Conceptual Interventions into the Ferme Ornee Chateau Kacina near Kutna Hora

SECTION FACILITY MANAGEMENT, MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE VOLUME: 20 | NUMBER: 1 | 2020 | JUNE © 2020 TRANSACTIONS OF VSB - TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA CIVIL ENGINEERING SERIES 50 CONCEPTUAL INTERVENTIONS INTO THE FERME ORNÉE CHATEAU KAČINA NEAR KUTNÁ HORA Klá a PALÁNOVÁ1 1Depa men o A chi ec u e, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, VŠB – Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Lud íka Podéš ě 1875/17, 708 33 Os a a – Po uba, Czech Republic kla a.palan[email p o ec ed] DOI: 10.35181/ ces-2020-0009 Abs ac . The empi e s yle cha eau Kačina nea Ku ná Ho a is being used as a museum o ag icul u e and hus is no a e y a ac i e ou is des ina ion. The manage o he es a e app oached he s uden s o A chi ec u e and enginee ing, om he ci il enginee ing Facul y a VŠB- TU in Os a a, o c ea e concep ual designs o in e en ion in o he o namen al es a e, o Fe me o née which p ese e he signi ican his o ical con ex o he p emises. The pape p esen s he p ocess o app oaching a solu ion o he assignmen and a aches ele an ou pu s. Keywo ds Fe me o née, o namen al a m, embellished a m, Kačina, Ku ná Ho a 1. In oduc ion The e m o namen al a m o embellished a m (Fe me o née) was i s speci ied in he yea 1715 in he li e a y olume o S ephen Swi hze The nobleman, gen leman and ga dene 's ec ea ion. [1,2] The o namen al a m is a coun y es a e, which is pa o a wo ked landscape, which con ains a se o buildings o i s managemen and s ems om he desi e o he 18. cen u y man o he coun yside and pas o al sa e y [2], in e ms o unde s anding he o iginal ag icul u al homes eads o olk a chi ec u e, which “…embodied comple e in eg i y, ancho ing in place, connec ion wi h esou ces, human alues and sa is ac ion o a che ypal human needs. [3, p. 35] Re e ing o a book by Vi u ius Mo a icus, Ondřej Za loukal desc ibes h ee sou ces o he idea o he o namen al es a e, which la e become in e connec ed du ing he i s hal o he 18 h cen u y. The i s idea comes om he open English coun yside, he second om he I alian illas, especially And ey Palladia, which a e p opo ionally pe ec ha monious u al buildings se in he coun yside, which i sel becomes he ga den. The hi d inspi a ion is F ance, whe e, unlike he idealized I alian landscape, i ep esen s a speci ic ype o a m, s ic ly sepa a ed om i s su oundings. In some cases o buil s uc u es o his ype, he esul is almos s a age a chi ec u e, which does no ul il i s unc ion. The pa k o he Kačina Empi e cha eau nea Ku ná Ho a, ounded in 1789 (be o e he cons uc ion o he Cho ek amily esidence om 1806-24) [4], is a signi ican example o he idea o e me o née in he Czech Republic. The cha eau pa k is sepa a ed om he pas u es by he mos well-p ese ed ha-ha di ches in he Czech Republic, which p e en mo emen bu no he iew o he landscape. The ag icul u ally used land and buildings o m an in eg al pa o he pa k, i s aes he ic componen , along wi h wo king people and g azing animals. I is a unique na u al landscape pa k which includes bo h aes he ically signi ican pa k scene y wi h axial composi ions wi h is as, subs an ial ees, bu also small buildings, i.e. pa ilions and gazebos as well as a med a eas: ields, meadows, pas u es wi h g azing sheep, pheasan y and a ineya d. The idyllic landscape is complemen ed by idealized u al buildings. Indi idual dis an elemen s in he landscape a e connec ed o a cen e o g a i y, i.e. he cha eau, by ou - ow o wo- ow colonnades o ui o non- ui ees. Fields and meadows become an o namen al elemen he e. Nume ous ese oi s se e no only o ish b eeding bu a e an impo an pa o he landscape o pa k. Unlike Vel usy es a e, which also belonged o he Cho ek amily, he a ea o he cha eau Kačina was ne e comple ed. O e wo cen u ies, some landscape ea u es ga e way o ano he sys em o ag icul u al managemen . The small a chi ec u al objec s si ua ed in he pa k also disappea ed. A p esen , he cha eau and adjacen a m buildings SECTION FACILITY MANAGEMENT, MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE VOLUME: 20 | NUMBER: 1 | 2020 | JUNE © 2020 TRANSACTIONS OF VSB - TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA CIVIL ENGINEERING SERIES 51 a e used by he Na ional Museum o Ag icul u e, which is in e es ed in using he p emises, he su ounding pa k and he su ounding landscape o s udy and ou is pu poses in he u u e. Fo his pu pose, he manage s app oached eache s and s uden s o A chi ec u e and Ci il Enginee ing a he Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing o he Technical Uni e si y o Os a a and asked hem o c ea e concep ual in e en ions in o he e me o née o he Kačina Cha eau nea Ku ná Ho a. 2. Me hods and aim S uden s led by p o . Pe H ůša, doc. Ma ina Peřinko á and D . Klá a F olíko á Paláno á i s isi ed he cha eau. In o de o acquain he sel wi h he his o y, he cu en s a e and si ua ion o he building, he manage conduc ed a local su ey o he building i sel , he pa k, and ela ed a m ea u es in he icini y. The esul s o he local su ey we e hen compa ed wi h his o ical maps and p ese ed documen a ion. The indings, objec s and elemen s o landscape design we e g ouped in o se e al ca ego ies. The i s con ained objec s and elemen s ha we e o iginally planned, bu we e ne e buil o comple ed ( o example, he in e io o he cha eau chapel and some gazebos and pa ilions in he pa k a ea). The nex ca ego y consis ed o objec s and elemen s ha ha e been buil bu ha e no been p ese ed o da e (such as some ou bu also wo ows o ess, o pa s he eo , many o he nume ous ese oi s and a ineya d gazebo, emple, e c.). The inal ca ego y consis ed o objec s and elemen s ha ha e been implemen ed and a e s ill used oday due o egula main enance ( he cha eau i sel , whe e he o iginal ep esen a i e ooms we e es o ed in he 1990s), elemen s ha ha e been es o ed, such as ineya ds, and hen objec s and elemen s , which need in e en ion in e ms o poo cons uc ion- echnical condi ion, o inapp op ia e unc ion (objec o a ming acili ies, conse a o y and ca iage house nea he no h side o he cha eau). Fig. 1: Si e plan - he ou pu o analyses wi h dema ca ions o exis ing and nonex an objec s and landscape elemen s. This d awing hen se ed as a basis o he e alua ion o wha s uden s we e o ocus on in hei indi idual assignmen s. (sou ce: s uden wo k o K is ýna Raszko á and Da id Ju ačka [5]) The esul s o he analyses a e depic ed on he his o ical map o he locali y, see Fig. 1, whe e he p esen , p ese ed, bu also nonex an places a e ma ked. I was he speci ica ion o cul u al-his o ical alues ha se ed as a basis o he indi idual assignmen s ha he s uden s ocused on in he coming mon hs. The aim was o de elop he possibili ies and se ices o he ag icul u al museum and o aise he in e es o ou is s h ough hese concep ual in e en ions in o he cu en s a e o he o iginal o namen al es a e. 3. Own wo k and esul s The building which was o unde go econs uc ion and change o pu pose was a coach house and conse a o y si ua ed nea he no h wing o he cha eau. Behind his building he e was a he b ga den, which had he s ic geome ic composi ion o F ench ga dens. I was hidden om iew om he Kačina cha eau by a wall in o de o sepa a e he u ili y pa om he su ounding landscape [2]. The building is U-shaped. I s ya d is closed by a wall wi h a ga e, which is placed on an axis, bu he g ound plan shape o he building only pa ially suppo s i . The sou he n pa o he building doesn’ seem o i he o iginal concep , acco ding o su eys i was addi ionally added along wi h he ou da ed g eenhouse. This ex ension hid he gable o he coach house and a he same ime i p e en ed en y in o he he b ga den. Howe e , he o e all concep o he o iginal pa o he building oge he wi h he main ga e and he b ga den jus i ies he exis ence o he sou h wing, which comple es and closes he o e all composi ion. The s uden s wo ked on he design o p ecisely his wing and he o e all con e sion o he objec . The concep ual u u e pu pose o he building was o become a s udy cen e o he museum wi h he possibili y o wo kshops and accommoda ion. Ch is ian No be Schulz, in his book Genius Loci, claims ha since ancien imes man has needed mo e han his biological unc ions, he needs places illed wi h meaning ha help one o g asp he place, which is an in eg al pa o exis ence. [6] Wi h ega ds o his iew, mos e o was de o ed o he o e all g asping o he olume o he added wing in he con ex o such a s ong and dis inc i e classical a chi ec u e. Since i is no possible o simply eplica e he no h wing and, gi en he con ex , e en hink o any con empo a y asse i e exp ession, s uden s sough o combine con empo a y a chi ec u e wi h he phenomenon o classical beau y acco ding o he ollowing idea o Pe H ůša: con empo a y changes… can s ill s em om, o in he en i onmen o liquid mode ni y, s em om he phenomenon o classical beau y, whe e admi a ion a ises om p opo ionally pe ec , ha monious pa ame e s o he building, om he idea o a u al illa, bu also, in pa icula , om he idea o se ing i in he open landscape, in e p e ed in Palpian om Palladio's unde s anding o he a chi ec u al and landscape con ex . ” [7] SECTION FACILITY MANAGEMENT, MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE VOLUME: 20 | NUMBER: 1 | 2020 | JUNE © 2020 TRANSACTIONS OF VSB - TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA CIVIL ENGINEERING SERIES 52 Fig. 2: Sea ching o a sui able sec ion shape o he new wing o he a m building, in his example, he sec ion o he conse a o y was being designed (sou ce: Da id Ju ačka's s uden wo k [8]). The design akes ope a ional equi emen s in o accoun , i is based on he composi ion o a symme ically i ed al eady exis ing wing, on i s shape, and i s mass. A simila app oach was ollowed by he s uden s in he design o he new ineya d gazebo and he gazebo a he emple, which we e si ua ed a o nea hei o iginal loca ion. The loca ion was chosen acco ding o he cu en landscape possibili ies while p ese ing he is as, o wi h he suppo o he o iginal is as du ing hei es o a ion. The Palladian concep [9] was also applied in designing he gues house which is o se e he museum's p o essional isi o s. The new building, wi hou any e e ence o his o y, was placed in an a bo e um on he sou h side o he cha eau pa k. I s layou was aken om he a mhouse in he no h o he pa k and was ew i en in o he a bo e um acco ding o he cen al main axis o symme y, which passes h ough he cen e o he cha eau and is suppo ed by a ee colonnade o he eas and wes o he cha eau. Palladio's illa appea s o be he bes model o accommoda ion due o i s pu pose, o ien a ion and openness o all ou ca dinal poin s, classical a chi ec u e and se ing in o he landscape. Fig. 3: Si ua ion o he new building o he boa ding house in he a bo e um - see he pic u e “boa ding s udy oom” - as a mi o image o he oo p in o he exis ing “ a mya d” (sou ce: s uden wo k o Da id Ju ačka [8]). The building i sel , like he coun y illa o Ad ey Palladio, will be open o all di ec ions, will be s ic ly symme ical and i s ga den will become he exis ing a bo e um, jus as i was in he coun yside o Palladio's illas. Rega ding he pa k and landscape, he p oposals included he es o a ion o he ese oi a Temple (whe e a new gazebo was p oposed a he place o he nonex an one) and he ese oi Mikulášský in he eas o Kačina, which hey p opose o e-connec o he cha eau by a ou -hund ed-me e wo- ow non- ui ee colonnade. A he end o he ese oi , he e is o be a po and ou is accommoda ion o suppo ou ism, and on he o he side o he es o ed ese oi he e is a gazebo, which has ne e been conside ed in his o y, bu logically closes he main axis con inuing om he cha eau by he ee colonnade, po and ese oi . Fig. 4: Palladian concep ual design o a gazebo a Temple (sou ce: Da id Ju ačka's s uden wo k [8]). The gazebo is op ically o ien ed owa ds he landscape o he pa k om all sides in e ms o he galle y, while he inne "cella" is open o all ca dinal poin s. Following he example o an iqui y, he oo is d opped inside he layou . The gazebo also o ms a b idge o e he ese oi ibu a y, so ha i does no c ea e a ba ie in he place, bu also because o he symbolism o he connec ion o he landscape and i s comple ion and consolida ion. A simila concep is hen used in he design o he ineya d pa ilion nea he o iginal loca ion o he ineya d gazebo in he sou h-eas e n pa o he pa k, which a e adjacen o ecen ly es o ed ineya ds. The s uden s' in e en ions hus anged om a chi ec u e o landscaping, since he o namen al es a e canno be pe cei ed as a s ic ly delinea ed en i y. Fig. 5: Vineya d pa ilion on he sou h side o he a bo e um (sou ce: K is ýna Raszko á's s uden wo k [10]). The concep esponds o classical a chi ec u e by main aining a egula hy hm o holes and columns, i s loca ion in he landscape suppo s he symbol o he ancho . SECTION FACILITY MANAGEMENT, MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE VOLUME: 20 | NUMBER: 1 | 2020 | JUNE © 2020 TRANSACTIONS OF VSB - TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA CIVIL ENGINEERING SERIES 53 4. Conclusion Analyses and subsequen s uden in e en ions sugges possible solu ion app oaches. In any case, he enewal o he o namen al a m is abou suppo ing he heme o he coun yside, which by i s symbolism ancho s he isi o in place and ime and in he unde s anding o he oo s. In addi ion, in he con ex o classical Empi e a chi ec u e, i is necessa y o highligh he I alian sou ce o e me o née by e e ing o Palladian a chi ec u e. To mee he goal o making be e use o he g ounds o he Ag icul u al Museum and imp o ing he ou is acili ies and awa eness, i is possible o complemen he pa k and landscape wi h a ac i e unc ional and symbolic loca ions such as gazebos, pa ilions, es o ing ee colonnades wi h pedes ian. Acknowledgemen s The pape has been suppo ed by he p ojec o “Concep ual de elopmen o science and esea ch ac i i ies 2020” on he Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, VSB-TU Os a a. Re e ences [1] Swi hze , S. The nobleman, gen leman and ga dene 's ec ea ion. Vol. II. London: Ichnog aphia u lica, 1718. A ailable a h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ichnog aphia us 02swi /pa ge/n7/mode/2up. Downloaded 4. 3. 2020. [2] Kola o a, E., Dos alo a, J., Za loukal, O. e al. Vi u ius Mo a icus - Neoklasicis ní a is ok a ická a chi ek u a na Mo a ě a e Slezsku po oce 1800 [Neoclassical a is oc a ic a chi ec u e in Mo a ia and Silesia a e 1800]. K oměříž: Na ional He i age Ins i u e. Te i o ial He i age Adminis a ion in K oměříž, 2015. Pgs. 454.ISBN 978-80-87231-27-2 [3] DAY, CH. Duch & mís o: uzd a o ání našeho p os ředí: uzd a ující p os ředí [Spi i & Place: Healing Ou En i onmen : Healing En i onmen ]. 1. yd. B no: ERA, 2004. 273 p. ISBN 80-86517- 95-0. [4] POCHE, E. (eds.). Umělecké pamá ky Čech 2 [A is ic monumen s o Bohemia 2]. P ague: Academia 1978. S . 10-11. [5] RASZKOVÁ, K. JURAČKA, O. Con e sions in he Kačina Cas le Complex. Os a a: VŠB-TUO, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, 2019. Supe iso : P. H ůša, K. F olíko á Paláno á, M. Pe inko á. [6] NORBERG-SCHULZ, CH. Genius loci: k ajina, mís o, a chi ek u a [Genius loci: landscape, place, a chi ec u e]. 2. edi ion. P ague: Dokořán, 2010, 219 pp. ISBN 978-80-7363-303-5. [7] HRŮŠA, P. e al. Kul u a jako o ien ace a chi ek u y z enko ské k ajiny. In Venko a územní pláno ání [Cul u e as an o ien a ion o a chi ec u e om u al landscape. Landscape and u ban planning]. P ague: CTU, 2016. 112 p. ISBN 978-80-01-05908-1. [8] JURAČKA, D. O namen al cou ya d in he Kačina cas le complex. Os a a: VŠB-TUO, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, 2019. Supe iso : P. H ůša, K. F olíko á Paláno á, M. Pe inko á. [9] PALLADIO, A. Č yři knihy o a chi ek uře, nichž se po k á kém pojednání o pě i řádech a o ěch pokynech, k e é jsou při s a ění nejnu nější, pojedná á o souk omých domech, o ces ách, o mos ech, o náměs ích, o xys ech a o ch ámech [Fou books abou a chi ec u e, which, a e a b ie discussion o he i e o de s and he mos necessa y ins uc ions in he cons uc ion, discuss p i a e homes, oads, b idges, squa es, xys es and emples]. P ague: S a e Publishing House o Fine Li e a u e, Music and A , 1958. [10] RASZKOVÁ, K. Vineya d gazebo in he cas le complex Kačina. Os a a: VŠB-TUO, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, 2020. Supe iso : P. H ůša, K. F olíko á Paláno á, M. Peřinko á. Abou Au ho Klá a PALÁNOVÁ The s udy o a chi ec u e o he FA, VUT B no and a doc o a e s udy a VŠB-Technical Uni e si y Os a a, whe e she wo ks as an Assis an P o esso , she uns S udio Wo ks and con ibu es o he heo e ical lec u es in he ypology and heo ies o a chi ec u e. The Ph.D. s udy deal wi h he aspec s o he minimal housing; ollow-up p ojec s a e aimed a "li ing o e e ni y" - bu ying and une al a chi ec u e.