Depósi o de In es igación de la Uni e sidad de Se illa
h ps://idus.us.es/
This is an Accep ed Manusc ip o an a icle published by Sp inge Na u e in
Enhancing En i onmen al Educa ion Th ough Na u e-Based Solu ions Feb ua y
2022, a ailable a :
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/978-3-030-91843-9_19
© 2022 Sp inge Na u e Swi ze land AG
1 / 26
How Na u e-Based Solu ions can Con ibu e o Enhance
Ci cula i y in Ci ies
Rocío Pineda-Ma os1, Ma ia Bea ice And eucci2, Na aša A anaso a3, Gös a F.M. Baganz4,5,
C is ina S.C. Calhei os6, Joana A.C. Cas ella 7,8, Maja B. Ɖolić9, Da ja Is enić3,10, An onia Ma ía
Lo enzo López11, Ana Ri a L. Ribei o12 and Guen e Lange g abe 13,*
1 R. Pineda-Ma os – U ban G eening and Biosys ems Enginee ing Resea ch G oup (Na U IB),
Depa amen o de Ingenie ía Ae oespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos - Á ea de Ingenie ía Ag o o es al,
Escuela Técnica Supe io de Ingenie ía Ag onómica (ETSIA), Uni e sidad de Se illa, C a. de U e a
km. 1, 41013, Se ille, Spain; [email protected]
2 M.B. And eucci – Depa men o Planning, Design, Technology o A chi ec u e, Facul y o
A chi ec u e, Sapienza Uni e si y o Rome, I aly; mbea ice.and eucci@uni oma1.i
3 N. A anaso a, D. Is enič – Uni e si y o Ljubljana, Facul y o Ci il and Geode ic Enginee ing,
Jamo a 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slo enia; na asa.a anaso a@ gg.uni-lj.si, da ja.is enic@ gg.uni-lj.si
4 G.F.M. Baganz – Leibniz-Ins i u e o F eshwa e Ecology and Inland Fishe ies (IGB),
Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Be lin, Ge many; g.bagan[email p o ec ed]
5 Facul y o A chi ec u e, RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, Schinkels . 1, 52062 Aachen, Ge many
6 C.S.C. Calhei os – In e disciplina y Cen e o Ma ine and En i onmen al Resea ch
(CIIMAR/CIMAR), Uni e si y o Po o, No o Edi ício do Te minal de C uzei os do Po o de
Leixões, A enida Gene al No on de Ma os, S/N, 4450-208 Ma osinhos, Po ugal;
c is ina@calhei os.o g
7 J.A.C. Cas ella – Ca alan Ins i u e o Wa e Resea ch (ICRA), Ca e Emili G ahi 101, 17003
Gi ona, Spain; jcas ella[email p o ec ed]
8 Uni e si y o Gi ona, Plaça de San Domènec 3, 17004 Gi ona, Spain
9 M.B. Ɖolić – Facul y o Technology and Me allu gy, Depa men o En i onmen al Enginee ing,
Uni e si y o Belg ade, Ka negije a 4, 11000 Belg ade, Se bia; mi ko [email protected]
10 D. Is enić – Uni e si y o Ljubljana, Facul y o Heal h Sciences, Zd a s ena po 5, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slo enia; da ja.is enic@z .uni-lj.si
11 A.M. Lo enzo López – BIOAZUL S.L., A enida Manuel Agus ín He edia n 18, 1, 4, 29001 Málaga,
Spain; alo [email protected]
12 A.R.L. Ribei o – Labo a o y o Sepa a ion and Reac ion Enginee ing, Labo a o y o Ca alysis and
Ma e ials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenha ia, Uni e sidade do Po o, Rua D . Robe o F ias,
4200-465 Po o, Po ugal; i alado@ e.up.p
13 G. Lange g abe – Ins i u e o Sani a y Enginee ing, Uni e si y o Na u al Resou ces and Li e
Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Aus ia; guen e .lange g[email p o ec ed]c.a
*G. Lange g abe (co esponding au ho )
2 / 26
G aphical abs ac
Abs ac
En i onmen al educa ion in di e en disciplines pu s an accen on acqui ing specialised
knowledge and, while his emains essen ial, os e ing knowledge alone, wi hou links o eal
li e, pe sonal expe iences, compe encies, and alues, is insu icien . Na u e-based solu ions
(NBS) ha e he po en ial o be used as an educa ional amewo k ha equi es c i ical sys em
hinking, a c ucial componen o uly democ a ic ac i e ci izenship, and aises awa eness abou
global en i onmen al, social, and economic issues. On he basis o NBS- ela ed en i onmen al
educa ion ma e ials, we p esen in his chap e selec ed case s udies ha desc ibe educa ion o
h ee main s akeholde g oups. Conce ning pupils and s uden s, hese a e examples o schools
and highe educa ion, as well as pilo ins alla ions om I aly, Spain, Slo enia, Po ugal, Tu key,
and Ge many. Di e en o ms o acili ies o o ganisa ions a e included o demons a e he
possibili ies o NBS- ela ed educa ion o p ac i ione s. The o e s o he gene al public
comp ise a mobile exhibi ion/demons a ion uni , a social p ojec and an anima ion ideo.
Addi ionally, exis ing online pla o ms o knowledge sha ing a e summa ised. The NBS
concep has po en ial o assis he ansi ion om cu en con en ional educa ion pa adigms
owa ds o a mo e c i ical sys emic hinking o os e en i onmen al ci izenship as a base o
en i onmen al, social-economic, poli ical, economic, and cul u al changes on local, na ional,
and global scales.
3 / 26
1 INTRODUCTION
While humani y ecognized clima e change as i s majo exis en ial challenge and p epa es o
ba le i , he need o mobilise he en i e socie y o he ask is acu e. Thus, ad ances in
en i onmen al echnologies need o be coupled wi h a apid and gene alised change in alues
and a i udes. Howe e , he e a e s ill impo an hu dles o o e come o achie e his goal. One
o he mos impo an is he cu en agmen a ion o knowledge p oduc ion and disciplina y
aining sys em. En i onmen al educa ion s ill emains highly specialised and p edominan ly
ocused on na u al sciences, wi h socio-poli ical and empowe men aspec s only ma ginally
included i a all. Mo eo e , en i onmen al educa ion in di e en disciplines ocusses on
acqui ing specialised knowledge and, while his emains essen ial, os e ing knowledge alone,
wi hou links o eal li e, pe sonal expe iences, compe encies, and alues, is insu icien [1].
The COST Ac ion CA17133 Ci cula Ci y in es iga es how na u e-based solu ions
(NBS) can be used o c ea e ci cula economies in ci ies o o e come exis ing challenges such
as esou ce deple ion, clima e change adap a ion and deg ada ion o ecosys ems [2]. I is widely
ecognised, ha NBS ha e po en ial o assis he ansi ion om cu en con en ional educa ion
pa adigms owa ds o a mo e c i ical sys emic hinking in o de o os e en i onmen al, social-
economic, poli ical, economic, and cul u al changes, and o add ess ans e sally u ban
challenges such as ai quali y, sus ainable wa e managemen , pa icipa o y planning and
go e nance [3]).
Despi e i is clea and accep ed by expe communi y ha NBS can enhance ci cula i y in
ci ies, he pa hway o hei implemen a ion is s ill long and acing di e en ba ie s [2]. One o
hem is app op ia e awa eness ising and educa ion on NBS which should be p o ided
hough ully, inclusi ely and in well o ganised manne . As NBS implemen a ion equi es
ex emely in e disciplina y app oach, he la e should be used also in educa ion on NBS.
Cu en lack o in e disciplina i y in majo i y o o mal educa ion sys ems limi s he
communica ions be ween di e en expe s. The e is a need o educa e new gene a ion o
expe s, and enhance he abili y o p o essionals o be able o communica e wi h di e en expe
and lay communi ies. Fo ma ion o in e disciplina y educa ional g oups combining a ious
ypes o knowledge o sciences like o example social, en i onmen al and biology sciences,
enables o ma ion o new ypes o in e disciplina y pedagogies which combine s uden s and
pedagogues om a ious a eas in an e o o c ea e new, u u e expe s capable o esponding
o complex challenges posed by clima e change and lack o implemen a ion o sus ainable
de elopmen in p ac ice (on e ain).
In his chap e , (1) we b ie ly e iew a ailable en i onmen al educa ion ma e ials
ela ed o NBS, (2) we p esen selec ed case s udies ha desc ibe educa ional ac i i ies o h ee
main s akeholde g oups, i.e., pupils and s uden s, p o essionals such as p ac i ione s and ci y
adminis a o s, and he gene al public (Fig. 1), and (3) we summa ise in o ma ion on exis ing
online pla o ms o knowledge sha ing in he ield.
4 / 26
Fig. 1 Examples o ac i i ies ela ed o en i onmen al educa ion h ough applica ions o NBS
concep . (A) P oduc i e Ga den and Eco-island @ FEZ-Be lin, Ge many; (B) School ga den,
‘Colegio Sag ada Familia’, Spain; (C) NBS o in o mal en i onmen al educa ion, G ea e
Po o, Po ugal (sou ce: LIPOR, 2021); (D) G een - Blue: Sus ainable U ban D ainage P ojec ,
Spain (sou ce: GCMP Paisajes Resilien es
h ps://paisajes esilien es.wo dp ess.com/2019/05/25/ e de-azul_p oyec o-de-d enaje-u bano-
sos enible-dus-en-ceip-luis-bunuel-g een-bluish_suds-p ojec -in-school-luis-bunuel/); (E)
NBS o building sys em eco e y, I aly (sou ce: Sapienza Mas e in A chi ec u e s uden s,
2021); (F) G een Roo s Li e acy, Po ugal; (G) Demo g een wall o g eywa e ea men ,
Slo enia; (H) Demo g een wall o imp o ing indoo ai quali y, ETSIA-US, Spain; (I)
LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um, EU (sou ce: LE:NOTRE S uden Compe i ion, 2021); (J)
Cou ses o ANCV-Po uguese Na ional Associa ion o G een Roo s, Po ugal; (K) U ban
g eening cou se, COIAA, Spain; (L) Demo cen e o g een echnologies, Slo enia (Sou ce:
A hem L d., 2020); (M) MUGLI – a Mobile Exhibi ion Space, Aus ia (Sou ce:
h ps://g uens a g au.a /mugli/); (N) Anima ion Video, COST Ac ion Ci cula Ci y; (O) San
Na cis ‘Edible Neighbou hood’, Spain
2 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION MATERIALS RELATED TO NBS
Ins i u ional and non-ins i u ional educa ion is a c ucial elemen in c ea ing a posi i e impac
on en i onmen al beha iou . The success ul implemen a ion o he Eu opean G een Deal mus

5 / 26
also be ca ied ou h ough educa ional sys em e o ms o ensu e ha all a e equipped o mee
he challenges o he u u e, including in hose ela ed o labou ma ke . The e o e, ‘ ailo ed
educa ional cu icula’ [4] mus con ain key compe encies and skills needed o suppo a g een
economy. Socially and en i onmen ally esponsible beha iou s may be u he ein o ced by
impe manen educa ion (such as h ough wo kplace e aining). Educa ion o he u u e is a
social challenge a ached o he impo ance o public o ganiza ions dealing wi h he
en i onmen and clima e change. Table 1 summa izes EU and in e na ional o ganiza ions
dedica ed o p omo ing en i onmen al educa ional ac i i ies.
The e is a widesp ead scien i ic opinion ha mi iga ing pollu ion o e all may be be e
ca ied ou h ough inc eased public knowledge o en i onmen al issues. The end esul is o
ein o ce beha iou s ha p omo e en i onmen al p e en ion and p o ec ion. Social mo emen s
in gene al and he en i onmen al mo emen in pa icula a e based on he p emise ha public
educa ion helps gi ing ise o suppo ing en i onmen al p o ec ion and educing he e ec s o
clima e change. Among many o he de ini ions, he Eu opean Commission ecognizes NBS as
hose suppo ed by na u e and ecosys ems [5]. As opposed o ad anced echnological solu ions,
NBS a e cos -e ec i e, simul aneously p o ide en i onmen al, social and economic bene i s,
as well as help building esilience o clima e change. NBS public accep ance coupled by
en i onmen al educa ion (awa eness suppo ed by knowledge) is a key o u u e NBS
implemen a ion. Table 2 p o ides a pa ial lis o EU and in e na ional NBS p ojec s along wi h
hei educa ional ac i i ies and ini ia i es.
6 / 26
Table 1 Eu opean Union and in e na ional o ganiza ions dedica ed o p omo ing en i onmen al educa ion ac i i ies
O ganiza ion
Desc ip ion
Educa ional ac i i ies
Link
The Uni ed Na ions
Economic and
Social Council
(ECOSOC)
The ECOSOC suppo s non-p o i public, olun ee
o ganiza ions h ough consul a ion and access o Uni ed
Na ions economic and social council.
Helps add essing social and economic SD challenges and
imp o ing human igh s (whe e en i onmen al p o ec ionism a
human igh ) as well as o suppo ‘ad hoc’ decision p ocesses.
h ps://www.un.o g/ecosoc/en
The Academic
Council on he UN
Sys em Ins i u ional
Membe (ACUNS)
ACUNS is a global p o essional associa ion o
educa ional and esea ch ins i u ions, indi idual schola s
and p ac i ione s ac i e in he wo k and s udy o
mul ila e al ela ions, global go e nance and in e na ional
coope a ion.
P omo es eaching on en i onmen al opics, as well as dialogue
and mu ual unde s anding ac oss and be ween academics,
p ac i ione s, ci il socie y and s uden s. Helps publishing
posi ion and opinion pape s.
h ps://acuns.o g/
The Eu opean
En i onmen al
Bu eau (EEB)
The EEB is Eu ope’s la ges ne wo k o en i onmen al
ci izen o ganisa ions. The EEB b ings oge he a ound
140 ci il socie y o ganisa ions om mo e han 30
Eu opean coun ies. The EEB suppo s sus ainable
de elopmen , en i onmen al jus ice & pa icipa o y
democ acy.
Ca ies ou a wide ange o ac i i ies in en i onmen al
p e en ion and p o ec ion, among which include suppo ing
young people in hei conce ns abou clima e change
(h ps://eeb.o g/lib a y/pan-eu opean-su ey-clima e- o-
p io i y- o -you h/) as well as suppo ing NGOs and hei
ini ia i es in sus ainable consump ion
(h ps://eeb.o g/lib a y/eu-s a egy- o -sus ainable- ex iles-ngo-
posi ion/).
h ps://eeb.o g/
En i onmen al
Ambassado s
Sus ainable
De elopmen
(EASD)
EASD is one o he newes EEB membe s. They a e a
non-p o i p o essional associa ion wo king in science
and esea ch. They wo k h ough consul ancy, expe ise,
inno a ion, educa ion, he p omo ion o cul u al alues
and knowledge-based ad ocacy.
Popula izing and p omo ing scien i ic wo k, o enhance
communica ion be ween s akeholde s ( ep esen a i es o local
sel -go e nmen , educa ional ins i u ions, associa ions,
en ep eneu s, indi iduals), as well as inc easing public in e es
in sus ainable de elopmen , en i onmen al p o ec ion and
educa ion.
h ps://eeb.o g/easd-
en i onmen al-ambassado s- o -
sus ainable-de elopmen /
The Eu opean
Ci izen Science
Associa ion (ECSA)
The ECSA is a non-p o i associa ion se up o encou age
he g ow h o he Ci izen Science mo emen in Eu ope in
o de o enhance he pa icipa ion o he gene al public in
he scien i ic p ocesses.
Ini ia ing and suppo ing ci izen-science esea ch and p ojec s,
as well as unde s anding and using i s bene i s in decision
making.
h ps://ecsa.ci izen-science.ne /
Women Engage o
a Common Fu u e
(WECF)
A non-p o i ne wo k dedica ed o a gende jus ice and a
heal hy plane o all,WECF co e s app oxima ely 50
coun ies, wo king wi h 150 pa ne (women’s and ci il
socie y) o ganisa ions in ne wo ks.
The p omo ion o : i) holis ic en i onmen al solu ions
( e lec ing indi iduals’ li es); ii) gende equali y and women’s
human igh s as in e connec ed o clima e jus ice; iii)
sus ainable ene gy & chemicals, educ ion o oxic was e, sa e
wa e & sani a ion o all.
h ps://www.wec .o g/
Inno a ion Hi e
Inno a ion Hi e is a p i a e non-p o i o ganiza ion
loca ed in G eece, specialized in esea ch and inno a ion.
De eloping educa ional ma e ials, aining ac i i ies and
p ac ice-d i en cou ses ha ocus chie ly on sys emic p oblems
h ps://inno a ionhi e.eu/abou -
us-inno/
7 / 26
and a e ailo ed o educa o s, schools ac oss educa ional le els,
you h and adul s.
The Founda ion o
En i onmen al
Educa ion
Engaging and empowe ing indi iduals h ough educa ion
in collabo a ion wi h i s membe s and pa ne s
wo ldwide.
Empowe ing s uden s o be leade s o sus ainabili y and
posi i e change h ough enhancing global educa ion p og ams
(Blue lag, G een key, Young Repo e s, Lea ning abou he
Fo es and Eco-schools).
h ps://www. ee.global/
The In e na ional
Associa ion o
Uni e si ies
‘Ho izons’(IAU)
The IAU is he leading global associa ion o highe
educa ion ins i u ions and uni e si y associa ions. I has
o e 600 Membe Ins i u ions and 30 o ganiza ions.
T ans o ming highe educa ion o he u u e. I publishes a
wice annual magazine ou lining IAU ac i i ies.
h ps://www.ecoschools.global/ e
sou ce-ma e ial
Eco-schools
Eco-Schools has de eloped om a Eu opean educa ional
p og amme o a global model o en i onmen al
educa ion and sus ainabili y.
P omo ing he educa ion o s uden s pa icipa ing in he
p og amme (wo kshops, eco-schools) whose ac ions help
de eloping alues, a i udes and beha iou owa ds he
en i onmen .
h ps://www.ecoschools.global/ou
-his o y
LE:NOTRE
Ins i u e
The LE:NOTRE Ins i u e has been es ablished unde he
auspices o ECLAS, he Eu opean Council o Landscape
A chi ec u e Schools, as an umb ella o ganisa ion o
in e disciplina y collabo a ion be ween educa ion,
esea ch and inno a i e p ac ice in he landscape ield.
The goal o he LE:NOTRE Ins i u e is o de elop and
s eng hen he links be ween landscape educa ion,
esea ch and inno a i e p ac ice, in he public, p i a e
and no o p o i sec o s.
Wha makes he LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um di e en om
o he Eu opean landscape e en s is he ocus on dialogue,
deba e and discou se. I p o ides a unique oppo uni y o
in e ac c ea i ely wi h colleagues om a ange o landscape
disciplines in in o mal wo kshop and ield isi se ings. The
aim is o c ea e s imula ing en i onmen o p omo e he
gene a ion o bo h new eaching ideas and p ojec s, o esea ch
and o collabo a ion be ween heo y and p ac ice.
h ps:// o um.ln-
ins i u e.o g/leno e-ins i u e-2/
Table 2 NBS p ojec s and hei p omo ional ac i i ies (educa ion ma e ials and ini ia i es)
P ojec i le and web
si e
Funding (Du a ion
o Funding)
P ojec ’s goal
P omo ional ac i i ies (educa ion
ma e ials/ini ia i es)
Ta ge g oup
Link
Implemen ing
na u e based
solu ions o
c ea ing a
esou ce ul ci cula
ci y
www.ci cula -ci y.eu
Ho izon 2020
p og am, Cos Ac ion
CA17133
(2018-2021).
To c ea e g eene u ban
en i onmen s, enhance esou ce
eco e y and implemen holis ic
social-economic solu ions o he
de elopmen o ci cula ci ies.
#Мyci cula ci y pho o con es
(To p omo e unc ional and
aes he ic alues o NBSs in u ban
ci cula i y).
Laype sons,
esea che s &
p o essionals.
h ps://ci cula -ci y.eu/?p=680
8 / 26
Making Ci ies
Resilien 2030: My
Ci y is Ge ing
Ready
h ps://www.unisd .o
g/campaign/ esilien ci
ies/ad oca es
UN O ice o
Disas e Risk
Reduc ion (UNDRR)
(2020-2030).
To es ablish a unique c oss-
s akeholde ini ia i e ha
imp o es local (ci y) esilience
h ough ad ocacy, sha ing
knowledge and expe iences.
Mayo s and child en leading he
igh agains clima e change in he
Philippines.
Child en.
h ps://www.unisd .o g/campaign/ esi
lien ci ies/news-
e en s/a icle/17160/mayo s-and-
child en-lead- igh -agains -clima e-
change-in- he-philippines
New and eme ging
challenges and
oppo uni ies in
was ewa e
ea men
h p://www.ne eus-
cos .eu/
Ho izon 2020
p og am, Cos Ac ion
ES1403
(2014-2018).
A child en’s book: ‘The Sec e
Handbook o he Blue ci cle’.
Child en.
h ps://www.iwapublishing.com/news
/sec e -handbook-blue-ci cle-qa-blog-
d -despo- a a-kassinos
Na u e-based
Solu ions Pilo
eache s - Explo ing
Na u e-Based
Solu ions in You
Class oom
h ps://www.eu opean
schoolne academy.eu/
cou ses/cou se-
1:Scien ix+NBS+20
21/abou #behind
Eu opean School ne
Academy, Eu opean
Commission
(www.eun.o g
(Janua y – Sep embe
2020).
15 eache s ha e joined he NBS
p ojec o help de eloping
lea ning scena ios o in eg a e
NBSs in o he class oom.
Online cou se on NBS (15
scena ios).
While open o all,
he main a ge
g oups a e
p ima y and
seconda y school
eache s om
Eu ope and o he
egions.
h ps://www.eu opeanschoolne acade
my.eu/cou ses/cou se-
1:Scien ix+NBS+2021/abou # opics
G ow G een
h p://g owg eenp oje
c .eu/
Ho izon 2020
(2017-2022).
To c ea e clima e and wa e
esilien , heal hy and li able ci ies
by in es ing in NBS.
The Ci izen engagemen o NBS:
Fac Shee .
The gene al
public.
h p://g owg eenp ojec .eu/wp-
con en /uploads/2021/03/G owG een-
ac shee -2021- 02-1-2.pd
UNaLab
h ps://unalab.eu/en
Ho izon 2020
(2017-2022).
To de elop sma e , mo e
inclusi e, mo e esilien and
inc easingly sus ainable ci ies
h ough he implemen a ion o
NBS.
‘U ban Lab Playg ound: he Co-
c ea ion Game’
An in e ac i e game h ough which
playe s will co-c ea e a s o y line o
igh agains a clima e- ela ed
challenges a ec ing ou ci ies
oday.
The gene al
public, bu
a ge ing u ban
dwelle s.
h ps://unalab.eu/en/e en s/u ban-
li ing-lab-playg ound-co-c ea ion-
game
15 / 26
sepa a ion and euse is no only p o iding an al e na i e wa e sou ce bu is also a measu e ha
can ha e nume ous addi ional bene i s. A he Facul y o Ci il and Geode ic Enginee ing a
he Uni e si y o Ljubljana, a pilo GW (Fig. 1G) is se ing no only o esea ch and educa ion
pu poses bu also con ibu es o he ou look o he en ance hall and is used o p omo ional
ac i i ies o he Facul y.
The GW was se up in 2019 and is ea ing syn he ic g eywa e in ho izon al low
h ough pe meable subs a e illed in ou ec angula cascading beds. Addi ionally, a hea
exchange was se up in collabo a ion wi h he Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing o s udy hea
ans e om g eywa e o sani a y wa e . The wall is plan ed wi h indoo plan s han can
ole a e pe manen looding.
The GW has been used o mas e hesis [18] and p ac ical wo k o engaged s uden s in
subjec s whe e he concep o closing he wa e cycles is lec u ed. The subjec s Was ewa e
ea men and En i onmen al echnologies a e a ailable o mo e han a decade; howe e , he
speci ic con en on closing he loops is lec u ed since he las 3-5 yea s. Despi e he appealing
s udy p og amme and he ele ance o he opic, he numbe o s uden s is ela i ely low. The
Facul y hus ca ies ou ac i e p omo ion h ough di e en media, including ideo and li e
p esen a ions, whe e especial ocus is gi en o hand on aining and pilo plan s such as he
GW.
3.1.8 Pilo o Phy o emedia ion o Ai and Wa e h ough Ve ical G eening Sys ems
in he School o Ag icul u al Enginee ing a he Uni e si y o Se ille, Spain
NBS demons a ion si es a he School o Ag icul u al Enginee ing (ETSIA) o he Uni e si y
o Se ille (US), Spain, consis o he applica ion o e ical g eening sys ems (VGS) – i.e., wall-
based g een acades [11] –, o imp o e ai quali y inside buildings and wa e quali y in
o namen al ponds in he o m o bio il e s, and he euse o was ewa e (g ey s eam) and
ainwa e [12].
Two demons a ion wall-based g een acades we e ins alled in- (Fig. 1H) and ou -side
he main en ance o he ETSIA’s building, being composed o abou wen y di e en plan
species (e.g. Ajuga ep ans 'A opu pu ea', Begonia ex, Ca ex lacca 'Blue Zinge ', Ca ex
oshimensis 'E e gold', Chlo ophy um comosum) o maximize he emo al o elemen al
pollu an s in e ms o phy o emedia ion. The ou side e ical g eening – wi h 6 m2 o landscape
a ea – is in eg a ed wi hin an aquaponic sys em – i.e., pond o 20.4 m2 and abou 5,500 li e s o
capaci y wi h o namen al ish and aqua ic plan s –, which con ibu es o p o ide an addi ional
bene i on he wa e pu i ica ion p ocesses, and o e s ec ea ion oppo uni ies a ailable a he
u ban Uni e si y en i onmen [19].
The po en ial o e ec i e NBS o imp o e he en i onmen al quali y, ia alle ia ing
indoo ai con amina ion condi ion, is o high in e es o social inno a ion, bo h on a public
and scien i ic le el [20]. In his sense, Uni e si y’s s uden s in NBS moni o ing, lea n and
become awa e abou he u ban pollu ion e ec s – which a e di ec ly in ol ed wi h he heal h
and well-being o he ci izens –, ul illing one o he undamen al objec i es o he Academia,
such as being a he se ice o socie y.
3.1.9 The LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um, Eu ope
The LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um is a discou se-o ien ed and in e disciplina y e en o ou
days du a ion. The Fo um ocuses on local landscapes and he sus ainabili y challenges hey

16 / 26
a e acing. In acco dance wi h he Eu opean Landscape Con en ion his includes ou s anding
as well as e e y day o deg aded landscapes in u ban, pe i-u ban, and u al en i onmen s.
The LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um is a place o in e disciplina y and mul is akeholde
exchange on NBS, whe e Eu opean s uden s and acul ies mee wi h ci y adminis a o s,
planne s, a chi ec s, landscape a chi ec s, NGOs (non-go e nmen al o ganisa ions) as well as
o he s akeholde s. The i s Landscape Fo um was held in An alya, Tu key, in 2011. The e en
has con inued on a yea ly basis since hen, mo ing ac oss a ious Eu opean loca ions. In 2015,
he S uden Compe i ion was in oduced o make he Landscape Fo um mo e inclusi e and
ele an o he in e na ional communi y. Since hen, he ou comes o he S uden Compe i ion
ha e g ea ly enhanced he quali y and inno a ion po en ial o he Fo um as a whole.
The 2021 In e na ional S uden Compe i ion, as pa o he 10 h Landscape Fo um o
he LE:NOTRE Ins i u e, was launched in Oc obe 2020, and was o ganised by he Facul y o
A chi ec u e and Design a he Academy o Fine A s in Gdańsk, in coope a ion wi h Gdańsk
U ban De elopmen Associa ion. The esul s o he S uden Compe i ion we e announced
h ough a i ual kick-o e en in Ap il his yea 2021 (h ps:// o um.ln-ins i u e.o g/leno e-
in e na ional-s uden -compe i ion-2021/), wi h he ac i e pa icipa ion o he s uden s, acul ies,
he Ci y o Gdańsk adminis a o s, p ac i ione s and a ious s akeholde s, as well as IFLA
Eu ope (Eu opean Associa ion o Landscape A chi ec s) (Fig. 1I and Fig. 3).
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Fig. 3 Examples o winning en y in LE:NOTRE Landscape Fo um s uden compe i ion, ela ed
o en i onmen al educa ion h ough applica ion o NBS concep (In e na ional Mas e in
Landscape A chi ec u e s uden s om Weihens ephan-T iesdo Uni e si y o Applied
Sciences and Nü ingen-Geislingen Uni e si y, Ge many)
18 / 26
3.2 P o essionals
3.2.1 Cou ses o ANCV-Po uguese Na ional Associa ion o G een Roo s, Po ugal
The NGOs o associa i e mo emen s ha a e engaged wi h g een in as uc u e (GI) and NBS
can ac a di e en le els owa ds i s p omo ion and dissemina ion. They o en play he ole o
se collabo a ion be ween s akeholde s and o he in e es ed pa ies. Besides ha , hey a e c ucial
o enhance ci cula i y in ci ies wi h NBS, p o iding awa eness and echnical knowledge
h ough cou ses and sho hands-on app oach e en s [21]. As an example, is p esen ed he case
s udy o he Po uguese Na ional Associa ion o GR (ANCV, Associação Nacional de
Cobe u as Ve des) (h ps://www.g een oo s.p ). This NGO, in en s o p omo e NBS in ci ies,
especially GR and GW le e aging hei impo ance and con ibu ions o p omo e he c ea ion
o heal hy, sus ainable, biodi e se and esilien u ban e i o ies. Technical and ad anced
cou ses ha e been deli e ed in collabo a ion wi h p o essional o de s (O dem dos A qui e os
and O dem do Engenhei os da egião No e), and in e municipal communi ies as ep esen a i e
o se e al coun ies. Collabo a ion is also been se wi h schools, a he basic and seconda y le el,
and also a he highe educa ion le el (e.g., Uni e si ies, Poly echnics), o deli e sho cou ses
o alks on he subjec (Fig. 1J).
A s a egy o dissemina ion and en i onmen al educa ion is needed o show he
popula ion, and he di e en g oups o p o essionals ela ed o he heme, he di e se and
signi ican bene i s ha hey o e . A key poin is he li e acy conce ning he GR ha should be
escala ed om he p e-school o highe educa ional le els, whe eas echnical knowledge should
be assu ed o widesp ead o he echnology. The ole o he GR associa ions is e y impo an
o se a oice connec ing companies, policy-make s, academics, schools and ci izens.
3.2.2 The O icial College o Ag icul u al Enginee s o Andalusia, Spain
The O icial College o Ag icul u al Enginee s o Andalusia (Colegio O icial de Ingenie os
Ag ónomos de Andalucía, COIAA) – ounded in 1953 –, is a Public Law Co po a ion which
ep esen s he Ag icul u al Enginee ing in Andalusia (Sou he n Spain), p o iding social
gua an ee and se ices o he p o ession. T aining cou ses is one o he COIAA se ices aimed
a upda ing o imp o ing ce i ied compe ences, knowledge and skills – app op ia e o cu en
echnologies and egula ions – among i s p o essionals and p ac i ione s (see Fig. 1K o
de ails). The planning and managemen o aining ac ions is en us ed o he Andalusian
Founda ion o Ag icul u al Enginee s (Fundación Andaluza de Ingenie os Ag ónomos).
Se e al ca ego ies a e dis inguished in i s wide aining o e , among hem: ood quali y and
sa e y, and en i onmen and enewable ene gies; being in he la e whe e he cou se on VGS
and GR is ca ego ized. Those in e es ed in he u ban g eening cou se belong o he a eas o
knowledge in he ield o NBS (landscaping and GI); and in ended o de elop hei ca ee as
enginee s, en i onmen al consul an s and echnicians. The aining cou se p og am and
lea ning ac i i ies, wi h he ollowing main educa ional con en s, a e classi ied as:
• U ban g eening: u ban sus ainabili y and bene i s o u ban GI.
• Buil u ban en i onmen : g een buildings (VGS and GR).
• P ojec design and implemen a ion: echnical aspec s and planning.
• I iga ion and d ainage sys ems: use o ainwa e and g eywa e .
• Main enance: plan p o ec ion, ligh ing, ad anced con ol sys ems and equipmen .
• Technical isi s (i.e., VGS and GR implemen ed in he ci y o Se ille).
19 / 26
3.2.3 Demons a ion Cen e on G een Technologies in Ajdo ščina, Slo enia
The demons a ion cen e o g een echnologies (Fig. 1L) is loca ed a he p emises o he
cen al was ewa e ea men plan (WWTP) in he small own o Ajdo ščina. In he amewo k
o na ional esea ch p ojec s by he Uni e si y o Ljubljana a ious pilo sys ems o NBS ha e
been se up a i s only o esea ch pu poses. Two s age cons uc ed we land (VF-HF), high-
a e algae pond, e apo anspi a i e willow sys em and lysime e ield a e demons a ing obus
and sus ainable ea men o municipal was ewa e , p oduc ion o sa e and aluable side
p oduc s (woody and algae biomass) and euse o eclaimed wa e o ege able e iga ion in
lysime e ield. The ini ial goal o he si e ha co e s 1000 m2 was o esea ch, de elop,
op imize, and demons a e NBS echnologies, hei p oduc s and impac on ag icul u e [22,23].
A e ini ial esea ch ac i i ies o o e come echnological ba ie s, he si e was
p omo ed o educa ional ac i i ies. Fi s , ield excu sions and mas e hesis o s uden s o
di e en p e- and pos -g adua ion en i onmen al s udies we e ca ied ou , ollowed by
in e na ional summe s schools. La e , he ope a o o he WWTP ecognised he alue o he
cen e o demons a e he possibili ies o NBS o decen alized was ewa e ea men in small
u al communi ies. Visi s o decision make s and end use s om di e en municipali ies ha e
been o ganised o p esen ea men we land and banish doub s on i s pe o mance. Recen ly,
he cen e was p esen ed o a me s which inc eased in e es in use o eclaimed wa e .
Cu en ly he cen e is s ill closed o public, so only p e-announced isi s a e possible
wi h an expe guide om he Uni e si y o Ljubljana o wa e u ili y company. The plan is o
u n he si e om esea ch ocused cen e in o an open demons a ion and educa ional cen e
whe e di e en a ge g oups can lea n abou sus ainable app oaches in was ewa e
managemen and p inciples o closing he nu ien and wa e cycles. The cen e will be
e u bished in o an a ac i e si e o isi o s wi h sui able in as uc u e o ou doo lea ning
cou ses (in o ma ion boa ds, banks, ou doo class oom). The si e would also be eely
accessible and connec ed o local cycling ou e ac oss he alley as one o he spo s o in e es .
3.3 Gene al Public
3.3.1 MUGLI – a Mobile Exhibi ion Space, Aus ia
MUGLI (Fig. 1M) – he ac onym s ands o Mobile U ban G een Li ing Inno a i e – is he
mobile exhibi ion space o G üns a g au, which is he Aus ian compe ence cen e and cen al
coo dina ion uni o he u u e o u ban g een en i onmen , and inno a ions and ideas o g een
ci ies. The ne wo k comp ises abou 380 pa ne s om he ield. Since 2018, MUGLI ou s
h ough Aus ia (e.g., Vienna, Linz, Feldki ch, Klagen u ) speci ically o ac i i ies ela ed o
knowledge, pa icipa ion managemen and economic and social coope a ion ega ding GI and
NBS on buildings. MUGLI allows a i s -hand expe ience o g eening buildings and p o ides
in o ma ion and knowledge o a b oad ange o people. I is also a modula expe imen al space
o exis ing and new echnologies o he ne wo k pa ne s. MUGLI shows di e en sys ems o
he g eening o oo s and bo h ex e nal and in e nal VGS. Visi o s a e in o med by means o a
guided exhibi ion. Th ough his in e ac i e ou you will ind ou which di e en ege a ion
sys ems a e possible, how di e en echnologies wo k and which echnology is behind hem.
In addi ion, moni o ing da a on he a eas a e used o gene a e measu emen da a o he
indi idual sys ems. Th ough he pe iscope you can explo e he GR wi h he wild bee ho el and
he pho o ol aic sys em. How na u e can be combined wi h a chi ec u e shows MUGLI wi h
he exhibi ion o bene icial de ices such as nes ing aids o swi s and wild bees. MUGLI aims
o aise awa eness and highligh he ole o GI in ci ies o imp o e he quali y o u ban li ing
[24].
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3.3.2 Anima ion Video, COST Ac ion Ci cula Ci y
To p omo e i s ideas, he COST Ac ion Ci cula Ci y (h ps://ci cula -ci y.eu/) de eloped an
anima ion ideo (Fig. 1N) wi h English speake oice. Wi h he ideo, a posi i e scena io o
he u u e using NBS in ci ies is shown. I is explained, how ci ies by using NBS can become
g een, beau i ul, CO2 neu al and esilien .
In he ideo, solu ions on all le els a e shown:
• G een building ma e ials, including bio composi es wi h plan -based agg ega es;
• G een building sys ems, employed o he g eening o buildings by inco po a ing
ege a ion in hei en elope; and
• G een building si es, emphasizing he alue o ege a ed open spaces and wa e -
sensi i e u ban design.
On he building le el, he ideo showcases he use o plan s and NBS building ma e ials,
he impo an ole o NBS in wa e pu i ica ion and e en ion as well as how buildings can be
ans o med as p oducing cell o he ci y. In public spaces such as pa ks and oads, NBS a e
u ilised o s o m wa e managemen and o p e en ion o u ban hea islands.
The ideo is a ailable a he COST Ac ion’s YouTube® channel
(h ps://www.you ube.com/channel/UCo nNso64Ck1limnd Tw). Besides he English
speake , he unc ion o implemen sub i les has been used o gua an ee ha gene al public can
mo e easily unde s and he message o he ideo. Thus, he English sub i les ha e been
ansla ed by membe s o he COST Ac ion Ci cula Ci y in o 34 languages. These include all
na ional languages o he 39 COST coun ies, some egional languages in he COST coun ies
(e.g., Ca alan (Spain)) as well as o he languages (e.g., A abic, Chinese).
3.3.3 The social p ojec ‘Edible San Na cis Neighbou hood’, Spain
The social p ojec ‘Edible San Na cis Neighbou hood’ s a ed a he end o 2019. The p ojec
seeks o co-c ea e and implemen NBS, such as a communi y ga dens, ainwa e ha es ing and
GW, o closing he wa e and nu ien s cycles and enhancing social engagemen and awa eness
ega ding a g een and jus ansi ion (Fig. 1O). Inside he communi y ga den i sel , an
inno a i e design concep o GW will be buil , which pu s oge he CE p inciples and NBS o
ea men and euse o g eywa e o u ban ag icul u e a u ban scale: he ‘WETWALL’ [25].
The co-c ea ion p ocess employs a pa icipa o y planning me hodology, including om he
onse municipali y ep esen a i es and local s akeholde s. The long- e m expec a ions a e o
ans o m his neighbou hood in o an example o be ollowed in e ms o pa icipa i e c ea ion
and implemen a ion o ci cula NBS. Mo eo e , in a nea u u e, he p ojec is expec ed o
include expe imen al sessions wi h seconda y, g adua e and pos g adua e s uden s o he
Uni e si y o Gi ona in o de o ans e echnical knowledge on design and implemen a ions
o GW and communi y ga dens, aise awa eness conce ning i s ele ance o clima e change
mi iga ion and collec eedback ega ding cons ain s and enable s o he up ake o such NBS.
4 ONLINE PLATFORMS FOR KNOWLEDGE SHARING
The cu en demand o ci ic socie y, public, p i a e and esea ch o ganisa ions o mo e
sus ainable and esilien ci ies along wi h limi ed knowledge sha ing on NBS echnical and

21 / 26
p ac ical ad ancemen s has led o he ise o online pla o ms o acili a e he knowledge
exchange o a p ope mains eaming o NBS in ci ies. The e o e, in he pas 5 yea s, a g ea
a ie y o online pla o ms including di e se o ma do knowledge sha ing such as ca alogues,
da abases, in e ac i e o ums, and ne wo king spaces and ha e been de eloped unde he scope
o Eu opean esea ch and inno a ion p og ammes o suppo knowledge exchange on ope a ion
and main enance o NBS. Some examples o a ailable online pla o ms o knowledge sha ing
can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3 Examples o online Pla o ms o Knowledge Sha ing
U ban Na u e A las / NATURVATION (H2020): The U ban Na u e A las is a collec ion
o mo e han 1000 inspi ing NBS
om Eu opean ci ies and beyond. I
o e s he op ion o b owsing NBS pe
loca ion, ype o NBS (e.g., ex e nal
building g een, allo men s and
communi y ga dens), ocus (e.g.,
c ea ion o new g een a eas,
p o ec ion o na u al ecosys ems),
ini ia ing o ganiza ion (NGOs, p i a e ounda ion) and key-challenges add essed (based on
Eklipse amewo k [3] and Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (SDGs); e.g. cul u al he i age,
wa e managemen ).
NBS ca alogue explo e / NATURE4CITIES (H2020): The NBS ca alogue explo e
showcase mo e han 50 ypologies o
NBS classi ied as s a egies (u ban
planning, p o ec ion and
conse a ion), ac ions (moni o ing,
was e managemen , u ban g een
spaces managemen ) and physical
p ojec s (buildings, wa e , on he
g ound). The NBS a e linked o
po en ial u ban challenges o be
ad essed (adap ed om Eklipse amewo k [3]. Addi ionally, he ool o e s in o ma ion such
as a b ie desc ip ion, po en ial co-bene i s o be deli e ed, implemen a ion scale and gi es
he possibili y o downloading a comp ehensi e ac shee .
Connec ing Na u e En e p ise Pla o m / (H2020): The Connec ing Na u e En e p ise
pla o m is an online ma ke place ha
aims o connec a wide ange o NBS
en e p ises and o ganiza ions (e.g.
indi iduals, en e p ises, ci y councils,
p i a e de elope s, esea che s,
policy make s) in o de o acili a e
he knowledge sha ing on design,
managemen and moni o ing o NBS
as well as he di usion o p oduc s/se ices o he planning, deli e y and/o s ewa dship o
NBS, ei he o economic o non-economic pu poses. The e o e, he pla o m connec s
supplie s o na u e wi h buye s o na u e, na u e-based en e p ises wi h inancing, inno a o s
wi h hose seeking inspi a ion, policy-make s wi h p ac i ione s.
22 / 26
In e ac i e ca alogue / EdiCi Ne (H2020): The in e ac i e ca alogue aims o consolida e
in o ma ion abou wo ldwide edible
NBS (eNBS) while p omo ing
knowledge sha ing, ne wo king, and
lea ning among people in ol ed o
willing o ge in ol ed wi h hese
ini ia i es. I deli e s a comphensi e
collec ion o mo e han 300 eNBS, in
which use can ge inspi a ion and
in e ac wi h. I allows use o explo e eNBS pe ype o p oduc s and ac i i ies o e ed,
ini ial budge equi ed, ype o ad e isemen and unding. Adi ionally, use can access he
p o ile o eNBS o ge mo e de ailed in o ma ion such as a b ie desc ip ion, p oduc s,
ac i i ies and isual g aphs o ECS pe o mance in e ms o u ban challenges and ecosys em
se ices p o ided. As an added alue, unlike o he ca alogs, he in e ac i e ca alogue
acili a es he c ea ion o ne wo ks. The ool o e s a se o in e ac i e unc ions ha make i
a ue social ne wo k o use s. Use s can lea e commen s and ques ions o ollow p o iles
o ecei e upda es on e en s and news.
Tools o co-c ea ion / UNALAB (H2020): I is a comp ehensi e ca alogue showcasing
di e se ools o suppo p occeses o
co-c ea ion o NBS. The ools a e
o ganized acco ding o he pu poses o
he co-c ea ion p ocess and o es s a
a ie y o me hods, games, empla es,
wo kshops o inden i ica ion o
sui able NBS in line wi h end-use
needs and goals, gene a e inno a i e
solu ions h ough unleashing c ea i i y and disco e ing aluable insigh s, designing ac ion
plans o achie e long- e m aims, es ing and alida ion o implemen ed solu ions and e alua e
public eac ion o a solu ion.
OPPLA: Oppla is an open pla o m which wo ks as he EU Reposi o y o NBS. I aims o
p omo e he consolida ion and
c ea ion o knowledge on NBS o
be e manage he en i onmen . I is
designed o suppo knowledge
sha ing ac oss a wide ange o end-
use s (e.g. scien is is, policy make s;
public, p i a e and olun a y sec o s;
as well as indi iduals). The e o e o
o e a g ea a ie y o se ices and
ools such as Ma ke place and case o
s udies, whe e he la es hinking on na u al capi al, ecosys em se ices and NBS is b ough
oge he and Ask Oppla is c owd-sou ced enqui y se ice designed o suppo knowledge
exchange be ween use s conce ning opics ela ed o NBS.
The online pla o ms p esen ed in Table 3 a e only a small piece o wha has been done
in e ms o online ools o knowledge sha ing on NBS. Ou o 70 NBS ools e iewed unde
he scope o The ACTionNBS p ojec , app oxima ely 50% we e in o ma i e and p o ide
23 / 26
guidance h ough knowledge sha ing mechanisms (ca alogues, da abases, handbooks e c) [26].
Conside ing he no el y and wo ldwide ele ance o he NBS opic, such ise numbe o online
pla o ms and ools a e unde s andable. Hence, nowadays is no a ques ion o
de eloping/enhancing knowledge sha ing pla o m bu o p omo e he in eg a ion and
communica ion be ween such pla o ms o acili a e public access a oid seg ega ion o end-
use s and hus a ou s long- e m and sui able knowledge sha ing ac oss NBS communi y.
Mo eo e , exis ing ools p o ide limi ed guidance conce ning esou ces needed and hei
managemen in he sense o esou ces eco e y. The e o e, i NBS a e o be implemen ed as a
solu ion o omen a sus ainable esou ces managemen in ci ies hen he ools equi e s ic ly
c oss-disciplina y app oach and hus hey mus in eg a e da a ela ed o he pe o mance o NBS
in e ms o wa e , ood, ene gy, and was e managemen .
5 CONCLUSIONS
Educa ional ac i i ies h ough NBS – o which selec ed examples ha e been desc ibed in his
chap e – aim o inc ease en i onmen al ci izenship by iden i ying speci ic a ge g oups and
eaching ou o hem (1) he co e idea o NBS and (2) he bene i s o closed loops using NBS.
As di e en as he a ge g oups a e, as di e en is he app oach o hem and he eaching
con en o be impa ed.
In o mal highe educa ion, exis ing ac i i ies co e ex-ca hed a lec u es, semina s and
excu sions, o pilo NBS o s uden s o di e en g adua e and pos -g adua e p og ammes. This
can be upg aded by he inclusion o in i ed lec u es om p ac i ione s and o he disciplines,
ound ables wi h businesses and a me s, wo kshops, hands-on exe cises a demo si es, and
pilo plan s. The aim is o uni y, consolida e and upg ade he con en ega ding closing he wa e
and nu ien cycles, by en iching he exis ing p og ammes, o p oposing new elec i e cou ses.
The o ma o eaching may be imp o ed by:
• Di e si ying he exis ing cou ses wi h in i ed lec u es and ound ables in ol ing
lec u es om o he acul ies and p ac i ione s.
• Including mo e p ac ical wo k and hands-on ainings a NBS pilo plan s, and
elsewhe e.
• P oposing a special se o elec i e cou ses on his opic a di e en acul ies.
• Enhancing he in e disciplina i y aspec s hough in eg a ion, i.e., combining a se
o on- e ain exchange o knowledge, and expe iences om a di e se ield o
sciences ha deal wi h wa e managemen (social, en i onmen al, spa ial, biology,
heal h, ood p oduc ion e c.).
• Summe schools on closed cycles managemen .
Addi ionally, educa ion on NBS and ci cula i y in ci ies needs o each ou o o mal
educa ion by de eloping new cu icula and educa ional ac i i ies. Depending on he desi ed
ou come, con en and me hods mus be adap ed o a ge g oups wi h e y di e en
equi emen s, such as child en, alumni g oups o li elong lea ning, membe s o di e en
chambe s (e.g. chambe s o Enginee s, Ag icul u e and Fo es y, and A chi ec s), a me
associa ions and u ban a me s, oca ional ainings a seconda y schools, employees a he
municipali ies, SMEs, and o he s akeholde s ha a e iden i ied in a ci y, as well as he gene al
public. I is impo an ha s uden s o building p o essions – landscape a chi ec s, a chi ec s
and enginee s – exchange expe ience and co-lea n how he in eg a ion o NBS in o a chi ec u al
and u ban design can help c ea e mo e sus ainable and ci cula u ban se ings, o he bene i o
people and he en i onmen .
24 / 26
Acknowledgemen s
The wo k was ca ied ou wi hin he COST Ac ion CA17133 Ci cula Ci y (‘Implemen ing
na u e-based solu ions o c ea ing a esou ce ul ci cula ci y’, h ps://www.ci cula -ci y.eu,
du a ion 22 Oc 2018 - 21 Oc 2022). COST Ac ions a e unded wi hin he EU Ho izon
P og ammes. The au ho s a e g a e ul o he suppo .
The au ho s acknowledge all o ganisa ions ha we e unding he educa ional ac i i ies
desc ibed. De ailed in o ma ion on unding o a speci ic ac i i ies can be ound in he espec i e
e e ences.
Addi ionally, we hank Ms. Kulla om FEZ-Be lin and Ms. Baganz om IGB Be lin o hei
insigh s. The au ho s acknowledge P o . Luis Pé ez-U es a azu and P o . An onio F anco-
Salas o p o ide pe mission o publish he ETSIA images a he Uni e si y o Se ille, and he
images om he cou se a COIAA, espec i ely. School ga den images om he ‘P og ama
Aldea’ a e published by kind pe mission o M . José M. Calleja Mele o and M . Fe nando Ruiz
Que o om he ‘Colegio Sag ada Familia, Las F ancesas’.
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