Addenda etymologica zu den „Anmerkungen zu einigen mit An- beginnenden litauischen Gewässernamen und ihren außerbaltischen Verwandten“
Abstract
In einem früheren Artikel wurde die „Gewässerwurzel uridg. *en-/*on-“ als Fiktion verworfen. Folglich wurden Gewässernamen wie lit. Anatà, Anýkštė tentativ auf Grundlage der Wurzel uridg. *h2en- ‘Wasser schöpfen’ erklärt. Diese ist aber zunächst im Anatolischen nachweisbar, die Belege für Fortsetzer der Wurzel auch in der westlichen Indogermania sind rar, teils zweifelhaft. Im Beitrag wird nun ein weiterer potentieller Fortsetzer dieser Wurzel im Westindogermanischen, hier im Germanischen, vorgestellt, wodurch die Annahme, dass den o.a. litauischen Gewässernamen eben die Wurzel uridg. *h2en- zugrunde liegt, gestärkt wird.
Full text
66 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (Li huanian Language Ac )
HARALD BICHLMEIER
Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Leipzig
Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0003-0001-1677 Resea ch ields:
onomas ics ( oponymy), his o ical phonology o he Ge manic
languages, Indo-Eu opean linguis ics, Aljamiado ex s.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
ADDENDA ETYMOLOGICA (also known as ADDENDA)
To he commen s
To some wi h an-
Beginning o Li huanian
NAMES o he wa e s AND
Thei Ou side Bal ics
Rela ed
E imological a icles […]Pas abos due o he
Li huanian i e boa s, hei o igin is
unce ain, and hei o igin is unce ain[…] papildymai
The anno a ion
In an ea lie a icle, he […]wa e oo was u idg. Rejec ed as ic ion. Consequen ly, wa e
names such as li . Ana à, Anýkš ė en a i ely based on he oo u idg. *h2en- "Ge ing wa e "
explained. Howe e , his is i s de ec able in Ana olia, and he e idence o con inua ion o he
oo e en in wes e n Indoge mania is a e, pa ly doub ul. In his a icle, ano he po en ial
con inua ion o his oo in Wes Indo-Ge manic, he e in Ge manic, is p esen ed, he eby
sugges ing ha he o.a. Li huanian wa e names ha e he oo u idg. *h2 ounda ion lies, is
s eng hened.
SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: Bal ic hyd onym, Cel ic hyd onym, […]Al eu opean[…], also known as Bal ic hyd onym
Hyd onym, phono ac ics, and so on.
S aipsniai A icles 67 and 67
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
ANNOTATION
An ea lie a icle made i clea ha he […]hyd onymic oo PIE *en-/*on- is a phan asm.
Because o his, hyd onyms such as Li h. Ana à and Anýkš ė we e explained en a i ely based
on he oo PIE *h2en- ‘ o haul (wa e ). This oo , howe e , is p ima ily con inued in Ana olian,
while a es a ions o he con inua ion o his oo in Wes e n IE languages a e a e, pa ially
e en dubious. The a icle o e s ano he o m, po en ially con inuing his oo in Wes e n IE,
p ecisely in Ge manic. Thus, he assump ion ha he abo e-men ioned Li huanian hyd onyms
also con ain he oo PIE *h2enis suppo ed indi ec ly. KEYWORDS: Bal ic hyd onym, Cel ic
hyd onym, Old Eu opean hyd onym, phono ac ics. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been
used in his way.
In a numbe o ea lie a icles, especially in he "No es on some Li huanian wa e names and hei
non-Bal ic ela i es" (in Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 84 = Bichlmeie 2021a) he au ho o he
ollowing a icle has used a numbe o wa e names in Ge many (e.g. Inn.name, An ik Aenus) and
Aus ia (e.g. Enns, Anis/al e na i e Anisa, An ikus), bu also in Li huania (e.g. Gu aB o he
dehyd onymic Wies name LV 881, he i e Ankhė, he i e Ankhė; see also I. ., 102) and Uk aine (e.g.
I'll gi e you a hin .
1 The name is mo phologically no de ini i ely cla i ied, mos likely om Vo u bal . * o go ou o
he house; some imes conside ed o be ela ed o he wo d o […]En e[…], c . li . án is, ap euß. <
u idg. an is *h2enh2 i is p obably o be ejec ed; In Bal ic, he la ynx was no ocalized in his
posi ion, i.e. in he las syllable. A connec ion wi h he wo d o "duck" could only be made i he
wo d we e a p e-Bal ic elic, which is o cou se e y unlikely.
2
This name is also e ymologically no clea ly cla i ied, c . T ubačë 1968: 220, which ci es wo
possibili ies, i s ly a Th acian composi e *ana-u us […] wi hou wa e […] o *ana-u us […] on he
wa e […] (c . U us, Plinius Na .his . 3, 149), e c. (De schew 1957: 349). O cou se, in a language like
Th acian, he meaning o lexemes o en has o emain ques ionable, e en hough he p e ix an(a) is
p obably also ound in he cas le name Anasamus (Tabula Peu inge iana 8, 1: Anasamo), loca ed a he
mou h o he i e Asamus (Plinius, Na .his . 3, 149), oday bulg. Osăm (see De schew 1957: 30) seems o
be in he lead. Secondly, i goes om a Sla ic *onu ja > aksl. (ESJS 586) om, which is also a common
designa ion mo i o i e s in he Bal ics; See he i e name li . Ku pininkė, he name o he swamp.
Kù pī es-pu s o li . Kù pė, le . This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his. I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . Wi h he la e solu ion, i emains unclea whe e he co ec ly se pala aliza ion has
emained: he i e would hen ha e o be called *Onuč(a). […] He e is (as simila ly also in olde
Ge man-speaking i yes, which 3.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
68 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI
un e such , ob zwischen ihnen e ymologische Zusammenhänge bes ehen – und
The esul o his in es iga ion was h ee old: on he one hand, ha he Cen al
Eu opean names a e mos likely o Cel ic o igin and de i e om a oo . […]pen-
[…]Sump, slowly lowing wa e […] should go back; On he o he hand, ha he "wa e
oo " ha haun s onomas ic li e a u e is jus a phan asm (which is no e en
men ioned in IEW 311 .), a ghos ha he c ow has le ou o he bo le and simply
does no wan o go back: all he lexemes p esen ed as a gumen s o he
exis ence o his oo a e wo hless, since he Appella i a is en i ely Cel ic wo ds,
which sound like he law. * may ha e los , o o names ha come om he o me ly
ce ainly Cel ic-inhabi ed a ea o om a leas possibly o a ce ain ime
Cel ic-inhabi ed a ea, o which he e o e he same applies as o he Appella i a.
And e en i you look a he oo in a mode n way as u idg. *h1en(H)- would no sol e
he p oblem, as he e a e no u he appella i es based solely on u idg. *h1en(H)
would ha e o be e ymologized.
And hi dly, i has been shown ha ano he oo can also play a ole in his
con ex , namely u idg. *h2en- ‘(Wa e ) d aw: This oo can heo e ically unde lie
all names (and seman ically app op ia e appella i es) whose p e o m is
de e mined. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . *an- (< u idg. *h2en-/ *h2on-) o u kel . I'm no su e wha you' e
alking abou . O he names men ioned a he ou se , his would be Enns o Anisa,
li e ally. Ana à, Anýkš ė and so on, as well as Uk aine. I 's oo much. I is impo an
o he names o he oldes laye s o wa e in Eu ope ha he unde lying oo
means some hing ha is somehow ela ed o wa e o wa e . Wa e can be
in ol ed.
A cen al ole in he whole a gumen was also played by he Gallic gloss anam gl.
Paludem, which comes om he Glossa Endliche s, handed down in se e al
manusc ip s ( he oldes da ing om 796 AD). The eliabili y o his glossa y is, o
cou se, unde mined by a numbe o co up pos s o an a chaic o ma ion.
Li e a u , wo eilich meis mi de ominösen „Wasse wu zel *en-/*on-“ ope ie wi d) ehe on
*h2en-on -ou o he way.
3
Fu he con ibu ions in which pa ial aspec s o he p oblem a e deal wi h a e Bichlmeie 2010:
I 's numbe 34 . ; 2018; 2020: 27 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . ; This is 2021b. This
is 2021c. 2023a: 50[…]52; 2023b: 56[…]59; Bichlmeie , oom 2022: 59 wi h no es 30, and 107 .
S aipsniai A icles 69 and 69
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he
Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e . Tha 's e y galling. anam
seman ically o he o he s om he oo u idg. I any spelling o special
de elopmen o he ending has no aken place, he wo d o he Akk.Sg. I 's oo gall. -
Wha 's ha ? This o m hen equi es when hey a e o u idg. I sounds like a p e ix.
I'm no su e wha you mean. Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Such a de elopmen is
con a y o all he ules o phono ac ics, which ha e al eady been es ablished. *p-ā
could no ha e exis ed in his way and would ha e appea ed a he as *pnā and
subsequen ly e up ed. * ( ) mus be gi en (see below o de ails). A way ou o his
dilemma was jus he assump ion ha he wo d was lying. *h2en-eh2-> is o wa ded.
I'm no su e wha you mean. The eason. The p oblem, o cou se, was ha he oo
was e oded. I'm su e i 's only in Ana olian. […]ān-i/[…]an- […](Wa e ) o d aw[…], which
also includes he de i a i e DUG[…]anešša c. […]Schöp ge äß[…], is a ailable5, besides
less sa e/pe haps in a m. I'll ake i ou , b ing i ou , ake i ou . And maybe in
e ymologically also con o e sial g . […]ντλος m. […]kielbodenwasse , bilgenwasse […]
(i […] *h2n- lo- […]wha is c ea ed[…]?). […]7 Thus, he e is a ce ain link be ween he
Gaulish wo d and he Hi i e wo d pai , an unce ain one wi h a G eek and a doub ul
one wi h an A menian.
I would be nice, and would clea ly suppo he e ymology, i he e we e also a
secu e connec ion wi h a wo d om Wes e n Indoge mania.
Such a connec ion could indeed exis : in Wes Ge manic he e is a small g oup o
wo ds ha ha e a p e ix u ge m. I don' know. I don' know. Suppose wa e,
wa e. These a e ahd. and (e) a . […]Well, lood[…] (a es ed om he 8 h
cen u y, e.g. also in he Ab ogans), mhd. I don' know wha you' e alking abou .
Wa e, lood, ea ly mo ning. Flood, wa e, wa e, eigh , as i we e. Thyia, Thyia .
4
Wa e, Woge, see in de ail on his p oblem e.g. This is Bichlmeie 2021a: 201 .
5
See also HEG I 144 ., 148; EDHIL 281 . This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
6
See also This is EDAIL 389, 636 . ; i no < u idg. *senh2- (see his oo LIV2 532 .).
7
See also GEW I 114 (wi h olde , now gene ally ejec ed e ymology based on u idg. *semh2-
[…]shaping[…] (see his oo LIV2 531); DÉLG 89, 1272 (addi ionally wi h e ymology om g . I 's called
an u idg. * elh2- ‘high-li ing (see his oo LIV2 622 .); EDG I 109 (connec ion wi h he h. […]an-).
8
Wi h some o he Old High Ge man a es ed o ms, he same-sounding la . unda . […]Welle,
Woge[…] emains comple ely dis an ; In spi e o he simila i y and in spi e o p ac ically he same meaning, i has
HARALD BICHLMEIER
70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI and . Unda . […]S eaming[…], mndl. This is he
i s ime I' e seen his. […]Wa e , cu en , and so on. I mean, wa e, lood, lake, sea.
I 's cold. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking
abou . I 's only .dss.9. I 's called U ge m. I 's called "unþí-". I'm no su e wha
you' e alking abou . Po en ially, a leas he ollowing oo s a e used as he basis
o his, o ha e al eady been used in e ymologiza ion: I one assumes ha * is
pa o he su ix: 1) u idg. *h2en- […] (wa e ) o d aw, 2) u idg. *h2/3en-
‘swallowing hemsel es; I i 's pa o he Wz. is: u idg. I 's going o be we . I 's
going o be noisy.
In he (ana omical) li e a u e, a ian 2) is p e e ed and egula ly associa ed
wi h he h. […]u[…]a(n)[…]ešša n. […]Woge[…], […]u[…]an[…]u[…]analaš […]a pa o he
body[…], pal. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. […]uwan[…]uwani-
[…]B us (kas en)[…], ksch .luw. This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
Manu ac u ed by […]wan[…]uwanala[…]. Acco ding o his explana ion, he Old
Ge manic wo d is based on u idg. *h2/3un- (i)o-, he wa e is he e o e
in e p e ed as he swollen (wa e ). Howe e , his solu ion does no ake in o
accoun ha , acco ding o he phono ac ic ules o U indoge man, he
ocaliza ion o he p e ixed o m u idg. *h2/3- ()olau en would ha e o be, which
is he e o e p imi i e. I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going
o be able o do i . Now, in addi ion o he la e -men ioned lexemes, he e a e
always wo d o ms wi h a ull-s age oo , which may ha e basically p omo ed
he p ese a ion o he sounding *[…]-, while such o ms a e nex o he p e ix
u idg. *h2/3- () a e no o be g asped, bu he p oblem o non- egula
ocaliza ion o he basic o m emains. Occasionally, he link wi h a oo u idg is
also ound in he li e a u e. *ne , which is a a ian o u idg. I 's supposed o be
we . Then lie down in he on . The eason o -()oz. The e's a WZ. * is
o he wise no angible, so he assump ion o such a oo is en i ely ad hoc, his
is omi ed
The solu ion.
Fo he i s ime. So i 's also an ances o . *h2- ()o app oach, which is o cou se also a
p oblema ic seman ic e ymological wi h ahd. I don' wan o do any hing a all. This is
La EW II 816 . ; This is DÉLL 746; EDLIL
641).
9
Schü zeichel 2012: 349; S a ck, Wells 1971 […] 1990: 667; Schü zeichel, h sg., 2004 X 173; MH II 1775;
Gö ze 1920: 216; Bau eld 1996: 234; DW XXIV 433 . This is he i s ime ha his has happened. ;
This is EDPG 560 . ; Tie enbach 2010: 433; Be 1971: 336 (see also see also see also see also see);
Lasch, Bo chling, 1928 and ollowing. I'm no going o lie o you. (Unde 1) and On he o he
hand, This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Hol hausen in 1974: 413; Boswo h in 1898: 1301; Tolle in 1921: 753; de V ies in 1962 […] 1977: 632, 635 (unn 3); also known as Hol hausen in 1974: 413; Boswo h in 1898: 1301; Tolle in 1921: 753. Jóhannesson 1956: 129; Jónsson 1931: 577, 582 . This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Jóhannesson. (no applicable) Magnússon 1995: 1088 (unnu 2) ( he sou ces a e gi en in he oo no e in hema ic o de ).
S aipsniai A icles 71 and 71
Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
mi An- beginnenden li auischen Gewässe namen und ih en
auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
I would equi e a shi : ' o c ea e' o 'c ea ed'.
(Wa e ) […] […] Flood […] […] Wa e […]? Wha is i ?
All h ee p oposals also equi e an emphasised, declining oo . This can be explained
by he wi hd awal o accen s in he subs an ia ion o he o iginally emphasized end
and hus a an ea ly s age o he de elopmen o he wo d in he oo o he
au oma ically dec easing e bal adjec i e. No explana ion is comple e wi hou
special assump ions.
3. Wha is he esul ?
Now ha he "wa e oo " has been p o en o be a ic ion, e en i i is
adequa ely desc ibed as an u idg. Fo he Bal ic and Sla ic names, he e o e, he
mos likely basis emains he o iginal. *h2en- ‘(Wa e ) o d aw le o e . The
con inua ion has his oo pe haps in Cel ic and pe haps in Ge manic: Bei gall. and
me. Wa e , u ine may be he oo o hese wo ds, since he adi ional de i a ion
o hese wo ds is om he oo u idg. *only special assump ions ega ding
phono ac ics a e possible. A suppo o he exis ence o he oo u idg. *h2enin
o wes e n Indoge mania may also p o ide he Ge manic: U ge m. *unþī, *unþiō-
‘Wa e, Woge can be based on u idg. *h2 can be explained wi hou con adic ion
(u idg. *h2- []ó- → o u ge m. *h2- []o- > u ge m. *unþ[i]a-), while he o he wise
p e e ed o m o explana ion is u idg. *h2/3- ()ozu oo o he u idg.
*h2/3[…]en- […] hemsel es a ching[…] in Ge man oo p imi i e. *unþ(i)a should
de elop, which does no e lec he ac ually a es ed wo d o ms.
Al hough he e is ul ima ely no conclusi e e idence, he ac ha a leas he
p obabili y o he oo 's o igin con inues o g ow. *h2 was also p esen in
wes e n Indoge mania, indi ec ly allowing
auch die Wah scheinlichkei wachsen, dass sie nich nu dem ös e eichischen
Gewässe namen Anisa/Enns, sonde n auch den Gewässe namen uk ain. Onu
und li . Ana à, Anýkš ė e c. zug unde lieg .
HARALD BICHLMEIER
72 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI This is a lis o languages o Li huania by popula ion.
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Addenda e ymologica zu den „Anme kungen zu einigen
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auße bal ischen Ve wand en“
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