruit.

Lot. Dianella – blueberry (: mėlenas, blue + –ūnis, through de-integration), cf. Dianella. Lamk. Dowiaṡtka. JW. – mielunis Pr 131; this plant has blue flowers and berries. Two species are confirmed: Dianella caerulea – blue Dianella, Dianella intermedia – common Dianella.

² The Accentuation Subcommittee of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language has not yet considered the accentuation of ornamental plant names; therefore, genus names are presented without accent marks in the article.

134 Albina Auksoriūtė | Keletas atgaivintų Lauryno Ivinskio augalų vardų

Lat. Enkianthus – sietminas (: sieti 2. “to tie, fasten, hang”; 4. “to dangle” LKŽₑ + –minas), cf. Enkyanthus. Loureiro. – siètminas Pr 215; may have been named for the resemblance of its flowers, which are on long pedicels and hang downward. Five species of the plant have been named: Enkianthus campanulatus – bellflower sietminas, Enkianthus cernuus – drooping sietminas, Enkianthus chinensis – Chinese sietminas, Enkianthus quinqueflorus – five-flowered sietminas, Enkianthus serrulatus – serrate-leaved sietminas.

Lat. Hakea – vairokštis (: 3 vairė “instrument for striking, whip” LKŽₑ + –okštis), cf. Hakea. Schrader. Jarzęsta. Muszlowe drzewo. W. – wàjrokštis Pr 154; the plant’s flower is like a ball bristling with needles; its species Hakea laurina – common vairokštis.

Lat. Heliconia – bangminỹs (: banga + –minys), cf. Heliconia. Linn. Niebiana. JW. – bàngminis Pr 137; 12 species of this genus have been confirmed: Heliconia aurantiaca – common bangminỹs, Heliconia bihai – green-flowered bangminỹs, Heliconia caribaea – Caribbean bangminỹs, Heliconia collinsiana – red bangminỹs, Heliconia indica – green bangminỹs, Heliconia latispatha – sparse-flowered bangminỹs, Heliconia mariae – pendulous bangminỹs, Heliconia metallica – stiff bangminỹs, Heliconia psittacorum – parrot bangminỹs, Heliconia rostrata – beaked bangminỹs, Heliconia stricta – erect bangminỹs, Heliconia wagneriana – variegated bangminỹs.

Lat. Kalmia – grėsvis (: gręsti, gresė + –vis), cf. Kalmia. Linn. Wdzieczelina. JW. – grìeswis Pr 215; the plant is poisonous (its branches, flowers, and leaves); three of its species have been named: Kalmia angustifolia – narrow-leaved grėsvis, Kalmia latifolia – broad-leaved grėsvis, Kalmia polifolia – bluish grėsvis.

Lat. Myrsine – miegūnis (: miegas “sleep” + –ūnis), cf. Myrsine. Ventenat. Szu- rzyzna. Borowica. W. – miègūnis Pr 218; the species Myrsine cubana – American miegūnis.

Lat. Terminalia – viršūklis (: viršus “top” + –ūklis), cf. Terminalia. Linn. Wyzýca. J. W. – wirsūklis Pr 198; very large trees whose leaves grow at the very tips of the branches. Nineteen species of this tree have been named in Lithuanian: Terminalia amazonia – Amazonian viršūklis, Terminalia kaernbachii – Asian viršūklis, Terminalia nitens – glossy viršūklis, Terminalia bialata – two-winged viršūklis, Terminalia elliptica – hairy viršūklis, Terminalia citrina – yellowish viršūklis, Terminalia calamansanai – Indonesian viršūklis, Terminalia ivorensis – black viršūklis, Terminalia bellirica – warty viršūklis, Terminalia myriocarpa – cone-bearing viršūklis, Terminalia catappa – almond viršūklis, Terminalia oblonga – broad-winged viršūklis, Terminalia chebula –

Terminologija | 2008 | 15 1 3 5

feathery viršūklis, Terminalia arjuna – hairless viršūklis, Terminalia superba – magnificent viršūklis, Terminalia sericea – tannin viršūklis, Terminalia brassii – brown viršūklis, Terminalia microcarpa – small-fruited viršūklis, Terminalia paniculata – panicled viršūklis.

Lat. Uvularia – uogminỹs (: uoga “berry” + -minys), cf. Uvularia. Linn. Sopleniec. JW. – ūgminỹs Pr 130; the plant produces many berries; there are two species: Uvularia grandiflora – large-flowered uogminỹs, Uvularia perfoliata – perfoliate-leaved uogminỹs.

It may be assumed that L. Ivinskis created some neologisms by following equivalents in other languages: Lat. Anigozanthos – ožūnis (: ožys “goat” + –ūnis), cf. Anigozanthus. Labillardiére. Kozowiecznik. JW. – ožūnis Pr 137; cf. Polish kozica “female goat” LLKŽ 210. Five species of this plant have been named: Anigozanthos flavidus – yellowish ožūnis, Anigozanthos humilis – dwarf ožūnis, Anigozanthos manglesii – red ožūnis, Anigozanthos pulcherrimus – beautiful ožūnis, Anigozanthos rufus – brownish ožūnis.

Lat. Cephalanthus – galvožis (: galva “head” + -ožis), cf. Cephalaria. Schrad. Glowień m. – gałwožis Pr 252; cf. Greek kephale “head” BVŽ 76, Polish głowa “head” LLKŽ 138. The plant species Cephalanthus occidentalis – western galvožis.

CLEARLY FORMED UNMOTIVATED PLANT NAMES

For some plants, L. Ivinskis assigned names whose formation can be traced, but whose motivation is difficult to determine. Both terms and nomena are clearer and more precise when motivated; however, as K. Gaivenis observes, “one cannot say that motivated terms are precise and unmotivated ones imprecise. Only terms motivated in a misleading way should be considered imprecise” (Gaivenis 2002: 39). It is also difficult to trace the motivation of a considerable number of plant names that came from spoken language, so the Terminology Subcommission decided to recommend using L. Ivinskis’s unmotivated plant names as well.

Nine plant names in this group can be distinguished.

Lat. Amsonia – dirktas (: dirkti “to wither, spoil, waste away, grow limp” LKŽₑ + –tas), cf. Amsonia. Walt. Rostruoń. JW. – dirktas Pr 241; species Amsonia tabernaemontana – American dirktas.

Lat. Canella – ringõtis (: ringoti “to curl, wind” LKŽₑ + –otis), cf. Winterania. Linn. Cannella. Murray. Korzýbiel. Cynamon biały. P. – ringõtis Pr 173; species Canella winteriana – white ringõtis.

Lat. Cantua – gairùvas (: gairus “1. exposed to drafts, swept by the wind”

136

Albina Auksoriūtė | Keletas atgaivintų Lauryno Ivinskio augalų vardų

LKŽₑ + –uvas), cf. Cantua. Juss. Piękrzyn. JW. – gājruvas Pr 235; its species Cantua buxifolia – small-leaved gairūvas.

Lat. Cheilanthes – skerstenis (: 1 skersti 1. “to slaughter (usually a pig)”; 5. “to grind coarsely, to strip off a husk” LKŽₑ + –enis), cf. Cheilanthes. Sw. Olżyca. Stonogowiec. M. Schuppenfarrn. – skerstenis Pr 115; two species: Cheilanthes lanosa – woolly skerstenis, Cheilanthes microphylla – small-leaved skerstenis.

Lat. Conospermum – imšas (: imti, ima + –šas), cf. Conospermum. Smith. – imszas Pr 154; two species: Conospermum crassinervium – thick-veined imšas, Conospermum taxifolium – narrow-leaved imšas.

Lat. Hippocrepis – skaburas (: 1 skabas “a stripped stem, a stalk” LKŽₑ + –uras), cf. Hippocrēpis. Linn. Konikleca. V. Syr. Podkowmica. P. – skaburas Pr 209; two species: Hippocrepis comosa – crested skaburas, Hippocrepis emerus – common skaburas.

Lat. Mimusops – mėklainis (: mėklas “sharp-eyed, cautious” LKŽₑ + –ainis), cf. Mimusops. Linn. Zawięzła. JW. – miektlājnis Pr 217; its species Mimusops elengi – common mėklainis.

Lat. Narthecium – plienumas (: plienas + –umas), cf. Narthecium. Juss. Póznik. S. Beinheil. – plienumas Pr 130; species Narthecium ossifragum – common plienumas.

Lat. Pachira – raivė (: raivas “speckled” LKŽₑ + –ė), cf. Pachira. Aublet. – rajwė Pr 169; two species: Pachira quinata – five-leaved raivė, Pachira aquatica – water raivė.

PLANT NAMES WITH UNCLEAR MOTIVATION AND FORMATION

For a considerable number of L. Ivinskis’s neologisms, it is difficult to determine not only their motivation, but their formation is also rather unclear; nevertheless, the VLKK Terminology Subcommission decided to recommend the use of such plant names as well, since L. Ivinskis used them to name particular plants whose Lithuanian names are only now being approved. Some of these names are short, two-syllable words.

Latin Comptonia – ūgras, cf. Comptonia. R. Brown. Pojemka. JW. – ūgras Pr 145; species Comptonia peregrina – klajoklinis ūgras.

Latin Cornutia – salksნას, cf. Cornutia. Plumier. Parkotnia. JW. – sàlksnas Pr 227; species Cornutia grandifolia – stambiažiedis salksნას.

Latin Cotyledon – duršvas, cf. Cotyledon. DC. Rozłóg. S. K. Peppownica. W. – dūrszwas Pr 187; species Cotyledon orbiculata – apskritalāpis duršvas.

Latin Crateva – virštas, cf. Crataeva. Linn. Powalka. JW. – wirsztas Pr

Terminologija | 2008 | 15 137

180; three species: Crateva adansonii – paprastasis viršutas, Crateva religiosa – puošnusis viršutas, Crateva nurvala – trilapis viršutas.

Latin Elaeodendron – sumbras, cf. Elaeodendron. Jacquin. (Elaeodendron). Ėžan. Olejnik. P. Olejnica. M. – sūmbras Pr 213; two species: Elaeodendron orientale – rytinis sumbras, Elaeodendron croceum – paprastasis sumbras.

Latin Escallonia – smeilė, cf. Escallonia. Mutis. Twardziczka. Ch. – smėilė Pr 188; three species: Escallonia ×langle(y)ensis – puošnioji smeilė, Escallonia rubra – raudonoji smeilė, Escallonia virgata – rykštinė smeilė.

Latin Exacum – sūblas, cf. Exacum. D. C. Paliczka. Gorzkolist. P. – sūblas Pr 236; species Exacum affine – paprastasis sūblas.

Latin Glaucium – vaiklas, cf. Glaucium. Tournef. Rostopaść. Jundz. Hornmohn. – vaiklas Pr 175; two species: Glaucium flavum – geltonasis vaiklas, Glaucium corniculatum – raguotasis vaiklas.

Latin Onosma – liesmuõ, cf. Onosma. Linn. Poczerwa. Rumianica. W. Długosz. Jundz. Lotwurz. – liesmuõ Pr 233; five species: Onosma taurica – kryminis liesmuõ, Onosma albo-rosea – rausvasis liesmuõ, Onosma echioides – šiurkštusis liesmuõ, Onosma hookeri – tibėtinis liesmuõ, Onosma paniculatum – šluotėlinis liesmuõ.

Latin Pernettya – spūglas, cf. Pernettia. Gaudichaud. – spūglas Pr 215; species Pernettya mucronata – smailialāpis spūglas.

Latin Plumeria – jostras, cf. Plumeria. Linn. Uroczyn. – jostras Pr 241; three species: Plumeria alba – baltasis jostras, Plumeria obtusa – jamakinis jostras, Plumeria rubra – raudonasis jostras.

Latin Sesuvium – spingras, cf. Sesuvium. Linn. Pryszczyrnica. Syr. – spingras Pr 186; species Sesuvium portulacastrum – pajūrinis spingras.

Latin Tibouchina – eikras, cf. Tibouchina. Aublet. Prawdzín. – ėjkras Pr 199; species Tibouchina urvilleana – purpurinis eikras.

Latin Umbilicus – elkras, cf. Umbilicus. Dec. Urocznik. Fal. Pępowiec. C. – elkras Pr 187; species Umbilicus rupestris – uolinis elkras.

Latin Urena – gūrlis, cf. Urena. Dillenius. Nieronia. J. W. – gūrlis Pr 168; species Urena lobata – skiautėtalapis gūrlis.

A review of the examples presented suggests that these plant names have no formal derivational features. One might perhaps discern a derivational formant in them, but it is difficult to identify the base word. Only their endings can be distinguished; some names have the same endings, e.g.: -ras (eikras, elkras, jostras, spingras, sumbras, ūgras), -las (spūglas, sūblas, vaiklas).

Eight three-syllable plant genus names should also be included among the obscure neologisms.

138

Albina Auksoriūtė | Keletas atgaivintų Lauryno Ivinskio augalų vardų

Latin Aphyllanthes – nuolaisis, cf. Aphyllanthes. Tourn. Mąsierka. Goździkowa lilja. P. – nuolaisis Pr 131; species Aphyllanthes monspeliensis – pietinis nuolaisis.

Latin Cabomba – labūstras, cf. Cabomba. Aublet. Pływiec. Ch. – labūstras Pr 176; species Cabomba caroliniana – paprastasis labūstras.

Latin Dirca – sailuvas, cf. Dirca. Linn. Rzemienica – sājluwas Pr 155; species Dirca palustris – pė lkinis sailuvas.

Latin Gaura – priesruvis, cf. Gaura. Linn. Žartwa. Wspaniała świeca. P. – prìsruwis Pr 197; species Gaura coccinea – kvapū sis priesruvis.

Latin Guarea – sanūtras, cf. Guarea. Linn. Guidonia. Plumier. Przechwał. – sanūtras Pr 173; four species: Guarea thompsonii – juodasis sanūtras, Guarea guidonia – nuodingasis sanūtras, Guarea grandifolia – stambialāpis sanūtras, Guarea cedrata – šviesūsis sanūtras.

Latin Heliocarpus – givendra, cf. Heliocarpus. Linn. Grączla. JW. – giwędra Pr 170a; species Heliocarpus americanus – amerikine givendra.

Latin Petrea – kolūnis, cf. Petrea. Houst. Pietrawa – kōlūnis Pr 227; species Petrea volubilis – gausiažiedis kolūnis.

Latin Pontederia – skiaustmenė, cf. Pontederia. Linn. Rosplawa. JW. Wodniak. M. – skiaustmenė Pr 130; species Pontederia cordata – siauralāpe skiaustmenė.

Some neologisms in this group also have endings similar to those of the previously discussed two-syllable plant names, e.g., endings with the consonant -r- (labūstras, sanūtras, givendra). It should be noted, however, that in L. Ivinskis’s Prigimtūmenėje, most neologisms of obscure derivation have endings containing the consonant -n-; such neologisms make up one quarter of all neologisms in Prigimtūmenės (for more, see Auksoriūtė 2004: 127–149), while the fewest neologisms have endings with the consonant -r-; the most characteristic ending in this group is -ris.

Several plant names given to designate a different genus should also be mentioned, since the genus named by L. Ivinskis in Prigimtūmenėje already has a Lithuanian name.

Latin Abeliophyllum – baltvas (: baltas + –vas), cf. Epipactis. Haller. Kruszczyk. Jundz. Sumpfwurz – bāltwas Pr 141; species Abeliophyllum distichum – ankstyvasis baltvas. This plant has white flowers and blooms in early spring.

Latin Acalypha – labravenė (: labravas + –enė), cf. Riežtas III. Acalyphae. Ostkrowe – labrawėnes Pr 150; Tragia. Plumier. Parzelina. JW. – lābrawas Pr 150. L. Ivinskis had given his neologism labravenė as the name of a tribe (Latin

Terminologija | 2008 | 15

139

Acalypheae), so this neologism was transferred to designate the genus, while both genera, Latin Acalypha and Latin Tragia, are assigned to the same subfamily. Two species of this plant have been confirmed: Acalypha hispida – šeriūtoji labraunė, Acalypha wilkesiana – margóji labraunė.

Latin Chlorogalum – žalvinis (: žalvas + –inis), cf. Chlora. Linn. Zielon. JW. – žalvinis Pr 236; species Chlorogalum pomeridianum – paprastasis žalvinis. L. Ivinskis may have formed this genus name by following equivalents in other languages; cf. Greek chloros ‘green’ BVŽ 83.

Latin Macfadyena – apsukmýs (: apsukti + –mys), cf. Helicteris. Linn. Szrubownica. W. Szruba. W. – àpsukmìs Pr 169; species Macfadyena unguis-cati – plėtrūsis apsukmýs. The name of this plant is motivated, since it belongs to the climbing-plant family.

CONCLUSIONS

Some plant names from L. Ivinskis’s Prigimtūmenės, which have not appeared in any printed source to date, are proposed for use after being approved by the Terminology Subcommission as Lithuanian names for plants that had not previously been named in Lithuanian. Most often, for naming a particular plant genus, the proposal is to use the neologism or newly coined word created by L. Ivinskis specifically to name that plant.

Slightly fewer than half of the L. Ivinskis plant-genus names proposed for use are motivated neologisms, for example: alksnotis, grėsvis, mėlinis, smuikainis, sulpėtras, šir̃monis, uogminys, viršūklis, vytmenys, žibėtras, among others; more than one third are newly coined words whose derivation and motivation are unclear, for example: duršos, eikras, el̃kras, jostras, kolūnis, labūstras, liesmuo, nuolaisis, salksნას, sanūtras, spingras, spūglas, sūblas, sūmbras, ūgras, vaiklas, among others.

The derivation of one sixth of the plant-genus names by L. Ivinskis discussed in the article can be traced, but their motivation is unclear, for example: dirketas, gairuvas, imšas, mėklainis, plienumas, raivė, ringotis, skაბურას, skerstенis.

Prigimtūmenės neologisms and newly coined words are gradually coming back to life and entering usage; thus, L. Ivinskis’s efforts to create Lithuanian plant names have not been in vain.

LITERATŪRA

Auksoriūtė A. 1998: Lauryno Ivinskio rankraščiai Krokuvoje. – Terminologija 5, 102–110.

Auksoriūtė A. 2000: L. Ivinskio mikologijos terminai. – Terminologija 7, 48–58.

Auksoriūtė A. 2003: Individualieji L. Ivinskio Lenkų–žemaičių kalbų žodyno ir Prigimtūmenės augalų vardai. – Terminologija 10, 135–142.

140

Albina Auksoriūtė | Keletas atgaivintų Lauryno Ivinskio augalų vardų

Auksoriūtė A. 2004: Neaiškios darybos L. Ivinskio Prigimtūmenės naujažodžiai. – Terminologijos istorijos ir dabarties problemos, 127–149.

BVŽ 1998: Botanikos vardų žodynas, Vilnius.

Gaivenis K. 2002: Lietuvių terminologija: teorijos ir tvarkybos metmenys, Vilnius.

Jankevicius K., Jankevicienė R. 1962: Kai kurie nauji duomenys apie L. Ivinskio darbus lietuviškos botanikos terminijos srityje. – Botanikos klausimai 2, 151–163.

LKŽ_e: Lietuvių kalbos žodynas. – www.lkz.lt

LLKŽ 1994: Vaitkevičiūtė V. Lenkų–lietuvių kalbų žodynas, Vilnius.

REVIVAL OF CERTAIN PLANT NAMES CREATED BY LAURYNAS IVINSKIS

Since 2002 the Terminology Sub-commission of the State Commission of the Lithuanian language has together with botanists been discussing and agreeing on Lithuanian names to give to plants which have previously not been named in Lithuanian. The majority of such plants are newly introduced to Lithuania. It was noted that some of them were already named by Laurynas Ivinskis in one of his most important scientific works Prigimtūmenė (Nature); therefore the decision was taken where possible not to create new names, but to adopt names proposed by Laurynas Ivinskis. This article analyses 58 names of genera of plants, taken from Prigimtūmenė by Laurynas Ivinskis.

Less than half of the names of genera of plants created by Laurynas Ivinskis are neologisms with clear motivation, for instance alksnotis (Clethra), grėsvís (Kalmia), mėlinis (Dianella), smuikainis (Citharexylum), sulpėtras (Calyptrocalyx), širnonis (Aletris), uogminys (Uvularia), viršūklis (Terminalia), vytmenys (Abelia), žibėtras (Aeschynomene) and more than one third of neologisms have unclear word formation and motivation, for instance duršvas (Cotyledon), eikras (Tibouchina), elkras (Umbilicus), jostras (Plumeria), kolūnis (Petrea), labūstras (Cabomba), liesmuo (Onosma), nuolaisis (Aphyllanthes), salksnas (Cornutia), sanūtras (Guarea), spingras (Sesuvium), spūglas (Pernettya), sūblas (Exacum), sumbras (Elaeodendron), ūgras (Comptonia), vaiklas (Glaucium).

It is possible to trace the word formation pattern of one sixth of the names created by Laurynas Ivinskis, though their motivation is unclear, for instance dirktas (Amsonia), gairuvas (Cantua), imšas (Conospermum), mėklainis (Mimusops), plienumas (Narthecium), raivė (Pachira), ringotis (Canella), skაბuras (Hippocrepis), skerstenis (Cheilanthes).

Little by little, neologisms in Prigimtūmenė (Nature) are being revived and put into use; thereby the effort of Laurynas Ivinskis to create Lithuanian names of plants was not made in vain.

Gauta 2008-12-19

Albina Auksoriūtė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius E. paštas: [email protected]

Terminologija | 2008 | 15 141