YeHUA
PyCCKOTO
H3bIKA
IHTOBUAM
TPYAHO
MpOHsHeCTH
SByKH
b1,
9,
@,
TAK
Kak
TepBbIx
yiByX
BO
MHOFHX
[MaJIeKTAX
H
B
JHTOBCKOM
simTepa TypHOM
A3bIKe
HET,
a
LudTOHT
ie
He
HMeeT
KpaTKO O
COOTBETCTBHA.
Tnacue i
0
Yac o
mpou3HocHTcs
Kak
i
(ue
pa3-
yualo es
ake
MHHUMasBHbIe
Hapb
Goi
—
Oumb,
MblA
—
MUA
YL
T.
11.).
BMec o
9
MOXHO
YCUbIMWATh
JHTOBCKOC
i
B
poc ounomu osckux
(poc ounoayKusTaii cKmx)
AMaueKTaX
¢€
MpousHocuTca
nocne
co macno o
|
(BMecTO
¢),
ONHaKO
9TO
3ByK
C
Gonee
BLICOKHM
MObEMOM
HK
6onee
mpomsHHyT
Biepew.
B
cesepo a enexcKOM
jiManeKTe
U3
BO3MOXHBIX
TpexX
pasHoBHHocTell
3ByKa
&
(cp.:
sdules
(saulés)
comma’,
a .’ke,l's’
(a klys)
lomazE“,
ma e,
(ma ai)
,,Buaqun b“)
Ha
pycckui
9
HanGoslee
MOxox
caMbili
OTKPBITEIM
BapHaHT
(eq).
B
Gesy apHbIx
cuo ax
Ha3BaHHO O
W.JMMpBHHTCKOTO
AMaJIeKTOB
MHOT1a
MOxB-
m eTcs
3BYK,
HOXOKHM
Ha
B ,
cp.:
leki.ms
|
leik .ms
(lékimas)
,,Ge e so“.
B
pycckom
S3bIKe
3BYK
9
ABMACTCH
BAPHAHTOM
¢,
SBYK
b
—
BAPHAHTOM
u.
B
Ge3y apHbix
cno ax
AMTOBCKO O
JHTepaTyPHO O
s3bIka
pazMyaloTcaA
BCe
10
nacub x
dbonem.
Cpea
IaTH
CHIbHBIX
P1aCHbIX
(oem
pyccko o
#3bIka
B
6e3y-
TlapHoM
NosOKeHHH
paxIHya oTca
JMIb
TPH:
ul,
[y]
#
a].
BY
mpeaynapuom
cio-
e
M
B
aGcomMOTHOM
HaYase
copa
cboHema
a]
peanuszye ca
cna6oi
oxemoi
la]
(»
mpyx
BapHan ax:
[4]
—
Hocne
TRepAbIX
COmACHBIX,
{u‘]
—
mocne
Ma xux).
Bo
TI,
TIT
mpenynapue x
u
BO
BCeX
SayapHBIX
cTOTaX
cymec ayeT
cnaGaa
douema
Ja],
Hocne
TBEpMbIX
CO MacHBIX
peassyemad
papHaHToM
[8],
Mocue
MATKHX
—
Ba-
puan om
[6].
Donemn
Ja},
o],
[e]
8
SesyxapHoM
nouoxeHHE
Hompep alo cd
CHJIb-
Hol
penyKuum
u
He
nHdybepeHIMpy!OT
TAKHX
MHUHHMAJIbHBIX
Tap,
KAK
ANCO
—
aeca,
uucmoma
—
Yacmoma,
noceemums
—
nocexmums
T.
T .
(Iinaxynosa
T.,
1974,
¢.
7).
B
AHTOBCKOM
JIMTepAaTYPHOM
ASbIKE
CHOBA
lipimas
,,na3aHbe,
Ipasmianne~
—
liepimas
,,1onenenue™
—
lépimas
,,oTsucanue™
—
lepimas
cyul.
OT
Ta.
»36an0BaTE~
HT.
I ,
He
ABSIMOTCH
OMOHHMaMH.
TakKaM
o6pa30M,
YcTOIMBOCTS
BOKasIM3Ma
TEO-
PpeTHYeCcKH
BeYeT
3a
co6oi
Gémbu y10
HHPOpMATHBHOCTh
IlaCHBIX
(boHeM
JHTOBCKO-
To
JIHTepaTYPHOTO
A3bIKa
TO
CPaBHeHHIO
C
PyCCKHMH
iacubimu
(Muxasbienxo
B.10.,
1976,
c.
131).
B
HeKOTOPBIX
BOCTOYHOMMTOBCKHX,
AMaJIeKTAX
(aneBexXCKOM,
LIMPBHHTCKOM
1
Ha
o e
aHMKUiicKo o)
B
Gesy2apHOi
MOSHIMH
OMMOSHIAT
mo
Hom oTe
—
KpaTKocTH
HeiiTpasMsyeTcs:
CyMeCTBY!OT
JIHMIIb
KpaTxue
iacubie.
Kpome
To o,
B
MaHe-
BeKCKOM
MuaseK e
GesynapHb i
ie
penyuMpyeTca
B
ie/i;
8
Sone
YacTH
yTeHCKO-
o
qMasex a
( oBpops
.KAMHHHKOB)
GesyqapHBIi
0°
peayuupyeTcs
B
nonyaom ai
a.
Hocu enamu
9THX
AHANCKTOB
ABIAIOTCA
OKONO
1/5
Bcex
oBopsilyHx
Ha
JIH-
TOBCKOM
s3bIke.
Ha
MaTepHase
Ha3BaHHEIX
WHAJICKTOB
HECKOMbKO
ne se
yaHTBCH
TIPOH3HOMIeHHIO
PYCCKHX
TaCHBIX
B
TY
mpenynapHom
co e.
Bompu y o
TpyAHOCTh
UIA
JHTOBLEB
npeac aBsiseT
TIpOHSHOMeHHe
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TACHBIX
BO
Il,
TI
mpea-
yHapHbix
HB
3ayqapHBIx
cmo ax,
TAK
Kak
B
SATOBCKHX
JMaseKTaX
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TIMINb
O Ha
CTeHeHb
pesyKIMH.
5
B
pycckoii
pewH
JHTOBUEB
Gesyapasii
/e/
HepexKO
MpOM3HOCHTCH
Kak
amMToscKHi
Je/.
Q o
o6ycnosmMBaeTca
MOpONO HYeCKUMH
AHANO HAMH
POAHOTO
A3bIKa:
pycckum
cydduxcam
6e3-,
He-,
nepe-
cooTseTcTByIoT
suToscKHe
bé-, né-,
pé ;
Tac-
uae
/e/
(pyc.
H
MT.)
CyHeCTBYIOT
B
HeKOTOPbIX
0618
1alOUlHX
CXOACTBOM
Mop pemax
11.
949
161
geamu
—
e i,
Hecmu
—
nés i
WT.
11,);
OKOHYAHHIO
A3bIKOB
(cp.:
deaezam
—
delega as,
- e.
HacTOsMle O
BPeMeHH
H
TIOBCHTeMbHOTO
HAaKJOHCHHA
-/me
cooTBeTcTByeT
2.
Co macus e.
B
coppeMeHHOM
JIHTOBCKOM
S13bIKe
MOXHO
passH4aTb
37
co-
macubix
douem:
|p,
p’
bb’
dkk’
gg’
se z sPEPeC
SOI’
mman
y
’
j
dz
dz’
dz
dz’|.
Kpome
To o,
B
JMTOBCKOM
JIMTepaTyPHOM
SABbIKe
HMeeTCA
8
n epubepui ns x
bouem
(<1?
d’
”
ch
ch’
h
h’
>),
yno pe6us1eMbIX
B
CHOBAX
HHOA3bIY-
HOTOPHPOHCKOKACHHT
H
B
HEKOTOPBIX
SBYKOMOPAKAHHAX
(Gi denis
A.,
1981,
p.
115—126,
141—142)*.
B
pyccKoM
sA3bIKe
CO IaCHBIX
dbonem
Taxxe
37:
/n n’
6
oe
mmodeKK e cesx
uny
GP
xx
sap
pM
WH
nw
6
6
jw”
«|.
Moxuo
Hacun a s
29
co macHsIx
poHeM,
B
OCHOBHOM
CXO/IHBIX
JU1
OGOHX
s3bI-
xos
/p
p’
bb’
dkk
gg
ssz7siclll mmnn
y
j
/.
Cymec sye
MHeHHe,
YTO
aPTHKYAIMA
NepeMHeAIbITHEIX
COTMACHBIX
B
JTHTOBCKOM
H
PYCCKOM
S3bIKAX
XAPAKTEpH3YeTCA
PAa3HBIM
MOOXKCHHEM
HIM
AKTHBHOCTbIO
KOHMMKA
A3bI-
ka
(Bali xesuno e
B.,
1973,
c.
31;
TakyHosa
T.,
1978,
c.
45—47),
xo a
BooGu e
co-
THACHEI€
COMOCTABIAEMBIX
s3EIKOB
MMeIOT
3HAYHTeIbHO
MeHBIe
pawiMuni ,
4eM
nacus e.
B
HTOBCKOM
s3bIKe
HeT
JomTHX
co macHBix
id’
oe’
|
WH
MOHOUCHHEIX
bone
|
m’
0’
6
i
x
x’
|,
koTOpBIe
BCTpeya oTCs
B
PyCCKOM.
B
pyccKoM
s3bIKe
HeT
¢pouen
|
5°
2
c’
&
dz
dz’
dz
d?’
|.
PyccKuM
Co macHbIM,
XapakTCPH3YeMBIM
AOPCaib-
HO
apTHKyNa Meli,
B
MHTOBCKOM
A3bIKe
COOTBETCTBYIOT
ANMKAJIbHBIC
COTIACHBIC.
Ta6nuua
2.
Conoc aszenne
co macabix
@onem
JHTOBCKO O
HM
pYCCKO O
A3bIKOB
(OTHOCHTeIBHO
NPU3HAKOB
MATKOCTH
H
3BONKOCTH)
Ase
|
Tipasnax
@oxems
Uncno
Ju .
|
Tsepnoc s
|
[pb dkgszs8zc < chh>1
mn
dz
dz/
19
(22)
Pyc.
m6THK c3mxK
Ox
IpMHi
B/
18
Pyc.
|
Ma xoc b
|
/n’6”
T’a’xK’ ’c’S’
w
’x’)on’p’M’n’B’j
mi"
x’)
19
Jiu .
Pei
dk
gesy78PCC
ch’
h
>’
m'n' j
dz'dz/
Sia .
|
Pnyxoc s
Ip
p’
i >k
se
Pee
C
F
ch
a>
13
(18)
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jaa’...
2x
Cc
n.
e.
GOO
Aa
ome
16
Pyc.
|
3ponkoc s
|
/6
6’
a
mw’
’3
3’
x
x
am’
p
p’MM’
Ha’
BB’
21
bb’
d{d>ggzz zz
<h
h’>
dz
dz"
o e
J
pean
ig
eS
Sy
1’?
mm'nn’ 'j
dz
d2’/
Han6ompmiee
4HcNO
co macHbIx
(bOHEM
JIMTOBCKOTO
H
PYCCKOTO
A3bIKOB
Mudpe-
peHumpye ca
10
WpH3HakaM
TBepMOCTH—MALKOCTH
H
TIyXOCTH—3BOHKOCTH
(cM.
a6a.
2).
B
nosHuHM
Hel Tpanu3allMH
BbICTyMaloT
TBEpbI¢
H
MyxHe
co macHBe
®
[lo
cux
nop
B
AATOBCKOM
JIHTepaTyPHOM
A3bIKe
OOBIHHO
BEUeAIOCh
45
co macHEIx
boHem
(exmoyas
nepadepuiinsie
co sacusie).
162
MO9JTOMY
HX
MOXHO
C4YHTATh
HCMapKHPOBaHHBIMH
WieHaMe
ONMOSHIMH,
a
MATKHe
HM
3BOHKHe
co nacHbIe
—
MapKuposanubimn
(cp.
Gi denis
A.,
1981,
p.
100-101).
Tlo
mpw3HakaM
MATKOCTH
H
3BOHKOCTH
AaCCHMHJIMpyIOTCA
FpyMi b
dbonem,
pac iono-
XKCHHBIe
KaK
B
OJHOM,
Tak
HB
AByx
cno ax
(cp.:
Si ’-s’ i
|
,cepmu bca,
ecmec’-m’-
6’
eHHb ii),
MOITOMY
IIpH3HAKH
MATKOCTH
H
3BOHKOCTH
B
JIMTOBCKOM
A3bIKe
(Gi de-
nis
A.,
1981,
p.
168—
170),
a
o sac u
uB
pycckom
(C emanos
IO.
C.,
1975,
c.
98—
101)
MOxHO
6510
Obl
OTHECTH
K
CyIepce MeHTHOMY
YPOBHIO.
B
conoc aBsIdeMbIX
A3bIKAaX
TBepible
H
MATKHe,
TuIYXHe
H
3BOHKHE
CO lacHBIe
uu¢bepenuupy o
cuiona,
cp.:
g azis
,KpacuBbii *
—
BMH.
1.
MB.
4.
g aziiis,
momnb i
—
mémnoii;
pi i
, ay s,
TneTh“
—
bi i
,,6n e“,
naa
—
6a4.
Tlo
cpapHenmo
c
mHTOB-
CKHM
JIMTepaTyPHBIM
A3bIKOM
B
PYCCKOM
MATKOCTh
COPAcHBIX
sBsIAeTCA
Hose’
He3a-
BHCcHMOoi:
1)
B
HEM
TBepAble
M
MATKHE
COMACHBbIe
MPOTHBOMOCTABIAIOTCA
HE
TONb-
KO
Tepe
nacHbIMH,
HO
H
B
KOHUe
cs0Ba;
2)
MaHHad
OMMO3MNMA
CylecTByeT
He
TONbKO
Nepey
MiacHbIMH
3aTHe O
psa,
HO
H
Mepey
TepewHHM
TaCHbIM
/uj;
3)
pyn-
Tibl
COPMaCHBIX
B
PYCCKOM
s3bIKe
110
NIPH3HAKY
TBEPAOCTH—MATKOCTH
a@CCHMHUIH-
pyloTcH
He
CTOMb
MocneqopaTesbHO.
B
JHTOBCKOM
#3bIKe
FpyNMbl
CO acHBIX
Mepey
TiaCHbIMH
MepeqHe o
pala
CMA -
¥WaIOTCH
TOHOCTEIO
(Ilo
STOMY
NpaBHJIy
MHOTHe
JHTOBIUBI
MpOH3HOCAT
H
COYeTAaHHs
pycckux
co sacHbix).
B
pyccKOM
S3bIKe
CMATYaIoTCA
JHUTb
CO lacHble,
He ocpes-
c peHHo
c oaumme
nepen
/e
/,
/
u
/.
Tlo
MHeHH o
HeKOTOpBIX
Hecue oBaTeNel,
Mon-
HAS
MATKOCT
CO macHo o,
MpeMecTBy!OWle O
MATKOMY
CO sIacHOMy,
AocTH aeTca
pexe,
Gombuieli
YacTbIO
HMeeT
MeCTO_,,I10YMAPKOCTb™,
Cp.:
oén'a’una
(Tlupo o-
pa H.
K.,
1970,
c,
33).
Ecnw
mp
H3MeHeHHH
c0Ba
BTOpol
co macHBIli
MoxeT
OKa-
3ATbCH
TBEPHIM,
AaCCHMHJIATHBHOe
CMATYeHHe
3TOTO
Co acHo o
(pakyJIbTaTHBHO:
6
6 ime’e
H
6
6 im’e’e,
TAK
Kak
ec b
O unea
(HO
c’e’em
HT.
0.).
Co nacnb ii
x
mepex
MATKUMH
3YOHKIMH
Yale
G6bIBaeT
MATKHM,
a
P,
HaNpOTHB,
TBepAbIM:
6ex’s in,
*
Hiw’dua,
ceman’muxa,
10
ndpm’ua,
bpd’
ex
(au .
pa ’ ’ija,
o ’d’inas).
Ma xoc s
co-
iacno o,
cTosile o
mocne
4,
Ha
4
He
pac ipoc pause cs:
e inoanus,
Méanua.
Ta-
KHM
06pa30M,
B
PYCCKOM
s3bIKe
BOSMOXHBI
COYCTAHHA
HE
TOUbKO
TBEPAIX
WITH
MATKHX
CO acHBIX,
HO
H
TBepO o
H
MATKO O,
MaTKo o
H
TBepzo o
(B
MocuenHeM
cnydae,
a
Takxe
B
KOHIe
CiOBa
MOC
MAKOTO
CO acHO o
CTAaBHTCA
MATKHI
3HaK
b,
cp.:
Kyaemypa,
Spame).
B
pycckom
s3bike
mmmn ammme
|
oc
/,
|
uw
|,
|
y
|
Bce ma
aepapie,
a/ ’
/
Hu
/
a’)
—
Ma kue.
B
JHTOBCKOM
S3bIKe
9TH
CO lacHbIe
Mo yT
ObITS
H
TBCPAbIMH,
H
MATKHMH.
Coo seTc syloulme
TBepble
WIH
MATKHE
Mapsl
AHTOBIBI
YacTO
Obpa3yloT
H B
PyccKOM
A3bIKe.
B
pycckoM
mpon3Homenun
Ma ke
/m’
/,
/0*/
sysa
c
HexoTopoi
abppuKa-
ueii,
Ye o
B
HTOBCKOM
JIHTepaTyPHOM
S3bIKe
H
BO
MHOTHX
JIMTOBCKHX
AHANeKTAX
eT.
Takoe
MpoH3HOMeHHe
BCTPedaeTCA
MHI
B
T3YKCKOM
( oxXHOaYKUITAHTCKOM
BHJIBHIOCCKOM)
Hape4HH,
KOTOpoe
TpanMyHT
C
GeTOpyccKHM
H
TIONbCKHM
S3bIKOBBI-
Mu
apeanamu.
JI osckne
s3ykH
< ?>,
<d’>
npousnoca
Kax
/c’
/,
/
dz’
|:
cik
( ik)
,, ompxo“,
dzigng
(di na)
,,nenb“
(Bux.
1).
O meuae es,
s o
B
pyccKoM
a3biKe
He
TombKo
/
m’
/,
|
0°
/
(cp.
Moxaiimac
B.,
1979,
c.
30),
HO
H
Bce
Apy He
co macusIe
(ocoGeHHO
yGuBIe
H
HepesHesA3EITHBIe
m*
163

cmp iuzie
|
n’
6’
6’
|
¥
Ap.)
Hepes
nepeHHMH
TACHBIMH
CMATYAIOTCA
3HAIHTCIEHO
Gombe,
YeM
COOTBETCTBYIOMIHE
JIMTOBCKHE
co nacubie
(Muxas bieHko
B.10.,1976,
c.
133;
TInaxyxosa
T.,
1978,
c.
47).
Bocemb
ap
iyXHX
HM
3BOHKHX
COTJIaCHbIX
bouem
(/
p—6,
p’—0’,
—d,
k-g,
k’=g’,
s—z,
s°—z’,
S°—2'
|)
uMeeTca
Kak
B
JIKTOBCKOM,
TaK
H
B
PYCCKOM
S3bIKe.
Kpome
To o,
B
JHTOBCKOM
A3bIKe
€CTb
naps
|
S’—2’,
c—dz,
c’—dz’,
é—di,
&-
d?
|,
a
B
pycckom
—
/m’
—
a,
w
—
x’,
—s,
—e'|/.
B
OG6OuX
A3bIKAaX
CO-
nacusie
|
22’
pp’
Ma
Hn’
j
|
(B
AHTOBCKOM
ul
’
dz
dz’
dz
d2’
[)
O ipa o
Hub
3BOHKHMH,
a
/
4
4’
x
x’
/(B
HTOBCKOM
—
lec’
&&
|)
—
ayxumu.
3nyku
[ "]u
[
y’]
B
JHTOBCKOM
S3bIKe
axe
(boHeTHYeckH
He
MO yT
COCTABIIATb
nmap
mo
iy-
XOCTH—3BOHKOCTH:
Ha
KOHIe
3aKPbITO O
JHTOBCKOTO
cno a
(umm
copa)
,
ch,
He
BCTpe¥a oTcs.
Bee
co macus e
epeyl
iacHbIMH,
a
TakxKe
FIyXHe
COTMACHBIC
Hepes
TYXHMH
K
3BOHKHe
Hepes
3B0HKHMH
B
OOOHX
ASbIKAX
OCTAIOTCH
6e3
usMenenna.
Tapupie
y-
Xie
CO macHBle
Tepe
3BOHKHMH
O3BOHYAIOTCA,
MapHbIe
SBOHKHE
Mepe
ulyxXHMH
CO lacHBIMH
MH
Ha
KOHIe
Cu1OBa
OFIyWaloTCsA,
CPp.:
béga
,,Gexu
—
3
1.
Gyn.
Bp.
bé[k]s,
cxasdme
—
cxd[c]xa;
ki p i
,,pe3aTb,
c puyp*
—
een.
ki [bJdamas,
npo-
climbs
—
npo[3’]6a;
MoBeMT.
HakII.
bék,
paccxd{c].
Takum
xe
O6pa3oM
accHMHis-
‘THBHOE
OTMYIMeHHe
HII
O3BOHYCHHE
OXBATHIBACT
H
COTHACHBIC
HA
CTBIKE
ABYX
CHOB.
Cpenu
co nacusix,
He
oOpa3yioulux
Map
10
TYXOCTH—3BOHKOCTH,
@CCHMHJIHPO-
BaTb
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CO acHble
(c,
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pyCCKOM
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smToscKoi
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¢
mpespam ae ea
BS,
z
mepex
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—
8
#:
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anks i
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—
ank[S|éiai
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pa yz-
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, pumep*
—
pox.
11.
Mx.
4.
pa y[Z]dziij.
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pycckoi
pew
oOb mHO
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BTOpoi
co macHbili
B
Co¥eTAHHAX
30H,
cma,
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u
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0.
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Take
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He
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B
co e annax
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w
301
(coc),
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H
cu
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co-
acueii :
3¢ém
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u
imanku
,,43
Wan kn".
B
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Hempou3Hocumble
coueTanns
gk,
d ,
d,
s§, 58,
s¥,
2s,
52,
28,
sz:
B
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YITOMA-
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HO
B
TPalMIMOHHOM
MIpOu3HOMIeHHM
O ycKaeTCs
6e3
yiuIMHeHHA
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co macHo o,
cp.:
isienis
(dzsienis)
,3za pannua“,
pizZalis
(puszalis)
» osycbipoi *
#
T.
a.
[[poi up e
co macusie
B
IHTOBCKOM
A3bIKe
He
yOTpeOMmMoTCA
NaxKe
B
IAHMCT-
BOBaHHEIX
cyoBax,
cp.:
okupdcija
,,oxkynauna",
milijdnas
,MusnnHoH™,
g ama i-
ka
,, pamma uka“,
ond
,, ouua“,
apa d as
,,a mapa “,
Risija
»Poccua“.
Tos omy
B
COOTBETCTBYIOWIMX
PYCCKHX
CJIOBAX
JHTOBUAMH
YaCTO
MPOHSHOCHTCA
OHH
CO-
ulacHbii .
S
Kak
8
pycckoii,
Tak
HM
B
JHTOBCKOM
peu
B
HaYas¢e
COBa
M
MOCIe
TACHbIX
Te-
pe
ue,
ie
o6s 4HO
mpousHocu cs
j,
cp.:
(jécmb,
(/iedkd i
,ucxaTh“,
no(j)ea,
pa(j)-
iesko i
,, o ckaTb“.
B
pyccKoM
s3bIke
j
IIPOH3HOCHTCA
H
MOCNe
paseCJIMTCIbHbIX
&
HM
bi
CBeA,
BOCKpeceHbe.
164
3.
Coue anua
macue x
w
co nacuEx.
Co .
Cao a
smToBcKo o
H
pyc-
CKOFO
S3bIKOB
COCTOAT
43
LCHTPaJIbHBIX
SJIEMCHTOB
—
THACHbIX
H
nepudbepHi nE
anemenTos
—
co macHbix.
C o u
AeuaTcd
Ha
OTKpbITbIC
(akaHuMBalonmmeca
Ha
oacubii )
H
3aKpbITbIe
(SakaHYHBalOUIMeca
Ha
co nacusiii),
Ha
yiapHbie
1
Gesynap-
nue.
B
NHTOBCKOM
AHTepaTypHOM
s3bIKe
KaK
yMapHbie,
TAK
GesynapHbie
cno n
MO yT
G6pITb
AOUTHMH
(COCTOALIMMH
H3
WONTHX
TuacHbx
HIM
WHpTOHTOB)
H
KpaTKH-
Mu
(COCTOALIMMH
13
KpaTKHX
iacHBIx).
B
pyccKOM
A3bIKe
AaxKe
dboneTHueckH
cy-
WecTBYeT
JHMUb
10
OMHOMY
BHY
CIOTOB:
Gonee
on He
Tom
yHapeHiem
H
KpaTkHe
(penyumposanubie)
B
Gesy apHol
mosHuHH.
B
G6e3ymapHsix
OKOHYAHHAX
4allle
6uiBaloT
H
COYeTAHHA
T1aCHbIX
C
COHAHTaMH,
T.
©.
cpoeo6pa3Hble
ZHpTOHTH.
B
oTHOmeHHH
KOsMYECTBa
CIOFOB
JMTOBCKMe
M
PYCCKHe
CIOBA
MOAKHO
AeAHTb
Ha
omuoci oxnsie
H
MHo ocnoxHBie.
Yale
Bce o
BCTpewaloTCA
MBYCHOKHBIC,
TPeX-
cNOxKHBIe
H
OFHOCHOKHBIe
cioBa.
He mpousBoHBle
C10Ba
o6b aHo
Gp Ba oT
O HO-,
WBy-,
TPeX-,
HCTBIPEXCOAHLIMH,
a
IIpOH3SBOAHBIC
—
OT
AByCHOXHBIX
HO
jecaTH-
OMMHHAUATHCHOAHLIX:
cp.
HanOosee
AIHHHBIC
CIOBA
ca-MO0-0-Np0-Ku-ObI-6Q-10-14a-A-
ca,
ne-be-s e- i-mo- e- iau-da- o-me
,,00ubile
Mb
He
mipemo6ozelic sosam™.
B
pycckoM
s36IKe
co
O6pasyloTcs
OAHHM
TacHBIM
WI
TaCHbIM
H
co siac-
ym.
B
c o e
AHTOBCKO O
#3bIKa,
KPOMe
TOTO,
BCTPeYaloTcA
COMCTABAA
ABYX
Tw1ac-
HBIX
(K
HUM
MO yT
ObITb
MpHcoezHHCHbI
co nacusie).
HanSonee
AMHHBIC
CIO
SIMTOBCKOTO
H
PYCCKOTO
S3bIKOB
COCTOAT
H3
OAHOTO
T1AaCHOTO
H
WECTH
COTMACHEIX,
cp.:
sp i iks
,6yneT
DapuTbca™,
ecnaeck.
B
sMm osckoM
s#3bIKe
BbUeNAOTCA
TpH
BHAA
AHpTOHTOB:
»cuuTupie™
ie,
uo,
,coc asHnie”
di,
au,
ei,
ui,
eu,
oi,
ou
(Tp
TlocmeqHEX
BCTpeyaloTCs
JTMUIb
B
COBAX
HHOS3LIMHOFO
TIPOMCXOAACHHA)
H
,cMemlaHHE e”
a,
e,
i,
u+1,
m,
n,
7:
al,
am,
an,
a ;
el,
em,
en,
e ;
il,
im,
in,
i ;
ul,
um,
un,
u .
Bee
aT
AudpTou Hueckue
Co¥eTAHHA
MOX-
HO
CUHTATb
AByOHeMHBIMH,
Tak
kak:
1)
06a
HX
KOMMOHeHTa
MO yT
OpiTs
3aMenleHb
apy umu
(bonemamu
(cp.:
eis as
»PasBeseHBE i
(aa)“(B
cMBICIE
,,cOpT,
nopoza*)
—
yais as
,sekapcTBo“,
e s as
,Bpau aemb i );
2)
mepea
mlacHBIMi
aucp ou a
ze-
s s
Ha
pa
cuo a
(gé - i
,,mHTb“
—
3m.
Hac .
Bp.
g2- ia,
gili- i
,OOWKaTb,
HaTb™
—
gi -ja);
3)
c
TOYKM
3peHAA
CTPYKTYPbI
M
AKUCHTYANMH
ASBIKA,
co eTaHua
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iac-
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K
HECOMHCHHO
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TWACHOTO
H
CO-
HaHTa.
B
pycckoM
s3bIke
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CBOCOOpa3HBIe
COOTBETCTBHA
JIHMTOBCKUM
aub-
ToHTaM
ail,
oil,
yil,
aA,
aM,
aH,
ap,
UA,
UM,
UH,
Up,
YA,
YM,
YH,
YP,
CP.
dail,
cmoiime,
Oyii,
cnaa,
AaMna,
maHK,
yOapHo il,
CuabHo i,
cmouM,
odun,
Mup,
cmya,
pa3yM,
CKa-
xyx,
Kypcx.
Be pewae ca
B
PyCCKOM
s3bIKe
spykocoye anne
[*eil]
(cp.
eopobeil),
KOTOpO O
HeT
B
JIHTOBCKOM
(B
HEM
eCTb
ei).
CHo H
AHTOBCKOTO
H
PYCCKOTO
ABKIKOB
COCTOAT
H3
ABYX
TpYII
COTMACHBIX:
Ha anbHoi
M
KOHeYHO!,
WH
9KCHNO3HBHOH
H
yMTUI03HBHOH.
B
HayanbHBIX
H
KO-
He4HBIX
PpyIMax
COPMACHBIX
JHTOBCKOFO
A3bIKa
MOXKCT
6nITS
ZO
Tpex
CO macHBIx,
@
B
pyCCKOM
—
10
4eTBIpex.
Koneuns e
co e aHus
CO macHbix
JIMTOBCKOTO
s3bIKa
BO
MHOTHX
CJTY4asX
MOFYT
CHUTATECA
3CPKASIBHLIM
OTPAXCHHCM
HAYATBHBIX
co e anni .
B
KoHe4HBIX
pynax
COXpAHMOTCH
Te
Ke
OTHOMCHHA
POHEM,
XOTA
OHM
PAc loOKCHEL
B
MaMeTpasIbHO
165
HewHOMy
BTOpo o
co eTaHHA,
Hamp.:
cm-+mp’=cmp;
c+cx+xp= cxp
(ecxp)
(Jlom es
T.
I1.,
1972,
c.
212-221;
Pycckaa
pammaTuka,
1980,
c.
56,
65).
Tlo
cpaBHeHHio
¢
AHTOBCKHM
s3bIKOM
B
OOpa30BaHHH
co eTaHHi
CO IaCHbIX
B
PYCCKOM
s3bIKe
IPHHUMaeT
yuacTHe
B/BOe
GombINee
KONMYECTBO
bone.
B
Hauanb-
Hol
pyn ie
co macHbIx
pyccko o
cuoBa
Mepes{
acHbIMH
MO yT
HATH
H
[xmezo
cw
4x]
(c
nocneqHHMH
AByMa
JHTOBCKHe
coueTaHHA
Boome
He
O6pa3y oTcs);
B
Ka ecTBe
BTOPBIX
WeHOB
coyeTaHHi
yno peOsmMoTCA
ly
x
|
( oxe
we
Bc pe-
WaxOULHeCA
B
JHTOBCKHX
COY“eTAHHAX)
M
COHAHTBI
|
au
p
|,
muToBuaMH
ynoTpeb-
JIMeMbIe
NHIUb
HellocpescTBeHHO
Mepey
laCHbIMH.
B
pe3ymbTa e
mHoi
Mopdo-
SOTHYECKOi
CTPYKTYPEI
B
PYCCKOM
S3bIKe
BOSMOXCH
H
YeTBEPTHIi
WIEH
COMCTAHHA
—
co nacubii
/
6
/).
Tlos omy
B
Ha4as e
CHOBa
B
PYCCKOM
s3bIKe
yIIOTPeOAAIOTCA
OKOIIO
100
~BysieH-
HBIX
COMeTAHHI
CO macHBIX,
a
B
JIHTOBCKOM
s3bIKe
—
39
(oKos0
35
43
HHX
HAaXOqHM
HB
pyccKoM).
B
O60HX
s3bIKax
CYIMeCTBYIOT
O paHHeHHA
B
COeTACMOCTH
co sac-
HBIX
110
IIpH3HAKaM
PIYXOCTH
—
3BOHKOCTH
H
TBEPHOCTH
—
MSTKOCTH,
&
TAKE
TO
MeC-
Ty
o6pa30BaHHa
3BYKOB.
B
cepemune
cnopa
Mexay
JByMA
laCcHbIMi
(B
HHTepBOKaNbHO
nmlosHuHH)
CaMEIM
IIpOcTBIM
sBysAeTCA
OFHOOHEMEBI
co macHbili
ce MeHT,
KOTOPpBIi{
B
JIH-
TOBCKOM
H
PyCCKOM
Si3bIKAX
COCTABJIeT
CIOL
C
TIACHBIM,
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Toc
COTACHO-
TO!
a-Sa- a
,,leTo“,
no-xo-po-numb,
B
HHTePBOKAJIbHBIX
COMCTAHHAX
JBYX
1
6onee
CO NacHBIX
paHHMly
cio a
10
IpOH3HOMICHHIO
YCTAHOBUTb
HENETKO,
H
ITOT
BOMPOC
B
HeKOTOPOi
cTe leHH
pelliacTcA
B
3ABHCHMOCTH
OT
TOYKH
SpeHUA
UCCHEAOBATEIA.
B
coue aHHsx
CO acHBIx
JIHTOBCKO O
#3bIka
TpaHHMy
cilo a
MOxHO
ObLIO
6x1
npo-
BeCTH
B
TOM
MEeCTe,
Fe
HAYMHAeTCA
HAMGOMbIMAaT
YACTh
BHYTPCHHETO
COYeTAHHA,
TO
cpoei
CTpyKType
copmaylaiomle o
C
COOTBETCTBYIOUIMM
CO¥eTaHHeM
Hayasla
Ci10-
pa:
gu-d is
,ymubiii",
alk-snis
,ompxa",
éi k-S i
,smpuxa s“
(Gi denis
A.,
1981,
p.
84—87).
O HocTenbHO
cmo ojeseHHa
pycCKOTO
A3bIKa
TAKE
CyMlecTBYCT
He-
ckombKo
Touex
3penna
(P.
M.
Asanecona,
JI.
B.
Mep6u ,
JI.
B.
Boumapxo
4
ap.).
Co nacho
pe3yibTAaTaM
aPTHKYJIANHOHHO-aKYCTHYCCKOTO
CCIE
OBaHAT
JI.
B.
Bonmapxo,
moGoe
pyccKoe
BEICKA3bIBAHHe
pac iaqaeTca
Ha
TWellh
OTKPBITBIX
ci0-
TOB
He3aBHCHMO
OT
Ka¥ecTBa
COYeTAIOUIMXCH
COTIACHBIX
H
MeCTa
yapeHH
(cp.
Pycckui
a3bix,
1979,
c.
312).
4.
Tipocogemu .
Kpome
eHHHIL
Ce MeHTHO O
YPOBHa
—
dbonem
( acHBIx
H
CO macHEIX),
B
JIMTOBCKOM
H
PYCCKOM
s#3bIKAX
CYI[eCTBYIOT
CHHMITbE
HeCeTMCHTHO-
TO
ypoBHa
—
MpocoseB
(y1apeHHe,
HATOHAMMA;
HUT
M1
JMTOBCKOTO
A3BIKA
XA-
pakTepHB
cjlo oBsie
akieHTs ).
TIpocozembl
3aHHMaloT
6énbuIy10
MpoTMKeHHOCTS,
yem
(pOHEMBI:
CHOFOBBIe
AKICHTBL
XapakTepusyloT
MopieMy,
yiapeHie
—
COBO,
MATOHAUMA
—
mpezOxKeHHe.
Tom
yHapeHHeM
MOHHMaeTCH
BBIeICHHe
OAHOFO
CiIO-
a
B
Wen
cyo os.
Cuenye
o MeTHTs,
4TO
B
paGoTaX
PYCHCTOB
PeasIbHBIC
ABIICHHA
JHTOBCKOTO
H3bI-
ka
YUHTBIBAIOTCA
B
He ocTaTouHOl
cTenenH.
Hamp.,
Hake
B
UIKObHOM
yueOuuKe
PYCCKOFO
A3BIKA
LIA
HTOBUCB
(Jlaypunapuyene
M.,
XMensycxexe
I,
1978,
c.
5,
19)
y sepxjaeTcs,
YTO
B
JHTOBCKOM
S3bIKe
yapeHe
»MYS3BIKaJIbHOe™
H
HET
pe-
MyKiMn
Gesy{apHbIX
MACHBIX,
XOTH
B
COBPEMCHHBIX
HCCC
LOBAHMAX
AHTOBCKOC
Ya-
167
Gi denis
A.
Fonologija.
—
V.,
1981.
Laigonai é
A.
Lie u iy
kalbos
akcen ologija.
—
V.,
1978,
Neseckiené
I.
Apie
lie u iy
i
usy
kalby
one iniy
eiSkiniy
g e inima
mokan
a imo.
—
Kn.:
Mokymo
i
aukléjimo
klausimai.
V.,
1980.
S imai iené
M.
Lie u iy
i
angly
p iebalsiy
junginiai
iSliuose
eks uose
i
Zodyne.
—
Kalbo y a,
1981,
.
32
(1).
Zinke i ius
Z.
Lie u iy
kalbos
dialek ologija.
—
V.,
1978.
K.
GARSVA
LIETUVIY
IR
RUSY
KALBY
FONOLOGINIY
SISTEMU
GRETINIMAS
Reziumé
Siame
s aipsnyje
g e inami
s a besnieji
lie u iy
i
usy
li e a d iniy
kalby
onologiniy
sis e-
my
eiSkiniai:
onemos
(balsiai,
p iebalsiai),
skiemeny
s uk O a,
p ozodemos
(ki is
i
k .).
Pa ei-
kiamos
i
kai
ku ios
lie u iy
kalbos
a miy
ypa ybés,
a imesnés
usy
kalbai.
D ideSim
a8 uonioms
lie u iy
kalbos
onemoms
(/b
bc
@dgg’
kk
Il
mm'nn'
pp'
ss’
§ '
zz
2/)
usy
kalboje
y a
panaSis
a i ikmenys.
Fonemy
/i
uo
aj/
a i ikmenys
usy
kalboje
one iSkai
ski iasi
jau
daugiau.
AS uonioms
onemoms
(ji*
e*
u’ 0°
c’
é
3”
2")
usy
kalboje
né a
ek i alen y.
Rusy
kalbos
Zodzio
p addioje
y a
d igubai
daugiau
p iebalsiy
junginiy,
nes,
juos
suda an ,
a ojama
daugiau
p iebalsiy
i
jie
gali
ci i
lais esne
a ka.
I§
39
p iebalsiy
junginiy,
galimy
lie-
u iu
kalbos Zodzio
p adzioje,
35
a ojami
i
usy
kalboje.
D iskiemeniuose—
sep yniaskiemeniuose
lie u iy
kalbos
ZodZiuose
bina
apie
12
ki io
sche-
my
(ki éiuo y
i
neki giuo y
skiemeny
kombinacijy),
usy
kalboje
—
apie
8
(iS
jy
lie u iy
kalboje
y a
5).
Palyginus
su
lie u iy
kalbos
ki éiuo émis,
usy
kalbos
daliy
schemy
y a
maZdaug
d igubai
daugiau.
Abejose
kalbose
y a
ik
iena
bend a
ki ia imo
schema:
kai
isose
ZodZio
o mose
ki
Siuojamas
as
pa s
skiemuo.
Lie u iy
kalboje
da
y a
i
d iejy
p iegaidZiy
(akO o
i
ci kum-
lekso)
opozicija.
K.
GARSVA
COMPARISON
OF
THE
PHONOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS
OF
LITHUANIAN
AND
RUSSIAN
Summa y
__
In his
a icle
he
au ho
compa es
mo e
signi ican
phenomena
o
he
phonological
sys ems
o
he
Li huanian
and
he
Russian
languages:
phonemes
( ocals,
consonan s),
he
s uc u e
o
syl-
lables,
p osodemes
(s ess
e c.).
The
a icle
p esen s
some
ea u es
o
Li huanian
dialec s,
which
a e
closely
ela ed
o
he
Russian
language.
The e
a e
simila
equi alen s
in
Russian o
28
Li huanian
phonemes:
/b
b’
c
&
dg
gk
k’
I?
mm'nn’
pp’ ’ss
§ y'
zz’
Z|.
Equi alen s
o
he
phonemes
/iuoaj/
in
he
Russian
lan-
guage
phone ically
a e
mo e
di e en .
Fo
8
Li huanian
phonemes
/i*
e*
u"
o*
c’
& §°
2'/
he e
a e
no
equi alen s.
.
A
he
beginning
o
he
Russian
wo d
he e
a e
wice
as
many
consonan
clus e s,
because
when
composing
hem
mo e
consonan s
a e
employed,
which
may
go
in
mo e
ee
o de .
O
39
nen
SME,
Wich
a e
peeeibe
se
Re
eg
e
ee
35
a e
used
in
ussian.
As
compa ed
wi h
Li huanian
s ess
pa adigms,
he e
a e
wice
as
many
s ess
schemes
o
pa s
o
speech
in
Russian.
The e
is only
one
common
s ess
scheme
in
bo h
languages:
when
he
same
syllable
in
all
o ms
o
he
wo d
is
s essed.
Solely,
in
he
Li huanian
language
he
opposi-
ion
o
wo
syllable
accen s
( he
acu e
and
he
ci cum lex)
exis s.