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CONCEPTUAL INTERVENTIONS INTO THE FERME ORNÉE
CHATEAU KAČINA NEAR KUTNÁ HORA
Klá a PALÁNOVÁ1
1Depa men o A chi ec u e, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, VŠB – Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Lud íka Podéš ě
1875/17, 708 33 Os a a – Po uba, Czech Republic
kla a.palan[email p o ec ed]
DOI: 10.35181/ ces-2020-0009
Abs ac . The empi e s yle cha eau Kačina nea Ku ná
Ho a is being used as a museum o ag icul u e and hus
is no a e y a ac i e ou is des ina ion. The manage
o he es a e app oached he s uden s o A chi ec u e and
enginee ing, om he ci il enginee ing Facul y a VŠB-
TU in Os a a, o c ea e concep ual designs o
in e en ion in o he o namen al es a e, o Fe me o née
which p ese e he signi ican his o ical con ex o he
p emises. The pape p esen s he p ocess o app oaching
a solu ion o he assignmen and a aches ele an
ou pu s.
Keywo ds
Fe me o née, o namen al a m, embellished a m,
Kačina, Ku ná Ho a
1. In oduc ion
The e m o namen al a m o embellished a m (Fe me
o née) was i s speci ied in he yea 1715 in he li e a y
olume o S ephen Swi hze The nobleman, gen leman
and ga dene 's ec ea ion. [1,2] The o namen al a m is a
coun y es a e, which is pa o a wo ked landscape,
which con ains a se o buildings o i s managemen and
s ems om he desi e o he 18. cen u y man o he
coun yside and pas o al sa e y [2], in e ms o
unde s anding he o iginal ag icul u al homes eads o olk
a chi ec u e, which “…embodied comple e in eg i y,
ancho ing in place, connec ion wi h esou ces, human
alues and sa is ac ion o a che ypal human needs. [3, p.
35]
Re e ing o a book by Vi u ius Mo a icus, Ondřej
Za loukal desc ibes h ee sou ces o he idea o he
o namen al es a e, which la e become in e connec ed
du ing he i s hal o he 18 h cen u y. The i s idea
comes om he open English coun yside, he second
om he I alian illas, especially And ey Palladia, which
a e p opo ionally pe ec ha monious u al buildings se
in he coun yside, which i sel becomes he ga den. The
hi d inspi a ion is F ance, whe e, unlike he idealized
I alian landscape, i ep esen s a speci ic ype o a m,
s ic ly sepa a ed om i s su oundings. In some cases o
buil s uc u es o his ype, he esul is almos s a age
a chi ec u e, which does no ul il i s unc ion.
The pa k o he Kačina Empi e cha eau nea Ku ná
Ho a, ounded in 1789 (be o e he cons uc ion o he
Cho ek amily esidence om 1806-24) [4], is a
signi ican example o he idea o e me o née in he
Czech Republic. The cha eau pa k is sepa a ed om he
pas u es by he mos well-p ese ed ha-ha di ches in he
Czech Republic, which p e en mo emen bu no he
iew o he landscape. The ag icul u ally used land and
buildings o m an in eg al pa o he pa k, i s aes he ic
componen , along wi h wo king people and g azing
animals. I is a unique na u al landscape pa k which
includes bo h aes he ically signi ican pa k scene y wi h
axial composi ions wi h is as, subs an ial ees, bu also
small buildings, i.e. pa ilions and gazebos as well as
a med a eas: ields, meadows, pas u es wi h g azing
sheep, pheasan y and a ineya d. The idyllic landscape is
complemen ed by idealized u al buildings. Indi idual
dis an elemen s in he landscape a e connec ed o a
cen e o g a i y, i.e. he cha eau, by ou - ow o wo- ow
colonnades o ui o non- ui ees. Fields and
meadows become an o namen al elemen he e. Nume ous
ese oi s se e no only o ish b eeding bu a e an
impo an pa o he landscape o pa k.
Unlike Vel usy es a e, which also belonged o he
Cho ek amily, he a ea o he cha eau Kačina was ne e
comple ed. O e wo cen u ies, some landscape ea u es
ga e way o ano he sys em o ag icul u al managemen .
The small a chi ec u al objec s si ua ed in he pa k also
disappea ed.
A p esen , he cha eau and adjacen a m buildings
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a e used by he Na ional Museum o Ag icul u e, which is
in e es ed in using he p emises, he su ounding pa k and
he su ounding landscape o s udy and ou is pu poses
in he u u e. Fo his pu pose, he manage s app oached
eache s and s uden s o A chi ec u e and Ci il
Enginee ing a he Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing o he
Technical Uni e si y o Os a a and asked hem o c ea e
concep ual in e en ions in o he e me o née o he
Kačina Cha eau nea Ku ná Ho a.
2. Me hods and aim
S uden s led by p o . Pe H ůša, doc. Ma ina Peřinko á
and D . Klá a F olíko á Paláno á i s isi ed he
cha eau. In o de o acquain he sel wi h he his o y, he
cu en s a e and si ua ion o he building, he manage
conduc ed a local su ey o he building i sel , he pa k,
and ela ed a m ea u es in he icini y. The esul s o he
local su ey we e hen compa ed wi h his o ical maps
and p ese ed documen a ion. The indings, objec s and
elemen s o landscape design we e g ouped in o se e al
ca ego ies. The i s con ained objec s and elemen s ha
we e o iginally planned, bu we e ne e buil o
comple ed ( o example, he in e io o he cha eau chapel
and some gazebos and pa ilions in he pa k a ea). The
nex ca ego y consis ed o objec s and elemen s ha ha e
been buil bu ha e no been p ese ed o da e (such as
some ou bu also wo ows o ess, o pa s he eo ,
many o he nume ous ese oi s and a ineya d gazebo,
emple, e c.). The inal ca ego y consis ed o objec s and
elemen s ha ha e been implemen ed and a e s ill used
oday due o egula main enance ( he cha eau i sel ,
whe e he o iginal ep esen a i e ooms we e es o ed in
he 1990s), elemen s ha ha e been es o ed, such as
ineya ds, and hen objec s and elemen s , which need
in e en ion in e ms o poo cons uc ion- echnical
condi ion, o inapp op ia e unc ion (objec o a ming
acili ies, conse a o y and ca iage house nea he no h
side o he cha eau).
Fig. 1: Si e plan - he ou pu o analyses wi h dema ca ions o
exis ing and nonex an objec s and landscape elemen s. This d awing
hen se ed as a basis o he e alua ion o wha s uden s we e o ocus
on in hei indi idual assignmen s. (sou ce: s uden wo k o K is ýna
Raszko á and Da id Ju ačka [5])
The esul s o he analyses a e depic ed on he his o ical
map o he locali y, see Fig. 1, whe e he p esen ,
p ese ed, bu also nonex an places a e ma ked. I was
he speci ica ion o cul u al-his o ical alues ha se ed
as a basis o he indi idual assignmen s ha he s uden s
ocused on in he coming mon hs.
The aim was o de elop he possibili ies and se ices
o he ag icul u al museum and o aise he in e es o
ou is s h ough hese concep ual in e en ions in o he
cu en s a e o he o iginal o namen al es a e.
3. Own wo k and esul s
The building which was o unde go econs uc ion and
change o pu pose was a coach house and conse a o y
si ua ed nea he no h wing o he cha eau. Behind his
building he e was a he b ga den, which had he s ic
geome ic composi ion o F ench ga dens. I was hidden
om iew om he Kačina cha eau by a wall in o de o
sepa a e he u ili y pa om he su ounding landscape
[2]. The building is U-shaped. I s ya d is closed by a wall
wi h a ga e, which is placed on an axis, bu he g ound
plan shape o he building only pa ially suppo s i . The
sou he n pa o he building doesn’ seem o i he
o iginal concep , acco ding o su eys i was addi ionally
added along wi h he ou da ed g eenhouse. This ex ension
hid he gable o he coach house and a he same ime i
p e en ed en y in o he he b ga den. Howe e , he
o e all concep o he o iginal pa o he building
oge he wi h he main ga e and he b ga den jus i ies he
exis ence o he sou h wing, which comple es and closes
he o e all composi ion. The s uden s wo ked on he
design o p ecisely his wing and he o e all con e sion
o he objec . The concep ual u u e pu pose o he
building was o become a s udy cen e o he museum
wi h he possibili y o wo kshops and accommoda ion.
Ch is ian No be Schulz, in his book Genius Loci, claims
ha since ancien imes man has needed mo e han his
biological unc ions, he needs places illed wi h meaning
ha help one o g asp he place, which is an in eg al pa
o exis ence. [6] Wi h ega ds o his iew, mos e o
was de o ed o he o e all g asping o he olume o he
added wing in he con ex o such a s ong and dis inc i e
classical a chi ec u e. Since i is no possible o simply
eplica e he no h wing and, gi en he con ex , e en
hink o any con empo a y asse i e exp ession, s uden s
sough o combine con empo a y a chi ec u e wi h he
phenomenon o classical beau y acco ding o he
ollowing idea o Pe H ůša: con empo a y changes…
can s ill s em om, o in he en i onmen o liquid
mode ni y, s em om he phenomenon o classical
beau y, whe e admi a ion a ises om p opo ionally
pe ec , ha monious pa ame e s o he building, om he
idea o a u al illa, bu also, in pa icula , om he idea
o se ing i in he open landscape, in e p e ed in Palpian
om Palladio's unde s anding o he a chi ec u al and
landscape con ex . ” [7]
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Fig. 2: Sea ching o a sui able sec ion shape o he new wing o he
a m building, in his example, he sec ion o he conse a o y was
being designed (sou ce: Da id Ju ačka's s uden wo k [8]). The design
akes ope a ional equi emen s in o accoun , i is based on he
composi ion o a symme ically i ed al eady exis ing wing, on i s
shape, and i s mass.
A simila app oach was ollowed by he s uden s in
he design o he new ineya d gazebo and he gazebo a
he emple, which we e si ua ed a o nea hei o iginal
loca ion. The loca ion was chosen acco ding o he
cu en landscape possibili ies while p ese ing he
is as, o wi h he suppo o he o iginal is as du ing
hei es o a ion. The Palladian concep [9] was also
applied in designing he gues house which is o se e he
museum's p o essional isi o s. The new building,
wi hou any e e ence o his o y, was placed in an
a bo e um on he sou h side o he cha eau pa k. I s
layou was aken om he a mhouse in he no h o he
pa k and was ew i en in o he a bo e um acco ding o
he cen al main axis o symme y, which passes h ough
he cen e o he cha eau and is suppo ed by a ee
colonnade o he eas and wes o he cha eau. Palladio's
illa appea s o be he bes model o accommoda ion due
o i s pu pose, o ien a ion and openness o all ou
ca dinal poin s, classical a chi ec u e and se ing in o he
landscape.
Fig. 3: Si ua ion o he new building o he boa ding house in he
a bo e um - see he pic u e “boa ding s udy oom” - as a mi o image
o he oo p in o he exis ing “ a mya d” (sou ce: s uden wo k o
Da id Ju ačka [8]). The building i sel , like he coun y illa o Ad ey
Palladio, will be open o all di ec ions, will be s ic ly symme ical and
i s ga den will become he exis ing a bo e um, jus as i was in he
coun yside o Palladio's illas.
Rega ding he pa k and landscape, he p oposals
included he es o a ion o he ese oi a Temple (whe e
a new gazebo was p oposed a he place o he nonex an
one) and he ese oi Mikulášský in he eas o Kačina,
which hey p opose o e-connec o he cha eau by a
ou -hund ed-me e wo- ow non- ui ee colonnade. A
he end o he ese oi , he e is o be a po and ou is
accommoda ion o suppo ou ism, and on he o he side
o he es o ed ese oi he e is a gazebo, which has
ne e been conside ed in his o y, bu logically closes he
main axis con inuing om he cha eau by he ee
colonnade, po and ese oi .
Fig. 4: Palladian concep ual design o a gazebo a Temple (sou ce:
Da id Ju ačka's s uden wo k [8]). The gazebo is op ically o ien ed
owa ds he landscape o he pa k om all sides in e ms o he galle y,
while he inne "cella" is open o all ca dinal poin s. Following he
example o an iqui y, he oo is d opped inside he layou . The gazebo
also o ms a b idge o e he ese oi ibu a y, so ha i does no c ea e
a ba ie in he place, bu also because o he symbolism o he
connec ion o he landscape and i s comple ion and consolida ion.
A simila concep is hen used in he design o he
ineya d pa ilion nea he o iginal loca ion o he
ineya d gazebo in he sou h-eas e n pa o he pa k,
which a e adjacen o ecen ly es o ed ineya ds.
The s uden s' in e en ions hus anged om
a chi ec u e o landscaping, since he o namen al es a e
canno be pe cei ed as a s ic ly delinea ed en i y.
Fig. 5: Vineya d pa ilion on he sou h side o he a bo e um (sou ce:
K is ýna Raszko á's s uden wo k [10]). The concep esponds o
classical a chi ec u e by main aining a egula hy hm o holes and
columns, i s loca ion in he landscape suppo s he symbol o he ancho .
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4. Conclusion
Analyses and subsequen s uden in e en ions
sugges possible solu ion app oaches. In any case, he
enewal o he o namen al a m is abou suppo ing he
heme o he coun yside, which by i s symbolism
ancho s he isi o in place and ime and in he
unde s anding o he oo s. In addi ion, in he con ex o
classical Empi e a chi ec u e, i is necessa y o highligh
he I alian sou ce o e me o née by e e ing o Palladian
a chi ec u e. To mee he goal o making be e use o he
g ounds o he Ag icul u al Museum and imp o ing he
ou is acili ies and awa eness, i is possible o
complemen he pa k and landscape wi h a ac i e
unc ional and symbolic loca ions such as gazebos,
pa ilions, es o ing ee colonnades wi h pedes ian.
Acknowledgemen s
The pape has been suppo ed by he p ojec o
“Concep ual de elopmen o science and esea ch
ac i i ies 2020” on he Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing,
VSB-TU Os a a.
Re e ences
[1] Swi hze , S. The nobleman, gen leman and
ga dene 's ec ea ion. Vol. II. London: Ichnog aphia
u lica, 1718. A ailable a
h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ichnog aphia us 02swi /pa
ge/n7/mode/2up. Downloaded 4. 3. 2020.
[2] Kola o a, E., Dos alo a, J., Za loukal, O. e al.
Vi u ius Mo a icus - Neoklasicis ní a is ok a ická
a chi ek u a na Mo a ě a e Slezsku po oce 1800
[Neoclassical a is oc a ic a chi ec u e in Mo a ia
and Silesia a e 1800]. K oměříž: Na ional He i age
Ins i u e. Te i o ial He i age Adminis a ion in
K oměříž, 2015. Pgs. 454.ISBN 978-80-87231-27-2
[3] DAY, CH. Duch & mís o: uzd a o ání našeho
p os ředí: uzd a ující p os ředí [Spi i & Place:
Healing Ou En i onmen : Healing En i onmen ].
1. yd. B no: ERA, 2004. 273 p. ISBN 80-86517-
95-0.
[4] POCHE, E. (eds.). Umělecké pamá ky Čech 2
[A is ic monumen s o Bohemia 2]. P ague:
Academia 1978. S . 10-11.
[5] RASZKOVÁ, K. JURAČKA, O. Con e sions in he
Kačina Cas le Complex. Os a a: VŠB-TUO,
Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, 2019. Supe iso : P.
H ůša, K. F olíko á Paláno á, M. Pe inko á.
[6] NORBERG-SCHULZ, CH. Genius loci: k ajina,
mís o, a chi ek u a [Genius loci: landscape, place,
a chi ec u e]. 2. edi ion. P ague: Dokořán, 2010,
219 pp. ISBN 978-80-7363-303-5.
[7] HRŮŠA, P. e al. Kul u a jako o ien ace a chi ek u y
z enko ské k ajiny. In Venko a územní pláno ání
[Cul u e as an o ien a ion o a chi ec u e om u al
landscape. Landscape and u ban planning]. P ague:
CTU, 2016. 112 p. ISBN 978-80-01-05908-1.
[8] JURAČKA, D. O namen al cou ya d in he Kačina
cas le complex. Os a a: VŠB-TUO, Facul y o
Ci il Enginee ing, 2019. Supe iso : P. H ůša, K.
F olíko á Paláno á, M. Pe inko á.
[9] PALLADIO, A. Č yři knihy o a chi ek uře, nichž
se po k á kém pojednání o pě i řádech a o ěch
pokynech, k e é jsou při s a ění nejnu nější,
pojedná á o souk omých domech, o ces ách, o
mos ech, o náměs ích, o xys ech a o ch ámech [Fou
books abou a chi ec u e, which, a e a b ie
discussion o he i e o de s and he mos necessa y
ins uc ions in he cons uc ion, discuss p i a e
homes, oads, b idges, squa es, xys es and emples].
P ague: S a e Publishing House o Fine Li e a u e,
Music and A , 1958.
[10] RASZKOVÁ, K. Vineya d gazebo in he cas le
complex Kačina. Os a a: VŠB-TUO, Facul y o
Ci il Enginee ing, 2020. Supe iso : P. H ůša, K.
F olíko á Paláno á, M. Peřinko á.
Abou Au ho
Klá a PALÁNOVÁ The s udy o a chi ec u e o he FA,
VUT B no and a doc o a e s udy a VŠB-Technical
Uni e si y Os a a, whe e she wo ks as an Assis an
P o esso , she uns S udio Wo ks and con ibu es o he
heo e ical lec u es in he ypology and heo ies o
a chi ec u e. The Ph.D. s udy deal wi h he aspec s o he
minimal housing; ollow-up p ojec s a e aimed a "li ing
o e e ni y" - bu ying and une al a chi ec u e.