Daiva Aliūkaitė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepaitienė, Laura Geržotaitė. „Kalbos variantiškumas ir jo vertinimas perceptyviosios dialektologijos požiūriu: variantų ir vietų vaizdiniai“

Articles by Articles 259 DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ Klaipėdos universitetas The directions of scientific research are: Baltic studies, geolinguistics, history of action words. It is also known as the "Golden Triangle" or the "Golden Triangle" or the "Golden Triangle" or the "Golden Triangle". Varieties of speech I and VALUE Perceptions and attitudes From the point of view of dialectics: VARIANT and VIET Family members This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Vilnius: Published by the University of Vilnius, 2017, p. 326. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The reviewed monograph is an unusual event in Lithuanian history. An innovative quantitative and qualitative study of Lithuanian language varieties, based on the assessment of members of the common language community, provides new data for the inventory, interpretation, development and prospective disclosure of language varieties. First of all, the selection of global linguistic literature stands out - it is based on the most important works of linguistic variation and perceptual dialectology, critically exploiting the theoretical provisions and practices of the most prominent linguistic schools. The monograph, as the numbering indicates, consists of six parts of different scope. Part 5 consists of only six pages, and Part 6 contains the conclusions, so perhaps it would have been more accurate to combine these sections and present them as a single conclusion. It should be noted that chapter 5 The interpretation of the visual and substantive dimension in language variance studies clearly summarises the results of the study. Chapter 1, which is entitled "Introduction", provides an understanding of linguistic variation, distinguishing the two most important expressions of variation DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ 260 […] Variants and images of places in the LXXVIII category of the Acta Linguistica Lithuanica. The aim of the project is to "explore the geolinguistic competence of the members of the common language community, which is understood by the authors of the monograph as the knowledge and ability to recognize the variability of a language and connect it with different areas of geography." (2) social variables (i.e. social variables); and 3) cultural (i.e. cultural variables with cultural dimensions) […] (20 p.). At first glance, the […]ephemeral[…] desire is reliably measured in sequential steps […] to formulate tasks to ensure a successful study: to develop the study methodology, to establish the selection criteria for the study and the research regions, and to carry out the study using the resulting geolinguistic competence model. The monograph was substantially prepared as a result of the project "The place of the common Lithuanian language on the mental map of the Lithuanian language" (led by Prof. Dr. Daiva Aliukaitė) carried out at the Faculty of Kaunas of Vilnius University with the funds of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language in 2014-2016. So she gained a variety of experience, learned from her own successes and mistakes. More than 1400 young people were taken into custody. It was decided to study the verbalized and visualized linguistic provisions, in other words, the geolinguistic competence, of a fairly large contingent of 15-19 year old high school students and students, in ten Lithuanian areas, which best represent traditional Lithuanian dialects, and the new dialects of the 21st century: the northern dialects were represented by the Kretinga, Plungės and Mažeiki dialects, the eastern dialects by the Biržai and the western dialects by the Vilkaviški dialects. Even the most difficult to investigate are the transitional geolects of Šiauliai, Kupiškio and Ukmergė. The second chapter of the monograph "Language variation from the point of view of perceptual dialectology" presents a critical retrospective from rural to urban dialectology, from traditional to dynamic and perceptual dialectology, a dialect-oriented paradigm that has allowed the creation of an innovative research methodology. Perceptual studies are grouped chronologically into stages before and after Denis R. Preston's book Perceptual Dialectology (Preston 1989), many of whose provisions are based on contemporary linguistics. Along with the methodology, a qualified translation or accommodation of the term with correspondence in other languages is also presented. It is expected that it will be naturally absorbed by other Lithuanian researchers and easily "converted" into an international context. The study is based on Dennis R. Preston's five-component model of perceptual inquiry, which consists of several tasks: a pencil map of variants, an assessment of the regularity and attractiveness of variants, a distinction between variants, a recognition of dialects, a conceptual assessment (Preston 1999), and the essence and value of these tasks. To study the variability of the Lithuanian language Daiva Aliūkaitė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepaitienė, Laura Geržotaitė Kalbos variantiškumas ir jo vertinimas perceptyviosios dialektologijos požiūriu: variantų ir vietų vaizdiniai In a new study, the researchers developed a complex questionnaire model that visualizes and verbalizes the geolinguistic competence of the respondent. Chapters 3 and 4 of the monograph are devoted to the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the data obtained. In the third chapter, "Subjective models of Lithuanian language variation: conceptualization of the spoken language and visual mapping of mental language variation", the visual discourse of regional Lithuanian language variation is developed. Firstly, the sociolinguistic portrait of the representative of the language is discussed from the questionnaires. It is led by Fumio Inoue's Valuable Words (Inoue 1999) and Peter Garretto, Angie Williams, and Betsy Evans's Valuable Words Techniques (Garrett, Williams, Evans) principles, and was prepared by the Valuable Words Network in 2005. The survey data showed that the main characteristics of the representative of the language are related to the region and the place of residence, age, respect for the past, language, etc. The visual interface with NORM (Chambers, Trudgill 2004) reveals the figurative provisions that the spoken language is a sign of the world that has passed. However, as detailed verbally and especially visually demonstrated in the monograph, such conceptualization at different points is of uneven intensity. Analysis of mental maps and their comments revealed the imaginable landscape of dialects, showed prototypical zones of dialectality. The computer program Gabmap (Nerbonne et al. 2011) shows in systematic maps the conceptualization of the native language of different dialects and points, the images of the dialect zones, the descriptions of linguistic features, which show a fairly good geolinguistic competence. It would be interesting to compare the maps of the meanings of different points […] to highlight the native action of the language in the investigative provisions. In addition, the maps of the differences (Figure 70) are commented on in more detail. Not only would it be meaningful to explain the lines on the maps, i.e. what the lines connecting darker or lighter areas indicate, but it would also be meaningful to consider why it is precisely these areas of spatial variation that are formed in the images being studied. Examples of pencil maps show that a large part of them are subject to commentary […] mentioning the signs of the marking of the territory in one area or another (correct, understandable, beautiful or ugly, etc.). The analysis of those characteristics would have greatly enriched the study of the prototypical zones of range. The maps showed the different classification of the territories the dominating dvinar (land elevations) and the keturana (land elevations, low-lying areas and so on) (known, recorded and so on). It has been observed that the young people surveyed tend to switch to the quadratic classification, and the reasons for this shift are indicated: the influence of the classification of ethnographic regions, the unequal distribution of land and highlands and other historical environments. DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ 262 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVIII (Linguistic Act of Lithuania) was adopted by the Lithuanian Parliament. In the fourth chapter, "Subjective models of Lithuanian language variation: conceptualization of the common language and imaging mapping of mental language variation", a sociolinguistic portrait of the representative of the common language constructed on a geolinguistic basis aims to show the difference between the conceptualization of the common language in the highlands and the lowlands. The same meaningful words, associations, technique to determine the three most important features of the portrait of the representative of the common language […] education, identity of the city, regular language (pastor rečiau). Another important aspect that shows the different conceptualization of the language of the upper and lower classes, […] modernity, reinforcing the stereotypical opposition […]tarmy […] past, the oldest generation version of the language […] present, the younger generation version […] (192 p.). This is a clear upper boundary, and the younger lowlanders do not associate the common language with modernity […] this is associated with the liveliness of the lowland dialect. There are no significant differences between the representations of the common language of the younger upper classes and the lower classes. The Tyrene recorded that the common language spoken by the lowlanders was treated as a stranger. The hand maps showed the localization images of the common language. Common language areas are usually associated with major centers, regional centers or even a linguistic homeland. The common language is most often associated with the western part of Lithuania, less often with the central or eastern part of Lithuania. According to the survey, young people in all points are most likely to identify with the common language area in Vilnius and Kaunas, less often in Klaipėda. Interestingly, the researchers concluded that the most prototypical common language zones are located in the areas that are least identified with the language zones. In the brief fifth chapter The value of image and dimension of provisions in language variability studies it is stated that the survey of Lithuanian students' provisions is representative from the point of view of the samples collected by the researchers. As I have already mentioned, all the ideas listed here could naturally be incorporated into conclusions that consistently present the common language and terminology of ordinary speakers and their main characteristics. It turned out that the most important characteristics of the common language are education and localization (large cities […] Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda). Mental maps showed that the most prototypical zones of territoriality are located in the new territorial structures […] Plunges, Kretingas, Mažeiki geolect (land areas) Biržų, Varėnos geolect (land areas) and regional geolect centres […] Telšiuose, Šiauliuose, Panevėžyje, Alytuje, other cities […] Rietave, Skuode. The results of the study show that the geolinguistic competence of young people in Lithuanian gymnasiums and secondary schools is sufficient. Such an assessment is most based on pencil maps, which show that members of the younger generation of the language community are intuitively able to distinguish between strongly, moderately and weakly demarcated zones. Daiva Aliūkaitė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepaitienė, Laura Geržotaitė Kalbos variantiškumas ir jo vertinimas perceptyviosios dialektologijos požiūriu: variantų ir vietų vaizdiniai Reviews by 263 Modern quantitative and statistical methods increase the reliability and objectivity of the study. The dialectometry method is a computer program developed by Gab map to qualitatively and quantitatively summarize the control points prototype language and common language usage zone maps, the statistical method to compile maps of values reflecting the significance of all areas in terms of language, maps of differences or networks showing the degree of language, cluster maps and dendrograms […] the monograph is visualized in 174 images! In addition to all the other positive aspects, the subject and formal unity and consistency of the monograph is noteworthy, which was not easy for the four talented scientists to achieve. On the contrary, the researchers of different times combined their experience and competences into a unified rich fabric. A modern, high-quality, precise study is another cornerstone in the Lithuanian geolinguistic house, naturally entering the linguistic space of the world. LITERATŪRA Chambers Jack K., Trudgill Peter 2004: Dialectology. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Garrett Peter, Williams Angie, Evans Betsy 2005: Accessing Social Meanings: Values of Keywords, Values in Keywords. – Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics 37(1), 37–54. Inoue Fumio 1999: Classification of Dialects by Image: English and Japanese. – Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology 1, eds. Dennis R. Preston. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 147–160. Nerbonne John, Colen Rinke, Gooskens Charlotte, Kleiweg Peter, Leinonen Therese 2011: Gabmap – A Web Application for Dialectology. – Dialectologia Special Issue II. Preston Dennis R. 1989: Perceptual Dialectology: Nonlinguists’ Views of Areal Linguistics. Dordrecht: Foris. Preston Dennis R. 1999: Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology 1, eds. Dennis R. Preston. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Delivered on 30 June 2018 DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ Klaipėdos universitetas The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation.