66 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (Li huanian Language Ac )
HARALD BICHLMEIER
Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Leipzig
Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0003-0001-1677 Resea ch ields:
onomas ics ( oponymy), his o ical phonology o he Ge manic
languages, Indo-Eu opean linguis ics, Aljamiado ex s.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
ADDENDA ETYMOLOGICA (also known as ADDENDA)
To he commen s
To some wi h an-
Beginning o Li huanian
NAMES o he wa e s AND
Thei Ou side Bal ics
Rela ed
E imological a icles […]Pas abos due o he
Li huanian i e boa s, hei o igin is
unce ain, and hei o igin is unce ain[…] papildymai
The anno a ion
In an ea lie a icle, he […]wa e oo was u idg. Rejec ed as ic ion. Consequen ly, wa e
names such as li . Ana à, Anýkš ė en a i ely based on he oo u idg. *h2en- "Ge ing wa e "
explained. Howe e , his is i s de ec able in Ana olia, and he e idence o con inua ion o he
oo e en in wes e n Indoge mania is a e, pa ly doub ul. In his a icle, ano he po en ial
con inua ion o his oo in Wes Indo-Ge manic, he e in Ge manic, is p esen ed, he eby
sugges ing ha he o.a. Li huanian wa e names ha e he oo u idg. *h2 ounda ion lies, is
s eng hened.
SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: Bal ic hyd onym, Cel ic hyd onym, […]Al eu opean[…], also known as Bal ic hyd onym
Hyd onym, phono ac ics, and so on.
S aipsniai A icles 67 and 67
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
ANNOTATION
An ea lie a icle made i clea ha he […]hyd onymic oo PIE *en-/*on- is a phan asm.
Because o his, hyd onyms such as Li h. Ana à and Anýkš ė we e explained en a i ely based
on he oo PIE *h2en- ‘ o haul (wa e ). This oo , howe e , is p ima ily con inued in Ana olian,
while a es a ions o he con inua ion o his oo in Wes e n IE languages a e a e, pa ially
e en dubious. The a icle o e s ano he o m, po en ially con inuing his oo in Wes e n IE,
p ecisely in Ge manic. Thus, he assump ion ha he abo e-men ioned Li huanian hyd onyms
also con ain he oo PIE *h2enis suppo ed indi ec ly. KEYWORDS: Bal ic hyd onym, Cel ic
hyd onym, Old Eu opean hyd onym, phono ac ics. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been
used in his way.
In a numbe o ea lie a icles, especially in he "No es on some Li huanian wa e names and hei
non-Bal ic ela i es" (in Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 84 = Bichlmeie 2021a) he au ho o he
ollowing a icle has used a numbe o wa e names in Ge many (e.g. Inn.name, An ik Aenus) and
Aus ia (e.g. Enns, Anis/al e na i e Anisa, An ikus), bu also in Li huania (e.g. Gu aB o he
dehyd onymic Wies name LV 881, he i e Ankhė, he i e Ankhė; see also I. ., 102) and Uk aine (e.g.
I'll gi e you a hin .
1 The name is mo phologically no de ini i ely cla i ied, mos likely om Vo u bal . * o go ou o
he house; some imes conside ed o be ela ed o he wo d o […]En e[…], c . li . án is, ap euß. <
u idg. an is *h2enh2 i is p obably o be ejec ed; In Bal ic, he la ynx was no ocalized in his
posi ion, i.e. in he las syllable. A connec ion wi h he wo d o "duck" could only be made i he
wo d we e a p e-Bal ic elic, which is o cou se e y unlikely.
2
This name is also e ymologically no clea ly cla i ied, c . T ubačë 1968: 220, which ci es wo
possibili ies, i s ly a Th acian composi e *ana-u us […] wi hou wa e […] o *ana-u us […] on he
wa e […] (c . U us, Plinius Na .his . 3, 149), e c. (De schew 1957: 349). O cou se, in a language like
Th acian, he meaning o lexemes o en has o emain ques ionable, e en hough he p e ix an(a) is
p obably also ound in he cas le name Anasamus (Tabula Peu inge iana 8, 1: Anasamo), loca ed a he
mou h o he i e Asamus (Plinius, Na .his . 3, 149), oday bulg. Osăm (see De schew 1957: 30) seems o
be in he lead. Secondly, i goes om a Sla ic *onu ja > aksl. (ESJS 586) om, which is also a common
designa ion mo i o i e s in he Bal ics; See he i e name li . Ku pininkė, he name o he swamp.
Kù pī es-pu s o li . Kù pė, le . This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his. I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . Wi h he la e solu ion, i emains unclea whe e he co ec ly se pala aliza ion has
emained: he i e would hen ha e o be called *Onuč(a). […] He e is (as simila ly also in olde
Ge man-speaking i yes, which 3.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
68 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI
un e such , ob zwischen ihnen e ymologische Zusammenhänge bes ehen – und
The esul o his in es iga ion was h ee old: on he one hand, ha he Cen al
Eu opean names a e mos likely o Cel ic o igin and de i e om a oo . […]pen-
[…]Sump, slowly lowing wa e […] should go back; On he o he hand, ha he "wa e
oo " ha haun s onomas ic li e a u e is jus a phan asm (which is no e en
men ioned in IEW 311 .), a ghos ha he c ow has le ou o he bo le and simply
does no wan o go back: all he lexemes p esen ed as a gumen s o he
exis ence o his oo a e wo hless, since he Appella i a is en i ely Cel ic wo ds,
which sound like he law. * may ha e los , o o names ha come om he o me ly
ce ainly Cel ic-inhabi ed a ea o om a leas possibly o a ce ain ime
Cel ic-inhabi ed a ea, o which he e o e he same applies as o he Appella i a.
And e en i you look a he oo in a mode n way as u idg. *h1en(H)- would no sol e
he p oblem, as he e a e no u he appella i es based solely on u idg. *h1en(H)
would ha e o be e ymologized.
And hi dly, i has been shown ha ano he oo can also play a ole in his
con ex , namely u idg. *h2en- ‘(Wa e ) d aw: This oo can heo e ically unde lie
all names (and seman ically app op ia e appella i es) whose p e o m is
de e mined. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . *an- (< u idg. *h2en-/ *h2on-) o u kel . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . O he names men ioned a he ou se , his would be Enns o Anisa,
li e ally. Ana à, Anýkš ė and so on, as well as Uk aine. I 's oo much. I is impo an
o he names o he oldes laye s o wa e in Eu ope ha he unde lying oo
means some hing ha is somehow ela ed o wa e o wa e . Wa e can be
in ol ed.
A cen al ole in he whole a gumen was also played by he Gallic gloss anam gl.
Paludem, which comes om he Glossa Endliche s, handed down in se e al
manusc ip s ( he oldes da ing om 796 AD). The eliabili y o his glossa y is, o
cou se, unde mined by a numbe o co up pos s o an a chaic o ma ion.
Li e a u , wo eilich meis mi de ominösen „Wasse wu zel *en-/*on-“ ope ie wi d) ehe on
*h2en-on -ou o he way.
3
Fu he con ibu ions in which pa ial aspec s o he p oblem a e deal wi h a e Bichlmeie 2010:
I 's numbe 34 . ; 2018; 2020: 27 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . ; This is 2021b. This
is 2021c. 2023a: 50[…]52; 2023b: 56[…]59; Bichlmeie , oom 2022: 59 wi h no es 30, and 107 .
S aipsniai A icles 69 and 69
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he
Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e . Tha 's e y galling. anam
seman ically o he o he s om he oo u idg. I any spelling o special
de elopmen o he ending has no aken place, he wo d o he Akk.Sg. I 's oo gall. -
Wha 's ha ? This o m hen equi es when hey a e o u idg. I sounds like a p e ix.
I'm no su e wha you mean. Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Such a de elopmen is
con a y o all he ules o phono ac ics, which ha e al eady been es ablished. *p-ā
could no ha e exis ed in his way and would ha e appea ed a he as *pnā and
subsequen ly e up ed. * ( ) mus be gi en (see below o de ails). A way ou o his
dilemma was jus he assump ion ha he wo d was lying. *h2en-eh2-> is o wa ded.
I'm no su e wha you mean. The eason. The p oblem, o cou se, was ha he oo
was e oded. I'm su e i 's only in Ana olian. […]ān-i/[…]an- […](Wa e ) o d aw[…], which
also includes he de i a i e DUG[…]anešša c. […]Schöp ge äß[…], is a ailable5, besides
less sa e/pe haps in a m. I'll ake i ou , b ing i ou , ake i ou . And maybe in
e ymologically also con o e sial g . […]ντλος m. […]kielbodenwasse , bilgenwasse […]
(i […] *h2n- lo- […]wha is c ea ed[…]?). […]7 Thus, he e is a ce ain link be ween he
Gaulish wo d and he Hi i e wo d pai , an unce ain one wi h a G eek and a doub ul
one wi h an A menian.
I would be nice, and would clea ly suppo he e ymology, i he e we e also a
secu e connec ion wi h a wo d om Wes e n Indoge mania.
Such a connec ion could indeed exis : in Wes Ge manic he e is a small g oup o
wo ds ha ha e a p e ix u ge m. I don' know. I don' know. Suppose wa e,
wa e. These a e ahd. and (e) a . […]Well, lood[…] (a es ed om he 8 h
cen u y, e.g. also in he Ab ogans), mhd. I don' know wha you' e alking abou .
Wa e, lood, ea ly mo ning. Flood, wa e, wa e, eigh , as i we e. Thyia, Thyia .
4
Wa e, Woge, see in de ail on his p oblem e.g. This is Bichlmeie 2021a: 201 .
5
See also HEG I 144 ., 148; EDHIL 281 . This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
6
See also This is EDAIL 389, 636 . ; i no < u idg. *senh2- (see his oo LIV2 532 .).
7
See also GEW I 114 (wi h olde , now gene ally ejec ed e ymology based on u idg. *semh2-
[…]shaping[…] (see his oo LIV2 531); DÉLG 89, 1272 (addi ionally wi h e ymology om g . I 's called
an u idg. * elh2- ‘high-li ing (see his oo LIV2 622 .); EDG I 109 (connec ion wi h he h. […]an-).
8
Wi h some o he Old High Ge man a es ed o ms, he same-sounding la . unda . […]Welle,
Woge[…] emains comple ely dis an ; In spi e o he simila i y and in spi e o p ac ically he same meaning, i has
HARALD BICHLMEIER
70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI and . Unda . […]S eaming[…], mndl. This is he
i s ime I' e seen his. […]Wa e , cu en , and so on. I mean, wa e, lood, lake, sea.
I 's cold. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking
abou . I 's only .dss.9. I 's called U ge m. I 's called "unþí-". I'm no su e wha
you' e alking abou . Po en ially, a leas he ollowing oo s a e used as he basis
o his, o ha e al eady been used in e ymologiza ion: I one assumes ha * is
pa o he su ix: 1) u idg. *h2en- […] (wa e ) o d aw, 2) u idg. *h2/3en-
‘swallowing hemsel es; I i 's pa o he Wz. is: u idg. I 's going o be we . I 's
going o be noisy.
In he (ana omical) li e a u e, a ian 2) is p e e ed and egula ly associa ed
wi h he h. […]u[…]a(n)[…]ešša n. […]Woge[…], […]u[…]an[…]u[…]analaš […]a pa o he
body[…], pal. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. […]uwan[…]uwani-
[…]B us (kas en)[…], ksch .luw. This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
Manu ac u ed by […]wan[…]uwanala[…]. Acco ding o his explana ion, he Old
Ge manic wo d is based on u idg. *h2/3un- (i)o-, he wa e is he e o e
in e p e ed as he swollen (wa e ). Howe e , his solu ion does no ake in o
accoun ha , acco ding o he phono ac ic ules o U indoge man, he
ocaliza ion o he p e ixed o m u idg. *h2/3- ()olau en would ha e o be, which
is he e o e p imi i e. I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going
o be able o do i . Now, in addi ion o he la e -men ioned lexemes, he e a e
always wo d o ms wi h a ull-s age oo , which may ha e basically p omo ed
he p ese a ion o he sounding *[…]-, while such o ms a e nex o he p e ix
u idg. *h2/3- () a e no o be g asped, bu he p oblem o non- egula
ocaliza ion o he basic o m emains. Occasionally, he link wi h a oo u idg is
also ound in he li e a u e. *ne , which is a a ian o u idg. I 's supposed o be
we . Then lie down in he on . The eason o -()oz. The e's a WZ. * is
o he wise no angible, so he assump ion o such a oo is en i ely ad hoc, his
is omi ed
The solu ion.
Fo he i s ime. So i 's also an ances o . *h2- ()o app oach, which is o cou se also a
p oblema ic seman ic e ymological wi h ahd. I don' wan o do any hing a all. This is
La EW II 816 . ; This is DÉLL 746; EDLIL
641).
9
Schü zeichel 2012: 349; S a ck, Wells 1971 […] 1990: 667; Schü zeichel, h sg., 2004 X 173; MH II 1775;
Gö ze 1920: 216; Bau eld 1996: 234; DW XXIV 433 . This is he i s ime ha his has happened. ;
This is EDPG 560 . ; Tie enbach 2010: 433; Be 1971: 336 (see also see also see also see also see);
Lasch, Bo chling, 1928 and ollowing. I'm no going o lie o you. (Unde 1) and On he o he
hand, This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Hol hausen in 1974: 413; Boswo h in 1898: 1301; Tolle in 1921: 753; de V ies in 1962 […] 1977: 632, 635 (unn 3); also known as Hol hausen in 1974: 413; Boswo h in 1898: 1301; Tolle in 1921: 753. Jóhannesson 1956: 129; Jónsson 1931: 577, 582 . This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Jóhannesson. (no applicable) Magnússon 1995: 1088 (unnu 2) ( he sou ces a e gi en in he oo no e in hema ic o de ).

S aipsniai A icles 71 and 71
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
I would equi e a shi : ' o c ea e' o 'c ea ed'.
(Wa e ) […] […] Flood […] […] Wa e […]? Wha is i ?
All h ee p oposals also equi e an emphasised, declining oo . This can be explained
by he wi hd awal o accen s in he subs an ia ion o he o iginally emphasized end
and hus a an ea ly s age o he de elopmen o he wo d in he oo o he
au oma ically dec easing e bal adjec i e. No explana ion is comple e wi hou
special assump ions.
3. Wha is he esul ?
Now ha he "wa e oo " has been p o en o be a ic ion, e en i i is
adequa ely desc ibed as an u idg. Fo he Bal ic and Sla ic names, he e o e, he
mos likely basis emains he o iginal. *h2en- ‘(Wa e ) o d aw le o e . The
con inua ion has his oo pe haps in Cel ic and pe haps in Ge manic: Bei gall. and
me. Wa e , u ine may be he oo o hese wo ds, since he adi ional de i a ion
o hese wo ds is om he oo u idg. *only special assump ions ega ding
phono ac ics a e possible. A suppo o he exis ence o he oo u idg. *h2enin
o wes e n Indoge mania may also p o ide he Ge manic: U ge m. *unþī, *unþiō-
‘Wa e, Woge can be based on u idg. *h2 can be explained wi hou con adic ion
(u idg. *h2- []ó- → o u ge m. *h2- []o- > u ge m. *unþ[i]a-), while he o he wise
p e e ed o m o explana ion is u idg. *h2/3- ()ozu oo o he u idg.
*h2/3[…]en- […] hemsel es a ching[…] in Ge man oo p imi i e. *unþ(i)a should
de elop, which does no e lec he ac ually a es ed wo d o ms.
Al hough he e is ul ima ely no conclusi e e idence, he ac ha a leas he
p obabili y o he oo 's o igin con inues o g ow. *h2 was also p esen in
wes e n Indoge mania, indi ec ly allowing
auch die Wah scheinlichkei wachsen, dass sie nich nu dem ös e eichischen
Gewässe namen Anisa/Enns, sonde n auch den Gewässe namen uk ain. Onu
und li . Ana à, Anýkš ė e c. zug unde lieg .
HARALD BICHLMEIER
72 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI This is a lis o languages o Li huania by popula ion.
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S aipsniai / A icles 73
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
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HARALD BICHLMEIER
74 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (Li huanian Language Ac )
GEW is F isk Hjalma . G eek e ymological dic iona y, 3 Bd.e, Indoge manische Biblio hek:
Reihe 2, Wö e büche , Heidelbe g: Ca l Win e Uni e si ä s e lag, Gö ze Al ed 1920:
1960–1972.
F ühneuhochdeu sches Glossa . This is he i s ime ha he dic iona y has been
published in Ge man. Second, g ea ly enla ged edi ion, Small ex s o lec u es and
HEG – Tischle Johann. He hi isches e ymologisches Glossa , mi Bei ägen on
G. Neumann, E. Neu, Innsb ucke Bei äge zu Sp achwissenscha , 20, Innsb uck:
Ins i u ü Sp achwissenscha de Uni e si ä Innsb uck, 1977–2016
exe cises, 101, Bonn: A. Ma cus and E. Webe 's publishing house. Hol hausen Fe dinand 1974:
Old English e ymological dic iona y, 3 d edi ion, is no changed. Published by he Ge man Lib a y, Se ies 2: Dic iona y books, Heidelbe g: Ca l Win e
Published by he Uni e si y.
I.E.W. is Poko ny Julius. This is he i s edi ion o he Indoge man e ymological dic iona y, Munich, Be n:
This is F ancke, 1959.
Jóhannesson Alexande 1956: Icelandic e ymological dic iona y, which is published in Be n:
I 's called F ancke.
Jónsson Finnu 1931: Lexikon poe icum an iquæ linguæ sep en ionali O dbog o e he
No wegian-Icelandic language, 2. Udga e, Københa n: S. L. Mœlle s bookshop. This is
he i s ime I' e seen i . Aga he Lasch, Bo chling Con ad, 1928 . This is he i s
ime I' e seen i . This is he i s ime ha I ha e been able o do his in my li e.
La EW II […] Walde Alois, Ho mann Johann Bap is . He is a membe o he
Eu opean Pa liamen . La in E ymological Dic iona y, 2 Bd.e, Indoge manische
Biblio hek: Ab eilung 1, Collec ion o Indoge manic Teaching and Handbooks, Se ies
2, Dic iona y, Heidelbe g: Ca l Win e Uni e si ä s e lag, 1930[…]1954 This is he i s edi ion o he book, which has been published in Ge man.
LIV2 […] Lexicon o Indo-Ge manic Ve bs, edi ed by H. Rix, edi ed by M. Kümmel, T.
Zehnde , R. Lipp, B. Schi me , Wiesbaden: Reiche , 2001. LVŽ I […] Lie u os ie o a džių
žodynas 1 (A[…]B), ed. kolegija L. Balode, V. Blažek, G. Blažienė, V. Ka delis, A.
Ragauskai ė, S. Temčinas, J. Udolph, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o leidykla, 2008. This
is he i s ime ha he Li huanian language has been used in his way.
Magnússon Ásgei Blöndal 1995: Íslensk o ðsi jabók 3., e b. (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Swedish ac ess and model. On you ee . This is Reykja ík.
I 's om he Uni e si y Lib a y.
This is Lexe Ma hias MH. Middle High Ge man handw i en dic iona y. A he same ime
as a supplemen and alphabe ical index o he Middle High Ge man Dic iona y by
Benecke-Mülle Za ncke, 3 Bd.e, Leipzig: S. Hi zel, 1872-1878.