9 pages o a icles
esMiniai žodžiai: daukša, eiksmažodis, in a pas, s a kamienas, šaknies s uk ū a, a mės,
senieji aš ai.
Keywo ds: daukša, e b, in ix, s a s em, oo s uc u e, dialec s, old ex s. This is a lis o wo ds ha appea in he English language.
aiMonda Ša ky ė
he Uni e si y o Klaipėda
Di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch: Bal ic s udies, his o y o ac ion wo ds.
MikaLoja's
handw i ing on he
back o his shi
Ve bs wi h long oo s a e a es ed in he ex s o Mikalojus daukša ano acija in he a icle
analyzed by Mikalojus daukšo w i ings o long oo s s a kamien eiksmažodžiai. The e bs o
he ype unde s udy a e analyzed in a ious aspec s: he mo phology o he e bs ( he
s uc u e o he p esen and u u e ime), he mo phology ( ocalism, consonan ism, cases o
oice changes), he ea u es o cons uc i e coding in e ms o ca ego ical seman ics a e
discussed. The ac ions o he daukos a e compa ed wi h he ac ion sys ems o Ma in
Maž ydas and Jono B e kūno, he Li huanian dialec s and he da a o he cu en Li huanian
language in o de o cla i y he localiza ion and ch onology o he lexemes, he mo i es o he
s uc u al changes.
anno a ion he a icle explo es s a s em e bs wi h long oo a es ed in he sc ip s o
Mikalojus daukša. The e bs in ques ion a e analyzed in e ms o di e en aspec s:
mo phological ( he s uc u e o p esen and pas ense o ms), mo phological ( ocalism,
consonan ism, he cases o owel g ada ion), also he peculia i ies o cons uc i e coding
ega ding ca ego ical seman ics a e aken in o accoun . The s uc u e o e bs egis e ed in
Di kša's wo ks is u he compa ed o ha ound in old sc ip s o B e kūnas and Maž ydas, also
in Li huanian dialec s and cu en Li huanian language. The esea ch is in ended o de e mine he
localiza ion and ch onological laye s o egis e ed lexemes, o p opose he mo i es o change o
ečia is a, g žia g ž a, áugia gs a, deg ia dýgs a, e c. and ma ks he esul ing p ocess ( o
he e bs in ques ion.
10 o he
aiMonda Ša ky ė
Li huanian Linguis ic Ac LXVII
0.Addi ional no es
The objec o his a icle is o eco d he ac ions o he long- oo ed oo s o he
s one in he w i ings o S . Michael (in he Pos ilion and he Ca echism). In he wo ks
o his au ho he e a e 87 in e ludes and s anzas, o which 30 a e in e ludes, 57 a e
s anzas, o which 49 ha e a long owel in he syllable. Fo he sake o a b oade
con ex ual pe spec i e, he sys em o he daukšo e b is compa ed o he sys ems
o his con empo a ies […] Ma y Maž ydo and jono b e kūno […]. In he Old
Tes amen , he e a e 17, and in he New Tes amen , he e a e 43 long s ems ha
indica e ha he s one was used in he cons uc ion o he emple. The
lie u ių kalbos duomenimis.
daukšos aš ai, ilius uojan ys idu inį lie u ių kalbos a ian ą, i i į ai iais
aspek ais2, ačiau išsamaus ilgosios šaknies s a kamieno eiksmažodžių ap ašo šio
peculia i ies o hese au ho s' sys ems o ac ion wo ds a e u he compa ed wi h
he Li huanian dialec s and a e no ye ound in he w i ings o he cu en au ho .
The s em e bs a g oup o e bs ha is mos common in Eas e n Bal ic languages
and has speci ic cha ac e is ics ha dis inguish hese e bs om o he
s uc u al ypes. The ca ego ical seman ics o he s one e bs had special
meanings in Raidai […] in he cu en Li huanian language, he o ma i e s a mos
o en ein o ces he sel , he e mina i e ac ion and he g adual change o s a e, some o he s one e bs o m an opposi ion o he causa i e s a a esul […] a (plg.
mo e in o ma ion on he ac ions o he s ones and hei de elopmen , see Pakalniškienė 1995, . p.
kazlauskas 1968: 333, kuipe 1937: 202[…]203). Mos o he e bs in his dic iona y a e denomina i e
o adjec i e, so hey usually mean a ans o ma i e s a e, i s o he , associa ed wi h he oo
wo d: sip i, ag i, álk i, lg i, kas i (b oade see. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
71–89). In mode n Li huanian (wi h a e excep ions), he s a kamien o m op imally ealizes he
asymme y o seman ic and mo phological coding and mee s he p inciple o cons uc i e iconici y, as
s a kamien o ms he meaning o he e b and he ca ego y o in ansi i i y3. In e ms o
mo phological s uc u e, he s a kamino e bs in a syllable can ha e a sho o a long owel sound (as
well as he unca ed owel sounds and he s a kamino e bs ound in Mikalojs daukos's wo k, al eady
discussed, see. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 2 issues o daukšo accen ology we e s udied
by P anas ska džius, he s uc u e o nouns was desc ibed by albe as osinas (2001), daukšo w i ing
s yles, lexicon, he peculia i ies o ansla ion we e analyzed by jonas palionis (1979, 1995); Ju gis
Lebedys (1963, 1977), he a ema ical ope a ions s udied by algi das sabaliauskas (1957: 77[…]114), he
analysis o he ope a ions o he blood essels in he old w i ings was p esen ed by aud onė kaukienė
(2006); Vi alija Kapse ičienė desc ibed he ypes o in e pella ions and s op-s one ope a ions (
2002, 2003).
The e m " ansi i e" is used by many ansla ions o he Bible, bu i is mos commonly ound in he
o m " ansi i e" (e.g., " o see", " o o ge ", " o hea ", " o like").
11 pages o a icles
Mikalojaus daukšos aš ų ilgosios šaknies
s a kamieno eiksmažodžiai
he ype o a o assigned o such s a s one e bs, he oo ocalism o which does
no change […] he basis is o med by a long oice, a double oice o a mixed double
oice), he o m o he s one o he u u e ime. The wo-dimensional mo phological
cha ac e is ics o he new laye o he s em's e bs in he p esen ense ha e
elonga ed owels […], […], y, u, which appea in he nunny be o e he s, š, z, z: mąž a,
šąš a, gęs a, ys a, dūž a. he change o he main owel in he ac ion wo ds o he
s em is no p esen , mos o en an a emp is made o desc ibe he owel in all he
main o ms. The consonan s uc u e o he s em o he s alk is e y di e se, and
he mo e complex oo s uc u es a e pa icula ly cha ac e is ic o he long s alk o he s alk.
1 . MikaLojaus daukŠos
iLgosios Šaknies s a kaMieno
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc .
In he 1.1. manusc ip s, 49 long-s emmed e bs a e eco ded, o which 25 e bs ha e a long owel, 4
long-s emmed e bs o m a double owel, and 20 long-s emmed e bs ha e a mixed double owel. Only
he s onecu e belongs o his ype o s uc u al ac ion. Table 1 gi es all he examples eco ded in
he daukšos, Maž ydo and b e kūno ex s. In mos cases, he oice is ma ked wi h a diac i ical c oss
ma k, which ha dly e lec s he leng h o he oice, so he e is no dis inc i e g aphic leng h o he
oice (e.g. o ms nuls a dP 213,44, plus a dP 580, ikß a dP 463, wik10, dP 508,46, idiks a dP 487, idîgs a
dP 99,33 e c.). A compa ison o ca e ul e bs wi h da a om o he ancien sc ip s also aises
unce ain ies, as nei he Maž ydos no b e kūno sc ip s con ain consecu i e g aphs o long owels,
excep o some modi ied o ms o b e kūno, which also e lec a long oo owel, e.g. bb pap i 12, 6,
pakljda bb154, 3 (j and ij = y), pls a bb293, ischpld bb141, 314. he compa ison o he wo ds o he long
oo wi h he wo ds o he common Li huanian language allows o conside he wo ds o he long
oo , since he s uc u e o hese wo ds in he Li huanian language and in he cu en Li huanian
language is s able, he long oice is main ained in all pa adigms, he e is no eason o belie e ha he
sho o ms o he oo domina ed he wo ds. The ollowing is a egis e o p esen -day o ms in
ancien w i ings acco ding o he oo ocalism o he e bs: 4 on he o he hand, he leng h o he
owel in his au ho 's w i ings is ma ked e y inconsis en ly, e.g. bb o ms plus an c[…]ẹ,
pl[…]s anc[…]ẹ, pl[…]s anc[…]ẹ, common. To be o no o be. See also audienė 2001: 16.
12 o he
aiMonda Ša ky ė
Li huanian Linguis ic Ac LXVII
This is Len e. The egis e o o ms o he p esen ense in he
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
old w i ings 1A. In he case o a wo ke wi h a disabili y in he
wo kplace, he disabili y is es ima ed a dP 99,33 […] […]ischdigs a
bb552, 23 […]diks a dP 487,11 […]s a dP 462,29 […] […] ißiůs á dP 312,15
he
Sulphu ic acid dP 296,5
The ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
sulîgs a dP 59,28 […] […]
(a) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
mêgſ i dP 10,28
[mêġeme dP 110,26]
[pamegiáma DP 623,50]
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
mekſ a gkii 338
apply: (i) The ollowing de ini ions shall
apply:
[no u he wo ked
han ho - olled]
The ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
(a) in he case o a ehicle equipped
b aking sys em; (b) in he case o a
case o a ehicle equipped wi h an
sys em; (d) in he case o a ehicle
equipped wi h an au oma ic
eme gency b aking sys em.
ehicle equipped wi h an au oma ic
wi h an au oma ic eme gency
eme gency b aking sys em; (c) in he
au oma ic eme gency b aking
This is he case in
he ollowing cases:
13s ai s a icles ôkß a dk 104,17; dk 155,22
Mikalojaus daukšos aš ų ilgosios šaknies
s a kamieno eiksmažodžiai
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
ôkß u dk 135,7; dk 140,22 ókß am dk 51,10
ôkß n i dk 106,4; ókß sis dP 399,20 wiks a dP
508,46 ißwîs a dP 287,4 ischwis a bb284, 50 p a.îs a
dP 303,42 1b wiki also known as The ollowing is a
summa y o he main indings and conclusions o
he e iew: (i) The Commission conside s ha he
con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid
wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y
on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union. (ii) The
meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y on he
Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax
Func ioning o he Eu opean Union.
uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he
This is a lis o he municipali ies o he
municipali ies o he Au onomous
Au onomous Communi y o Ca alonia.The
Communi y o Ca alonia a e lis ed in
Annex I.This is a lis o he municipali ies
o he Au onomous Communi y o
municipali ies o he Au onomous
Ca alonia.This is a lis o he
Communi y o Ca alonia.

14 o he Ac on
aiMonda Ša ky ė
Li huanian Linguis ics LXVII
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
1c and Vehicles wi h wo-wheele s
– – aſ a bb73, 25
Shaknye Aus an bb73, 24 igâiß a dP
582,33 […]ischgaisch am bb400, nogâiß a
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
dP 81,3 12 paswéiks a dP 369,45 […] This
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.
1.2. Regula pa adigms, seman ic and cons uc i e coding o in es iga i e e bs
domina e in daukos w i ings. The cha ac e is ics o […] seman ic e bs
(sel - e mina ing e bs) a e op imally ancho ed by he mo phological ma ke -s a.
The wo ks o he au ho s a e domina ed by he s able o ms o he p esen ime o
he s one (see able 1), which a e subjec o he condi ions o he s uc u e o he
pa adigms, and mos o he au ho s ha e added he long oo s o he s one o he
ac ions o he wo ds in he cu en Li huanian language.
only wo e bs in he au ho 's w i ings ha e wo o ms o he p esen ense
pamêgs a dP mêġeme dP; does no appea o be ‘unin elligible dP un a homable
‘unpa alleled dP, which allows us o assume ha his expansion o he Li huanian
language was g adual, compe ing wi h se e al o ms. The wo d "wo ke " in he pos
o ice was s ill a s one (plg.
o which: dP 23,47).5
F om he da a collec ed, i can be seen ha he u u e ime o m does no a y
in he w i ings o he au ho unde in es iga ion, ouched only by he o-s one
o m co esponding o he condi ions o he s a kamien ac ion pa adigms (see
able 2). On he o he hand, a signi ican po ion o he pas ense o ms a e no
ouched o indica e a s one. 2 The Len e. Regis e o exis ing o ms o ime
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
This Regula ion
íßáłko dP 106,40; ißałkuſi dk 162,18
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I is es ima ed ha he numbe
o dea hs in he Uni ed S a es will
inc ease by mo e han one million
dP 610,44 […]ischdjga bb91, 23 and dP 97,21[…]; and dP is 97,22
by he end o he decade. dP 84,13;
In mode n Li huanian, his e b is al eady in a new mo phological s uc u e. I can be a gued ha he
de elopmen o his e b was de e mined no only by ca ego ical seman ics, bu also by he desi e o
le el he pa adigm, so he same oice was gene alized o all o ms o his e b and passed in o s a
kamieną.
15 A icles o he T ea y ela ing o
Mikalojaus daukšos aš ų ilgosios šaknies
s a kamieno eiksmažodžiai
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
he applica ion o he p inciple o
women as ega ds access o
p omo ion o equal oppo uni ies
in he ollowing cases:
equal ea men o men and
employmen , oca ional aining and
o men and women This is he case
o which:
I is also impo an o
dP 576,52 […] […]
no e ha he
Commission's p oposal o
p o ec ion o wo ke s
exposu e o ca cinogens
a di ec i e on he
om he isks ela ed o
a wo k is based on he
ea men o men and
o equal ea men o
This Regula ion shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. dP 63,27; and dP
381,9 […] e u ned o dP 49,16; dk
121,10; dP 122,38; dP 189,38 […]; and dP
193,50; dP 195,10; dP 302,33; dP 386,22;
and he ollowing able is added: dP
471,23[…]; and This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union.
he sum o dP 381,22; The ollowing
dP 274,18∞; ſug es dP 296,11;
dP 496,40; ſug s dP 391,19; ſu g -
de ini ions shall apply: (a) in he case
o a mo o ehicle: mo o ehicle; (b)
a mo o ehicle; (c) a mo o ehicle;
(d) a mo o ehicle; (e) a mo o
ehicle; ( ) a mo o ehicle; (g) a
p inciple o equal
women and on he p inciple
women and men.
mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle; (h)
(i) a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o
ehicle; (i) a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle
a mo o ehicle; (h) a mo o ehicle;
In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he
aiMonda Ša ky ė
Commission conside s ha he aid is
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke
o he T ea y.
wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c)
The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he
meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. This is a
lis o he membe s o he Eu opean Pa liamen who
we e elec ed o he Eu opean Pa liamen om he
Uni ed Kingdom, Canada, G ea B i ain, G ea B i ain
he main indings and conclusions o he e iew: (i)
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible
A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. (ii) The Commission
conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal
ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he
T ea y. (iii) The Commission conside s ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he
and No he n I eland. The ollowing is a summa y o
wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o
mi ßo dk 124,16; mî ßo dP 355,36;
meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
mî ßome dP 135,2
ßmi ſcha gk ii 525
ne ßmi ſcha gk ii
ußumi ſcha bb90, 23
17 pages o a icles
Mikalojaus daukšos aš ų ilgosios šaknies
s a kamieno eiksmažodžiai
daukša Maž ydas b e kūnas
113,36∞ – –
522
Ißwîdo dP 117,36; This Regula ion
IS<wide dP 208,13
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. Ißwîdau dk 144,9; ischwida gkii 462 ischwida bb117,6 I is also known as ischwida bb117,6
iswjda bb118, 11 is he
[…]wiko dP 50,31 […] […] pain ed dP
491,14; pain ed dP 43,9[…]; I'm no
no su e wha you' e alking
su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm
abou .
1.4. The s uc u e o he oo s o he ac ion wo ds in he dic iona y is a ied. I is
domina ed by e bs wi h a a he uncomplica ed consonan s uc u e, e.g. CVC
( wen y-six e bs), CCVC ( wen y-six e bs), CCVC ( wen y-six e bs), CCVC
( wen y-six e bs), CCVC ( wen y-six e bs), CCVC ( wen y-six e bs), CCVC
113,36∞), d ina ę inalę u i d ylika eiksmažodžių (CVCC ipas). Pasi aiko i
e esnių s uk ū ų, dažnesnių eiksmažodžiuose su miš iuoju d iga siu eiksmažo-
džių šaknyje, plg.: CCCVCC ( ſp îngo dP 140,5), CCVCCC (g îmʒdo dP 290,3),
( wen y-six e bs), CCVC ( wen y-six e bs), and CCVC ( wen y-one e bs). he e is
no change in o es in he main o ms o eco ded e bs6. 1.5. The e bs o he
adjacen au ho s […] daukšos, Maž ydo and b e kūno […] s a kamien ha e no clea
s uc u al di e ences, in mos cases he o ms o bo h he p esen and he
u u e imes coincide in he w i ings o all h ee au ho s: he p esen ime o ms
o s a kamien and he u u e ime o ms o o kamien a e used consis en ly. I is
wo h men ioning only he b e kūno pa a o a a s one o m p aschoka bb 18, 10,
al hough daukšos w i -
6 only one e b d ęsa (his o ically a kamienis) in he w i ings o he au ho unde in es iga ion
illus a es he quali y o he ha m o he balls d sa dP 23,47 d sso dP 76,35. The o m d insa ouched
in he w i ings o he b e kū indica es ha he p ocess o le eling he pa adigm o his e b had
al eady begun.