Rytis Ambrazevičius, Asta Leskauskaitė. „Priebalsių akustinės ypatybės: palatalizacija ir balsingumas“

296 Act of Linguistic Lithuanian LXXVI VYTAUTAS KARDELIS The University of Vilnius Research areas include dialectology, synchronous and diachronous phonology, language history, cognitive semantics. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. LESKAUSKAIT is the name of the game. The advantages of acoustics YATYB: PALATALIZATION and the following BALSINGUM and its salts The Commission therefore concludes that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) TFEU. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. In 2014, the publishing house Technologia published a book by the Kaunas University of Technology and the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre, Prof. dr. The monograph on acoustic properties of the Prebalsi: palatalization and balancing by Dr. Astos Leskauskaitė, a senior researcher at the Institute of Lithuanian Language and the Institute of Lithuanian Language. The tandem of music and language acoustics, ethnomusicology and experienced dialectologists, phonetics and phonology specialists has already published general scientific works in the field of acoustic phonetics before this monograph. The monograph mentioned and reviewed here is a solid result of cooperation between the two scientists. The preparation of the monograph was supported by the State Commission of Lithuanian Language from the funds of the State Program for Standardization, Consumption, Education and Dissemination of the Lithuanian Language 2016-2015. The monograph was reviewed by an experienced phonetics specialist, Prof. dr. This is Asta Kazlauskienė, doctor. Lina Murinienė, Dr. Jurgita Jaroslavienė. She is also a member of the board of directors of the European Institute for Gender Equality. The monograph consists of the "Institute", two large sections "Priebalsi palatalization" and "Priebalsi balsingumas", "Išvados", as well as a list of literature, a list of surnames, a list of subjects, a dictionary and a summary in English. The enterprise gives a brief overview of research on acoustic properties of bells in the world and in Lithuania; the object and purpose of the study, the subject matter of the study and the working methodology discussed; indicates which author prepared the specific chapters of the monograph. Rytis Ambrazevičius, Asta Leskauskaitė. Priebalsių akustinės ypatybės: palatalizacija ir balsingumas Reviews and reviews 297 The structure of the following monograph is clear, logically structured, and convenient for the reader. As far as possible, reconcile the first and second sections. They both start with the letter General knowledge and end with Apibendrin. In the first chapter, The palatalization of the prebalsi, the palatalization of sonatas, puchymic prebalsi, explosive prebalsi, afrika and examples of prebalsi is discussed. In the second chapter, the "Balsamity of Prey" analyzes the Balsamity of puchymic prey, explosive prey, African prey and sample prey. Thus, the first section consists of seven, and the second […] six more or less correlated skyrels. It is also necessary to say that both sections and the sections that make them up are divided into two parts: one of them is dedicated to the standard (the authors use the term "common") Lithuanian dialects, and the other is dedicated to the palatalization and pronunciation of the dialects of the Lithuanian dialects (southern and eastern highland villages and villages). At the beginning of each chapter, the common features are discussed (e.g., common features of palatalization, common features of palatalization of puchiai, common features of palatality of pronouns, common features of pronouns of pronouns, etc.), one chapter is devoted to the analysis of the acoustic features of standard Lithuanian, and the other to the analysis of the corresponding pronouns of Lithuanian. This structure is consistently maintained throughout the monograph and is, of course, evaluated positively. It makes the work easier, especially for the reader who is interested, for example, only in the standard language or only in translations. In addition, this structure makes it easy to find and compare the same or different characteristics of different saws. The subject line also contributes greatly to the convenience. In the following review, I will briefly list other aspects of the monograph that I believe to be positive. a) The monograph makes a very good impression by the clever and concentrated presentation of theoretical approaches and insights, the support for classical and the latest theoretical works in acoustic phonetics. The theory reliably and firmly relates to the methodology […] reinforces the methodological aspects and beautifully relates to the empirical material being studied. b) Another positive feature is the relationship with typology, support for the research of other languages (Russian, French, English, etc.), the methodology and the results of these research. It is true that too detailed comparisons are avoided, but the Lithuanian language immediately finds itself in a broader typological context […] this is a kind of path for future research. c) It is important that both the classical and the latest works of Lithuanian phonetics, which are based on them, are discussed with the authors of those works. There are also Latvian colleagues in the region, some of whom work together with Lithuanian colleagues. d) It is gratifying that the questions of terminology are not left out (in the Lithuanian linguistic space, questions of linguistic terminology are always relevant, especially because of their great VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 298 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVI, which gives rise to some confusion). Terms, some of which are new or not yet established in Lithuanian phonetic literature, are tried to be explicitly explained, and the most appropriate variants are suggested in the opinion of the authors. (e) Another point mentioned by the monograph and its authors should be emphasised: 'This monograph can also be used as a starting point for further, more in-depth work and, to some extent, as a teaching and methodological tool' (p. 14). Although the monograph contains only text understandable to specialists in phonetics, some of the texts, especially at the beginning of the introductory chapters, can certainly be used for educational purposes. In addition, these texts are beautifully and usefully linked to one of the authors of the monograph […] R. Ambrazevičius […] the methodological publication Kalbos akustika glaustai published in 2011. And perhaps the most important and the most entertaining is the […]Zodynėlis[…] inserted at the end of the monograph in question, which is an excellent tool for students who are taught a course in phonetics. f) It is important that the monograph contains a lot of illustrative material that objectively supports the authors' research, reasoning and insights. (g) The study of vocal samples in terms of palatality and vocal capacity, in particular the study of vocal matter, should be considered in a very positive light. The authors here have given important insights, raised issues that not only phoneticians, but also dialectologists, phonologists should take up in the future. h) In principle, it is also necessary to evaluate positively the study of the standard Lithuanian language and terminology material and the comparison of the results […] this method has its own advantages, and also raises certain discussion questions […] which is also an advantage of the monograph. diversity, and sometimes also because of inconsistency) and it is also necessary to emphasize another positive aspect, which is declared in the introduction (the main attention of the study is paid to the characteristics, i.e. not to trends, but to clear conclusions) and responds to the conclusions (it is nevertheless necessary to apply a different method of study when describing the characteristics of different classes). The search for differences by looking at it through the prism of complexity is a commendable methodological approach. There are some discussion notes and thoughts that arose while studying the monograph under discussion. a) The authors of the monograph failed to make any critical remarks about the methodology of work, so they mastered the methodology perfectly. However, the selection of the material could raise a question of debate. Aldo Pupkio and Antano Pakerio's book Lithuanian Language Common Test was used for the standard language test. Compact disc recordings of the "compact disc" of the text of the compact disc (2004) The subject matter was investigated based on the audio recordings of the spontaneous speech of the seven presenters. The authors of the monograph state: "First of all, it should be said that the basis of this study is not ideal conditions (isolation or artificial Rytis Ambrazevičius, Asta Leskauskaitė. Priebalsių akustinės ypatybės: palatalizacija ir balsingumas Reviews 299 in conjunction), as is customary in acoustic phonetics, and in spontaneous speech (monologues, dialogues) the sounds are replaced by "pribalsia" (p. 11). I totally agree that the spontaneity criterion applies to spoken language, but I would doubt the application of this criterion to standard language. The standard language is not completely spontaneous in this case. The compact disc was recorded by the dictionary and the purpose of the recording is clear […] common Lithuanian dictionary, so it can be assumed that the dictionary was subject to the relevant requirements, the dictionary had to be an example. So it is hardly possible to talk about such spontaneity as is found in the translation records in the case of the standard language. And the authors themselves say that […]Of course, the phenomena in question may also be influenced by the different pronunciations of the spontaneous language of the interpreter and the demonstration of the actor[…] (p. 62). Because the standard itself requires as little variation and optional as possible, and spontaneous spoken language just goes in that direction. Nevertheless, such a comparison is interesting and valuable in principle. In fact, this remark is more about the terms than about the study itself. The reader has already been clearly told what material is being studied and compared. It is not a coincidence that the oldest generation of speakers (average age […] 70 years) […] they best retain the characteristics of the traditional language[…] (p. 12). Theoretically yes, practically not necessarily; In addition, it would have been more interesting and perhaps more valuable if the NORM criteria had not been strictly observed. Perhaps the results of the study would have been more interesting and more reflective of the real situation in this case. b) Another also more terminology-related note is about the terms palatal, palatalized, palatalization and soft, hard use. They're used in the monograph for primitive, although I think it would have been better to have chosen only palatalinis, palatalized, palatalization. Although the monograph is clearly a work of phonetic direction, one other phonological term occurs, for example opposition, differential features, relevant position (p. When there is a slight shift to perceptual phonetics, the term perception arises (p. 33, 36, 53, 54, 86). The term "recognition" sometimes forces us to wonder whether we are talking about a perceptual aspect or a "phonetic" recognition of sound, i.e. according to the spectrum (see page 54). Perhaps such excursions are not a big bad thing in essence, but they somewhat harmonize the phonetic idea and structure of the monograph. In addition, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish whether the term is used in a phonetic or phonological context, e.g. de-palatalization (p. In some places, synchronously incorrect wording occurs, for example, […]Remember that in the southern and eastern highland slopes, the compound is slowly said to be hard[…] (p. 68) If […] is said to be slow, it is not a […]hard[…] compound. VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 300 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVI, containing the following sections: d) And the last point of discussion is more related to the material of the dialectological monograph and its study. The authors are spontaneously aware of the problem (e.g. "The opposition between hardness and softness in the southern and eastern elevated areas of the villages is changing, so some of the prepositions of historical and assimilative softness can be said to be inconsistent", p. 42), but there is no clear formulation of it to the end. And the problem, or more precisely, an important aspect of the study is the linguistic phenomenon of variation and the facultative nature of some linguistic phenomena in spontaneous speech. Those who have encountered the empirical material of the Lithuanian language dialects, I think, clearly see that one of the most characteristic features of the Lithuanian language dialects is not only the classical diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic variation, but also the large number of facultative, competing variants, characteristic of all levels of the language structure. It is also very important that optional, competing variants are characteristic of the same informant language. Such competition is particularly pronounced in eastern highlands of Vilnius, although, as just mentioned, it is essentially characteristic of the entire Lithuanian-speaking area. Although the authors clearly understand the importance of the linguistic features of individual speakers, e.g. […]Thus, the linguistic features of individual speakers can determine the meanings of the F2 loci of the prefixes, so they should be counted, shared and interpreted with caution[…] However, the emphasis on variation in general and on the optional, competing variants in this case in the monograph, seems to have been lacking. However, these remarks are more for the future, and the authors of the monograph could consider them separately in their future works. To conclude this brief overview, I would like to wish my colleagues the best of luck in continuing their work and in delighting the linguistic community with new research results. The monograph and the results of the research carried out in it force not only phonetic specialists, but also phonologists to turn their heads […] as the latest results of acoustic phonetics research to be incorporated into the theory and practice of phonology. Delivered on 3 June 2017 VYTAUTAS KARDELIS Vilnius University Faculty of Philology University g. 5, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania is located at [email protected]