HBIM ORIENTED TOWARDS THE MASTER PLAN OF THE CHARTERHOUSE OF
JEREZ (CÁDIZ, SPAIN)
M.Cas ellano-Román 1*, F- Pin o-Pue o 2
1 Uni e si y o Se ille, Dep . o A chi ec u al G aphical Exp ession, S a egies o He i age Knowledge (HUM799), A . Reina
Me cedes, 41012 Se ille, Spain – [email p o ec ed]
2 Uni e si y o Se ille, Ins i u e o A chi ec u e and Building Science (IUACC), A . Reina Me cedes, 41012 Se ille, Spain –
[email p o ec ed]
Commission II, WG II/8
KEY WORDS: HBIM, BIM, He i age Managemen , A chi ec u al He i age, Cha e house o Je ez.
ABSTRACT:
This pape is ocused on he possibili ies o He i age Building In o ma ion Modelling HBIM o enhance he s a egic planning o la ge
monumen s ensembles in a Mas e Plan. The s udy case is he Cha e house o Je ez (Cádiz, Spain), a monumen acknowledged wi h
he highes le el o legal p o ec ion since 1856. I s HBIM model, de eloped wi h a Le el o Knowledge LOK200, p o ides app op ia e
alphanume ical and g aphical ou pu s o s a egic decision-making on he majo guidelines o he i age managemen : esea ch,
p o ec ion, conse a ion and dissemina ion. This LOK200 HBIM model eme ges om he in eg a ion o g aphic in o ma ion p oduced
wi h di e en echniques, om his o ic plans o pho og amme ic su eys. In ela ion o esea ch, he a chi ec u al analysis equi ed
o gene a e he HBIM model has de ined i s cons uc i e elemen s and spaces, i s cons uc ion p ocess and he highe he i age po en ial
a eas. In addi ion, he syn he ic iews p oduced om he model ha e allowed unexpec ed ela ionships and conclusions abou he
monumen . In ela ion o p o ec ion, a p ecise delimi a ion o he monumen si e and i s su oundings ha e been de ined. Fu he mo e,
a eas wi h di e en le els o ulne abili y ha e been cha ac e ized. In ela ion o conse a ion, he se e i y o he damages in he main
s uc u es and he u gency o he in e en ions ha e been de ined. In ela ion o dissemina ion, he ela ionship be ween i s cu en
eligious use and he odds o public isi ha e been p esen ed.
1. INTRODUCTION
In ecen yea s, he use o BIM me hodology in he ield o
cul u al he i age has accumula ed a wide se o expe iences, wi h
deep di e ences in objec i es, me hodologies and esul s. Some
o hem deals wi h he modelling o his o ical buildings as a
pa icula case o he modelling o complex geome ies
associa ed wi h pa ame ic design (Aubin, 2013), placing his line
o wo k wi hin he con ex o he echniques o i ual
econs uc ion and isualiza ion o his o ic buildings, whose
e e ence documen is he so-called P inciples o Se ille (López-
Menche o and G ande, 2011), based on i s di ec p eceden , he
London Cha e .
Many o he s ha e a ended o he semiau oma ic gene a ion o
high geome ic accu a e models based on digi al cap u es o poin
clouds (Mu phy e al., 2011) (B usapo ci, 2015) (Ga agnani and
Man e dini, 2013).
Howe e , BIM me hodology o e s he Le el o De elopmen
concep , which o e s he possibili y o ea ly s ages wi h a basic
de ini ion o he geome y and he in o ma ion. Tha has
sugges ed he adap a ion o he LOD concep in he ield o
cul u al he i age named as Le el o Knowledge LOK and, as a
consequence, he adap a ion o he geome ic and in o ma ion
cha ac e iza ion o he pu pose o he model (Cas ellano Román
and Pin o Pue o, n.d.) Thus, in his HBIM app oach, he p io i y
is no he achie emen o high p ecision h ee-dimensional
modelling, bu a he he explo a ion o BIM possibili ies as
ega ds a chi ec u al su ey (Figu e 1).
*Co esponding au ho
Figu e 1: HBIM Cha e house o Je ez, phase 07 (1769-1835)
In his sense, a case ha is ele an o his esea ch is he
Aqueduc o Aguas Lib es in Lisbon. This wo k p oposes a
me hodological op ion ha pos pones he acquisi ion o
maximum p ecision by he model o he geome ic de ini ion o
he elemen s, which can be accessed la e , o he sake o an
in eg al app oach o he he i age asse as a whole ha add essed
he u gency o i s e alua ion in o de o p e en loss (Rua and
Gil, 2014). Ano he case wi h simila concep ual ounda ions is
ha de eloped in he I alica A chaeological Complex, whe e he
si e is ea ed in i s en i e y by es ablishing an ac i e ca og aphic
base (Pin o e al., 2011) o he sys ema iza ion o he i age
in o ma ion o he complex, using BIM sys ems o he
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managemen o diagnosis and conse a ion (Pin o e al., 2010).
F om an ini ial basic de ini ion, bu which co e s he en i e
complex, he esponse o he equi emen s p oposed o i s
Mas e Plan a e add essed. Subsequen ly, p og ess is made in he
le el o de elopmen o a de ined a ea, wi h a speci ic p ojec o
he Casa de Hylas, in which pho og amme ic accu acy was
achie ed (Angulo Fo nos, 2009). Finally, he case o he Chu ch
o San Ped o de A cos de la F on e a (Cas ellano Román, 2013).
In his wo k, he gene a ion o he model and he in o ma ion
s uc u e linked o i we e ocused on esea ch and legal
p o ec ion h ough egis a ion as an asse o cul u al in e es .
1.1 Case s udy
The asse selec ed o s udy is he Cha e house o Nues a
Seño a de la De ensión in Je ez de la F on e a, a monas e y
loca ed i e kilome es om he u ban cen e, occupying a
con ined a ea be ween he Je ez exp essway o Medina Sidonia
and he Guadale e Ri e (Figu e 2). I s a chi ec u al
con igu a ion is a icula ed a ound he monas ic nucleus, which
is su ounded by di e en s uc u es o di e en o igins and
unc ions, which esul om i s long his o ical p ocess.
The ounda ion was cons uc ed in he 15 h cen u y and i s
cons uc i e e olu ion de elops h oughou he 16 h and 17 h
cen u ies h ough he end o he 18 h cen u y. Du ing he 19 h
and 20 h cen u ies, he Cha e house o Je ez expe ienced uin,
plunde and neglec wi h espec o i s cul u al alue, p o ec ion
and conse a ion.
The esul o hese his o ical uphea als is he Asse o Cul u al
In e es ha su i es oday and in which, a om esolu ion o
he con on a ion be ween loss and conse a ion o i s he i age
alue, gaps emain in managemen , unwo hy o i s he i age
alue and in he s a e o knowledge ha he disciplines conce ned
in e ms o cul u al he i age ha e eached, se iously h ea ening
i s su i al. I s unques ionable he i age alue and i s huge
ex ension u ns i in o a complex case o he i age managemen .
Figu e 2: Cha e house o Je ez. Ae ial pho og aphy in he
middle o he 20 h cen u y.
1.2 Me hodology
The me hodology o he gene a ion o an HBIM model o he
Cha e house o Je ez, o ien ed owa ds he s a egic planning o
i s he i age managemen , has been de eloped in ou o e lapped
s ages, whose in e ac ions ha e enhanced i s con en s.
The i s s age has been he documen a y sou ces e iew in o de
o p oduce an in o ma ion eposi o y, as comp ehensi e as
possible. This eposi o y has p o ided he he i age da a equi ed
o model he monas e y. I has been called He i age Building
In o ma ion Reposi o y, HBIR. The second s age has been he
use o he building i sel as a documen a y sou ce, eading he
angible aces ha con i m o e u e he da a ob ained om he
documen s. The hi d s age has been he a chi ec onical analysis,
o ien ed owa ds he in e p e a ion o he design and building
p ocesses and he a chi ec onical space concep s implied in hem.
The ou h s age has been he gene a ion o he HBIM model,
es ing he building p ocess o he Cha e house o Je ez i ually.
2. BASES FOR A MASTER PLAN OF THE
CHARTERHOUSE OF JEREZ.
The Spanish Na ional Plan on Abbeys, Monas e ies and
Con en s, PNAMC, add esses he equi emen o a Mas e Plan
in o de o es ablish he majo guidelines o he he i age
managemen o he Cha e house o Je ez. Once he HBIM model
o he Cha e house o Je ez has been gene a ed a a LOK200
Le el o Knowledge and he He i age Building In o ma ion
Reposi o y is p epa ed, he ounda ion has been laid o his
s a egic documen (Cas ellano Román and Pin o Pue o, n.d.).
This esea ch does no aim he au oma ic gene a ion o a Mas e
Plan, as his ype o documen is based on he in e es s o a wide
spec um o s akeholde s: echnicians, Cul u al Adminis a ion,
owne s and usu uc ua ies, which ha e no been di ec ly in ol ed
in his esea ch. Fu he mo e, hey equi e a wide and deep se ies
o diagnos ic wo ks una o dable in he con ex o his esea ch.
Ne e heless, he p oposed me hodology o e s g aphic and
alphanume ic in o ma ion o s a egic decision-making on he
majo lines o he i age managemen : esea ch, p o ec ion,
conse a ion and dissemina ion.
2.1 Resea ch
In ela ion o esea ch, wo p ocesses ha e o be aken in o
accoun . Fi s ly, he a chi ec u al analysis equi ed o gene a e
he HBIM model has de ined i s cons uc i e elemen s and
spaces, i s cons uc ion p ocess and he highe he i age po en ial
a eas.
Secondly, once he HBIM model is a ailable, he syn he ic iews
p oduced om he model ha e allowed unexpec ed ela ionships
and conclusions. Fo example, he model has made possible a
iew showing he ex ensi e impac o demoli ions and s uc u al
damages once he monas e y was abandoned 1835, making
possible a new unde s anding o i s e olu ion (Figu e 3).
Figu e 3: Ruins and demoli ions scope a e he secula iza ion
o he monas e y. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez, phase 08:
Secula iza ion (1835-1875)
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The comp ehensi e he i age in e p e a ion o he Cha e house o
Je ez has enabled a classi ica ion o he a eas o he monas e y
acco ding o hei po en ial o p oduce signi ican da a e using,
comple ing o inspi ing new esea ch. The me hodologies and
ools o be applied o e i y each hypo hesis should be
de e mined in he in e en ion p ojec s: g ound pene a ing ada ,
magne ic measu emen s, a chaeological exca a ion, e c. In his
poin , i is mo e ele an o de ine he ques ions o be asked abou
he monumen han he echnology o be used o answe hem.
The e o e, he concep “he i age po en ial” has been de ined as
an es ima ion o he quan i y and quali y o he i age in o ma ion
ha can be achie ed in any a ea o he cul u al asse . This concep
has been codi ied as an in o ma ion pa ame e associa ed o he
elemen s o he HBIM model. Two se ings a e p ede ined o
“he i age po en ial” pa ame e : “gene ic” o “speci ic”.
“Gene ic” alue has been he mos widesp ead, as i means an
alignmen wi h he he i age po en ial o he monumen as a
whole. On he o he hand, “Speci ic” alue has been alloca ed in
a eas poo ly s udied bu wi h high expec a ions o knowledge
g ow h (Figu e 4) .
Figu e 4: He i age Po en ial iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.2 P o ec ion
Al hough he Cha e house o Je ez is a monumen
acknowledged wi h he highes le el o legal p o ec ion since
1856, o pe haps p ecisely o his eason, i s legal p o ec ion
lacks an upda ed de ini ion and a p ecise delimi a ion o he
monumen si e and i s su oundings. In addi ion, he e a e se e al
s akeholde s conce ned by he monumen , especially he Spanish
S a e as owne , he Ca holic Chu ch as usu uc ua y and he
Regional Go e nmen o Andalusia, which is esponsible o
he i age issues. This ci cums ance has made e en mo e complex
and con o e sial han usual any decision-making dealing wi h
he p o ec ion o he Cha e house. In hese ci cums ances, own-
planning ules o Je ez de la F on e a and i s A chaeological
Cha (González Rod íguez, 2008) a e he mos e ec i e legal
amewo k o i s p o ec ion.
Hence, an upda ed iden i ica ion o he Cha e house o Je ez as
an Asse o Cul u al In e es is necessa y. The elemen s o he
HBIM model ha e included a pa ame e o iden i y i s belonging
o he monumen complex i sel o i s su oundings. A p ecise
delimi a ion o he monumen si e and i s p o ec ion su oundings
was de ined, including no only he mos ecognisable buildings
o he monumen complex bu also hose o he buildings and
su oundings which comple e i s he i age alue in a
comp ehensi e sense: a is ic, his o ical, e hnog aphical,
e i o ial, social-economic, in o he wo ds, as a pa o a cul u al
landscape (Figu e 5).
Figu e 5: Delimi a ion plan iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
Howe e , he i age p o ec ion should no be unde s ood jus as a
legal issue o deal wi h once he damage is done. In con as , i
should be managed as a p e en i e s a egy in o de o sa e he
he i age alues o he monumen o he u u e. Thus, a
pa ame e named “ ulne abili y” has been de ined in he HBIM
model o cha ac e ize he isk o losing he i age alues. Tha
concep should no be unde s ood as equi alen o s a e o
conse a ion. In ac , a buil elemen could be pe ec ly p ese ed
bu ex emely ulne able because o an inadequa e p o ec ion.
Fo he pu poses o his esea ch, ou le els o ulne abili y ha e
been es ablished:
•MAXIMUM: Imminen isk o ex ensi e loss o signi ican
he i age alues.
•HIGH: Imminen isk o pa ial loss o signi ican he i age
alues.
•MEDIUM: Fo eseeable isk, no exhibi ed
•LOW: No o eseeable isk.
Acco ding o his se ings, a eas wi h di e en le els o
ulne abili y we e cha ac e ized (Figu e 6).
Figu e 6: Vulne abili y iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
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2.3 Conse a ion
The issue o conse a ion o he Cha e house, as be i s a high
complex monumen , has o be manage in se e al le els o
de elopmen . This esea ch is conce ned by he p elimina y
diagnosis, gene a ion o knowledge and p e en i e conse a ion
and in e en ion planning. Thus, pa ame e s dealing wi h he
se e i y o he damages in he main s uc u es and he u gency o
he in e en ions we e de ined. Fo he pu poses o his esea ch,
ou le els o damages ha e been es ablished:
• MAXIMUM: Imminen uin.
• HIGH: Se e e damages, secu i y comp omised.
• MEDIUM: Signi ican damages, secu i y no comp omised.
• LOW: Ini ial eco e able damages.
Figu e 7: S a e o conse a ion: le els o damages. HBIM
Cha e house o Je ez, phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
In he same ein, ou le els o u gency o in e en ion ha e been
es ablished:
• MAXIMUM: in e en ion equi ed o a oid ex ensi e
i e e sible uin.
• HIGH: in e en ion equi ed o a oid pa ial i e e sible uin.
• MEDIUM: in e en ion equi ed o a oid signi ican damages.
• LOW: in e en ion equi ed o a oid ini ial damages (Figu e 8).
Figu e 8: U gency o in e en ion. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.4 Dissemina ion
The issues ela ed o dissemina ion, which a e meag e in he
Cha e house o Je ez, ha e been cha ac e ized by speci ic
pa ame e s in he HBIM model. The issue o he limi ed isi s o
he monumen has been speci ically add essed. The pa ame e
“ isi s” has been de ined in he HBIM model wi h h ee possible
se ings: open, es ic ed, clois e (Figu e 9).
Figu e 9: Visi s iew: open, es ic ed, clois e . HBIM
Cha e house o Je ez, phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.5 Mas e Plan
The monas e y Mas e Plan con en p oposed by he PNAMC is
o ganized in a numbe o blocks o in o ma ion and ac ions plans.
The blocks o in o ma ion de ined a e: Gene al, Documen al,
Immo able, Mo able, In angible and Cul u al Landscape. The
ac ions plans a e P e en i e Conse a ion, In e en ions,
Main enance, O ganiza ion, Uses, Managemen and
Dissemina ion. This documen s uc u e and con en s is
suppo ed by he me hodological esou ces om 20 h cen u y,
s ill in o ce in many o he a eas, bu no upda ed no he la es
g aphic and in o ma ion esou ces in o de o an e icien and
sus ainable managemen o he cul u al he i age. I is jus i ied
he eunde how hese blocks o in o ma ion and ac ions plans
equi ed by he PNAMC had been add essed om he HBIM and
HBIR o he Cha e house o Je ez.
In acco dance wi h de PNAMC, he Mas e Plan Gene al Block
has o con ain a gene al desc ip ion o he monumen , a his o ical
and ch onological epo , a p e ious in e en ions epo and a
legal epo abou he owne s, easemen s, go e nance sys em,
p i ileges, legacies, ounda ions, e c. This in o ma ion is hos ed
in di e en loca ions in he HBIM model. The i s and mo e
gene ic loca ion is “P ojec In o ma ion”. Gene al desc ip ions
a e included in his loca ion, sha ed by he cen al p ojec and
e e y linked p ojec , so ha is he mos syn he ic desc ip ion o
he monumen . Ch onology and p e ious in e en ions epo a e
no p esen ed as closed documen s, bu as da a base epo s: open
and upda able. The ex e nal da a base and phase il e ed HBIM
iews ill ou hose equi emen s. Finally, he legal epo eme ge
om he analysis o se e al p o ec ion issues, hos ed in he
HBIR, and syn he ized in a p oposal o p ecise delimi a ion o
he monumen si e and i s su oundings.
In acco dance wi h de PNAMC, he Mas e Plan Immo able
Block mus include he a chi ec onical desc ip ion o he
monumen , he exis ing documen a ion compila ion and
ca aloguing, own-planning ules a ec ing he monumen and i s
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su oundings, he s a e o conse a ion and he in e en ion
p oposals, including i s economic alua ion. The a chi ec onical
desc ip ion has been al eady included in he “P ojec
In o ma ion” pa ame e s o he HBIM model. The ca aloguing
and comp ehensi e compila ion o exis ing documen a ion ha e
been so ed ou in he He i age Building Reposi o y HBIR, which
o e s no only a lis o documen sou ces bu a digi al s uc u e
o op imize he access and consul a ion. Town-planning ules
a ec ing he monumen and i s su oundings has also i s speci ic
loca ion in HBIR. In addi ion, a gene al diagnos ic o he s a e o
conse a ion and in e en ion u gency has been made. I s esul s
ha e been exp essed in plan and schedules iews, di ec ly
ob ained om he HBIM model. The economic alua ion o
in e en ion p oposals alls ou side he scope o his wo k.
Ne e heless, i is possible o add ess an economic es ima e based
on he da a om he HBIM model: c ossing su ace a ea wi h
s a e o conse a ion and applying gene ic cos modules
acco ding o he damages deg ee.
Mo able and In angible Blocks equi ed by he PNAMC ha e
been aking in o accoun in he gene al me hodology, bu i s
de elopmen ha e been pos poned o u u e esea ch.
Documen al and Bibliog aphic Block associa ed wi h he
monumen is sol ed in he HBIR, whe e e e y single e e ence,
mos o hem de ached om i and dispe sed in di e en
loca ions, is iden i ied and desc ibed.
Cul u al Landscape Block ha e been also analysed, as he
monumen has been conside ed an indissoluble pa o i .
Howe e , BIM models a e app op ia e o a chi ec onical scale
as GIS models a e o e i o ial scale. A comp ehensi e and
e icien he i age managemen equi es he connexion be ween
BIM and GIS, so ha is a challenge o u u e esea ch.
In ela ion o In e en ion Plans, he HBIM model o e s he basic
in o ma ion o be de ined. The in o ma ion s uc u e associa ed
wi h he model includes wo signi ican pa ame e s on his
ma e : “In e en ion u gency” and “Vulne abili y”. G aphical
and alphanume ical ou pu s ha e been p oduced o cha ac e ize
hose issues in he Cha e house o Je ez. De elopmen o HBIM
model o highe Le els o Knowledge should enable a mo e
accu a e iden i ica ion and isk assessmen , in o de o p oduce
p e en i e conse a ion and in e en ion plans on immo able,
mo able and e hnog aphic he i age. Fu he mo e, he pa ame e s
which should enable a pe iodic main enance plan ha e been
cha ac e ized, pending he speci ic s udies on p ocedu es,
echnical and human esou ces and economic alua ion.
In ela ion o Dissemina ion Plan, coo dina ion o all he
s akeholde s is equi ed o deal wi h he issue o public isi bu
also dissemina ion ac i i ies, use managemen and
communica ion media s a egies.
Planime ic and pho og aphic documen a ion equi ed o he
Mas e Plan by he PNAMC is a clea example o he
me hodological obsolescence o his ype o documen s. The
in es men s equi ed o p oduce hese planime ic and
pho og aphic documen s is ine icien i hey a e no associa ed
o upda able and accessible ools o all agen s in ol ed. In his
ega d, he planime ic ou pu om a unique HBIM model
ensu es upda able and consis en in o ma ion. Documen
managemen ools should change pho og aphic desc ip i e
epo s in o a mo e e icien ool, enabling me ada a labelling o
pho og aphical collec ions and specialized sea ches.
3. CONCLUSIONS
He i age Building In o ma ion Modelling HBIM enhance he
s a egic planning o la ge monumen s ensembles. HBIM model
o he Cha e house o Je ez (Cádiz, Spain), de eloped wi h a
Le el o Knowledge LOK200, p o ides app op ia e
alphanume ical and g aphical ou pu s o s a egic decision-
making on he majo guidelines o he i age managemen :
esea ch, p o ec ion, conse a ion and dissemina ion.
The bases o a Mas e Plan o he Cha e house o Je ez ha e
aken in o accoun he in o ma ion con en equi ed by he
Spanish Na ional Plan on Abbeys, Monas e ies and Con en s.
Ne e heless, i s speci ica ions ha e been c i ically e iewed in
o de o he new echnological esou ces, which a e opening new
ways o he i age managemen .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The au ho s would like o hank o he help om colleagues
in ol ed in he La e Go hic Ne wo k Conso ium, he Andalusian
Ins i u e o His o ic He i age, IAPH, and he esea ch g oup
HUM799 S a egies o a he i age knowledge.
This in es iga ion o ms pa o P ojec HAR2016-78113-R o
he Na ional Resea ch, De elopmen and Inno a ion P og amme
Aimed a he Challenges o Socie y sponso ed by he Minis y o
Economy and Compe i i eness o Spain.
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