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Функционирование языков и билингвизм (На материале рамашканских говоров)

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Функционирование языков и билингвизм (На материале рамашканских говоров)

Author: Valerijus Čekmonas
Year: 1988
Source: https://journals.lki.lt/actalinguisticalithuanica/article/download/1609/1705
LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI
XXVII
(1988)
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Ma epuasos),
E.
JIexapKuHa,
E.
Kanppenaii e
u
Kawi.
QHJIOI.
HAayKe
Ji.
[pymazexe,
HayWHBI
COTPYHHHK
Viac u y a
3bIka
w
HTepaTypb
AH
Jim oscxo
CCP.
Uicxpexi e
6na o-
japuM
epBo o
ceKpeTapa
Bopouoscko o
paiioHHOTO
xomu e a
nap uu
H.
H.
Vocxeswua
#
cexk-
pe apa
paiikoma
H.
A.
Monsu na
3a
MOMOUIb
B
Op aHHsalaa
oTHX
oKcHequIAH.
Jiu oscKsii
opop
pamallikaHcKo o
apeasla
TOxKMBaET
CBOM
MOcseqHHE
TONE.
B
1983—1985
.
ymepmm
A.
Myknena,
B.
Y esa ,
C.
ynosuy;
coc apwica
#
TpakTH4ecKH
MepecTas
TOBOPATS
no-ma oscka
MM,
Cmana;
3.
Bo mmuc-Bamuukad
Bce
pexe
FOBOPHT
M0-IHTOBCKH,
TIOCKONIBKY
OH2
MOUTH
MOCTOAHHO
NPOXABACT
B
A.
Jlamaxi;
camoMy
MomOOMy
HOCHTEIIO
paMalliKaHcKo o
T o-
sopa
B.
Bo mmncy
B
1986
.
HcnomHANOCE
55
jeT,
H0-HTOBCKH
OH
TOBOpHT
HeOXOTHO
H
c
TpyOM.
Tomsxo
8
cemse
3.
#
A.
Boi ummucos
(PamamKaHupi)
emie
H3penKa
3ByTHT
TMTOBCKAaA
Pedb.
B
Gonpumuc se
MepeseHb
apeasa
(ga
ucxmouennem
Tepe anyes
#
HapasHKH)
MONOTexE
MpakTH4eckH
HET,
MOSTOMY
axTyanbHow
aBIAeTCA
3a aya
H3y eHHA
Mec Ho o
GeslopyccKo o
To~
pOpa,
BOSHMKIUETO
Ha
JIMTOBCKOM
cyOc pa e,
H
OcTaTKOB
MONBCKOH
pewH.
Ve
CEKMONAS
KALBU
FUNKCIONAVIMAS
IR
BILINGVIZMAS
(RamaSkoniy
a miu
pama u)!
Reziumé
S aipsnyje
ap aSy a
socioling is iné
si uacija
Siau és
y iniame
Bal a usijos
TSR
Vo ono o
(Va ena o)
ajono
plo e
i ,
emian is
gy en ojy
pasakojimais,
ekons uojama
Sios
_si uacijos
is o-
ija
pe
pasku inius
100—150
me y.
Pa ody a,
kad
lenky
kalbos
pli imas
bu o
s a biausia
ie inés
lie u iy
a més
nykimo
p iezas is.
53
RS
Se
Om
ieee
Ei
oa
a e