HBIM Oriented Towards the Master Plan of the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain)
Abstract
This paper is focused on the possibilities of Heritage Building Information Modelling HBIM to enhance the strategic planning of large monuments ensembles in a Master Plan. The study case is the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain), a monument acknowledged with the highest level of legal protection since 1856. Its HBIM model, developed with a Level of Knowledge LOK200, provides appropriate alphanumerical and graphical outputs for strategic decision-making on the major guidelines of heritage management: research, protection, conservation and dissemination. This LOK200 HBIM model emerges from the integration of graphic information produced with different techniques, from historic plans to photogrammetric surveys. In relation to research, the architectural analysis required to generate the HBIM model has defined its constructive elements and spaces, its construction process and the higher heritage potential areas. In addition, the synthetic views produced from the model have allowed unexpected relationships and conclusions about the monument. In relation to protection, a precise delimitation of the monument site and its surroundings have been defined. Furthermore, areas with different levels of vulnerability have been characterized. In relation to conservation, the severity of the damages in the main structures and the urgency of the interventions have been defined. In relation to dissemination, the relationship between its current religious use and the odds for public visit have been presented. © 2019 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.
Full text
HBIM ORIENTED TOWARDS THE MASTER PLAN OF THE CHARTERHOUSE OF
JEREZ (CÁDIZ, SPAIN)
M.Cas ellano-Román 1*, F- Pin o-Pue o 2
1 Uni e si y o Se ille, Dep . o A chi ec u al G aphical Exp ession, S a egies o He i age Knowledge (HUM799), A . Reina
Me cedes, 41012 Se ille, Spain – [email p o ec ed]
2 Uni e si y o Se ille, Ins i u e o A chi ec u e and Building Science (IUACC), A . Reina Me cedes, 41012 Se ille, Spain –
[email p o ec ed]
Commission II, WG II/8
KEY WORDS: HBIM, BIM, He i age Managemen , A chi ec u al He i age, Cha e house o Je ez.
ABSTRACT:
This pape is ocused on he possibili ies o He i age Building In o ma ion Modelling HBIM o enhance he s a egic planning o la ge
monumen s ensembles in a Mas e Plan. The s udy case is he Cha e house o Je ez (Cádiz, Spain), a monumen acknowledged wi h
he highes le el o legal p o ec ion since 1856. I s HBIM model, de eloped wi h a Le el o Knowledge LOK200, p o ides app op ia e
alphanume ical and g aphical ou pu s o s a egic decision-making on he majo guidelines o he i age managemen : esea ch,
p o ec ion, conse a ion and dissemina ion. This LOK200 HBIM model eme ges om he in eg a ion o g aphic in o ma ion p oduced
wi h di e en echniques, om his o ic plans o pho og amme ic su eys. In ela ion o esea ch, he a chi ec u al analysis equi ed
o gene a e he HBIM model has de ined i s cons uc i e elemen s and spaces, i s cons uc ion p ocess and he highe he i age po en ial
a eas. In addi ion, he syn he ic iews p oduced om he model ha e allowed unexpec ed ela ionships and conclusions abou he
monumen . In ela ion o p o ec ion, a p ecise delimi a ion o he monumen si e and i s su oundings ha e been de ined. Fu he mo e,
a eas wi h di e en le els o ulne abili y ha e been cha ac e ized. In ela ion o conse a ion, he se e i y o he damages in he main
s uc u es and he u gency o he in e en ions ha e been de ined. In ela ion o dissemina ion, he ela ionship be ween i s cu en
eligious use and he odds o public isi ha e been p esen ed.
1. INTRODUCTION
In ecen yea s, he use o BIM me hodology in he ield o
cul u al he i age has accumula ed a wide se o expe iences, wi h
deep di e ences in objec i es, me hodologies and esul s. Some
o hem deals wi h he modelling o his o ical buildings as a
pa icula case o he modelling o complex geome ies
associa ed wi h pa ame ic design (Aubin, 2013), placing his line
o wo k wi hin he con ex o he echniques o i ual
econs uc ion and isualiza ion o his o ic buildings, whose
e e ence documen is he so-called P inciples o Se ille (López-
Menche o and G ande, 2011), based on i s di ec p eceden , he
London Cha e .
Many o he s ha e a ended o he semiau oma ic gene a ion o
high geome ic accu a e models based on digi al cap u es o poin
clouds (Mu phy e al., 2011) (B usapo ci, 2015) (Ga agnani and
Man e dini, 2013).
Howe e , BIM me hodology o e s he Le el o De elopmen
concep , which o e s he possibili y o ea ly s ages wi h a basic
de ini ion o he geome y and he in o ma ion. Tha has
sugges ed he adap a ion o he LOD concep in he ield o
cul u al he i age named as Le el o Knowledge LOK and, as a
consequence, he adap a ion o he geome ic and in o ma ion
cha ac e iza ion o he pu pose o he model (Cas ellano Román
and Pin o Pue o, n.d.) Thus, in his HBIM app oach, he p io i y
is no he achie emen o high p ecision h ee-dimensional
modelling, bu a he he explo a ion o BIM possibili ies as
ega ds a chi ec u al su ey (Figu e 1).
*Co esponding au ho
Figu e 1: HBIM Cha e house o Je ez, phase 07 (1769-1835)
In his sense, a case ha is ele an o his esea ch is he
Aqueduc o Aguas Lib es in Lisbon. This wo k p oposes a
me hodological op ion ha pos pones he acquisi ion o
maximum p ecision by he model o he geome ic de ini ion o
he elemen s, which can be accessed la e , o he sake o an
in eg al app oach o he he i age asse as a whole ha add essed
he u gency o i s e alua ion in o de o p e en loss (Rua and
Gil, 2014). Ano he case wi h simila concep ual ounda ions is
ha de eloped in he I alica A chaeological Complex, whe e he
si e is ea ed in i s en i e y by es ablishing an ac i e ca og aphic
base (Pin o e al., 2011) o he sys ema iza ion o he i age
in o ma ion o he complex, using BIM sys ems o he
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managemen o diagnosis and conse a ion (Pin o e al., 2010).
F om an ini ial basic de ini ion, bu which co e s he en i e
complex, he esponse o he equi emen s p oposed o i s
Mas e Plan a e add essed. Subsequen ly, p og ess is made in he
le el o de elopmen o a de ined a ea, wi h a speci ic p ojec o
he Casa de Hylas, in which pho og amme ic accu acy was
achie ed (Angulo Fo nos, 2009). Finally, he case o he Chu ch
o San Ped o de A cos de la F on e a (Cas ellano Román, 2013).
In his wo k, he gene a ion o he model and he in o ma ion
s uc u e linked o i we e ocused on esea ch and legal
p o ec ion h ough egis a ion as an asse o cul u al in e es .
1.1 Case s udy
The asse selec ed o s udy is he Cha e house o Nues a
Seño a de la De ensión in Je ez de la F on e a, a monas e y
loca ed i e kilome es om he u ban cen e, occupying a
con ined a ea be ween he Je ez exp essway o Medina Sidonia
and he Guadale e Ri e (Figu e 2). I s a chi ec u al
con igu a ion is a icula ed a ound he monas ic nucleus, which
is su ounded by di e en s uc u es o di e en o igins and
unc ions, which esul om i s long his o ical p ocess.
The ounda ion was cons uc ed in he 15 h cen u y and i s
cons uc i e e olu ion de elops h oughou he 16 h and 17 h
cen u ies h ough he end o he 18 h cen u y. Du ing he 19 h
and 20 h cen u ies, he Cha e house o Je ez expe ienced uin,
plunde and neglec wi h espec o i s cul u al alue, p o ec ion
and conse a ion.
The esul o hese his o ical uphea als is he Asse o Cul u al
In e es ha su i es oday and in which, a om esolu ion o
he con on a ion be ween loss and conse a ion o i s he i age
alue, gaps emain in managemen , unwo hy o i s he i age
alue and in he s a e o knowledge ha he disciplines conce ned
in e ms o cul u al he i age ha e eached, se iously h ea ening
i s su i al. I s unques ionable he i age alue and i s huge
ex ension u ns i in o a complex case o he i age managemen .
Figu e 2: Cha e house o Je ez. Ae ial pho og aphy in he
middle o he 20 h cen u y.
1.2 Me hodology
The me hodology o he gene a ion o an HBIM model o he
Cha e house o Je ez, o ien ed owa ds he s a egic planning o
i s he i age managemen , has been de eloped in ou o e lapped
s ages, whose in e ac ions ha e enhanced i s con en s.
The i s s age has been he documen a y sou ces e iew in o de
o p oduce an in o ma ion eposi o y, as comp ehensi e as
possible. This eposi o y has p o ided he he i age da a equi ed
o model he monas e y. I has been called He i age Building
In o ma ion Reposi o y, HBIR. The second s age has been he
use o he building i sel as a documen a y sou ce, eading he
angible aces ha con i m o e u e he da a ob ained om he
documen s. The hi d s age has been he a chi ec onical analysis,
o ien ed owa ds he in e p e a ion o he design and building
p ocesses and he a chi ec onical space concep s implied in hem.
The ou h s age has been he gene a ion o he HBIM model,
es ing he building p ocess o he Cha e house o Je ez i ually.
2. BASES FOR A MASTER PLAN OF THE
CHARTERHOUSE OF JEREZ.
The Spanish Na ional Plan on Abbeys, Monas e ies and
Con en s, PNAMC, add esses he equi emen o a Mas e Plan
in o de o es ablish he majo guidelines o he he i age
managemen o he Cha e house o Je ez. Once he HBIM model
o he Cha e house o Je ez has been gene a ed a a LOK200
Le el o Knowledge and he He i age Building In o ma ion
Reposi o y is p epa ed, he ounda ion has been laid o his
s a egic documen (Cas ellano Román and Pin o Pue o, n.d.).
This esea ch does no aim he au oma ic gene a ion o a Mas e
Plan, as his ype o documen is based on he in e es s o a wide
spec um o s akeholde s: echnicians, Cul u al Adminis a ion,
owne s and usu uc ua ies, which ha e no been di ec ly in ol ed
in his esea ch. Fu he mo e, hey equi e a wide and deep se ies
o diagnos ic wo ks una o dable in he con ex o his esea ch.
Ne e heless, he p oposed me hodology o e s g aphic and
alphanume ic in o ma ion o s a egic decision-making on he
majo lines o he i age managemen : esea ch, p o ec ion,
conse a ion and dissemina ion.
2.1 Resea ch
In ela ion o esea ch, wo p ocesses ha e o be aken in o
accoun . Fi s ly, he a chi ec u al analysis equi ed o gene a e
he HBIM model has de ined i s cons uc i e elemen s and
spaces, i s cons uc ion p ocess and he highe he i age po en ial
a eas.
Secondly, once he HBIM model is a ailable, he syn he ic iews
p oduced om he model ha e allowed unexpec ed ela ionships
and conclusions. Fo example, he model has made possible a
iew showing he ex ensi e impac o demoli ions and s uc u al
damages once he monas e y was abandoned 1835, making
possible a new unde s anding o i s e olu ion (Figu e 3).
Figu e 3: Ruins and demoli ions scope a e he secula iza ion
o he monas e y. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez, phase 08:
Secula iza ion (1835-1875)
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The comp ehensi e he i age in e p e a ion o he Cha e house o
Je ez has enabled a classi ica ion o he a eas o he monas e y
acco ding o hei po en ial o p oduce signi ican da a e using,
comple ing o inspi ing new esea ch. The me hodologies and
ools o be applied o e i y each hypo hesis should be
de e mined in he in e en ion p ojec s: g ound pene a ing ada ,
magne ic measu emen s, a chaeological exca a ion, e c. In his
poin , i is mo e ele an o de ine he ques ions o be asked abou
he monumen han he echnology o be used o answe hem.
The e o e, he concep “he i age po en ial” has been de ined as
an es ima ion o he quan i y and quali y o he i age in o ma ion
ha can be achie ed in any a ea o he cul u al asse . This concep
has been codi ied as an in o ma ion pa ame e associa ed o he
elemen s o he HBIM model. Two se ings a e p ede ined o
“he i age po en ial” pa ame e : “gene ic” o “speci ic”.
“Gene ic” alue has been he mos widesp ead, as i means an
alignmen wi h he he i age po en ial o he monumen as a
whole. On he o he hand, “Speci ic” alue has been alloca ed in
a eas poo ly s udied bu wi h high expec a ions o knowledge
g ow h (Figu e 4) .
Figu e 4: He i age Po en ial iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.2 P o ec ion
Al hough he Cha e house o Je ez is a monumen
acknowledged wi h he highes le el o legal p o ec ion since
1856, o pe haps p ecisely o his eason, i s legal p o ec ion
lacks an upda ed de ini ion and a p ecise delimi a ion o he
monumen si e and i s su oundings. In addi ion, he e a e se e al
s akeholde s conce ned by he monumen , especially he Spanish
S a e as owne , he Ca holic Chu ch as usu uc ua y and he
Regional Go e nmen o Andalusia, which is esponsible o
he i age issues. This ci cums ance has made e en mo e complex
and con o e sial han usual any decision-making dealing wi h
he p o ec ion o he Cha e house. In hese ci cums ances, own-
planning ules o Je ez de la F on e a and i s A chaeological
Cha (González Rod íguez, 2008) a e he mos e ec i e legal
amewo k o i s p o ec ion.
Hence, an upda ed iden i ica ion o he Cha e house o Je ez as
an Asse o Cul u al In e es is necessa y. The elemen s o he
HBIM model ha e included a pa ame e o iden i y i s belonging
o he monumen complex i sel o i s su oundings. A p ecise
delimi a ion o he monumen si e and i s p o ec ion su oundings
was de ined, including no only he mos ecognisable buildings
o he monumen complex bu also hose o he buildings and
su oundings which comple e i s he i age alue in a
comp ehensi e sense: a is ic, his o ical, e hnog aphical,
e i o ial, social-economic, in o he wo ds, as a pa o a cul u al
landscape (Figu e 5).
Figu e 5: Delimi a ion plan iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
Howe e , he i age p o ec ion should no be unde s ood jus as a
legal issue o deal wi h once he damage is done. In con as , i
should be managed as a p e en i e s a egy in o de o sa e he
he i age alues o he monumen o he u u e. Thus, a
pa ame e named “ ulne abili y” has been de ined in he HBIM
model o cha ac e ize he isk o losing he i age alues. Tha
concep should no be unde s ood as equi alen o s a e o
conse a ion. In ac , a buil elemen could be pe ec ly p ese ed
bu ex emely ulne able because o an inadequa e p o ec ion.
Fo he pu poses o his esea ch, ou le els o ulne abili y ha e
been es ablished:
•MAXIMUM: Imminen isk o ex ensi e loss o signi ican
he i age alues.
•HIGH: Imminen isk o pa ial loss o signi ican he i age
alues.
•MEDIUM: Fo eseeable isk, no exhibi ed
•LOW: No o eseeable isk.
Acco ding o his se ings, a eas wi h di e en le els o
ulne abili y we e cha ac e ized (Figu e 6).
Figu e 6: Vulne abili y iew. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
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2.3 Conse a ion
The issue o conse a ion o he Cha e house, as be i s a high
complex monumen , has o be manage in se e al le els o
de elopmen . This esea ch is conce ned by he p elimina y
diagnosis, gene a ion o knowledge and p e en i e conse a ion
and in e en ion planning. Thus, pa ame e s dealing wi h he
se e i y o he damages in he main s uc u es and he u gency o
he in e en ions we e de ined. Fo he pu poses o his esea ch,
ou le els o damages ha e been es ablished:
• MAXIMUM: Imminen uin.
• HIGH: Se e e damages, secu i y comp omised.
• MEDIUM: Signi ican damages, secu i y no comp omised.
• LOW: Ini ial eco e able damages.
Figu e 7: S a e o conse a ion: le els o damages. HBIM
Cha e house o Je ez, phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
In he same ein, ou le els o u gency o in e en ion ha e been
es ablished:
• MAXIMUM: in e en ion equi ed o a oid ex ensi e
i e e sible uin.
• HIGH: in e en ion equi ed o a oid pa ial i e e sible uin.
• MEDIUM: in e en ion equi ed o a oid signi ican damages.
• LOW: in e en ion equi ed o a oid ini ial damages (Figu e 8).
Figu e 8: U gency o in e en ion. HBIM Cha e house o Je ez,
phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.4 Dissemina ion
The issues ela ed o dissemina ion, which a e meag e in he
Cha e house o Je ez, ha e been cha ac e ized by speci ic
pa ame e s in he HBIM model. The issue o he limi ed isi s o
he monumen has been speci ically add essed. The pa ame e
“ isi s” has been de ined in he HBIM model wi h h ee possible
se ings: open, es ic ed, clois e (Figu e 9).
Figu e 9: Visi s iew: open, es ic ed, clois e . HBIM
Cha e house o Je ez, phase 15, Sis e s o Be hlehem (2000-…)
2.5 Mas e Plan
The monas e y Mas e Plan con en p oposed by he PNAMC is
o ganized in a numbe o blocks o in o ma ion and ac ions plans.
The blocks o in o ma ion de ined a e: Gene al, Documen al,
Immo able, Mo able, In angible and Cul u al Landscape. The
ac ions plans a e P e en i e Conse a ion, In e en ions,
Main enance, O ganiza ion, Uses, Managemen and
Dissemina ion. This documen s uc u e and con en s is
suppo ed by he me hodological esou ces om 20 h cen u y,
s ill in o ce in many o he a eas, bu no upda ed no he la es
g aphic and in o ma ion esou ces in o de o an e icien and
sus ainable managemen o he cul u al he i age. I is jus i ied
he eunde how hese blocks o in o ma ion and ac ions plans
equi ed by he PNAMC had been add essed om he HBIM and
HBIR o he Cha e house o Je ez.
In acco dance wi h de PNAMC, he Mas e Plan Gene al Block
has o con ain a gene al desc ip ion o he monumen , a his o ical
and ch onological epo , a p e ious in e en ions epo and a
legal epo abou he owne s, easemen s, go e nance sys em,
p i ileges, legacies, ounda ions, e c. This in o ma ion is hos ed
in di e en loca ions in he HBIM model. The i s and mo e
gene ic loca ion is “P ojec In o ma ion”. Gene al desc ip ions
a e included in his loca ion, sha ed by he cen al p ojec and
e e y linked p ojec , so ha is he mos syn he ic desc ip ion o
he monumen . Ch onology and p e ious in e en ions epo a e
no p esen ed as closed documen s, bu as da a base epo s: open
and upda able. The ex e nal da a base and phase il e ed HBIM
iews ill ou hose equi emen s. Finally, he legal epo eme ge
om he analysis o se e al p o ec ion issues, hos ed in he
HBIR, and syn he ized in a p oposal o p ecise delimi a ion o
he monumen si e and i s su oundings.
In acco dance wi h de PNAMC, he Mas e Plan Immo able
Block mus include he a chi ec onical desc ip ion o he
monumen , he exis ing documen a ion compila ion and
ca aloguing, own-planning ules a ec ing he monumen and i s
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su oundings, he s a e o conse a ion and he in e en ion
p oposals, including i s economic alua ion. The a chi ec onical
desc ip ion has been al eady included in he “P ojec
In o ma ion” pa ame e s o he HBIM model. The ca aloguing
and comp ehensi e compila ion o exis ing documen a ion ha e
been so ed ou in he He i age Building Reposi o y HBIR, which
o e s no only a lis o documen sou ces bu a digi al s uc u e
o op imize he access and consul a ion. Town-planning ules
a ec ing he monumen and i s su oundings has also i s speci ic
loca ion in HBIR. In addi ion, a gene al diagnos ic o he s a e o
conse a ion and in e en ion u gency has been made. I s esul s
ha e been exp essed in plan and schedules iews, di ec ly
ob ained om he HBIM model. The economic alua ion o
in e en ion p oposals alls ou side he scope o his wo k.
Ne e heless, i is possible o add ess an economic es ima e based
on he da a om he HBIM model: c ossing su ace a ea wi h
s a e o conse a ion and applying gene ic cos modules
acco ding o he damages deg ee.
Mo able and In angible Blocks equi ed by he PNAMC ha e
been aking in o accoun in he gene al me hodology, bu i s
de elopmen ha e been pos poned o u u e esea ch.
Documen al and Bibliog aphic Block associa ed wi h he
monumen is sol ed in he HBIR, whe e e e y single e e ence,
mos o hem de ached om i and dispe sed in di e en
loca ions, is iden i ied and desc ibed.
Cul u al Landscape Block ha e been also analysed, as he
monumen has been conside ed an indissoluble pa o i .
Howe e , BIM models a e app op ia e o a chi ec onical scale
as GIS models a e o e i o ial scale. A comp ehensi e and
e icien he i age managemen equi es he connexion be ween
BIM and GIS, so ha is a challenge o u u e esea ch.
In ela ion o In e en ion Plans, he HBIM model o e s he basic
in o ma ion o be de ined. The in o ma ion s uc u e associa ed
wi h he model includes wo signi ican pa ame e s on his
ma e : “In e en ion u gency” and “Vulne abili y”. G aphical
and alphanume ical ou pu s ha e been p oduced o cha ac e ize
hose issues in he Cha e house o Je ez. De elopmen o HBIM
model o highe Le els o Knowledge should enable a mo e
accu a e iden i ica ion and isk assessmen , in o de o p oduce
p e en i e conse a ion and in e en ion plans on immo able,
mo able and e hnog aphic he i age. Fu he mo e, he pa ame e s
which should enable a pe iodic main enance plan ha e been
cha ac e ized, pending he speci ic s udies on p ocedu es,
echnical and human esou ces and economic alua ion.
In ela ion o Dissemina ion Plan, coo dina ion o all he
s akeholde s is equi ed o deal wi h he issue o public isi bu
also dissemina ion ac i i ies, use managemen and
communica ion media s a egies.
Planime ic and pho og aphic documen a ion equi ed o he
Mas e Plan by he PNAMC is a clea example o he
me hodological obsolescence o his ype o documen s. The
in es men s equi ed o p oduce hese planime ic and
pho og aphic documen s is ine icien i hey a e no associa ed
o upda able and accessible ools o all agen s in ol ed. In his
ega d, he planime ic ou pu om a unique HBIM model
ensu es upda able and consis en in o ma ion. Documen
managemen ools should change pho og aphic desc ip i e
epo s in o a mo e e icien ool, enabling me ada a labelling o
pho og aphical collec ions and specialized sea ches.
3. CONCLUSIONS
He i age Building In o ma ion Modelling HBIM enhance he
s a egic planning o la ge monumen s ensembles. HBIM model
o he Cha e house o Je ez (Cádiz, Spain), de eloped wi h a
Le el o Knowledge LOK200, p o ides app op ia e
alphanume ical and g aphical ou pu s o s a egic decision-
making on he majo guidelines o he i age managemen :
esea ch, p o ec ion, conse a ion and dissemina ion.
The bases o a Mas e Plan o he Cha e house o Je ez ha e
aken in o accoun he in o ma ion con en equi ed by he
Spanish Na ional Plan on Abbeys, Monas e ies and Con en s.
Ne e heless, i s speci ica ions ha e been c i ically e iewed in
o de o he new echnological esou ces, which a e opening new
ways o he i age managemen .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The au ho s would like o hank o he help om colleagues
in ol ed in he La e Go hic Ne wo k Conso ium, he Andalusian
Ins i u e o His o ic He i age, IAPH, and he esea ch g oup
HUM799 S a egies o a he i age knowledge.
This in es iga ion o ms pa o P ojec HAR2016-78113-R o
he Na ional Resea ch, De elopmen and Inno a ion P og amme
Aimed a he Challenges o Socie y sponso ed by he Minis y o
Economy and Compe i i eness o Spain.
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