178 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
an anas baLaŠai is
Resea ch a eas include lexicog aphy, language cul u e, and
e minology.
This is a glossa y o
e ms used by he
Commission in i s p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k.
Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 2011, 512 p.
isbn 978-609-411-072-6 need o ejoice in he ideas and wo ks o Li huanian
dialec ologis s. In 2011, he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language published wo dic iona ies
o slang: he second olume o he dic iona y o slang p epa ed by Mikulėniė, Kazio
Mo kūno and Aloyzo Vidugi io (608 pages) and he dic iona y o slang p epa ed by Juozo
Aleksand a ičius. In he pos -wa yea s o he lec u e s o Vilnius Uni e si y ( om
1949), a en ion was d awn o he accumula ion o da a on Li huanian dialec s. The
sou ce o his da a was s uden s o a ious subjec s s udying a he Uni e si y o
Li huania, who we e encou aged o p o ide a desc ip ion o hei na i e language as a
diploma wo k. In addi ion, he uni e si y's associa e p o esso Zigmas Zinke ičius
p epa ed a de ailed monog aph on he Li huanian language, Li huanian Dialec ology
(1966) wi h 75 phone ic da a maps.
The i s au ho o he in e media e diploma hesis was he 1949 g adua e om he illage o Bublé,
Juozas Aleksand a ičius (1920-2007). Du ing his s udies, he was he i s chai man o he s uden
scien i ic linguis ic commi ee, assigned o he aspi an class o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e o
u he s udies. He was one o he i s pa icipan s o he Dialec ology Expedi ion o he P ien dis ic
in 1950. Un o una ely, he a e o he i s gabau was los . was expelled om he aspi an school
(because o biog aphical ac s unsui able o he So ie au ho i ies, and also because his sis e had gone
o he Wes ). He w o e and de ended his disse a ion in 1968 while wo king a he Ins i u e o Teache
T aining. Aleksand ičius was he i s Li huanian dialec ologis who managed o p epa e a dic iona y o
his na i e language. w o e down wo ds and sen ences while s ill s udying. A e a ew yea s as a
eache , I s a ed w i ing a dic iona y ex . In addi ion o he disse a ion on he language o he
c e ins, o e 3,000 wo ds o he language we e added (wi hou illus a i e ph ases). In addi ion o he
abo e-men ioned, he e a e also a numbe o o he wo ds ha can be used in he con ex o a sen ence:
" he i s hing you need o know abou a sen ence is ha i is no a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a
sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a
sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a
k e ingos a mės žodynas
179 e iews he e o e in 2007 he Li huanian Language Ins i u e epea edly
p oposed o p epa e a dic iona y manusc ip o he p ess by he head o he
Depa men o Language His o y and Dialec ology, P o . d . danguolė Mikulėnienė
and doc. d . dai a Vaišnienė. hei e o s a e ou lined in Vaišnienė's edi o ial a icle
"A dic iona y o he C e an language: he main p inciples o p esen a ion o he
ma e ial". I s a es ha a e a long b eak, he au ho e u ned o w i ing he
dic iona y "unable o ead he dic iona y om beginning o end, o ha monize and
decide on he p esen a ion o some wo ds o o ms, so he scien i ic edi ing had o
answe many impo an ques ions ela ed no only o echnical bu also o he
subjec s o scien i ic in e p e a ion". he dic iona y o ganize s ea ed he
manusc ip wi h espec : hey ied o keep he "au ho 's and he scien i ic
edi o 's opinion" in line. In he edi o ial a icle Pla okame (16 pages) he p inciples o
ocabula y managemen , ansc ip ion, ansposi ion, and cla i ica ion o meanings
a e discussed. I can be seen ha he edi o s wo ked a lo on he dic iona y ex in
o de o adap he dic iona y o he le el o mode n e minology lexicog aphy.
A e his a icle, as an in oduc ion o he dic iona y, he e a e e en mo e
de ailed (18 pages) no es by he au ho , which discuss he as a ea o he
e i o y (abou 600 squa e kilome e s), i s inhabi an s (including he Ku ske s), he
his o y o his egion, place names, he mos cha ac e is ic ea u es o he
e i o y, he selec ion o wo ds, e c. The au ho indica es ha he dic iona y
con ains cha ac e is ic wo ds only om he wes e n no he n pa o he
e i o y. The e o e, he dic iona y in ques ion is a la ge di e en ial dic iona y
(al hough he e is no sho age o common language wo ds). The e a e o e 14,000
wo ds in all. Acco ding o an ea lie unde s anding, he ocabula y was le wi h he
name o he K e ing language dic iona y, al hough i is now ended o be called he
Šnek ų dic iona y. ollowing he example o Vy au as Vi kauskas i s published
dic iona y. These dic iona ies a e also called di e en ly: Vi o Labučio Daukšių
k aš o žodynas, Clemen ina Vosyly ė has inished p epa ing he Kupiškėnų dic iona y. The Mosad dis ic dic iona y […] will be he hi d dic iona y o lowland slang.
sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence, i is a sen ence." 2 This Lkž does no exis , bu
i s p e alence is indica ed on he map o he A las o Bal ic Languages (2009: 159).
180 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI he s a o he swo d. some peculia adjec i es wi h a
an anas baLaŠai is
p e ix ap-: apdu ns, apkūns, aplams, -ė ‘apslidėlis, apsauss, apsens, apžals, apžiuliks, -
‘suk okas, co esponding o he common language -okas edinus. he wo d is accompanied
by speci ic e bs, especially om he old owels: áud o ie […] in a s o m, gi[…]d o ė3, gili[…],
ka[…] o ie, l[…]nan ie, ly o ie, se[…]gan ie, sniñgan ie, šaiguo ie, ša[…]pie, […]g ei e[…],
ši[…] ie, šiókie, šlãpie, a[…]sie, õlie, […]juo ie, […] o ie The speech is cha ac e ized by
he use o e bs wi h a p e ix pai in he ending -i, co esponding o he common language
-i: padieniuõ, paeiliuõ, pagau iuõ, paka čiuõ, pakeliuõ, paplaukiuõ, papo iuõ, pa indžiuõ,
pasauliuõ, paskypuõ, pa andeniuõ, pa juo, pa išiuo. In e es ing ime e ec s: ea ly in he
mo ning, ea ly in he e ening, be o e wo days. The e is also a de oga o y meaning o
e bs wi h a p e ix -alis, -ė: nãkabis ‘kas no e y much us ed, no used, nãkažis ‘kas
weak, bad, na kšlis, -ėkas no used, no us ed. The adjec i e -alė is used as i wi hou a
de oga o y meaning o e e o unma ied women, and common wo ds ha e a de oga o y
meaning: bu ãlis […]p as house[…], kelãlis, kēsalis […]menkas kups as[…], kū ã […]lisp as
a as[…], lo ãlė, me gãlė, mū ãlis […]p as obyklė[…], nosãlė, numãlė, pelkãlė,
snopãlėžioplys[…], […]nekala[…], š ãmalis […]ne ikėlis, ne ykis, ne ykėlė, žãlė, ža dãlė. The
su names o amily membe s ha e a nega i e meaning: mo he , a he , husband and god.
The e's s ill a lo o con usion in he K e ingian dialec : ka udu, ka udi […]ka ie du[…],
pachi[…]du, pa di […]pa ys du[…], edu, edi […]mudu, mud i[…], shi[…]du, shidi[…]du, shidi[…]du:
[…]dọ s[…]u kẹik […]mi lgaikou […]du […] […]dems ab[…]dems uoks […] èkms […] […] […]dems […]
n[…]m[…]i […] ins ead o seeing he whole e b, he e b […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu
[…]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu
[…]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […]domu […] and he e b […]domu […]domu […]domu
[…] and he e b […]domu […] is he opposi e o m o he e b […] and he opposi e o he
e b […] Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Will you come o me? […] […] […] a la ge ocabula y alue
[…] illus a ed sen ences. They a e a ied, o en b ie (such as g e a and he like), w i en
and leng hy om con e sa ions, accompanied by ad e bs, ad ice, and agmen s o songs
(ne e missed and spoken). Compa ed o he Kupiškėnų dic iona y, he e a e much ewe
illus a ions: only one sho sen ence is added o many wo ds. When you ead a dic iona y,
you imagine people's homes, hei wo ies, hei moods. I'd like o ansla e a ew wo ds
in o p ac ical e ms: The bes medicine is o li e wisely. You ha e a lo o wo k o do and no
ime o die. The way you li e, he way you die. The hunge has b oken he i on. You won'
b ing you owel in ime. How long does na u e las ? As long as i las s, so long as i las s.
Lo e as a seed: i sp ou ed and ell. I 's like a lashing ligh sabe o meaning ul
explana ions. I seems ha a ew household e ms needed o be cla i ied. The window is a
oom a he o he end o he ough. I 's been added he e in he wo s possible way.
Tu ned he gaze o Lkž, as explained by he pa alyzed pa o he wheels. add […]
connec ing, plg. he ansmission. i is no clea why he plu al […] bandel is used o explain
3 doub ul di e en ends.
k e ingos a mės žodynas
181 e iews o ha g ound, will be lying. I'm wi h you, I'm wi h you. I you wan some hing
o g ow, you ha e o add a nail. Black and whi e, bo h boiled. You' e no going o ge i ,
and you' e going o ge i , jus like you' e going o ge i . I didn' happen o us in he
jungle: e e y hing was des oyed. I didn' spend he whole week like I was on my own,
like he g ound ook o . You know, you know, you' e gonna ha e o do i . Whe e he wol
is bo n, he e is wa . Wha a gold mine you' e in!
A ew ema ks a he end. In addi ion o Lkž and dic iona y dic iona ies, he e a e
changes in he dic iona y a icle s uc u e. Acco ding o Lkž, adjec i es
p eposi ions and diminu i e nouns we e always gi en in he a icle o he adjec i e
o noun, and in he dic iona y o he K e ing language hey we e gi en in a sepa a e
heading. he S a e Commi ee o Li huanian Language has o de ed o do so by he
minu es o i s mee ing on 21 Decembe 2006, as hey a e conside ed o be
au onomous wo ds. In he dic iona y in ques ion, as can be seen om he
manusc ip acsimile, he au ho did no sepa a e such ad e bs, and he diminu i e
ad e bs we e p o ided in a sepa a e box. Edi o Vaišnienė ound ha his was no
done consis en ly, so e e y hing had o be a anged acco ding o VLkk
ecommenda ions. And when you do ha , you add mo e wo ds o you ocabula y.
On he o he hand, unnecessa ily complica ed cases we e deal wi h in a sepa a e
a icle. So now bo h a e equally lexicog aphically alued.
he pie. Kamunija is no a sac amen o s eng hening. Gnė no only laid he bu den on his
one, plg. Lkž. Wha is i ?
In addi ion o he loan e ms gi en, he adi ional wo d o he language is expe ience,
pãjamas, skin ca e o inancial p ocessing o he pineapple, he pe -scen ed " adia ion
oom", ddelis ãčiuo. The au ho w o e in he p e ace ha he had p epa ed a di e en ial
dic iona y. So he edi o s didn' ha e o sugges ha he gi e up common-language wo ds
ha don' ha e he meaning o he language, like " o lie down", " o sc a ch", " o
sc a ch", " o lie down", " o sc a ch", " o sc a ch", and so on. I is di icul o conside
he hyb ids s anė and sumnnė as Sla ic, as well as s anė. I would no longe be
app op ia e o conside Lelijle a hyb id. as sla ism lelija is ma ked only in he ocabula y
o he D uskininkų dialec , bu Lkž is no included. In closing, I am pleased ha such a good
ecep ion o he Ins i u e o Dialec ology has been gi en o he g ea wo k o Alexande
he G ea , he Monumen o he His o y o he Lowland Snake and Language. beau i ully
published wi h a p ope in oduc ion, i was included in he dic iona y o ansla ions.
The injus ice caused by o eign ule did no b eak he silence o he land. Excluded om
his own ins i u e, ha ing exhaus ed his pain, he e u ned wi h a gi o he Li huanian-speaking people.
182 ac a
an anas baLaŠai is
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVI
The li e a u e
The whi e language o he A lan eans. P ospec us = a las o he Bal ic languages. P ospec us
= A las o he Bal ic Languages. A P ospec , au ho ed and edi ed by: danguolė Mikulėnienė, anna
s a ecka; he au ho o he map commen s: ilga jansone, anna s a ecka, ima bace ičiū ė,
as a Leskauskai ė; The compu e ized e sion o he map was p epa ed by Edmund T ump. :
La ian Language Ins i u e o he Uni e si y o La ia, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
2009. The dic iona y o he di ine slang. I 's no . Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language,
2010. A dic iona y o nonsense. Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, 2011.
Deli e ed on 3 Ma ch 2012
an anas baLaŠai is
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.