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DOI 10.35180/gse-2019-0013
LOAD SEDIMENTS QUANTIFICATION IN ALGERIAN NORTH-
WEST BASINS BY ARTIFICIAL NEURONS NETWORK METHOD
Yacine HAFIED 1, Nadi MAROUF 2, Mohamed Tew ik BOUZIANE 1,
Boualem REMINI 3, Shiynka uk LUBOMIR 4
1Labo a o y o Hyd aulic, Bisk a Uni e si y, Bisk a 7000, Alge ia,
2Labo a o y o Hyd aulic, Oum El Bouaghi Uni e si y, Alge ia
3Depa men o Wa e Science, Facul y o Technology, Blida 1 Uni e si y, Blida 9000, Alge ia,
4Na ional Uni e si y o Wa e Supply and En i onmen al Managemen , Uk aine
E-mail:ha ied.yacin[email p o ec ed]
ABSTRACT
Due o he complexi y o basins mo phome ic pa ame e s and he hyd oclima ic i egula i y o he
semi-a id egions o No h A ica, solid anspo has been s ill a om being clea ly assessed. This s udy
a emp s o shed ligh on his p oblem; in o de o concei e a global model o he suspended sedimen load
quan i ica ion, aking in o accoun all s eam wa e s o he No h-Wes a ea o Alge ian. The calcula ion is
based on he use o he ANN a i icial neu ons ne wo k me hod, which has p o en i s success and i s
eliabili y in se e al ields o esea ch. The collec ed da a a e measu ed in hyd ome ic s a ions o se e al
basins, such as Cheli , Ta na, Mac a, and O an’s basins. The esul s ob ained using he ANN me hod a e
su icien ly eliable, he bes co ela ions we e ob ained o each s udied s eam wa e exceeding 97%
(speci ic model o each s a ion), and 90% in he case o a global model cha ac e izing o all s udied s a ions,
which allows he ex ac ed model o gi e be e es ima ion o he suspended solid low a es o any
measu ed liquid low a e o he no h-wes Alge ian basins.
Keywo ds: Solid anspo , ANN me hod, Wa e sheds, No h-Wes Alge ia, Sil a ion dam
1 INTRODUCTION
Wa e esou ces de elopmen in he no h o Alge ia equi es wa e ese oi s cons uc ion o a ious
pu poses; howe e , he design and success ul exploi a ion o wa e ese oi s can only be made h ough an accu a e
and p ope sedimen a y olume p edic ion. This olume es ima ion will ha e a big economic impac , knowing ha
an unde es ima ion o o e es ima ion dec eases o inc eases he dead- olume. Unde es ima ion can a ec dam’s
li e ime by con as , o e es ima ion can lead o a huge inc ease in dam’s cos .
Because o i s semi-a id clima e, elie i egula i ies and p ecipi a ions olume, he no hwes side o
Alge ia is one o he mos ulne able egions in soil e osion. The phenomenon o sedimen s eaching he dams
e e y yea has p omp ed many esea che s who ha e ied o sol e his p oblem wi h se e al me hods. In his
con ex , we men ion he wo ks o Tixe on [1], Capolini [2], Gho bel and Claude [3], Heusch [4], Milliman and
Meade [5], Sog eah [6], Demmak [7], Colombani [8], Walling [9], P obs and Suche [10], Lahlou [11], Rais and
Abidi [12], Albe gel [13], Snoussi e al. [14], Me zouki [15], Moukhchane e al. [16], Meddi [17], Bou aba [18],
Remini and A ena d [19], Remini [20], Te ous e al. [21], Ghenim e al. [22] Megnouni e al. [23], Bouanani
[24], Dechemi e al. [25], Achi e and Touaibia [26], Touaibia e al. [27], Ma ou and Remini [28], Ma ou [29],who
ha e s udied some Alge ian, Tunisian, and Mo occan basins. In eali y, he p oblem is e y di icul , complex and
a om being sol ed wi h he cu en heo e ical o mulas. A conside able gap be ween he empi ical o mulas
used, he sil a ion quan i ies in dam’s measu ed by ba hyme ic su eys and he es ima ion du ing he design.
Consequen ly, we we e obliged o choose ANN me hod o sol e his p oblem in a conc e e way. The me hod has
been known o i s powe , e iciency and also p o es i s success in se e al a eas o esea ch [30, 31].
This s udy is based on his o ical da a "liquid low a es-solid low a es" o he No h-Wes Alge ian basins
namely Cheli , Ta na, Mac a, and O an, in o de o p o ide he mos app op ia e global sedimen a y load
es ima ion model.
2 PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY AREAS
The s udy ocuses on he basins loca ed in he no h-wes o Alge ia, i.e. Cheli , Ta na, Mac a, and O an
basins (Figu e 1). Se en (07) measu emen s a ions we e selec ed in his a ea, on he la ge amoun o da a s o ed,
o ha e eliable and conc e e models o he suspended sedimen load quan i ica ion. The choice o hese
hyd ome ic s a ions is a oused by he a ailabili y and ichness o his o ic measu emen da a, in ou case, liquid
low a es, solid low a es. The da a we e p o ided by Na ional Agency o Wa e Resou ces ‘Agence Na ionale
des Ressou ces Hyd iques’ (ANRH) in 2016 [32] - see Table 1.
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Figu e 1. Rep esen a ion o he s udied basins [32]
Table 1: Cha ac e is ics o he s udied hyd ome ic s a ions [32]
Basin
S eam wa e s
S a ion
Code
Pe iod
Measu emen
da a Numbe
Cheli
Djidiouia
Djidiouia RN4
01-27-01
1974-2000
4 995
Cheli
Cheli
Sidi Bela e
01-36-02
1969-2001
432
Ta na
Mouilah
Mouilah RN7
16-02-02
1973-2001
5 943
Ta na
Ta na
Pie e du cha
16-08-01
1971-2005
537
Mac a
Meke a
El Hacaiba
11-01-01
1989-2003
1905
Mac a
F oha
G iss
11-14-12
1976-2003
652
O an’s
Mellah
Tu go No d
04-02-20
1978-2003
5083
2.1 BASINS CHARACTERISTICS
The cha ac e is ics o he s udied wa e sheds a e gi en in Table 2.
Table 2: Cha ac e is ics o he s udied wa e sheds [32]
Basin
S eam
wa e s
Su ace
a ea
(km2)
Pe ime e (km)
CI
Compac ness
index
Equi alen
leng h(Km)
Talweg
leng h
(Km)
Hmin
(m)
Hmax
(m)
Chéli
Djidiouia
835
135
1.31
51.20
51
70
925
Cheli
43700
1383
1.85
619
759
20
1983
Ta na
Mouilah
1 820
187
1.23
65.90
124
410
1824
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Ta na
6 900
350
1.18
115
160.00
50
1824
Mac a
Meke a
955
127
1.15
39
54
925
1440
F oha
132
56
1.36
22
/
499
1201
O an’s
Mellah
697
135
1.43
/
60
36
824
CHELIFF BASIN
I is loca ed in he No h-Wes egion o Alge ia, bo de ed a No h by Algie s coas al basin; Sou h by
Saha a basin, Wes by O an cos al basin, Mac a and O an highlands and Eas by Cho -Melghi , Zah ez, Cho -
Hodna and Isse . The main wa e cou se in his Basin is Chéli -s eam wa e .
Figu e 2. Djidiouia s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
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Figu e 3. Cheli s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
 Djidiouia s eam wa e is a s eam loca ed eas o he wilaya o Relizane, no h-wes e n Alge ia which
lows om he Rahouia Moun ains and uns in o Cheli s eam wa e (Figu e 2).
 Cheli s eam wa e is a i e o 725 km long, loca ed in he no h-wes o Alge ia which is ed om
he Tellian A las, mo e p ecisely in he Djebel AMOUR and lows in o he Medi e anean Sea. The
Cheli is cha ac e ized by a e y e ile alley and i is he mos impo an i e in Alge ia (Figu e 3).
TAFNA BASIN
The Ta na Basin is loca ed in he ex eme no h-wes o Alge ia while a pa o i is imme sed in Mo occo,
bo de ed o he no h by he O an Basin Coas al, eas by Mac a Basin, and wes by Mo occan bo de s. I s main
wa e cou se is he Ta na Ri e .
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Figu e 4. Ta na s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
Figu e 5. Mouilah s eam wa e wa e shed [32]

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 Ta na s eam wa e is a s eam o 170 km long, s e ching in he wilaya o Tlemcen (Figu e 4) and a e
ha ing c ossed sinuous go ges, en e s he wilaya o Ain Témouchen , c osses he ancien ci y o Siga,
and lows in o he Medi e anean Sea. The Ta na wa e shed is ed om moun ains o Djebel Me chiche
nea Sebdouand ex ending pa ially o Mo occo.
 Mouillah s eam wa e is loca ed in he le bank ibu a y o Ta na s eam wa e ha s a s in he
egion o El Abed in Alge ia a 550 m al i ude, hen en e s Mo occo and akes he name o S eam
wa e Isly, and ollows in in e mi en low (Figu e 5). I becomes a pe manen downs eam o he ci y
o Oujda (Mo occo) o 490 m o al i ude o ake he name o he S eam wa e Bounaîm and en e s in
Alge ia nea Maghnia, unde he name o Mouillah s eam wa e . I si s down on i s igh bank, he
E ou i s ibu a ies, Abbas, Aounia and Méhaguène s eam wa e s.
MACTA BASIN
I is loca ed in he no h-wes e n egion o Alge ia, bo de ed o he no h by he O an's coas al basin. One
pa o i ex ends o he Medi e anean Sea; sou h is bounded by he O an’s Highlands Basin; eas by he Cheli
basin and wes by he Ta na Basin. I is d ained by wo main wa e cou ses, he Meb ouh s eam wa e o he wes
and El-Hammam s eam wa e o he eas .
Figu e 6. Meke a s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
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Figu e 7. F oha s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
 Meke a s eam wa e is a wa e cou se o igina ing in he moun ains o Djebel El-Ma houm in he sou h
o he wilaya o Sidi-Bel-Abbes. I di ides he ci y cen e in wo pa s, and hen i uns in o he Med ouh
s eam wa e (Figu e 6).
 F oha s eam wa e is a wa e cou se ha o igina es in he moun ains o Djebel Bezi a in he sou h-eas
o he wilaya o Masca a and lows in o he Ain-Fekan s eam wa e (Figu e 7).
ORAN’S BASIN
I is loca ed in he no h-wes o Alge ia, bounded in he no h by he Medi e anean Sea; eas by he Algie s
coas al basin; sou h by he h ee Basins: Chéli , Mac a and Ta na; wes by Mo occan bo de s. Among he main
s eams o his Basin, we can men ion El-Mellah s eam wa e .
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Figu e 8. Mellah s eam wa e wa e shed [32]
 Mellah s eam wa e is a wa e cou se ha begins in he sou h o Hammam-Bouhadja and lows in o
he Medi e anean Sea (Figu e 8).
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Dis ibu ion o Solid low a e depending on liquid low a e.
The ep esen a ion o he measu ed solid low a es in ela ion wi h he measu ed liquid low a e o each
s udied hyd ome ic s a ion is illus a ed in he g aphs men ioned in Figu e 9.
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Figu e 9. Rela ionship be ween solid-liquid low a e in each hyd ome ic s a ion
Qs = 241,7Ql - 696,9
R² = 0,908
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
0 100 200 300 400
Qs (Kg/s)
Ql (m3/s)
Djidiouia RN4 s a ion
y = 43,68x - 306,7
R² = 0,834
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Qs(Kg/s)
Ql(m3/s)
Sidi Bela e s a ion
y = 18,70x - 10,30
R² = 0,800
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Qs (Kg/s)
Ql(m3/s)
Muillah RN7 s a ion
y = 12,95x - 107,2
R² = 0,728
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Qs (Kg/s)
Ql (m3/s)
Pie e du cha s a ion
y = 20,243x - 21,575
R² = 0,9497
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Qs(kg/s)
Ql(m3/s)
El Hacaiba s a ion
y = 29,102x - 16,157
R² = 0,9229
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Qs (kg/s)
Ql(m3/s)
G iss s a ion
y = 89,105x - 157,27
R² = 0,9007
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Qs(kg/s)
Ql (m3/s)
Tu go No d s a ion
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