9s aipsniai a icles Ma in-Lu he -uni e si y
ha aLd bichLMeie
sächsische akademie de wissenscha en zu Leipzig
Halle-wi enbe g di ec ions o esea ch: Indoge manis ics,
onomas ics (local and wa e names), al i anis ics (syn ax).
To he linguis ic le el o
esea ch on ALTEUROPIA
HYDRONYMIE […] a eply o a polemic by Senosios Eu opos hid onymijos y imų he e ymology is a
science and is subjec o he same c i e ia o assessmen as o he sciences as well. I can be
ca ied ou nai ely, i.e. wi h li le o no conside a ion o he ele an knowledge al eady achie ed,
mokslinio lygio – a sakymas į polemiką
o in a well- ounded manne , whe eby any conside a ion o he ele an knowledge has a
ounda ional e ec , so ha nai e y o well- oundedness cons i u es a g adual e alua ion
c i e ion. He poin s ou he unmis akably signi ican gaps in he knowledge o ha au ho in he
ield o his o ical compa a i e linguis ics in gene al and o Indoge mans in pa icula and concludes
ha he in he wo ks o ha au ho on hese a eas unde applica ion 1 Vennemann 1999: 275; bold
p in in o iginal. SchLÜsseLwÖ e : ancien Eu opean hyd onym, Indoge manis ic, onomas ic, wo d
o ma ion, u indoge manic ablau , econs uc ion, and la yngi is. This is he i s ime ha he
e m has been used in English. keywo ds: old eu opean hyd onymy, indo-eu opean linguis ics,
onomas ics, wo d o ma ion, p o o-indo-eu opean ablau , econs uc ion, la yngeals. his is a lis
o some o he wo ds used in he g eek language.
10 a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII pa ly o decades ou da ed linguis ic iews and me hods ob ained
ha aLd bichLMeie
esul s ul ima ely equi e a enewed e iew wi h con empo a y linguis ic me hodology. I is only
a e his examina ion ha i will be possible o judge how many o hem will ha e wo ked and passed
hei esul s.
anno a ion
his a icle is a esponse o ano he a icle in his jou nal w i en a he polemically and
a guing qui e unscien i ically. his a icle will show he de iciencies o knowledge he o he
a icle’s au ho be ays as a as his o ical-compa a i e linguis ics in gene al and indo-eu ope-
an linguis ics especially a e conce ned. as a conclusion i mus be s a ed ha all he esul s
he o he au ho has achie ed by using esea ch me hods in hese ields ou da ed o decades
will ha e o be ee alua ed inally applying mode n indo-eu opean linguis ics o hem. only
A e his ask will ha e been accomplished, one will be able o ell which o his au ho 's wo ks
and esul s will be sa e o u he use.
1 . Unlike Jü gen Udolph, I can' emembe he exac da e o how I came o be
in e es ed in names and wa e names. In any case, i was ela ed o he e iew o a
name-knowledge collec ion2 which I ook o e on he media ion o Wol gang Haub ichs in
2005 o 2006.3 My acquain ance wi h Udolph, whom I me o he i s ime a he
con e ence In e e ence Onomas ics, p obably alls in he yea 2006. Names in
G enzund encoun e spaces in s o ies and he p esen . Saa b ücken Colloquium o he
Wo king G oup on he S udy o Names in Saa b ücken om 5.7. I is likely o be
encoun e ed in Oc obe 2006. A his mee ing he pe sonally in i ed me o he i s
ime (and epea ed his in i a ion o me se e al imes a a ious mee ings as well as
add essed o he Indo-Ge manis s in hei en i e y […] The sp ead o Indo-Ge manic.
Theses in linguis ics, a chaeology and gene ics, Wü zbu g, 24.26. Sep embe 2009) ha
he Indo-Ge manic side should inally e u n o he ancien Eu opean hyd onym. I ha e
so e wa in seinem Vo ag au de a bei s agung de indoge manischen gesellscha
aken Udolph's in i a ion o hea and ha e hus disco e ed a new ield o wo k o
mysel , in which i is […] as al eady in he o.g. The e iew showed ha he e was s ill a
lo o wo k o be done.
2 g eule, janka, p ince in he yea 2005.
3 See also Bichlmeie 2007.
11s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
Gi en he ac ha I did exac ly wha Udolph demanded o me ( espec i ely he
Indo-Ge manis s as a whole), his a he polemical c i icism o some o my p e ious
s a emen s in an a icle in his magazine seems a he incomp ehensible. Wha , apa
om he ecogni ion ha he me hods o esea ching he ancien Eu opean
hyd onymy equi e a undamen al e ision […] and hen also necessa ily he o iginal
esul s (a leas pa ially) a e o be e ised […], should ha e come ou , i someone wi h
he knowledge and knowledge o 2010 app oaches he ma e ial, has led open-minded
colleagues o a comple ely opposi e eac ion: alb ech g eule (2011: 125)5 poin s ou
das bis da o on udolph e al. o ensich lich nu mi de Me hodik de jah e o 1970
bzw. de Zei o dem Zwei en wel k ieg un e such wo den wa ?
bezeichnend is in diesem Zusammenhang auch, dass de selbe au sa z, de
udolph zu seine Polemik e anlass ha , bei ü den wissenscha lichen o sch i
ha acco ding o he s a emen s, he a ion habi s o he p imi i e Pa adigm oo s
should no be abandoned e en in e ms o nomencla u e.
in jenem bei ag gemach wu den, au die Ve wendung indoge manis ische no-
Bu pe haps Udolph's in i a ion was me ely he o ical, and he eally wan ed o
con inue alone on a u he co ido o hese wa e names anyway equi e he o
publizie en, we weiß?
Udolph a.a.o. In pa icula , a summa y and a de ailed answe o he ques ions aised
and his also newly mani es ed lack o knowledge o his o ical linguis ic esea ch in
gene al and o Indoge manis ic esea ch in he las hal o he cen u y.
See also pa ag aph 4. Udolph in he yea 2011.
Howe e , he s a emen ha he la ynx heo y is "no easily accessible" emains incomp ehensible: he e
a e cu en ly abou a dozen in oduc ions in Ge man and English o Indoge manis ics o he la ynx heo y,
which deal wi h his subjec . In addi ion, he whole hing is s ill augh in a numbe o chai s in he
Ge man-speaking wo ld, whe e la ynx heo y should usually be he subjec o he second o a he la es
hi d semes e . I is also no much mo e complex han he Ve ne sche law ( he e a e only much mo e
examples in much mo e languages o which i is ele an ) and was al eady a sel -e iden pa o my
in e media e examina ion in 1992. 6 also judge nübling, ahlbusch, heuse (2012: 224 . wi h no e 215) wi h
e e ence o bichlmeie (2011a: 180 .). Un o una ely, apa om his e e ence, he p esen a ion he e
emains as ou da ed as he name heo y, which ha dly exceeds he s a us o he 1960s.
7 Fo he in i a ion o his eply and he eadiness o publish i in his magazine, I hank he edi o ,
G asilda Blažienė.
12 ac a
ha aLd bichLMeie
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
2. indoge Manis ik and aL eu oPÄische gewÄsse naMen wi hin indoge manis ik he
adi ion o ancien Eu opean nomencla u e is la gely demolished.8 The las
Ge man-speaking esea che o be e e ed o as an indoge manis who has deal
wi h his ma e ial mo e in-dep h is
de unlängs e s o bene Leh e udolphs, wol gang P. schmid (1929–2010), ge-
wesen. dass on ihm abgesehen sich in den le z en zwei, d ei jah zehn en kaum
ein namha e indoge manis mi diesen gewässe namen beschä ig ha , häng mi
zwei ak o en zusammen:
Fi s o all, we a e dealing he e wi h a e y agmen a y ma e ial, which is clea ly de ined in e ms o he
place o i s o igin, mos o he wa e s, including i e s, a e s ill he e oday, whe e hey we e 2,000, 3,000 o
4,000 yea s ago, bu in e ms o he ac ual age o his language ma e ial, we a e s ill ul ima ely dependen
on specula ion. One can only say ha some i e names a e s ill no clea ly cla i ied in Ge manic o Cel ic
linguis ics and a chaeology, when exac ly speake s o Cel ic o Ge manic came o a ce ain i e , o cou se
i emains unclea , because when ac ually he p e-Ge manic, p e-Cel ic e c. Time ends, i.e. a wha ime you
isch ode o bal isch e c. sind – meh nich . da abe in ielen ällen und ü iele
gebie e au g und de disk epanz de o schungs- und benennungsme hoden on
can expec a p e-Cel ic, p e-Ge manic name o become Cel ic, Ge manic, e c. has been in eg a ed. And I'll
ake i om he op o my head: I don' ha e an answe o ha ei he , and I don' hink you' e going o ind
one any ime soon. Mos Indo-Eu opeanis s he e o e p e e o wo k wi h ma e ial om languages om
which ex s ha e also been handed down (especially he Ana olian and Tocha ian languages a e in ogue),
om which one can say some hing abou he speake s and which can also be da ed. I is only on such
ma e ial ha esea ch on he his o ical de elopmen o a language and […] wha is cu en ly also playing a
majo ole in Indo-Eu opean s udies […] can be ca ied ou on syn ax. And he e is, i you' e hones , ano he
p oblem: he language ma e ial a es ed o in he ancien Eu opean hyd onymy is o en 8 yea s old. This is
shown by a cu so y e iew o he ele an Indo-Ge manic jou nals (his o ical linguis ics, Indo-Ge manic
esea ch, in e na ional jou nal o diach onic linguis ics, jou nal o Indo-Eu opean s udies, K a ylos,
Munich s udies o linguis ics) as well as he minu es o he wo k and con e ences o he Indo-Ge manic
socie y o he las abou 15 yea s. and wo ks by he a o emen ioned au ho s as well as by K ahes a e also
ecei ed only in isola ed cases by o he au ho s.
13s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
o do wo ds o names ha a e e y sho . Since he e is no u he linguis ic ma e ial
(especially in lec ed wo d o ms) one mus inally admi - and I say his as a con inced
Indoge manis - ha one is igh wi h many simple i e names, such as Sala (> Saale),
Sa a (> Saa ), Sa us (→ Sa e) e c. The beginning o hei esea ch (by mos esea che s)
lich nich einmal s ic u sensu beweisen kann, dass sie indoge manischen u sp ungs
sind. da ü is ih e s uk u zu simpel. gleichzei ig we den diese wö e abe sei
o Indo-Ge manic was o do wi h a classical ci cle conclusion. In ac , we should be much
en und olglich auch indoge manische e ymologien ü sie gebo en. wenn man
abe o ausse z , was man eigen lich e s beweisen will ode müss e, ha man es
mo e ca e ul and ho ough han we ha e been in ecen decades, and pu many o he
s a emen s in he conjunc i e be e . The second eason o he decline in in e es in
his ma e ial on he pa o Indo-Eu opean s udies is ha he a o emen ioned
esea che s[9] in hei 'old-Eu opean' Indo-Eu opean s udies hemsel es ha e been
obsole e o se e al decades and hus om hei poin o iew mus be conside ed
bei en eine a on indoge manis ik be ieben haben und be eiben, die inne halb de
ou da ed ( his iew should be sha ed by abou 80 o 90% o Indo-Eu opean schola s in
o al and a leas 99% o Indo-Eu opean schola s unde he age o i y). This, in u n,
means ha i is p ecisely on younge Indo-Eu opeanis s, who would mos likely be called
upon o b ing new winds o his ma e , ha he ancien Eu opean ma e ial in he o m
in which i has now been p esen ed unchanged since p ehis o ic imes (i.e. o o e i e
decades) should no be o any in e es in i s old- ashioned na u e. This does no diminish
he alue o he esea ch esul s o he a o emen ioned esea che s and hei
colleagues wo king in he same way. The e has ce ainly been a g ea deal o wo k done
he e, bu he science is s ill de eloping […] and his has been he case in ecen decades,
especially o Indo-Eu opean s udies. Now i he ancien Eu opean s udies also o he
Indo-Eu opean s udies espec i ely. I he Indo-Ge manis s wan o be in e es ing again
and be pe cei ed by hem, hey mus y o mee he equi emen s ha Indo-Ge manic
s udies nowadays places on e ymologies wi h ega d o his o ical phone ics and wo d
o ma ion. To pu i blun ly, o cou se you can s ill hea apa men s wi h wood s o es
and ligh hem wi h ke osene lamps, bu do you ha e o do ha wi hou necessi y (o
exagge a ed endency o omance) now ha he e a e cen al hea ing and ligh bulbs?
9 In addi ion o Udolph and Schmid, he disco e e o ancien Eu opean hyd onymy and Schmid's eache ,
Hans K ahe (1898-1965), is also men ioned. 10 bichlmeie 2012b: 14 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . […] his
longe han such also ma ked sel -quo e is allowed o me a his poin in a eply o udolph, he mas e o
he unma ked sel -quo e (see bichlmeie 2011d: 109 .; 2012a: 278).

14 ac a
ha aLd bichLMeie
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
3. anMe kungen Zu ausgewÄhL en
Al eady in he in oduc o y wo ds o his c i icism, Udolph begins o mis ep esen
ac s: he inc imina ed a icle (bichlmeie 2010a) does no c i icize " he cu en
s a e o he concep ion o ancien Eu opean hyd onymy as ou da ed", bu
p ima ily he way in which esea ch on ancien Eu opean hyd onym e ymology is
ca ied ou .
3.1. To he heo y o he la ynx and i s de i a i es, i is app op ia e o e e o a phonemic class o
he la ynx, which is egula ly educed by Udolph.12 Tha he econs uc ion o he la ynx as a
men, wollen wi mi einem gegens and aus dem be eich de Phonologie beginnen,
consonan phoneme by ou side s […] and as such is egula ly classi ied as a hokuspokus oä. I is
p ima ily due o he lack o knowledge o hese non-specialis s in he ield o Indo-Eu opean s udies
and hei lack o eadiness o del e in o he ma e ial, which is admi edly somewha mo e ex ensi e
and complex han ha o a single philology. Fo some hin s and addi ions o his and he ollowing
sec ions, I hank my colleague Se gio Ne i.
12 he U indoge manic phone ic sys em had, acco ding o e e y hing ha can be said a e 200 yea s
o esea ch his o y, he ollowing o m: enuis Media Media spi an nasal
(a) (b) and (c) (d) (n) labial p
b bh […] m [m, […]] den al d
dh s [s, z] n [n, ] pala al […]
[…] h h1 […] ec al ela k g
gh h2 […]
{
labio ela k g
[…] g […] h3
[…] Wha a e you doing?
Liquid ( ) [ , ] l [ l, ]
Vowels (V) i [ i, ] u [u, ] (pe haps also [ī, ū] in single syllables) e ē o inco po a e. A he
same ime, howe e , such ou side s seem o hink again and again ha hey could
o ō
a (ā)
in eg ale bes and eil dieses Phonemsys ems is auch die Lau klasse de La yngale, die ielleich die
eibelau e de d ei ek al eihen gewesen sein könn en, so wie /s/ de eibelau de den al eihe wa .
15s aipsniai / a icles
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
make judgmen s abou a subjec and i s me hods (in his case, Indo-Ge manic s udies)
ha hey do no know p ope ly.13 Basically, i is now he case ha la ynx a e
econs uc ed (should be) only whe e hey a e necessa y due o he language
compa ison e idence o he explana ion o he a es ed language ma e ial and he
mu ual linking o e idence om di e en language b anches.14 These may ini ially go
beyond he igh limi s, bu a e usually edi ec ed soone o la e by he in e nal
discussion in o o de ly pa hs. The ac ha ou side s such as Udolph (2011: 168)
"canno esis he imp ession ha he la ynx is used when i i s" once again clea ly
shows his unwillingness o accep e en esea ch esul s ha ha e been es ablished
o yea s.
Zu diese Phonemklasse is jeden alls zu sagen, dass sie in eg ale bes and eil
The phonological and mo phological sys em o U ind-Ge manic and is essen ial o i s unde s anding.
The e is now a whole se ies o phenomena in he Old Indo-Ge manic languages, which can only be explained
by assuming he once-in-a-li e ime exis ence o his clea ly consonan class o phonemes. Fo example,
he phoneme […]h, […], […], […], […], […], […] in Hi i e and gene ally in Ana olian, which, acco ding o an
ou da ed iew, could no be de i ed om he o en used owel (!) *ə; 15 a somewha mo e con o e sial
case is he ques ion o whe he i sounds A menian o also e lex U indoge manic La yngale 13 shows
abou he same phenomenon, albei in mo e ex eme o m, in w i ing and s anda d language, e c.
kann; ohne ansa z on La yngalen nich s ingen zu e klä en is die en s ehung
de in ona ionen (aku ie s. zi kum lek ie ) im bal ischen16 und slawischen; die
14 See now o mo e de ails on his p oblem al ie i 2011. 15 i , as Udolph once men ioned in a pe sonal
con e sa ion, his eache e ich neu should ac ually ha e been o he opinion ha he e was no hing o
be said abou whe he he h. Now p o ing o he U indoge manic la ynx, since his is once he e and
once no , i only shows ha e en e. new in his ime was no exac ly one o he p og essi e linguis s,
denn die g undlegenden egeln ü die o se zung de La yngale im he hi ischen wa en spä es ens
sei den 1920e bzw. 1930e jah en bekann . und zumindes in spä e en jah en ha e. neu in jedem
alle ane kann , dass he h. /h/ eben kon inuan e eines La yngals is (pe sönliche Mi eilung on
elisabe h ieken am 23.3.2012).
16 See also This is he case, o example, in he case o de ksen 1996 passim; I'm no su e wha you mean.
16 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII p os he ic owels o he G eek and hei ini y
ha aLd bichLMeie
can also be explained mos simply as a ising om e-colo ed owels alongside o iginal
la ynx owels; The same applies in he same language o he ini y o e lexes in
declining o ms o he s uc u e *(-)KHK(-) (obsole e: *(-)KəK(-)); Some o hese
phenomena a e compa able o, among o he hings, all he in oduc ions o
Indo-Ge manic s udies o he las wo decades as well as coun less o he wo ks.17 In
o he wo ds, i you wan o econs uc he U indoge manic om he Old
e scheinungen bei den nasalin igie enden Ve ben im indoi anischen e c. pp. Zu all
Indo-Ge manic languages, you also ha e o use he la ynx o his language le el. You
can' do i wi hou he .
Consequen ly, he page-hi e (see Udolph 2011: 168) on he Cel ic e ymology o he T e e e 's olk name
in he Reallexicon o Ge manic A chaeology (see Zimme 2006) emains ul ima ely i ele an : Udolph also
simply igno es he e again he compa a i e e idence o he Old Indo-Ge manic languages and he
esul ing necessi y o he app oach o a la ynx-con aining oo o a ibe. I 's no like I don' know
wha I'm doing. […] wa e : 19 o he Zimme a.a.o. 17 Compa ed o his, he good dozen in oduc ions o
Indo-Eu opean linguis ics, he La yngology heo y o o se e al indi idual languages ha ha e
appea ed in he las wo decades (in alphabe ical o de ), 1976, 1976, clackson o son, 2004, 2009, 2008,
kapoman Lindo ic, LiV, LiV2, 2006, Ma y, 1997, 2010, May ho e , 2005, Meie -B iggs, 2002, Meije , 2000, 2007,
Mülle , Lise , inge, 1992, 2005, e c. pp. appea ed in he mos impo an wo ks o he pe iod. […] almos
all he e ymological dic iona ies o he las h ee decades o name (which Udolph in gene al o his
wo ks is known also no ecei ed [has]), as he e would be edg, edhiL, edL, edPc, edPc add., edsiL, esjs,
ewahd, ewaia, ewn, sejL e c. on he scien i ic s and o he iew emain on he o he hand LeV and ewd,
ewds24, ewds25, which leads o he un o una e si ua ion ha he un inished ewahd is s ill he only
one om Indog
le z e as la yngal eie ein üh ung in die indoge manis ik is szeme ényi 1990. – wei e s sind hie
manis ische sich ele an e e ymologische wö e buch zum deu schen is . ein um assendes und
e lässliches e ymologisches wö e buch zum neuhochdeu schen au ak uellem s and de his o isch-
e gleichenden sp achwissenscha s ell (ebenso wie ein solches zum Mi elhochdeu schen) wei e hin
ein deside a da !
18 Fo mo e in o ma ion on his e ymology and o he p oposals o he de i a ion o his e hnic g oup,
see si zmann, g ünzweig 2008: 280[…]282. The co ec handling o he indings o Indo-Ge manic esea ch
he e canno be a ibu ed o he wo au ho s highly enough and should se e as an example o o he
non-Indo-Ge manis s. 19 See niL 715[…]717 wi h ich u he li e a u e.
17s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
appea ance. To compa e he e would be abou u idg. I 's no like I don' know wha I'm
doing. newbo n ins ead o he o he wise expec ed […]newbo n[…] (in he opinion o
some esea che s also […]newbo n[…]) o.ä. This G eek wo d has become he name o
he whole ype.20 The p oblem in he e ymology o he olk name is ha he wa e
c osses he i e . In ac , i is in a e y di e en place: so a i has no been possible
o come up wi h a clea and gene ally accep ed e ymology o u kel . E e y hing else
is no a p oblem om an Indo-Ge manic poin o iew. In his con ex , he e o e, he
accusa ion o Udolph (2011: 165), ha Indoge manis s would ake he econs uc ions
o "ba e coins", is also inapp op ia e: e e y Indoge manis is awa e ha he is
wo king he e wi h econs uc ions: a he same ime, Indoge manis s mus also be
su e ha hey ha e a be e explana o y sys em han he ou da ed concep ions
wi h which Udolph e al. wo k. I in all hese a o emen ioned cases Udolph we e o
succeed in gi ing a meaning ul, cohe en and, as is possible hanks o he app oach o
he la ynx, an explana ion co e ing all hese cases and no en angling himsel in a
casuis ic li le o each again and again depending on he indi idual case di e en ly
s o ed analogies, I would be pleased i he would sha e his wi h he wo ld. This would
ce ainly p o oke a g ea e discussion and, i i we e indeed a p oposal backed up by
sound a gumen s, migh e en lead o a e hinking o Indoge mans.
jedoch wi d man nach du chsich zahl eiche seine a bei en ehe da on aus-
gehen müssen, dass on ihm lediglich wei e hin de ückg i au die oben schon
I would like o ask he P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep he
amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. He
would he e o e be doing himsel and science a g ea se ice i he e ained om making such
s a emen s on his subjec . closely wi h he jus p esen ed undamen al necessi y o he
s uk ion de Phonemklasse de La yngale häng auch die be ei s in den 1930e n
on Émile ben enis e au ges ell e hypo hese zusammen, dass die Minimals uk u
econcilia ion o a leas he U indoge manic nominal and e bal oo s KVKwa . as he hind limb o he
nun im anlau o Vokal die La yngale auße in den o.g. ällen im he hi ischen
20 Mi le weile ech zahl eich gewo den sind die als e dunkel e komposi a e kann en bildungen mi
*-dhh1-o- > *-dhozu wz. I'll see you la e . *dheh1- 'pu , place, lay down'; c . o his composi ion ype
mo e de ailed and wi h e e ence o ele an li e a u e (2011 bichlmeie d: 120123) as well as
undamen ally o he whole complex hacks ein 2002. 21 See edPc 388 wi h discussion and u he
li e a u e.
24 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII belong and a e alid,37 since hey could 1) owe hei
ha aLd bichLMeie
owel o dialec al o igin (dialec al o igin o he Emus means o be de ini i ely excluded
a i s ) and […] which is much mo e di icul […] 2) i is simply no possible o p o e
ha i is always he same oo : in addi ion o he oo […]*el-elh-ol-[…] (bzw. u idg.
*h1elh2- and *h22) he e a e also he colo oo s u idg. I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . *h2al- [< *h2el-] […] whi e […]38 and
u idg. *h1el(H) […] o be blue, lazy […] in ques ion […] and his applies no only o he
Bal ic, bu o cou se also o he o he i e names ha a e adi ionally assigned o
his oo , o example also o hose al eady quo ed by Udolph (he e 2011: 163) and
quo ed again in he p in ed K aheschen ables39: in his able he e is no a single one
in which one would necessa ily ha e o eckon wi h he ac ha he espec i e oo
mus ha e been o e bal cha ac e . In o he wo ds, one akes he messages o he
(new) e ymological se iously and e e s o he exis ence o he o.g. And his, o
cou se, also applies o he wa e names men ioned by Udolph (2011: 167) in he LVŽ (1,
62):
O you can look eali y in he eye and admi ha in addi ion o u idg. *h1elh2- […]whe e o
d i e[…] (LiV2 235) and *h2elh2- […]go aimlessly[…] (LiV2 264) in he i e names also wi h he
wo o.g. colou oo s wi h he meanings […]whi e[…] and […] ed(b own)[…]40 as well as
[…]h1el(H)[…] mus be blue, lazy[…]. Fo he Bal ic wo ds (i no a new oo has been
abs ac ed om a loan wo d o no a collision wi h a e b om he oo *h1el(H)- ‘ o be
mod ig, lazy has aken place) he mos likely may be u idg. *h2elh2- "going aimlessly" as
he basis in ques ion. I his esul p o es o be jus i ied, i would be LiV2 a.a.o. o
supplemen he li . al i. 37 The same applies ul ima ely also o li . a[…]mės = e[…]mės.
38 See also Bichlmeie 2012c.
39 so abou k ahe 1964: able i and ii acco ding o s. 62. […] in his con ex i is necessa y o poin ou ano he
me hodical uncleanness o K ahe, which Udolph also aded on by ep oducing ha able: a leas he i e
name […]Eli a[…] men ioned he e is no a es ed anywhe e, bu only econs uc ed (as such co ec ly
ma ked K ahe 1964: 37) […] bu is ne e ma ked as such in he ables. See his econs uc ion below in he
ex . 40 I is well known ha his oo is qui e con inued in Bal ic, o example in li . élnis […]hi sch[…] e c. ;
Look a ha .
See also L 146; PkeŽ 1, 68[…]70; Pj 1, 77.

25s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
Wi h ega d o wa e names in he Bal ics and elsewhe e, i is gene ally accep ed ha
only names wi h elanlau en (which does no ansla e [ o example in Ge manic] o
dialec al a iance [ o example in Bal ic] owes i s o igin o u idg) a e ei he u idg.
*h1el- […] ed(b own)[…] o *h1elh2- […]whe e o d i e[…] mus belong, names ha wi h
Alan sounds, can (no leas due o he widesp ead collapse o (la e)u idg. *a and *o in
*a) a e ul ima ely o med o all o he abo e oo s: hey can be on u idg. I'm no going
o lie o you. *h2al- […]whi e[…], *h2elh2- […]go aimlessly[…] o he o-s age o ms o u idg.
*h1el- […] ed(b own)[…] o *h1elh2dwhe e o d i e[…] o *h1el(H)-mod ig be, lazy[…], so
*h1olode *h1olh2o a he oo s *h1olh2and *h2olh2m.w. The e is no eliable e idence. A
*h1ol(H)- sowie na ü lich auch *h2olh2- zu ückgehen (wobei abe ü die o-s u e
decision he e is possible only in such isola ed cases in which i can be made hal way
likely ha a pa icula su ix can only be associa ed wi h a pa icula ype o oo
( e bal o adjec i al). Howe e , such analyses ha e no ye been ca ied ou by K ahe,
Schmid o Udolph. I such a classi ica ion is no success ul, no decision is se iously
possible. Finally, he e again we ha e an example o how he igno ance o al e na i es
esul ing om he consis en neglec o esea ch knowledge can lead o alleged
ce ain y in e ymological solu ions.42 A e hese s a emen s i should ha e become
clea ha a clea assignmen o all he i e names ci ed by Udolph and K ahe43 in he
co esponding con ex o a oo […]el-ol-[…] low […] is simply no longe possible. Anyone
who con inues o do so is making a me e asse ion which canno be subs an ia ed by
any hing, and he ac ha i is a me e asse ion does no change when he Lo d o
he Names makes i .
4 . In his place he e a e also some ema ks on Udolph's e e ences o he i e name Uls e : unlike
Udolph (2011: 172) 41 bo h ap . alne […] ye […] and li . dial. Alnis, Alnias […]hi sch[…], Alnė […]hinde[…], which is
La ian. alnis show a he dialec al opening o he in oduc ion han he old o-s age (see p e ious
behaup e , is diese lussname in unse em kon ex gänzlich i ele an , wenngleich
anno a ion). The same p oblem o he impossibili y o accu a ely de e mining he oo a ises, in my
iew, also in he e ymology o he name o he Elbe, c . Bichlmeie 2012c.
43 Vgl. e wa k ahe 1954: 49, 58.
26
ha aLd bichLMeie
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
na ü lich eine e ymologische Zugehö igkei inso e n o liegen dü e, als auch in
diesen namen eine de oben o ge üh en ün wu zeln s ecken wi d.44
in diesen Zusammenhang gehö auch udolphs sa z (2011: 166): „Zudem is
eine ü gewässe namen übe zeugende e Lösung mi einem ansa z ohne anlau-
La yngology is p e e ed because i i s all Eu opean i e names. Apa om he ac ha he
Danube could no be explained by […]el- endenol-[…] […] small joke on he edge […], he p e ious
s a emen s (especially he one abo e unde 3.1 on he oo s uc u e o he Old Indo-Ge manic) should
ha e made i clea ha his is o cou se wi h an app oach ha ope a es wi h la ynx acco ding o
oday's scien i ic s anda d, o cou se e e y hing goes […] jus he (supposed) cla i y o he
explana ion. Because o anyone who has any idea o Indo-Eu opean s udies, i goes wi hou saying ha
a o m o u idg. *H(H)-s( )- o- (wi h his no a ion, in which *H is he co e symbol o *h1, *h2, *h3, each
o he abo e-men ioned oo s is co e ed) is also p imi i e anyway. I'd gi e i o you. Thus, Udolph's
undamen al gaps in knowledge in he ield o mode n his o ical compa a i e linguis ics and
Indo-Ge manic s udies a e also e ealed he e. Consequen ly, he i e name Uls e speaks nei he o
no agains . I has some hing o do wi h scien i ic hones y ha you admi such hings a some poin
and no , despi e o he , newe indings ha ques ion such hings, ac as i you ha e al eady explained
e e y hing. Mo eo e , i should be poin ed ou ha he e is ano he p oblem, which is he gene a ion
o i e names (i one may add ess he names p esen ed he e as such) o he ype Els e , Als e ,
gegen eine de oben ange üh en wu zeln, udolphs einwand läu öllig ins Lee-
Uls e , e c., o which Udolph m.w. How can i be ha be o e one and he same su ix could once occu a
declining s age, once an e-s age and once an o-s age o he oo ? I would like o ask he
P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he
Commi ee on he Rules o P ocedu e, he Ve i ica ion o C eden ials and Immuni ies. In any case, he
ypes o i e names o he a o emen ioned ype canno be de i ed om a common pa adigm. The
names mus he e o e ha e been de i ed indi idually and he e o e also ha e o be explained
indi idually. Consequen ly, he s a emen ha 44 is equally i ele an in his con ex is ul ima ely also
Udolph's s a emen s (2011: 170 […] 172) o olde a emp s a e ymological linking o wa e names wi h
he oo u idg.
le z lich hema isches su ix geh und ge ade hema ische bildungen nach allgemei-
ne ansich be ei s im u indoge manischen keinen ablau meh au wiesen? auch
*h2el- o eed, o aise. I ha e ne e se iously conside ed such a hing, e en hough Udolph's o ms
aus üh ungen das einem unau me ksamen Lese ielleich sugge ie en könn en.
27s aipsniai / a icles
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
o "in he ablau o each o he " a e (as is some imes ead) w ong. Ra he , only he si ua ion used
o o m he a ious i e names s and. So he whole hing abou he mu ual ela ionship o he
wu zelha en elemen e in e schiedenen ablau s u en. das is eine öllig ande e
names in e ymological (including seman ic) e ms is no mo e han ha jus (usually jus bu also
a comple ely di e en imes) a di e en o m o he same oo was used o o m a pa icula
i e name.
5 . The i s in e im ac s once again make i clea ha Udolph is no p epa ed o wo k his way in o
die im Vo he gehenden anges ell en Übe legungen zum lussnamen Uls e
new hinking pa e ns and o adop hem, e en hough hey ha e long been p o en: he has no
unde s ood he la ynx heo y, as e idenced by his s a emen s on he subjec , un il oday. Bu i
you wan o c i icize o c i icize some hing in a sus ainable way and wi h a claim o be hea d, as
Udolph does wi h he la yngo omy, you should ha e unde s ood i i s and be able o unde s and
he hough p ocesses o be c i icized. Howe e , i his is no done, any c i icism will necessa ily
emain emp y alk. I Udolph had unde s ood he la ynx heo y and i s implica ions, he would ha e
no iced long ago ha many o he p oposals ha I ha e made on a ious i e names we e p ima ily
abou b inging his (and o he esea che s') comple ely ou da ed and ou da ed ep esen a ion o a
s a e ha is pe cei ed by Indoge manis s oday as s anda d. In his espec , some o Udolph's
o he ema ks (2011: 167) ac ually go backwa ds, especially he one abou he lack o in e es o he
Indoge manis s in his ma e ial: he ma e ial does no in e es he Indoge manis s (as al eady
indica ed abo e unde 2.) because i has been wo ked on so inadequa ely by Udolph e al. because he
handling o his ma e ial has so a been done wi h such a lawed me hodology and because […] his
should be emphasized he e […] in he end he gain o knowledge o he co e a ea o he
Indoge manic basic language is qui e insigni ican . Fo Indo-Ge manic a chaeology and se lemen
his o y, his may be di e en as soon as he e a e esul s ha can be elied on. 45 and […]new[…]
he e means no a bene an explana o y model ha began in he 19 h cen u y. I would like o ask he
P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he
Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion.
manis ik (eben die ekons uk ion de Phonologie und Mo phologie de u indo-
28
ha aLd bichLMeie
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
6 . exku s ZuM su ix u ge M. *-s a-
an diese s elle seien nun noch einige beme kungen zum ge manischen
-s a-su ix (so comple ely co ec al eady k ahe/Meid 1969: 184; in obsole e designa ion a udolph
[1994: 243 . e c.] usually: […]s -su ix[…] […] he heme owel is a e all pa o he su ix, o
added: despi e longe sea ching I could no ind an e ymological explana ion o he su ix anywhe e
in udolph's wo k (no e en in he o he ele an sec ion a udolph 1994: […] 243?) He's jus e e ing
o he O.G. Udolph's explana ions a e a gene aliza ion o he s a emen s made by K ahe and Meid:
hey speak o "place names" in he sense o nomina loci (wo ds ha mean "hols e ", "sheep old",
olgen hie k ahe/Meid a.a.o., wobei abe öllig un e s ändlich bleib , wieso e das
au e en des su ixes nach gu u alen he o heb . Übe dies schein ihm auch eine
e c.), no place names in he onomas ic sense. So he compa ison is lawed, as long as you can'
make he ans e om he appella i e o he onymic plausible. Among o he hings, i would i s
ha e o be explained he e how he ans e o a wo d- o ma ion pa e n o he designa ion o
man-made, conc e e objec s (which would be he su ix u idg. *- o-, wi h which, among o he
hings, Nomina ins umen i can be o med [s.u.], qui e a o dable) o jus no man-made "places",
as hey ep esen jus wa e s, should ha e aken place. Such a ans e seems o me o be
any hing bu i ial and in any case equi es an explici jus i ica ion. I'm going o kill you. Fo he
eme gence o his su ix, i is assumed ha he nomina agen is46 and ins umen o ming su ix
u idg. *- oan on den al closu e ending oo s en e ed ( o be supplemen ed he e would o cou se
also be he oo s ending on -s; s.u.), he eby u ge m. *-s azunächs could be c ea ed by law,
eanalyzed and sepa a ed as an independen su ix.47 This could e en ually also be applied o
owel-ending ibes, he eby c ea ing he a ian s. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
Howe e , his possibili y o o igin is no he only one concei able: he seconda y en y o a su ix
u ge m would also be possible. *- an s ems on he s em. *-s V-48 as well as a de i a ion wi h he
same su ix om a base46 in hese o ma ions i could be de i a ions wi h he hema ocal om
he weak s em u idg. * om Nomina agen is on u idg. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . ♪ I'm
he one you' e looking o ♪ whe he o no
de a ige e klä ung auch ü Nomina ins umen i gangba is , soll hie zunächs einmal o en bleiben.
47 ebenso hill 2003: 105 .
48 See also k ahe, Meid 1969: 3, 163 […] 170. This is also he case wi h hill 2003: 105 . Only i you ollow his
de i a ion can u.u. a connec ion wi h he La in adjec i es o he ype sil es is ' o es ', ' o es ed', as
Udolph once desc ibed i in a lec u e in Leipzig in 2008 o 2009 as a polygamous s- ibe. In he la e case,
29s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
he in oduc ion o he -con aining su ix, based on he di e en ablau pa e ns o s-s ems
an das -s- des basiswo s ein epen he ische den al zwischen beiden en s ehen, also
sich eben alls u ge m. *-s a- he ausbilden.49 die le z genann e he lei ung hä e –
a es ed in Indo-Ge manic, would e en ha e he ad an age ha he su ix a ian s decla ed abo e as
pu ely seconda y could be de i ed by law: o example, in a p o e okine ic s-s em u idg. The name.
*KéK-os, gen. *KK-és-s → *K(e)K-és-os, assuming ha seconda y de i a i es a e usually de i ed om he
weak Simila ly, he su ix a ian s *-s a- (< *-s-( )- o-) and *-as a- (<*-os-( )- o) could be de i ed
ei he om di e en ly lowing s-s ems o om a no equen ly occu ing, bu some imes occu ing,
s amm e olg en, au oma isch *K(e)K-es- o- > u ge m. *K(e)K-is- - a- en s ehen.
de i a ion om he s ong a he han he weak s em. In o he wo ds, he exis ing su ix a ian s
could all ha e a s a u o y o igin. I emains o be seen whe he he language compa ison can also e eal
he espec i e p o o ypes, i.e. whe he Ge manic o ma ions can be ound on he […]s a-[…] i no in
Ge manic, hen pe haps in o he Indo-Ge manic languages […] he co esponding s- ibes. Bu ha has
o be le o u he esea ch. No ma e which de i a ion is p e e ed o which should ul ima ely
p o e o be he (only) co ec one, i should ha e become clea which e ymological de ici s a e s ill o be
o e come he e. And u he mo e, i should also ha e become clea om he o egoing s a emen s
ha he wa e names on U ge m. * s angely necessa ily he same e ymological o igin as he o.g.
Nomina loci mus ha e: while o hese appella i es a de i a ion om o iginal nomina ins umen s on
*- odu chaus is plausible, his canno be said o i e names: hese may well ha e a isen ei he om
seconda ily hema ized nomina agen is on *- (e) - + *-o,50 o a e jus seconda ily subs an i ied
seconda y adjec i es on *- ozu old s-s ems, as shown a he end: M.e. is he de i a ion o he wo
seman ically qui e di e en classes o subs an i es has s ulied: because he La in su ix o m can
only om u idg. *-s- + *- - + *- Vbzw. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Leumann, Ho mann, Szan y
1977: 351 .; Lüh [balles] 2008: 126 ., Weiss 2009: 320), he o he wo possible de i a ions o he Old
Ge manic a e no alid he e due o he I alian-La in sound laws. I would also be necessa y o examine
sepa a ely whe he he e a e any new o ms in a single language o whe he i is e en a
Ge manic-I alian isogloss.
49 See also loudness 1998: 449 […] 451.
See also 50. Oh, my gosh. 46.

30 ac a
ha aLd bichLMeie
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
(eben Nomina loci s. lussnamen) aus u sp ünglich e schiedenen mo phologischen
I is much mo e likely han he old pos ula e ha all his had only one s a ing poin .
Howe e , u he esea ch is also needed he e in o de o cla i y his ma e as
de ini i ely as possible. 7 . Wi h he insigh s o Indoge manian linguis ics, as elsewhe e,
he hyd onymy is p ac ically a one-way s ee : only wo d o ms o in his case wa e
names ha co espond exac ly o wha can be expec ed om he compa ison o he
a es ed Old Indoge manian languages in e ms o phonology and mo phology can be
sa ely add essed as Indoge manian and conside ed as clean e ymologizable. Wo d
o ms whose su ixes o su ix chains a e no o be ound in he appella i e
ocabula y o o he Indo-Ge manic languages a e jus as much a p oblem as wo d
Ve häl nis zwischen ekons uie em u indoge manisch und de al eu opäischen
o ms whose le els canno be explained: i is simply no longe enough (as in he imes o
K ah) o s a e ha one has o do wi h his o ha le el in any wo d, one mus also
explain (can) why i exis s and wha pa allels he e a e o i . A pa icula ly s iking
example o he neglec o any knowledge om he compa ison o he Indo-Ge manic
languages is he Udolphan explana ion o he i e names Poland. I'm going o ake a
look a i . D ewenz […] […]D uan ia[…], F ench D uance, please. D uen ia52 e c., a case
wi h one o he some imes qui e p oblema ic, like pa iciple-looking o ma ions. These
i e names a e de i ed om udolph53 in he wake o olde wo k by u.a. k ahes
(co ec ing his), which o his i e s ill eckons wi h a p e o m
[…]*D a an ia[…],54 e u ned o […]D uan ia[…]. In his app oach, oo many
51 Vgl. dazu e wa auch bichlmeie 2012d.
See also 52. abou acs 1, 1320 .
53 See udolph 1990: 107[…]112; he e is also a lis o he e idence.
See also 54. I'm no going o lie o you.
31s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
nächs wiede einmal öllig e al e e no a ionsgewohnhei en. besse wä e ein an-
sa z al eu op. *d u()an (i)ā-, das dann, wie aus den wei e en aus üh ungen udol-
phs he o geh , le z lich (in ak uelle no a ion) au u idg.(?) *d u()-on -ih2-/-eh2-
zu ückge üh wi d.
abe dami sind wi schon mi en im P oblem: nach udolph handel es sich
This is a pa ial o m. Bu such a o m wi h he abla i e s ages ha a e o e ed
he e, namely he declining s age in he oo , he o-s age in he su ix wi h he
eminine ending, is an unding in his o m. Such an app oach is impossible o his
oo 55 om he linguis ic poin o iew: i al eady begins wi h he oo u idg. *[…]d e-
[…]lau en[…]56 (seconda y pe haps also u idg. […] ließen[…]), which occu s appella i ely
only in Indo-I anian: he decline o his oo is only e idenced in o ms ha ha e no
di ec connec ion wi h he o ma ion o be discussed he e, namely he PPP ai ha
occu s only p e ixed. -d u á- […] unning[…] and he plu al o he pe ec , abou
3.Pl.Pe .ak . I 's all igh . I 's called Dud u u . The p esence o his oo shows in he
ew Indo-Ge manic languages in which i is a all a es ed, he ull and hema ocal,
jus u idg. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . A pa iciple o he p esen had o
be ac i a ed. m. *d é-on -, . *d é-on -ih2 sounds. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o
his. a g adual e bal o ma ion, o which an ac i e pa iciple on -n hä e can be
o med, would ei he ha e o be o med in o a oo - hema ic ao is , o o m so,
p äsens u idg. †d é- i, †d u-én i > †d-én i ode zu einem wu zelao is ode
which appella i ely a e jus nowhe e o be ound. he pa iciple o he
a o emen ioned hypo he ical s ems would ha e sounded […]d u-én gelau e , which
acco ding o he phono ac ic ules o U indoge manic mus be ocalized as
[…]d[…]-én hä e, he eminine o m would p obably ha e been […]d u-n -íh2gewesen,
which would ha e been ocalized […]d[…]- -íh2h. Tha is, in o de o c ea e he
(supposed) pa iciple, one would ha e o c oss he declining s age o he
ne e -occupied oo heo is wi h he o-s age su ix o m, which belongs only o
hema ic o ma ions […] in his case only o he p esen ibe […]. Mo eo e , i would
ha e o be assumed ha he egula syllabi ica ion o he may also occu somewhe e.
schwunds u igen o m nach de olls u igen o m ausge ich e , also †d-én - zu
†d u()-én - umges al e wu de. heo e isch is so e was na ü lich denkba und
Howe e , I am no awa e o any pa allel cases ha ce ainly show his p ocess. M
Udolph would be g a e ul i he could gi e such examples o suppo his e ymological
p oposals.
55 heo e ically hinke would o cou se also be he exis ence o a e b a e he so-called. I 's jus ha
he e's no ace o any indica ion o his oo .
56 See also This is LiV2 129.
32 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII may be a ibu ed o an al eady dialec ally
ha aLd bichLMeie
s uc u ed U indoge manic, as is o en he case o ancien Eu opean hyd onymes,
ih em cha ak e nach wä e dies abe ohnehin wiede eine e scheinung, die
jeden alls nu einzelsp achlich, keines alls abe g undsp achlich au ge e en sein
dü e. wenn dem so is , kann diese bildung abe e s ech wiede kaum noch
bu he wo o.g. would ha e o be added. In ou case, we would ha e o ask o he oo
o ha e a meaning o " lowing" o "swimming", which ob iously is no he case. he
eine spä e en Zei s u e zuge echne we den.
oo he e is clea ly du a i e (‘ unning, i necessa y also he o ma ion o a hema ic
ao is nex o a hema ic p esen is possible, bu unlikely. In addi ion, hema ic ao is s
belong o a la e phase in he his o y o he eme gence o he Indo-Ge manic language.
In o he wo ds, e en he app oach o a hema ic ao is would in p inciple con adic
he hesis ha he ancien Eu opean hyd onymy had o do wi h a di ec ou low o
sekundä ‘ ließen’). sie ha deshalb wohl niemals einen wu zelao is ausgebilde .
he Indo-Ge manic. Finally, i is s ill necessa y o conside he signi icance o an ac i e
pa icipa ion o a oo heo is : he e one would ha e o assume, o example, " lowing
loose", "once upon a ime" on-o e . Is ha eally sui able o a i e ? F om all his i
ine i ably ollows ha he classical o Udolphan explana ion canno be co ec .
So we will ha e o con inue o look o an explana ion ha is also compa ible wi h he
indings o he language compa ison. As a possibili y, i should be conside ed whe he
o no , in he ligh o he o egoing, P oblems should be be e deal wi h wi h an
e ymology ha s a s om a possessi e adjec i e m. *d u-én -, . *d u- -íh2-,
which would mean […]wood ich[…] (possibly also […] o es ich[…]): o he -e o ms o
he oldes i e name documen s, whe e i is indeed eminine, one would hen ha e o
ake pa adigma ic equi alen s acco ding o he masculine o ms (which would be a
i ial p ocess), while […] as indica ed abo e […] he o iginal D uan o could be.
Ly ically, his e ymology could explain he wa e names wi h […]uan -> as well as he
lich schwunds u iges su ix au weisende eminine o m du chaus als *d u-ən - >
ones on […]uen -> and also seman ically i is no a p oblem: a i e could be called
o es o wooded because i o en ca ied d i wood, o because dense ee s ock
accompanied i s low. In iew o he ac ha his is so a he only Mögge manic o
uni e wi hou con adic ion, his e ymology should clea ly be p e e ed o he
Udolphan solu ion.57 In he con ex o he e ymology o hese i e names, i is
lichkei is , die beleg en o men mi dem mo phologischen sys em des u indo-
33s aipsniai / a icles
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
necessa y o poin o ano he example o how e eshing he Udolphan
Indo-Ge manic knowledge is […] always assuming ha i is no an in en ionally
dis o ed ep esen a ion ha se es o seem o con adic one's own heo y. an
essay by al ed bammesbe ge (1981). In his essay, as he i le sugges s, we' e
alking abou a heis ic e bal ibes. as se ou abo e, is oo u idg. Bu only a
hema ic p esence is a es ed. So all o his has no hing o do wi h he case
dem Ve weis au indoge manis ische a bei en zu un e maue n: in seine diskus-
sion de hie besp ochenen lussnamensippe um D uen ia/D uan ia zi ie e (1990:
discussed he e. In addi ion, hose o Bammesbe ge a.a.o. The -an - o ms men ioned,
o which Udolph e e s, a e ei he ancien Indian o ms (which, due o he ancien
Indian laws o sound, do no allow any di ec in e ence in his posi ion as o whe he
hei owel u idg. *e, *a o *o was based on), o i is he o ms o he G eek de i ed
analogically om bammesbe ge o e bs wi h u g .
* as a oo owel; These a e conside ed o be mo e widesp ead oday (and as ea ly as 1990), bu in any
case hey a e sensi i e o he colo ing e ec o u idg. *h2 e u ned (u idg. *s h2-én - > u g . *s án -)
o in his case pe haps be e wi h os o ic abb e ia ion o long owel be o e a g oup o esonan +
occlusi e (u idg. *s éh2-n - > u g . i *s ān - > u g . ii *s án -), i i should i s be an U chian o ma ion.
In he case o undis u bed ocal de elopmen , his e b would pe haps e en be u idg anyway. I'm no
su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I was o be expec ed,58
whe eas hen in his o m again seconda y he -n o he pa iciple would ha e been es o ed
analogically (and hen he long owel could be sho ened again acco ding o he Os ho ule).59 In o he
wo ds, he o ms wi h -an a e eckoned (bo h acco ding o he Bammesbe g la yngalose and
acco ding o he la yngal eckoning ep esen ed he e om he U indoge manic) only in Inne G eek o
in 57 I should be no ed in his p oposal ha i is o be sepa a ed om olde p oposals, which a e
al eady in and eckon la gely wi h a i s Sla ic o ma ion o he wa e name.
udolph (1990: 109 .) zi ie we den und eben alls mi einem wo ü ‘baum, holz’ als g undlage de
e ymologie echnen. jene Vo schläge spiegeln eben alls meis übe hol e au assungen zu wo bildung
58 i he e ec o he Lex Rix is also conside ed possible o he inlau , would be u idg. I'm no su e wha
you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm
going o pu i in he e. 59 ha such es i u ions do no necessa ily ha e o be made, shows he example o he ancien Indian, whe e
in einigen Ve balklassen du chaus ein nebeneinande de su ix a ian en -an - : -a - (< u idg. *-én - :
- -) e hal en blieb.
40 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII o be judged and .a. Be o e a majo syn hesis,
ha aLd bichLMeie
he e ymologies o he indi idual wa e names should i s be explo ed sepa a ely.
gesam e be e ende Ma e ial noch einmal zu sich en, nach heu igen Maßs äben neu
The p ocedu e used so a can only be desc ibed as unclean a e all ha has been
said he e. The esul s o he p e ious in es iga ions mus he e o e be
consis en ly ques ioned, since, due o he ou da ed me hodology, he p oblem o he
e ymology o he name o he i e Ille has in any case no been b ough close o a
solu ion by he Udolphan explana ions.
zu ällig zu ich igen e gebnissen ge üh haben dü en.
10. ZusaM eco ding and iewing
I we now conclude wi h a balance shee o he abo e s a emen s on Udolph's
in oduc ions (2011 and elsewhe e), we can only come o one conclusion: i is indeed ime
o Indoge manis s o e u n o being he specialis s in his o ical-compa a i e
linguis ics o ancien Eu opean hyd onymy. The Udolph call o his should be ollowed
uncondi ionally and in la ge numbe s. Because i is essen ial ha an analysis o hese
wa e names is inally ca ied ou acco ding o he c i e ia and me hods o mode n
Indo-Ge manic s udies. Udolph's esea ch is me hodologically and in e ms o knowledge
o ele an linguis ic, especially Indo-Ge manic seconda y li e a u e and o he aids on
he le el o K ahe and hus ul ima ely mos ly on he le el o he in e wa pe iod. The
indings o Indo-Ge man s udies o e he las hal -cen u y a e basically igno ed. Nei he
in he ield o phonology and his o ical phone ics o he U indoge manic no o he
indi idual languages (such as Ge manic and Sla ic) is Udolph e en hal way up o he
cu en s a e o science. This backlog becomes qui e gla ing in he ield o his o ical
mo phology, especially in he ield o wo d o ma ion: abou he mos ly udimen a y
desc ip ion o naming o he mo phemes occu ing in a wo d o name, he ul ima ely ne e
ge s beyond […] and e en he equi ed mo phemanalysis, which is only he i s s ep o a
comple e e ymologiza ion, due o decades o igno ance, co esponds o he esea ch on
wo d o ma ion on he pa o he Indo-Eu opean imes. In he end, nei he in he wo ks
o Udolph, which a e examined in mo e de ail he e, no in any o he o his wo ks, is he e a
comple e e ymology, which is he de Saussu ean knowledge ha a wo d consis s o o m
and con en .

41s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
(which would hen ha e o be explained by bo h when c ea ing an
e ymology).
No one should be ooled by he equally polemical and so e eign one o he s a emen s
o he "Lo d o Names" discussed he e in de ail, which mani es se ious
inconsis encies in all a eas o his o ical linguis ics. In he sense o he abo e
quo a ion om Vennemann, e ymologies à la Udolph mus be desc ibed as "nai e",
since he is consis en in he ounda ion o his wo ks by he "one" p o ided by
Indoge manis ics. Due o he clea sho comings p esen ed he e in some o Udolph's
selec ed e ymologies, one will ha e o be e y ca e ul in he u u e wi h he esul s
schlägigen e kenn nisse“ e weige .
o his espec i e wo ks: since he linguis ic analysis o he wo d o ms al eady has
se e e de ici s, i becomes ques ionable whe he he conclusions d awn om one o
he ques ionable ma e ials (such as he homeland o Sla s and Ge mans) could ha e
exis ed. A he p esen s age o he in es iga ions, no de ini e in o ma ion can ye
be gi en. Bu i should ha e become clea ha all he ma e ial collec ed and analyzed
by Udolph and his p edecesso s mus once again be examined om he g ound up wi h
he me hods o mode n Indoge manis ics in o de o clea i o a leas doub ul, i
no alse, e ymologies. Wi h he ma e ial p epa ed in his way, one can hen once again
begin o hink abou wo d- o ma ion pa e ns in wa e names, and inally pe haps
specula e again abou how a one can d aw conclusions om his abou any p imi i e
homelands.
The p o agonis s o ancien Eu opean s udies ha e hus le a moun ain o wo k o
Indoge manis ics, as hey ha e ailed o lea e he analysis o his ma e ial o
esea che s who a e no su icien ly equipped me hodologically o ely on he
ins umen a ium anzuwenden. gleichzei ig haben die indoge manis en den ehle
esea ch unde aken by Indoge manis ics, pa ly o e decades o common ma e ial.
Since his scien i ic backlog canno be made up o in he o eseeable u u e by
ancien Eu opean s udies (no leas because o he lack o ained young people),
Indoge mans will be able o do his.
au gabe schul e n müssen. die Zukun wi d zeigen, ob da ü genügend jünge e
wissenscha le gewonnen we den können, die sich nich on de al backenhei
de bishe igen da s ellung de o schungse gebnisse absch ecken lassen –schließ-
lich ha die indoge manis ik auch ohnedies schon meh in e essan e o schungs-
gebie e zu bie en, als o den lich bea bei e we den können.
42
ha aLd bichLMeie
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
LITe aTu acs […] holde al ed: Old Cel ic language easu e. 3 bde. Wha is i ? Leipzig, 1896-1907.
He was bo n in Leipzig, Ge many. al ie i Luca 2011: adici indoeu opee inizian i in *#V-, lesis enza
di *ap ima ia e lesi o di *#h3ein ana olico. I is also known as he "Radici indoeu opee inizian i"
[…] His o ical linguis ics 123, 2010 [2011], 1[…]39. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used
in his way. bammesbe ge al ed 1981: he -n pa iciple in a hema ic e bs in G eek. This is
Kuhn's magazine o he yea 95, 1981, 286-292. Bichlmeie ha ald 2007: e iew o g eule o janka o
p ince (hgg) 2005. […] Jou nal o Ba a ian his o y 693, 2006 [2007], 1011[…]1014. This a icle is pa o
a se ies on he his o y o Ba a ia. Bichlmeie ha ald 2010a: Ba a ian-Aus ian place and wa e
names om an Indo-Ge manic poin o iew. […] Lea es o Uppe Ge man Name Resea ch 46, 2009
[2010], bichlmeie ha ald 2010b: Rōma […] Naming-language-his o ical no es on a commonly known
3–63.
place name (wi h an exce p o ask abou he ch onology o loanwo d ela ionships o
neighbo ing languages on he example o nhd. House and i s bichlmeie ha ald 2010c: A elape,
Te golape, In e laken […] a con ibu ion o he Cel ic i e and place name laye in he Alpine
Vo o men). – Das Al e um 55, 2010, 175–202.
egion. […] Jou nal o His o ical Linguis ics bichlmeie ha ald 2010d: Mode n Indoge manis ics s.
adi ional naming, pa 3: T aun, Raab and Aude s. This is he i s pa o a se ies o a icles
122, 2009 [2010], 254–267.
on he his o y o Indoge manism. […] Aus ian esea ch on names 38, 2010, 104[…]113. bichlmeie
ha ald 2011a: some undamen al conside a ions on he ela ionship be ween Indoge man and
p e-Indo-Eu opean languages espec i ely. Ancien Eu opean nomencla u e wi h some case
examples (Mode n Indoge manis ics s. adi ional nomencla u e, pa 1). […]Name- ela ed
in o ma ion 95/96, 2009 [2011], 173[…]208. The name is de i ed om he name o he coun y in which
i is loca ed. I 's called e ymology plus an iqui y. […] Nou elle Re ue d[…]Onomas ique 51, 2009 [2011],
bichlmeie ha ald 2011b: Rōma – hyd onyme « paléoeu opéen » ou désigna ion d’une
« e e ag icole » ? en a i e de mise au poin e b è es considé a ions su d’au es p oposi ions
69[…]84. This is he i s ime ha he magazine has been published. bichlmeie ha ald 2011c:
Ba a ian-Aus ian place and wa e names om an Indoge manis poin o iew: pa 2: Isa and
e ymologically ela ed (as well as addendum o he con ibu ion in he bon 46 (2003-63). […] Pape s
o Uppe Ge man name esea ch bichlmeie ha ald 2011d: once again o he place name
47, 2010 [2011], 21–31.
Magdebu g. Name- ela ed in o ma ion 97, 2010 [2011], 109 and 132. bichlmeie ha ald 2011e: mode n
indoge manis ics s. adi ional nomencla u e, bichlmeie ha ald 2012a: e iew o: s adnik-holze
elena, holze geo g (hgg.): language and li e o he ea ly medie al sla es. Fes sch i o
eil 2 – Sa e, D au, Zöbe n. in: Ziegle , windbe ge -heidenkumme 2011, 63–87.
43s aipsniai / a icles
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
Radosla Ka ičić on he 80 h and subsequen essays. W i ings on languages and ex s (= 10).
F ank u and so on. This is Pe e Lang, 2010. […] Jou nal o Balkanology 47/2, 2011 [2012], 277[…]281.
Gebu s ag. Mi den Bei ägen zu den Scheibbse In e na ionalen Sp achhis o ischen Tagen II
This is he i s ime ha he jou nal has been published in he Uni ed S a es. bichlmeie ha ald
2012b: some selec ed p oblems o ancien eu opean hyd onymy om he poin o iew o
mode n indoge manis ics […] a plea o a new iew o hings. Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 66, 2012,
1147. This is he i s ime ha his has happened. Ropaic hyd onyms, including Indo-Ge manic
addi ions o he name o he Elbe. […] Con ibu ions o he s udy o names, New Issue, 47/4, 2012,
bichlmeie ha ald 2012c: anme kungen zum e minologischen P oblem de ‚al eu-
365[…]395. bichlmeie ha ald 2012d: wha insigh s can be gained om he lexical and mo phological
ma e ial o he […]al eu opean hyd onymy[…] o Indo-Ge manic s udies? […] A emp ed balance
shee . Lec u e gi en a he commemo a i e colloquium o
Vallija la e in Riga on he 10 h o May 2012.
bichlmeie ha ald 2012e: some Indo-Ge manic addi ions o he e ymology o he name o he
Thu ingians. […] Con ibu ions o he s udy o names, Neue Folge, 47/2, 2012, bichlmeie ha ald (in
207–224.
p in ): ema ks on he e minological p oblem o he […]al eu opean hyd onymie[…] oge he
wi h Indo-Ge manic addi ions o he name o he Elbe. Blažek Václa 2010: e ymological analysis
o oponyms om P olemy's desc ip ion o cen al Eu ope. […] b ozo ić onče ić, omin,
Ma aso ić, 2010, 21 […]45. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. B ozo ić onče ić dunja, omin
Maxim, Ma aso ić anko (hgg.) 2010: Cel s and Sla s in Cen al and Sou heas e n Eu ope. The
s udy o Cel o-Sla icism III. P oceedings o he Thi d In e na ional Colloquium o he Socie as
Cel o-Sla ica, Dub o nik, Sep embe 18 and 20, 2008, which was held in Dub o nik. (Znans eni
zbo nici 2) Zag eb: ins i u e o he C oa ian language and linguis ics. Claxson James,
Indo-Eu opean linguis ics and he de elopmen o he language. This is an in oduc ion o
Camb idge ex books in linguis ics. This is he Camb idge Uni e si y P ess. he heo y and
his o y o linguis ic science, se ies iV, 35). I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
collinge ne ille edga 1985: The Laws o Indo-Eu opean (ams e dam s udies in
de ksenick 1996: Me a ony in he Bal ic (Leiden s udies in Indo-Eu opean 6). This is
he i s ime ha his has happened. I'm going o A lan a. I'm going o Rodopi.
edg […] beekes obe wi h he assis ance o Lucien an beek: E ymological edL […] de
Dic iona y o G eek (Leiden indo-eu opean e ymological dic iona y se ies 10. Leiden –
bos on: b ill, 2010.
44
ha aLd bichLMeie
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
Vaan Michiel: E ymological Dic iona y o La in and he o he I alic Languages (Leiden
indo-eu opean e ymological dic iona y se ies 7) This is a lis o he languages spoken in
he Ne he lands. […] Leiden: b ill, 2008. edhiL […] kloekho s alwin: E ymological
Dic iona y o he Hi i e Inhe i ed Lexicon (Leiden indo-eu opean e ymological
dic iona y se ies 5) This is he i s edi ion o he book. […] bos on: b ill, Leiden, 2008.
edPc […] Ma aso ić anko: An E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Cel ic (Leiden
edPc-add. – addenda e co igenda o anko Ma aso ićs E ymological Dic iona y o P o-
o-Cel ic (b ill, Leiden 2009) [Zag eb, decembe 2011]:
indoeu opean e ymological dic iona y se ies 9). This is he i s ime ha he e m
has been used in his way. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o
he ac ha he Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e , and i so,
wha is he Commission's posi ion? 15.4.2012). edsiL […] de ksen ick: E ymological
Dic iona y o he Sla ic Inhe i ed Lexicon (Leiden indo-eu opean e ymological
dic iona y se ies 4) This is a lis o dic iona ies published by he Eu opean Union.
Leiden, Bos on: B ill, 2008. Esjs. E a Ha lo á and o he s. This is he i s ime I' e seen
his. The e ymological slang o he old Slo enian language. P aha: academia, om asz.
15: P aha: ibun eu, 1989 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . ewahd […] E ymological
dic iona y o Old High Ge man he band: - I 's called bezzis o. I was w i en by Albe
L. Lloyd and O o Sp inge . Gö ingen […] Zu ich: Vandenhoeck and Rup ech , 1988. Band
ii: bî […] ezzo. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. I was w i en by L. Lloyd, osema
ie Lüh and o o sp inge unde he pa icipa ion o ka en . P u d y. gö ingen […] Zu ich: Vandenhoeck & up ech , 1998.
band iii: adum […] ûs slag. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his band. I was
w i en by albe l lloyd and osema ie lüh wi h he help o ge linde kohl usch, ma ia
kozianka, ka en . pu dy and oland sch uhmann. Gö ingen: Vandenhoeck and
Rup ech , 2007. Band iV: Gâba […] Hyla e. This is he i s ime I' e seen his band. I was
w i en by Albe L. Lloyd and Rosema ie Lüh wi h he help o Ge linde ko hl usch,
Ma ia kozianka, ka en . Pu dy and oland sch uhmann. Gö ingen: Vandenhoeck &
up ech , 2009. ewaia […] May ho e Man ed: E ymological dic iona y o he Old Indo-A yan language. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way. 3 bde. Wha is i ?
Heidelbe g: win e o 1992, 1996, and 2001.
The e ymological dic iona y o he Ge man language. On he 2nd loo .
This is a lis o ilms p oduced by Deu sche Welle.
ewds24 […] wise ied ich, seebold elma : e ymological dic iona y o he ge man
schen Sp ache. 24., du chges. u. e w. au l. be lin – new yo k: de g uy e , 2002.
ewds25 – kluge ied ich, seebold elma : E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu -
language. 25.l. be lin […] bos on: de g uy e , 2011. ewn […] Philippa, Ma lies e al. (hgg.):
E ymological dic iona y o he Du ch language. I: A and E. I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I is published by Ams e dam
Uni e si y P ess, 2005.
iii: Ke–R. ams e dam: ams e dam uni e si y P ess, 2007.
iV: S–Z. ams e dam: ams e dam uni e si y P ess, 2009.
45s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
IV 2004: Indo-Eu opean language and cul u e […] an in oduc ion (blackwell ex books in
linguis ics 19). Malden and Ox o d and Ca l on and Blackwell. IV 2009: Indo-Eu opean
language and cul u e […] an in oduc ion. Second edi ion (blackwell ex books in
linguis ics 19). Malden and Ox o d and Ca l on and Blackwell.
gö zen jens 1998: Die En wicklung de indoge manischen Ve bindungen on den alen
Occlusi e wi h special conside a ion o Ge man (Innsb uck con ibu ions o linguis ics 94).
Innsb uck: con ibu ions o he s udy o language. G eule alb ech 2011: wo king and
p esen a ion echniques o he Ge man wa e name book. In: Ziegle ,
windbe ge -heidenkumme , 2011, 117 […] 126. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. G eule alb ech ,
janka wol gang, p ince michael (hgg.) 2005: wa e names in ba a ia and aus ia. 3. Colloquium o
he Wo king G oup on Ba a ian-Aus ian Name Resea ch (Regensbu g, 27 and 28 Feb ua y 2004)
( egensbu g s udies on name esea ch 1). I 's called Vulpes.
This is a lis o ai po s in Sweden, g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion. I'm no su e wha
1–22.
you' e alking abou . […] His o ical linguis ic esea ch 115, hill eugen 2003: in es iga ions in o
he inne Sandhi o Indo-Ge manic. The collision o den al plosi es in Indo-I anian, Ge manic,
I alian and Cel ic (Munich esea ch on his o ical linguis ics 1). I'm going o B emen. Kapo ić
Ma e 2008: U od u indoeu opsku ling is iku (English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o
he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion o he English ansla ion) I 's a language wi h a phonology. Zag eb: Ma ica om he Czech Republic.
Hans K ahe 1954: Language and he Ea ly Times. Eu opean p ehis o y acco ding o he
es imony o language. Heidelbe g: Sou ce and Meye . Hans K ahe 1963: The s uc u e o
ancien Eu opean hyd onymism ( heses o he in ellec ual and social science class,
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1959 (nd 1981). B: dublin: dublin ins i u e o ad anced s udies […] Pa is: na ional
cen e o scien i ic esea ch, 1981.

46 ac a
ha aLd bichLMeie
Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
C: dublin: dublin ins i u e o ad anced s udies – Pa is: cen e na ional de la e-
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D: dublin: dublin ins i u e o ad anced s udies […] Pa is: na ional cen e o
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M, N, O, P: dublin: dublin ins i u e o ad anced s udies, 1983. R, S: dublin: dublin
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T, U: dublin: dublin ins i u e o ad anced s udies […] Pa is: na ional cen e o
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Leumann Manu, cou man johannes bap is , szan y an on 1977:
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la ei umswissenscha , ab . he was bo n in he ci y o leu en, in he p o ince o .
Pa wo. This is Munich. LeV […] ka ulis kons an īns: La ian e ymology dic iona y o he di os in he sea s. I'm wi h you. (ii) he ollowing pa ag aph is added:
P.J. Wha a e you doing? This is A o s, 1992.
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LiV […] ix helmu and o he s. This is a lexicon o Indo-Ge manic e bs. The oo s and
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wo d- o ma ion pa e ns o selec ed Indo-Ge manic indi idual languages. Volume 1:
La in, Old G eek edi ed by I ene Balles (se ies o wo ks Philologia 121).
This is Hambu g, Ko ač.
Volume 2: Hi i e, Old Indian, Old A menian edi ed by Joachim Ma zinge (se ies o wo ks
Philology 122). This is Hambu g, Ko ač.
LVŽ is a collec i e o au ho s: Lie u os ie o a džių žodynas. I: A and B. Vilnius:
Li huanian language ins i u es, 2008.
Mallo y james P., adams douglas Q. 2006: The Ox o d In oduc ion o P o oMa aso ić
Indo-Eu opean and he P o o-Indo-Eu opean Wo ld. ox o d: ox o d uni e si y P ess.
anko [219922010]: K a ka po edbenopo ijesna g ama ika la inskoga jezika. This is he i s ime ha he English language has been used in his way.
Zag eb: Ma ica om he Czech Republic.
May ho e , Man ed: A e a hund ed yea s. Fe dinand de Saussu e's ea ly wo k and i s
ecep ion by oday's Indo-Ge manic li e a u e. Wi h a con ibu ion by Ronald Zwanzige and
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sche klasse 1981,8). heidelbe g: win e .
47s aipsniai / a icles
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
May ho e Man ed 1986 [²2012]: Indoge manische G amma ik. Band I/2: Lau leh e:
Segmen ale Phonologie des Indoge manischen (indoge manische biblio hek: eihe 1, Leh -
handbooks: Indo-Ge manic g amma bd. 1). Heidelbe g is win e . May ho e Man ed 2005: The
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Academy o Sciences, philosophical-his o ical class 730). The Aus ian Academy o Sciences.
Meie -B ügge Michael 2000: Indo-Ge manic linguis ics, which is published by he Ge man
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coope a ion o Ma hias F i z and Man ed May ho e (de-g uy e s udy book). Be lin and
New Yo k: he G uy e . Michael Meie -B uege , 2002: Indo-Ge manic linguis ics, also known as
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o Ma hias F i z and Man ed May ho e (de-g uy e s udy book). Be lin and New Yo k: he
G uy e .
Michael Meie -B uege : Indo-Ge manic linguis ics is he s udy o he Indo-Ge manic
language. 9 h, h ough. You' e going o die. Published wi h he coope a ion o Ma hias
F i z and Man ed May ho e (de-g uy e s udy book). Be lin and New Yo k: he G uy e .
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kilmė) is a Li huanian ilm di ec ed and p oduced by Mikulėnienė Danguolė. Vilnius:
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he basics o la yngo heo y (s udia Linguis ica ge manica 88). Be lin and New Yo k: he
G uy e .
Ne i Se gio, Ziegle Sabine 2012: Ho de Nöss. This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
Wö e buch de Thü inge Dialek e. b emen: hempen.
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Con ibu ions o an e ymological Indo-Ge manic lexicon. Heidelbe g: win e , 2008.
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48
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ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
Pj – opo o Vladimi nikolae ič, i ano Vjačesla Vse olodo ič:
P usskij jazyk .
One, wo, h ee. Moscow: science and echnology, 1975.
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3: I. Mosk a: nauka, 1980.
4: K[…]L. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Moscow: science, 1984. This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
5: L. Moscow: science, 1990. This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
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supplemen ing he e ymology o he Li huanian language. Pa ii. […] Ac a Linguis ica
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supplemen a y olume 9). Be lin and New Yo k: he G uy e . The Eu opean Pa liamen , he
Council and he Economic and Social Commi ee ha e adop ed a numbe o amendmen s o
he p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li hua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li hua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li hua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li hua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li ua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li ua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li ua- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li a- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li a- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li a- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li a- […] Ac a Linguis ica Li a- […] This is also known as he
nica 62–63, 161–176.
Vennemann (gen. nie eld) acco ding o 1999: olk e ymology and place name
esea ch. […] Con ibu ions o he s udy o names, New Issue 34, 269[…]322. wagne
no be 1994/95: es. o Udolph in 1994. […] Con ibu ions o he s udy o names, New
This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
49s aipsniai a icles by
Zum sp achwissenscha lichen ni eau de o schungen zu
Al eu opäischen Hyd onymie – eine e wide ung au eine Polemik
weiss Michael L. 2009: Ou line o he his o ical and compa a i e g amma o La in. ann
a bo – new yo k: beach s o e P ess.
Ziegle a ne, windbe ge -heidenkumme e ika (hgg.) 2011: Me hods o name esea ch.
Me hodology, me hodology and p ac ice (ac s o he 6 h mee ing o he wo king g oup
o Ba a ian-Aus ian name esea ch (abÖn), G az, 12. […] 15.5.2010).
Be lin: academic publishing house.
Zimme s e an 2006: e e e , i. philological, § 1: namekundlich. This is he i s ime ha he
e m has been used in his way. in: Reallexikon de Ge manischen Al e umskunde 31 (2006), 173 . I
dėl Seniosios Eu opos hid onimijos y imų
mokslinio lygio – a sakymas į polemiką
is also known as he Reallexikon de Ge manischen Al e umskunde. This a icle is pa o he
esponse o he discussion by Jü geno Udolpho Publishing (Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 62[…]63, 2011,
161[…]176), which is polemical abou i s w i ing, and is published in he jou nal Blä e ü
obe deu sche Namen o schung 46, 2009 (2010), 3[…]63, au o iumi. The c i icism o he Udolphus
a icle is ha i is a bichlo omy o he kai, he eiginius and he juos paneigia. The e a e no
enough a gumen s agains he opposi e. Pa sudolphas claidingai e ina kalboje ykusius
p ocessus, aip a skleisdamas menką pas a aisiais dešim mečius publikuo ų, ide. This is he i s
ime ha he public has been able o see he p ocess. Calcula ion o he me hodology o he
s udy o he ski wo k. I is no possible o dis inguish be ween hese wo ypes o de ec s: 1)
ide. The phone ic sys em o he p okalbės was cha ac e ized by he phone ic sys em o he
la ynx. Recons uc ional models wi h hese phone ic elemen s a e passing, so he
in e p e a ion is i a ional. 2) based on his a gumen , possible eig i, kad šaknų […]*el-/ol-[…]
econs uc ion is he me hod o g inding he pasenusia. I would like o ask you, M P esiden ,
whe he you a e p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he
En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. The s uc u e o he shell. 3) udolpho
eiginys, when ide. I 's called he p okalbėje neegzis a o sonan as , i 's called he kazuis inis. 4)
P incipinis balsių kai os sekų e ec seman inei hid onimų di e enciacijai igno a imas
e in inas kaip mokslinis anach onisms. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he wo ld ha
he e m has been used in his way. 5) Mėginimas anden a dį Ille kildin i iš *Eli a,
a gumen uojamas k ahes e ymological s a s ymais, is no success ul. This is he i s ime
ha he e ymology o he wo d has been used. This wo d, i 's al eady ixed in he six h edi ion, in
he sou ces, he gemina os e iology, which I' e explo ed, he k ahe and he udolphas, no he
aiški. 6) udolpho mėginimas based on Uls e , Als e i k . o he upė a džių g oup kilmę aip pa
nologijos aspek u.
8) nepaisan neigiamo udolpho su . p age m. *-s a- naujo kilmės aiškinimo e inimo,
g indžiamas jau minė a klaidinga ide. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha a g oup o people ha e been sen enced o dea h. P okalbės ga sų aidos p age manų p okalbėje and a ski ose ge manų kalbose aiškinimo me odika. This is he i s ime I' e seen his me hod. 7) Minė ina, kad udolpho da omos iš ados con adic o y aka ų ge manų o acizmo ch o adiciškai k ahes, Meido, udolpho jis ak uojamas kaip pi minis a iksas. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he wo ld ha such a hing has happened. he ollowing able is inse ed: