BALTU
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i :
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xe
3a
MoMombIo
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K
HHOepponelicKOMY
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TO
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—
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HOCHTEJIbHO-XPOHOJIO HYeCKOH
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OYeBHHOe
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He
TOJIbKO
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H
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ITOTO
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STOM
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WemecooOpa3sHo
BbIZe-
1
J.
O ebski,
G ama yka
jezyka
li ewskiego,
Il,
Nauka
o
budowie
wy azéw,
Wa sza-
wa,
1965,
c p.
320—326;
A.
Senn,
Handbuch
de
li auischen
Sp ache,
Heidelbe g,
1966,
cTp.
266—268;
Lie u iu
kalbos
g ama ika,
II,
Mo ologija,
Vilnius,
1971,
c p.
226—228;
Miusdienu
la ieSu
li e a as
alodas
g ama ika,
I,
Foné ika
un
mo ologija,
Riga,
1959,
c p.
673—675
4
ap.
*
Cu.
J.
Kazlauskas,
Lie u iy
kalbos
is o iné
g ama ika,
Vilnius,
1968,
cTp.
316—336;
J.
Endzelins,
La ieSu
alodas
g ama ika,
Riga,
1951,
c p.
751—763,
—
B
TOM,
¥TO
KacaeTca
OTJACMbHBIX
OaITHCKHX
A3bIKOB,
H
TakxKe:
Ch .
S.
S ang,
Das
sla ische
und
bal ische
Ve bum,
Oslo,
1942,
c p.
131—138;e o
xe,
Ve gleichende
G amma ik
de
Bal ischen
Sp achen,
Oslo—
Be gen—T oms6,
1966,
c p.
338—349;
J.
Endzelins,
Bal u
alodu
skanas
un
o mas,
Riga,
1948,
cp.
190—192;
E.
F aenkel,
Die
bal ischen
Sp achen,
Ih e
Beziehungen
zueinande
und
zu
den
indoge manischen
Schwes e idiomen
als
Ein iih ung
in
die
bal ische
Sp achwissenscha ,
Heidelbe g,
1950,
c p.
904
caeq.,—B
TOM,
YTO
KacaeTCH
CpaBHHTeNbHO-HCTOpHyecKO O
aHamH3a
STHX
OOpasosannii.
Cp,
Takxe
oGpamenue
K
aa onam
Ha
-s (a)
B
paGoTax
mo
HHACeBpoNenc-
Tuke
—
Mpexge
Bce o:
J.
Ku y owicz,
The
In lec ional
Ca ego ies
o
he
Indo-Eu opean,
Heidelbe g,
1964,
c p.
50-51;
B.
B.
Uspanos,
OOmennzcesponeiicxan,
npacnaBaHckaa
4
aHaTOMHiickan
ASKIKOBBIE
CHCTeMBI
(CpaBHHTeABHO-THNONO HYecKHe
o epKH),
M.,
1965,
cTp.
154
uw
caeg.
151
AMT
CTapylo
TOUKy
speHua
K.
@,
Yoxanccona,
KoTopplii
cKOHeH
Obl
BZeTb
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OanTHiickoM
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-S a
oTpaxenHe
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cydpuKca
3-T o
Ha
MeqHaJIbHO-
TO
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aOpHcTa
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BCe
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YTBepxJeHHH
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NOsqHeETO
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wu
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em
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np
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onpowep ae ca
NHWb
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®
Cm.
K.
F.
Johansson,
Eine
analoge
Neubildung
de
Ve bal lexion
im
Al indischen
und
Bal isch-Sla ischen,
—KZ,
Bd.
32,
1893,
c p.
476;
cp.
Takxe
H.
Hi ,
Indoge manische
G amma-
ik,
Bd.
IV,
Heidelbe g,
1928,
c p.
236.
*
O6sop
sTHx
ToweK
3peHHa
cM.
B
KH.:
Ch .
S.
S ang,
Das
sla ische
und
bal ische
Ve -
bum,
c p.
134
4
cneg.;
J.
Kazlauskas,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
330
u
caeg.
5°
Cp. Z ilg e é i
8
,Noc unae“
Jlayxum
(335, 44)
u
cxoqubie
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AMaeKTax.
®
Cp.
J.
Kazlauskas,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
324—325:
,,Kad
o man as
-s a-
Siuose
eiksmaZodziuose
y a
élesnis,
odo
ne
ik
d ilypé
jy
esamojo
laiko
o my
da yba
(in iksas
i
-s a-),
be
i
ai,
kad
ne-
e ai
ie
eiksmaZodZiai
ienose
a mése
u i
o man a
-s a,
o
ki ose
y a
ik
in iksiniai,
plg.
elgz a
i
gleiiza;
gés a
i
ge isa,
gésa;...
gl i a
i
gli iza
i
k .
Né a
abejonés,
kad
in iksinés
ly ys
y a
senesnés,
o
o man as
-s a
Gia
a si ado
éliau,
jau
iSnykus
in iksui
n“
(c
qaabHelimmmMn
OOpaAcHeHUsMnH).
Cp.
akxe
Ch .
S.
S ang,
Ve gl.
G amm.,
S.342:
,,De
Ums and,
daB
es
(scil.
das
Su ix
-s a-)
als
Supple-
men
zum
Nasalin ix
au i ,
d. h.
daB
dessen
Ve b ei ung
o wiegend
nach
de
Geb auchlichkei
bzw.
nich -Geb auchlichkei
des
Nasalin ixes
ge egel
is ,
deu e
da au ,
daB
die
P oduk i i a
dieses
Su ixes
nich
besonde s
wei
zu iick eich .
In
dieselbe
Rich ung
deu e
auch
die
Ta sache,
daB
s
nach
und
&
nich
du ch
§
e e en
is :
wi
s ehen
also
eine
Expansion
des
Su ixes
in
de
Fo m
-s -
gegeniibe ...“
152
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7
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yacTHOCTH,
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-s -
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{Py HMH
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oBopax:
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nu
léips u
o
lip ’,
mpukuu
myuks u
o
muk ,
klpupu
u
ki ups u
o
klup ’
w
7.4.)
wa
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pxze
TOBOPOB
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Ha
-S -
B
TEX
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HIM
B
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npeseHc
HHBIMH
Cnoco6amnH
(cp.
1TW.!qHad.
izmudks u,
smoks u,
apsudps
u
Ap.
(Kalupé).
Cm.
M.
Rudzi e,
La ieSu
dialek ologija,
Riga,
1964,
c p.
360;
cp.
o yac m
K.
D a in§,
V.
Rike,
Ve bal o men
und
undeklinie ba e
Rede eile
de
Munda
on
S enden,
Lund,
1958,
e p.
14-15.
153
€TcA
C1yYali OCTbIO;
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$.
S ang,
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und
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c p.
98,
189;
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A umaa,
Von
de
Higena
des
Ablau s
und
de
Dia hese
im
Bal ischen,
—Z sIPh,
Bd.
26,
1957,
e p.
118—149.
™
Cp.:
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bii ajame
laike
isada
u i
aip
pa
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i
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anzi y umo
odikliu“.
Cm.
J.
Kazlauskas,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
319.
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410
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S ang,
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342—343.
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Re lex
on
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—
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Bd.
16,
1939,
c p,
114;
J.
Kazlauskas,
Op.
ci .,
e p.
330.
1
Cp,
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-s (a)
B
TIpeseHce
MOET
OOLACHATLCA
HMEHHO
TeM,
4TO
OHH
OTKPbIBAlOT
MAKCHMAaJIbHbIC
BO3MOXKHOCTH
AIA
TNAa ONOB
C
CaMbIMH
Pa3JIHYHBIMH
BHAMH
KOPHEBOTO
BOKAH3Ma
H
HHTOHALMi,
UTOOLI
BK
OWN
TCA
B
MpeseHTHYIO
cHcTemy
(TO,
BNpodeM,
He
HCKJNOYaeT
BOSMOXKHOCTE!
BLIPAKeHHA
A
Py ux
nmpo uBonoc ap enni ,
HanlpHMep,
Hemepexoy-
HOCTH
—
MlepeXOAHOCTH
B
3aBUCHMOCTH
OT
CTYNeHH
aacHo o
B
KopHe,
cp.:
HT.
dygs a:
diegia,
amu.
digs u
:
diédzu
4
.0.).
Taa onsi,
npuo6pe aiomne
B
npeseHce
HOCOBOH
HHdUKC,
Hampo-
THB,
OKaSbIBAloTCA
HaHOonee
TMIPHTOAHBIMH
JIA
Pas
NHYeCHHA
a ONbHbIX
OCHOB
(B
uacTHOCTH,
BDPEMeHHEIX)
CpeCTBaMH
MHTOHAILMH.
156
du iZa,
p iis a
:
p u isa,
gniiis a
:
gniijsa,
diis a
:
du isa,
&ji a
:
Ci iza,
S@S a
:
Sansa,
siis a
:
suiisa,
d s a
:
d insa,
g¥i a
:
gi iza,
glpz a
:
glinza
u
qp.)",
ceTpo o
osopa,
npe noua aeT
He
TOMbKO
AMaxpoHHyecKylo
CMeXxKHOCTb
uHcpuKCa
-n-/-mM-
C
OC-
HopooOpasyiouyuMu
-s (a)
Tua
(dis i)
du-A-s(a):
*dis-s a,
Ho
1
CHHXpoHMyecKy 0
COBMeCTHY!0
BCTpeyaeMocTb
9THX
(opMaHToB
THMa
*du-n-s-+s a>
diis a,
Heu3-
OexKHYIO
AA
BCeX
OCHOB
c
HHdHKcOM,
mpHoOpeTa ommx
dopmau
-s (a).
Bo-
nee
To o,
@opMbi
Tuna
diis a
unu
g ¥s a<
*g is-s a<*g ins-s a,
HeCOMHeHHO,
B
TeYeHHe
HaYaJIbHOFO
MepHo a
HX
OPOPMIeHHA
MOJMKHbI
BOCMPHHHMATbCA
He
Kak
MpocTHIe
OCHOBbI
Ha
-S a
:
dus-s a
uuiu
g is-s a,
a
HMCHHO
KaK
Mpe3eHTHbIe
OC-
HOBBI
@
deux
e mes
—
-n
wi
-s (a),
TeM
Gonee,
YTO
#
HM
¥
B
KOPHE
9THX
[la-
ouiop
(KaK,
BIPOYeM,
HB
APYTHX
aHaJIOTHYHbIX
CyYaAX)
ABMAAIOTCA
apxu po-
HeMaMH,
B
KOTOpbIX
HeliTpanu3yl0TCA
cooTBeTCTBeHHO
#
H
un
(um),
y
H
in
(im).
YuuTHBAA
CTOMb
TECHYIO
H
AaBHIOIO
CBA3b
OCHOB
C
HOCOBbIM
HH@HKCOM
Hi
OcHoB
Ha
-s (a),
He
TOBOpA
yxKe
O
AaHHbIX
APy Hx
ApeBHux
HHAOeBponelickux
AZbIKOB,
MPHXOAMTCA
MpH3HaTb
CHOpHbIM
OODACHeHHe
TeHesHca
-s (a),
MaHHoe
HegapHo
IO,
Kypuaosnyem'®,
nockoubKy
OHO
He
YYHTbIBAeT
CBASH
STHX
ABYX
THMoB
OcHoB.
Baio
Obi
B
BbICUIeli
CTeMeHH
CTPaHHbIM,
ecH
Obl
OamTHlicKas
Kap-
THHa,
NpeAnona aioulad
cBA3b
OCHOB
Ha
-s (a)
H
OCHOB
C
HOCOBLIM
HHQHKCOM,
JIM
cayYalixo
MMHTHpOBasia
HHACeBponelickoe
cocTosHHe.
Sa o
1O.
Kypuso-
BHY
HECOMHEHHO
MIpaB,
KO a
OH
HaMe¥aeT
OOIMe
NPHHIMMbI
BOSHHKHOBeEHHA
H
pacnpocTpaHeHua
PopMaHTOB
c
yYeTOM
OTHOLIEHHH
Me@xK
Ay
NepBH4HOl
H
BTOpHY-
Holi
ceManTHyecKol
dbyHkuuaAMu.
OcoGeHHO
cyulecTBeHHO,
YTO
H3
STO
CxXeMbI
BbITeKaeT
MPHHUMMHaIbHad
MOABHXKHOCTh
CeMaHTHYeCKHX
3Ha eHHli
y
AaHHO oO
boHeTH4ecKO O
KOMIIeKca
—
OT
HY1eBOFO
JO
CAOBOOOpasz0BaTebHBIX
H
POpMo-
OOpasopaTeIbHbIx
3Ha eHHi .
B
pa3Hbix
HHACeBpoNelicKHX
ASbIKaX,
B
TOM
4HCIe
M
B
OanTHIiCKHX,
3JIEMeHT
-s-
KaK
pa3
H
@UKCHpyeT
pasHble
CeMaHTHKO- paMMa-
THYeCKHe
PaH H
H
Nepexo bl
43
OMHOTO
paH a
B
Apy oii.
Kce a u
osops,
9THM
nepexozaM
cnocoOcTBopaia
Ta
apxaMuHad
cHCTeMa
@leKcHii
B
CIpmMKeHHH,
KOTOPad
CTAHOBHTCA
Bce
So lee
ACHOM
B
pesyAbTaTe
NocNeAHHX
uCceqOBaHHi
(cp.
Gec baekTHBHoe
3-e
MHYO
a oda,
Hepasauyenue
daexcui
2- o
u
3- o
anua
B
CIIp@KeHHH,
CBASb
(baeKcui
cnpsxKenHsa
2-ii
cepun
(xeTTCK.
- i)
c
MeqHomaccH-
BOM
H
MepibeKTOM,
BCKPbITHE
IMPOKOFO
Cy
HH
bIOUKTHBHBIX
OOpasoBaHu
H
T.11.).
17
Cm.
J.
Kazlauskas,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
324—325.
Jla smuckne
mpHMepbi
Tako o
THMa
CM.:
J.
Endzelins,
La ieSu
alodas
g ama ika,
c p.
762—763.
38
Cu.
J.
Ku y owicz,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
50—51.
Me ouxukom
JanHo o
cbopMaHTa
NpHsHaloTcA
Mmpuyac Hpie
bopMBI
Ha
- as
OT
a ou0B
C
HexogoM
KopHA
-d,
- ,
-s, -s,
-2
(-sk,
-5k ).
J u
opme
[aioT
NOBOA
AA
BOSMOXKHOCTH
ABOAKOl
TpakTOBKH,
HalipuMep,
iFs as
=
1.
i - as
(nepBHYHAA
dopa)
wan
2.
i -s as
(B opuuHas
dbopma).
Cp.
zanee
(cp.
51):
”This
possibili y
is
exploi ed
i
he
espec i e
e b
shows
a
double
unc ion,
e.
g.
i ,
undamen ally
ansi i e,
i
has
in
ce ain
con ex s
an
in ansi i e
alue
o
i
i
is
a
e b
o
s a e
wi h
a
seconda y
du a i e
unc ion.
Thus
a
pa iciple
like
i s as
ha ing
he
p ima y
passi e
meaning
’which
has
been
u ned
o e “
and
a
seconda y
in ansi i e
meaning
,,which
has
u ned
(o e )“,
can
be
spli
in o
iF - as
(p ima y
seman ic
unc ion)
and
i -s as
(seconda y
unc ion).
Pu ely
i ual
in
he
pa -
iciple
and
in
he
in ini i e
in
- i,
he
spli
is
ac ualized
in
he
co esponding
p esen
ense:
i - -
as:
iF -s -as= e ’i:
i -s -i.
Acco ding
o
§36
we
ge
he
sub ac ion
o
- -
in
i - -(as)
en ailing
he
es i u ion
o
he
ull
g ade
e ’
since
he
ze o-g ade
o
he
oo
is
only
a
co olla y
o
he
addi ion
o
- as,
hence
pa iciple
e ’-:
i -s -=
p esence
e ’-:
i -s -
ep esen ing
a
co ec
p opo ion...“
H
T.
a.
157
B
cpa3H
c
JonoaHHTeNBHBIM
OTHOLWeHHEM
-n-/-m-:
-s -
B
OanTuiicknx
mpe-
SCHTHBIX
OCHOBaX
Hanpalpae ca
pal
napaaaeneii
u
anano ni .
Tlomua,
u o
OanTHiicKHe,
ClaBaAHcKHe
TePMAHCKHE
SISBIKH
H3
TpeX
THNMOB
HHACeBponelicKo-
To
mpeseHca
¢
HOCOBBIM
(opManTom
(1.
*linek”-:
*linkw-,
2.
*k'Ineu-:
*k'Inu-,
3.
*k" ineH,-:
*k* inay)
YCBOHIM
JIMUIb
Kakoli-To
oqMH
THN
(6anTHiicKHe
—
nepsbili,
C1aBaHcKHe
—
BTOpoli,
epMancKkue
—
TpeTuii),
coxpaHuB
3a
HUM
OOuIee
SHAMCHHE
HHTPaH3HTHBHOCTH,
NPHXOAUTCH
3aKMIOUNTb
06
UsBeCTHOII
npapomep-
HOCTH
CpaBHeHHsA
OaTHlicKo o
HHUKcaTbHOTO
H
cABAHCKOTO
cyduk
cabHo o
THMOB
Mp€3€HTHBIX
OCHOB
C
9IeMeHTOM
-n-.
B
TaKom
Culyyae
BeCbMa
NoKasaTebHO,
TO
N€PBOHAYAIBHO MpaCJaBAHCKHE
OCHOBbI
Ha
-ne-
(*d igno i,
*d ignesi)
o6paso-
BbIBAIH
HCKJIIOUNTEIbHO
ACHIMaTHU4eCKui
aopuc
(*d igo),
u o,
nanpu-
MCP,
H
3aCBHJeTeIbCTBOBAHO
B
CTapOcsaBAHCKUX
NaMaTHuKax.
Takum
o6pasom,
AA
HSBECTHOTO
TepHoza
peKoucTpyupye ca
caeqyioulad
cxemMa
pacnpezenenna
hop
B
aopuc e:
mpeseHTHBIe
OCHOBEI
¢
HOCOBEIM
(-n-)
cydb puxcom
-+
acu ma u-
“eckHii
aopHicT;
npeseHTHbIe
OCHOBEI
6e3
HOCOBO O
cyipukca
(xoTa
H
He
Bce)
>
cH MaTHYuecKHi
aopucT,
T.e.
*d ignesi—
*d igs,
Ho
*znajesi
—
*znaxo.
Van u pan
CTaAHIO,
KO Aa
W3
HHbIONKTHBA
CTAJIH
BBIJeATCA
OCOOLIM
o6pa3som
odopmaen-
HBI€
OCHOBBI,
MOXKHO
H
AIS
MpacaBAHCKOTO
HaMeTHTb
cocylulecTBoBaHHe
Hi
c6a-
“1aHCHPOBAHHOCTb
STHX
Xe
ABYX
THNOB
—
c
-n-
HC
-s-,
Xapak epuo,
4To
ui
B
cwa-
BAHCKHX
ASbIKAX
MPHXOAHTCA
CUHTATECA
Cc
9KCHAaHCHell
cH MaTHYecKo o
TMA,
cp.
Mo3quHe
(opMBl
cu mMaTuyecko o
OOpasopanua
aopuc a
oT
aa ooB
¢
-n-
B
mpesence
d igoxs
npu
cTapom
d igo.
Bonee
o o,
Kak
HB
AHTOBCKHX
dopmax,
HPHXOMHTCA
KOHCTATHPOBaTb
COBMECTHYIO
BCTpeyaeMocTs
HOCOBOTO
SJIeMeHTa
H
-s-(-x-,
--)
B
mpegenax
ogno i
COBOopMbI
B
CHTMaTHYecKHxX
aopuc ax
OT
mpe-
3€HTHBIX
OCHOB
Ha
HOCOBOii
THNAa:
KOCH)KX'b,
TIO-MbH}KX
db,
OYCBKH}KX'b
H
nog.”
(T.
e.
B
KOHeYHOH
nepcneKTuBe
*-sék-non-s-).
Q
a ano u ,
Koneu-
HO,
AelaloT
euje
Go ee
npaByono_o6HLiM
npeqnonoxKenne
o
CBASH
-S-
B
6an-
THHCKHX
Mpe3eHTHBIX
OCHOBAX
Cc
NOKasaTeTeM
ClaBAHCKOTO
aopHeTa
H
NOABO_AT
K
THMOTese
©
CBS3H
- -
B
-s -
B
OaTHiicKUx
dopMax
¢
- -
B
aopacTHyeckHx
(op-
Max
2- o
#
3- o
Hua
eq.
uncna
THA
pi d,
je d,
a
MOxKeT
GbITb
u
das o,
ecm
He
BHACTh
3 ecbh
yypoenua.
Tlockonbky
B
nocuequee
BpeMa
Bce
Gonee
yTBepx-
AaeTea
B3ITIAN
Ha
3Ty
cbopMy
Kak
npoc y o
(*da-s e),
To
ee
ymMecTHO
CPpaBHHTb
c
mpycck.
das ,
c .-nu .
dios i,
Kak
u
PAXOM
Apy ux
oOpasopanuii,
cp.
xe cK.
da§
(2-e—3-e
nuyo
eg.
4.
nipe epu a
hi-cnpmxenna),
an6.
dhashé
(1-e
amuo
eg.
4.
aopuc a,
‘a
Jas’),
Bene ,
dona.s. o
u
nog...
Yxe
ug
NIPHBeJeCHHBIX
BbILIe
NpHMe-
POB
MO*KHO
BHJCTb,
UTO
-S-
NOABIAeTCA
TO
KaK
NOKa3aTeNb
TIP€3CHTHBIX
OCHOB,
TO
Kak
NOKasaTeb
aopuc a,
To
Kak
dpieKcua
(HH
YacTh
ee)
WHWa
B
ia oabHOM
cnpsokenHun.
C
s oli
,.no2BHxKHOCTHIO“
-s-,
KOHEYHO,
H€Ab3A
He
CUHTaTbCH
NpH
pe-
WeHHH
BONpoca
O
e o
nponcxoxjenun.
Oc apaaa
B
cTopone
yambueiiune
PaccyxkAeHHA
O
CiaBAHCKOM
aopucTe,
YMECTHO
JIMIb
HaNOMHUTb,
4TO
pacnpeyenenne
e o
(opm
GpI0
O6ycnoBeHO
*
Cm.
H.
Bau-Beiik,
Me opua
c apocaapaucko o
asbika,
M.,
1957,
c p.
342—345.
»
Cu.
B.
Rosenk anz,
His o ische
Lau -
und
Fo menleh e
des
Al bulga ischen,
Heidel-
be g, 1955,
c p.
129;
B.
B.
Wpanos,
Yxas,
cou.,
c p.
82;
e o
xe,
O paxenne
AByx
cepuii
HHOeBponelickux
na onbHBIx
opm
B
MpacaBAHCKOM,
—
,,CaaBaHCKOe
A3bIKO3HaHHe“,
M.,
1968,
e p.
257;
B.
H.
Tonopos,
K
Bonpocy
06
ssomounn
CaBAHCKO O
H
GaTHiicKo o
ua o-
aa,
—
BCA,
5,
1961,
e p.
69.
158
H€
TOJIbKO
THIIOM
OCHOB,
HO
M
aKWeHTHO
Napagu moii
aa oma.
Cp.
akueHTHO-
Mopoulo nyeckoe
MpaBysio,
CYMIeCTBOBABUIee
ele
Jo
MomBAeHMA
NMCbMeHHDIX
NaMATHHKOB
CTapOCsaBAHCKOFO
A3bIKa
U
OODACHABUIEe
pacnpeyenenue
aopucTH-
yecKHX
(bopM"!:
HENpoHsBOAHBIe
GapHTOHHpOBAHHBIe
Tla onb
c
paBHOCAO*KHbIMH
OcHOBaMH
OOpasoBbIBaIH
MpoOcToli
aopucT,
ECM
OCHOBa
OKaHYMBanacb
Ha
Co-
TlacHbili,
H
CHI'MATHYCCKH-KOpHeBOl
aOpHCT,
ECM
OCHOBA
OKAHYMBaach
Ha
iacHbiii
HIM
Conan .
HenpouspogqHble
OKCHTOHMpOBaHHble
Tia oubl
To o
xe
THNA
o6pasopbinain
cu MaTuyeckuii
aopucT
Tana
BECb
—
BEJIE,
ecau
ocnosa
oKan-
UHBalach
Ha
COMIAaCHbili,
MH
CHTMaTHYeCKO-JeHTaJIbHbIii
aOpucT,
ecaH
ocHOBa
OKaHYMBAUIaCh
Ha
PiacHblli
HH
Conan
(cm.
B.
A.
J[pi60,
YKa3.
cou.,
e p.
37-38).
O cioga:
pi ,
uo
bi
uau
ido,
no
ésd
u
NOL.
Ecan
B
OanTHlickoM
H
caaBAHCKOM
ia ome
31eMeHTHI
-n-
UH
-s-
KOHKypH-
Pyl0T
Apy
c
Apy oM,
.1HuWb
HspeAKa
BEICTY
Mad
OHOBPeMEHHO
B
OHO!
H
TOL
xe
cpopMe
(npuyem
Hau
Takue
O6pasoBaHus
uMeloT
HeycTOIuMBEIil,
nipoMexyTou-
HbIi
XapakTep,
HH
OHH
Mpe_nosa aioT
3a6BenHe
npexHUX
3Ha enHii
y
coueTa-
IOUMXCA
QIeMeHTOB),
TO
HeKOTOpBIe
APpy e
wHACeBponelickue
AsbIKH
pasBHAu
pe yJispHble
OOpasoBaHia,
XapakTepH3ylouHecA
CoueTaHHeM
HOCOBO O
H
CHIMa-
THYeCKO O
9/IeEMeHTOB.
Tipexkge
Bee o
3ecb
QosKHBI
ObITh
OTMeYeHBI
Toxapckue
A
aa oasi
VIII
Kslacca
H
Toxapckue
B
na ompi
X
Ksacca,
KOTOpbIM
CBOiCTBeHHBI
(COOTBETCTBEH-
HO)
cydukcnl
-nds-,
-ndis-
u
ndisk-,
-ndsk-.
Cp.
ox.
A yd -
‘kyna eca’
—
yd ndssi
(In .),
wal
—
‘ymupa s’
—
waillds é
(<*wdil-ndis- é )
u .
1.;
Tox.
B
yap-
‘Bxo-
AuTb’
—
ydnmaskau
(<*ydp-naskau),
paék-
‘Hamepesa sca’
—
pdknds- a ,
kam-
“mpuxogu s’
—
kdnmassdm
(nm
<mn),
éim-
‘poxya eca’
—
dnmas é
(nm
<mn)
HT.
.,
He
TOBOpaA
O
pae
aa osoB
c
HCXOOM
KopHa
Ha
-n:
klin-
“qoaxKeHncTBO-
Ba h’
—
klinassdm,
aun-
‘waunna e’
(B
med.)
—
aunas a ,
pin-
‘yb’
—
pinasle
(Ge .
I),
in-
‘oc apan s’
—
inas d ,
sain-
‘3amuua bca’
—
sainasken d
u
T.1.22.
Unenu-
MOCTb
9TOTO
TOXAapcKO O
(bupMaHTa
-nds-
(-nds-),
-ndsk-
(-ndsk-)
o6ecneuuBae -
CH
HaJIHYHeM
pAjla
MpeseHTHbIX
OCHOB,
KOTOPbIe
XAPaKTePH3YIOTCA
AHIb
OJHHM
43
ABYX
YKa3aHHbIX
POPMaHTOB
HIM
3TH
(POPMAHTbI
BXOAAT
B
HHBIe
co eTaHHs.
Jloc aTouHo
HanOMHHTb
Takue,
HallpuMep,
KJlaccbl,
Kak
Tox.
B
VIII
(-s-
:
-s-):
e -
:
e sdm,
aip-:
aiypsem,
kal-:
kdlsdém,
kau-:
kausdim
u
T.1.;
IX
(-sk-
:
-ss-):
yam-:
yamaskau,
we-
:
weskau,
ai-:
aiskau
Wi
T.1.;
XI
(-s-...sk-
:
-s...ss-):
auk-:
auksdssd™m,
u( wd-):
wassdm
wu
7.11.
(cMewen e
Kaccos
VIII
u
IX),
¢
ogHoli
cTo-
poubl,
4
KMaccb
VIL
(HocoBoi
uHcbuKe)
:
ka k-:
kd ankdm,
pik-:
pihkam
u
T.n0.;
VI
(-na-)
:
dlp-
:
alpanam,
ap-:
apanam
w
1.01.;
XI
(-Aa-)
:
kdsk-
:
kéiska i ii é ,
klan s-:
klan sani i
.0.,
c
Apy ol
c opousi.
B
cpe e
3THx
oTHOMIeHHi
chopMH-
popaHHe
Kslacca
X
B
ToxapcKom
B
(mu
Kaacca
VIII
B
Toxapckom
A)
nonyuyae
ucuepnbipaiouee
OO
bACHEHHE.
*}
Q7o
mpasuo
chopmyzupopano
B.
A.
J[siGo,
cm.
e o
c a bi0:
Yzapenue
caasancKo o
aa ona
W
cbopMbI
cTapocuaBancKo o
aopuc a,
—
,,Kpa kHe
Coo6uyenus
Muc a y a
Caapsno-
Begqenua“,
Baim.
30,
M.,
1961,
c p.
33—38.
*2
Cm.
W.
K ause,
Wes ocha ische
G amma ik,
Bd.
1,
Das
Ve bum,
Heidelbe g,
1952,
cTp.
96
w
cneq.;
W.
K ause,
W.
Thomas,
Tocha isches
Elemen a buch,
Bd.
1,
G amma ik,
Heidelbe g,
1960,
c p.
214;
E.
Sieg,
E.
Siegling,
W.
Schulze,
Tocha ische
G amma ik,
Be -
lin,
1931,
e p.
357
w
caeg.
159
Hac oamee
Bpema
Aopuc
Hac osmee
spemsa
Eq.
4.
1
a.
damo
dax®
duomi
2
a.
dasi
das ®,
da
duosi**
3
m
das s
das ®,
da
duos i,
duos
7s.
4.
1
a.
(da é)
daxo é
duo a
2
a.
das a
das a
duos a
3
a.
das e,
das a
das e,
das a
duos i,
duos
Mu.
4.
1
a.
dame
daxoms
duome
2
a.
das e
das e
duos e
3
a.
dade o
dase
duos i,
duos
B
sToM
conocTameHHH
3ac1y2KHBal0T
BHUMaHHa
npexye
Bce o
(ec
HCxo-
AUTb
U3
NoOcTaBeHHOl
B
STOH
CTATbe
3aqayM)
Be
OCOeHHOCTH:
BO-MepBbIX,
TAK
CKa3aTb,
OMOHHMHYHOCTE
-s -
(cp.
-s ®
KaK
OKOHUAHHE
B 3
a.
en.4.,
das o
—
da
-s a
80
2-om
JHUe
AB.
4.
KaK
pesysbTAT
NepeKogupoBKH...
d- a,
cp.
ide a
umn
si ka a,
B
-s a
u
N0J.);
BO-BTOpbIX,
Kpoce-TeMMOpa/IbHOCTb
9TOFO
-s -
(cp.
das a,
2-e
u
3-e
Muyo
mpesenca
H
aopuc a),
Jalomlad
ocHoBaHHe
—
Hapsyy
cO
MHO HMH
APy uMu
—
AAA
PCKOHCTPYKUMH
COCTOAHHA
JO
BbIeIeHHA
CHCTeMbI
BpeMeH
M3
KOHTHHYYMAa
HHBIOHKTHBHBIX
OPM,
4TO,
BAAMMO,
OcOGeHHO
peambHO
AIA
OanTuiicko o
aa oma.
Hakoneu,
cyujecTBeHHO
3aMeTHTb,
YTO
B
MpHBeLeHHBIX
Tlapaqu Max
-s -
cocpeqoTouBaeTcs
B
(popMax
HMeHHO
2- o
Hu
3- o
wHIa.
Tlocnegquee,
0
Yem
cueqyeT
cKasaTb,
OOcyxKAaA
BONpoc
O
BOBMeYeHHH
-s -
B
CHCTeMY
NoKa3aTeJeli
mpeseuca
B
OanTHiickoM,
—
9TO
yKasaHue
passuuuii
B
yc-
JIOBHAX
MOABMCHHA
-S -
TAM,
Pe
OHO
BLICTYyNaeT
Kak
(pleKcusA
(XeTTCKHIi
HAM
TO-
xapckuii),
H
TaM,
Te
OHO
aBaAeTca
OcHOBoo6pasy1omjHM
cbopMaHToM
(6anTuHiicKHe
asbik ).
B
neppom
cayyae
9ToMy
-s -
Bce ga
mpequiec aye
aacnas
(cp.
a -
niS a,
pahhas a,
daix a;
§dla@s a,
wo kas ;
das ®
u
11o.),
Bo
BTOPOM
—
Bce ya
co-
aacuas
(cp.
alps a,
dpks a
u
non.).
I o
pasauaue
B
YCuIOBHAX
JOJDKHO
OpI0
pe-
WalolMM
O6pasoM
cKasaTbCA
Ha
Jasbuelimel
cyzb6e
-s -
B
SanTulicKoM:
OHO
He
MOTO
OcTaBaTbca
PuleKcueli,
MOCKObKY
B
9TOM
CuyYae
KOHeUHAA
co macuas
KOpHA
H
-s -
OOpas0BbiBalH
Obl
TpeXKOHCOHaHTHBIe
LeMOuKH,
saBepulalome
cuO-
BO:
...
p-s ,
...k-s ,
... -s
u
T.1.
CTpykTYypbl
2Ke
THNa
...a-s
HO.
npakTHyeckH
OTCYTCTBOBANIH
(HCKM104aA
OTJEJbHbIe
NPHMepbI
H3
aTeMaTHUeCKOTO
cnpsKeHHaA,
Te
K
TOMY
Ke
YETKO
OLLyWlalacb
CBASb
-s-
c
-d-,
cp.
klies ,
3-e
mMuO
e1.4.
OT
kliedé i;
nusés
o
nusédé i,
gies
o
giedo i
u
n103,).
Pasymee es,
Bompoc
0
-s -
KaK
NOKazaTene
mpeseHTHLIX
OCHOB
HEOTIeAUM
OT
BOMpOCa
O
IIPOH3BOAHOM
CIIpsKeHHH
Ta owoB
Ha
-s y i
(ba s } i:
beF i,
di s-
y i
:
di i,
ddigs y i
:
dieg i
u
noy.)",
cp.
TunonO MyecKH
cxogHOe
UCTOMb30Ba-
HHe
-s-
id
OOpazoBaHUA
NpeseHca
HIM
aOpHcTa,
c
OAHOM
CTOpoNBI,
H
MIpousBOy-
Ho o
cipsmKeHHuA
(LesHAepa TuB),
¢
Apy oli
cTopousi,
B
ApeBHeunuiicKom.
Xa-
PakTepHO,
4TO
B
NpPOMSBOAHOM
CIps>KeHHH
-s -
MOET
NPHCOeAMHATECA
HK
Tac-
Holi
B
Ucxoge
KopHa
(klés y i
:
kl6 i,
k dus y i:
k du i,
kdus y i
:
kéu i
«
T.11.),
TO
NPOTHBONOCTaBAAeT
STOT
KPyF
CPopM
Mpe3seHTHbIM
OCHOBAM
C
TeM
2Ke
37IeMeH-
ToM**
H
TeM
CaMBIM
JaeT
JONOMHUTeNbHBIe
OCHOBAHHA
JIA
onpesxeneHua
meppo-
*
Cp.
B
,[loc aaae“
Jlayxum:
duosi,
duos i,
duos ,
—
op i,
MpeAc aBasiomue
ocobpiii
MHTepec
B
CBASH
CO
CNaBAHCKHMH
Napanneasmn.
45
Cm.
P.
Ska dZius,
Op.
ci .,
ce p.
537-539;
J.
O ebski,
Op.
ci .,
.
2,
e p.
388—390
aT.
q.
“
Cp.
Tawxe
oObuMyio
nepexoquoc b
(Han
BOSBpaTHOCTb)
ia ooB
Ha
-s y i.
166

Ha anbHEIx
ycnoBHi
AudbpepenunauHH
sTHX
AByx
THnoBY’.
Hy2HO
Mona aTb,
YTO
H
Tla ouibl
Ha
-so i,
BbIPa KaloulHe
Hew
AHTeNbHOCTH™,
TakxKe
PaseAIOT
pA
O6mux
YepT
Kak
C
y2xKe
Ha3BAaHHbIMH
THMAMH,
TaK
H
Cc
Apy HMH
cojepxKalllMMH
dopan
-s-,
HO
32e@cb
He
paccMaTpuHBaempimu.
YauTbipan
Bce
9TH
OOpasoBaHnAa
HM
MOMHA
O
HepeAKHX
B
HCTOPHH
OasTHcKO O
ia oma
npoweccax
H3MeHeHHA
paMMaTH¥ecKO o
H
CeMaHTHYeCKO O
cTaTyCca
OAHOTO
HM
TOTO
xe
3BYKOBOTO
9Je-
MeHTa
HJIH
UX
KoMMeKca*,
—
MOxKHO
HajleATbCA
Ha
MocTemeHHoe
pemeHHe
BCe O
Kpy a
Mpo6/leM,
CBAZAHHBIX
C
MPOHCXO*eHHEM
Ta OsbHbIx
(opM
c
371eMeHTOM
-s-,
B
YacTHocTH,
-s -.
Jle anu
o6mlei
KapTHHbI
NpeACKasaTb
TpyHO,
HO
BCe
TO,
YTO
MOKa
H3BECTHO
H3
OGAACTH
OTHOCHTeNbHOM
XPOHOMOTHH
SBOMIOWMH
OasTHii-
CKO O
Pla oula,
KAKeTCA,
CKJIOHACT
K
MpeANoowKeHHIO,
YTO
POpMHpoBaHHe
pAa
S-OBbIX
(OPM
Tyla osla
HW
Mpexke
Bce O
OCHOB
C
3JIEMeHTOM
-S -
MIPpOHCXOAHIO
B
CYUleCTBEHHO
HHBIX
YCJIOBHAX,
YeM
CXOHbIe ABNeHHA
B
OONbIUMHCTBe
Apy ux
WBgoepponelickux
s3bIKOB,
a
HMCHHO
MPH
HasMyHH
THMOJOTHYeCKH
Gosee
pak-
Hei
cuTyaiun.
Kakopa
Obiia
9Ta
CHTYauHA,
T. e.
KaKHM
HaO6opoM
paMMaTuHue-
CKHX
KaTe opHii
H
OTJebHEIX
PpaMMeM
OHA
ONpeledsANach,
—CKa3aTb
NOKa
TpyA-
no.
Bonee
To o,
B
HaCTOALee
BpeMA
9TA
HEACHOCTb
COCTABJIACT
OCHOBHOE
MIpe-
NATCTBHE
JIA
HHTepMpeTalluH
sHayeHHil,
HeKOTa
CBASAHHBIX
c
-s -.
ConocTaBaaAa
OanTHiickHe
ia oubl
Ha
-s (a)
c
MeqHambHOol
opMoi
3- o
Mila
e .
¥.
CHTMAaTH-
yecko o
aopuc a,
K.
®.
Moxanccou
Obi
mpaB
AMIIb
B
TOM
OTHOUIeHHH,
4TO
B
NpHHUHNe
HB
KOHeYHOM
C¥eTe
STH
ABa
PopMaHTa
cONOCTaBHMBI.
Vi
s em
He
MeHee
H3
STOO
3aKWIOUeHHA
HHKaK
He
cyleLyeT,
YTO
BOSHHKHOBeHHEe
6aJiT.
-s (a)
mpenona ae
Ha e
B
CHCTeMe
aopHicTa
(CH MaTH4eCKO O)
HH
CpeqHe o
gaulo a
THMa
ApesHe peyecKo o
WI
ApeBHeHHAHiicKo o
(HM
KaKHX-1H60
ApyTHx
KOHKpeTHEIX
(popM,
OODSACHAIOMIMX
9TO
- -:
IPHYacTHs
Ha
- o-,
Ta oububle
h eK-
CHu
Ha
- ha,
OCHOBa
YKa3aTeIbHOTO
MecTOHMeHHA
*- o-,
THI
OCHOB
Ha
- o
Bpoze
na .
plec o
:
explicd e,
np.- pes.
méx o
:
méxw,
XETTCK.
man -
:
Mp.- ped.
pé o
H
Mo].).
47
BecbMa
noKasaTenbHO
@OpMaMbHOe
TOXKAECTBO
TAaKHX
TeHETHYCCKH
POACTBEHHBIX
COB,
Kak
AHT.
m@s o
‘on
AyMae ’,
‘oH
pa3MbilaseT’
(H3
*man-s d,
cp.
mas y i
:
many i
:
mi i,
Cp.
P.
Ska dzius,
Op.
ci .,
c p.
538),
Be.
a-mami-s a
(cp.
a-mami-sa a)
‘oH
AyMan’,
aBecT.
mqs a
“OH
nyMas’
(*man-s a),
TIpH
TOM,
ITO
-s a
B
HHJOHPaHCKAX
MpHMepaX
He
MOET
ObITb
CBAZAHO
C
JT.
-s a
10
3Ha eHHio.
4
Cp.
uTepaTHBHBIe
aa odbl
Ha
-sa
B
Hepo aMduyecKoM
XeTTCKOM:
pipas(a)-
“qaBaTp’
o
pi(a)-
|
pa-
‘xaTb’,
aias(a)-
‘o6pama eca
c
yem-1H60’
oT
aia-
‘yena e’
(cp.
-s(a)-
B
ayBuii-
CKOM)
H
T.. NpH
OTCyTCTBHH—B
OTAHUHE
OT
XeTTCKO O
—
cydiukca
-sk-.
BecbMa
HHTepeCHbI
B
9TOii
CBASH
XOTaH-cakcKHe
ma ombl
C
Cy@PuKcoM
-s-
(BOSBOAHMBIM
K
OOMeHPaHCKOMy
-Sa-,
Kak
Toma aio ,
u3
*-ske-/*-sko*),
OOnaqalolHe
HHTPaH3HTHBHO-HHXOATHBHBIM
3Hau eHHeM
(KaK
H
Oan uiickue
aa ouni
Ha
-s a),
cp.
s as-
‘oc aBaTbcs’:
s a-
‘cToaTs’,
pa s-
‘ocBo6oxKAaTbca’:
pa ij-
‘c lacaTb’
MW
T.n.;
CXOQHbIi
THM
OTMeueH
H B
Wy HaHcKkoM.
3
Apy ux
(pakTOB
XOTaH-CaKC-
KO O
Si3biKa
CP.
OCHOBBI
-s a
THNa
Sah-
:
Sis a
“ocHaulaTb’,
pyil-:
pyiis a
“cubuaTb’
H
NOL.,
MpH-
uem
s
cBa3aHO
¢
cooTseTcTBYIOMel
Co macHoli
B
HCxoge
KopHs
(cp.
TakxKe
bai-
:
bas a
“cBASEI-
BaTb’,
43
*bad-
u,
Kpome
To o,
MpHuacTHa
npomieque o
Bpemenu
Ha
-s a).
Cp.
JI.
T.
Tep-
nexu6ep ,
Xo aw-caxcknii
a3nK,
M.,
1965.
49
PasyMeeTcs,
TO
Ke
MOXKHO
CKa3aTb
H
O
pale
APy HX
ASHIKOB.
CM.
O
BOSHHKHOBEHHH
-S
Bo
(baexcuu
3- o
ana
eq.
4.
H
Blaopuc e:
C.
Wa kins,
Indo-Eu opean’
O igins
o
Cel ic
Ve b,
cp.
90
H
caeg.,
cp.
e o
xe,
Indoge manische
G amma ik,
Bd,
III,
c p.
53
u
caeg.