The cons uc i e echniques
o he moo ish oo ing amewo ks:
The case o he Mi ado o he Reales Alcáza es
o he Ca holic Mona chs in Se ille
In ecen imes he oo ing amewo ks which co e
he Mi ado (obse a ion pa illion o co e ed a ea)
a op he Reales Alcáza es (Royal Palace) in Se ille
ha e been es o ed. Thanks o his es o a ion i has
been possible o examine i s -hand and close-up his
magni icen example o Moo ish a chi ec u e,
cons uc ed du ing he eign o he Ca holic
Mona chs (Fe dinand and Isabella), which anspo
us om oday o a e y special epoch, and which
speak o us o six long cen u ies ha ha e le hei
ma k on each o he basic elemen s.
The Mi ado o he Ca holic Mona chs is loca ed
on he op o he high Palace o Don Ped o abo e
wha is oday he Hall o King Ca los V. I s
cons uc ion caused a pa ial des uc ion o he uppe
oom o he p ince, which oday is called Don Ped o' s
Bedchambe , cu ing o he a ched en yway o ha
oom, due o he di e ence in heigh be ween he wo.
I is open on he one side looking o e he ga den and
on he o he o he high galle y o he Pa io de Las
Doncellas, o Maidens' Pa io, and i is loca ed
be ween he a o emen ioned Bedchambe o Don
Ped o and he Family Dining Room. Acco ding o
Ana Ma ía Fidalgo, we had no knowledge o i un il
he yea 1977, when he a chi ec Ra ael Manzano
Ma os disco e ed i du ing he es o a ion p ocess
being pe o med on he Palace o Don Ped o.
This same au ho (Ana Ma ía Fidalgo) asse s ha
du ing hese ecen es o a ions, he ceilings we e
e u ned o hei o iginal s a e, since hey had
unde gone
mul iple emodeling p ojec s up un il hen.
Cecilia Cañas Palop
Ne e heless, his is no en i ely he case, since in
mo e ecen in es iga ion and s udies ca ied ou by
Inmaculada Ramí ez López as he Res o e o he
oo ing amewo k, pain ings and insc ip ions ha e
been disco e ed ha had been unknown o o da e,
and ha could e y well belong o he o iginal oo ing
amewo k.
The i s es o a ion o which we ha e in o ma ion
is he one ca ied ou by Juan Fe nández and Juan de
Simancas, since in a epo gi en by he Mas e s o
he econs uc ion, he e is an indica ion ha in he
new oom abo e he ga den, all he de e io a ed wood
o he oo ing had o be epai ed, being subs i u ed by
new wood and hen being e- oo ed.] Pos e io
es o a ions o he oo ing amewo k ha e been
nume ous bu no much in o ma ion exis s abou
hem. Howe e , hey a e isible in he mul i ude o
elemen s ha ha e been added h oughou he
cen u ies, wi h be e o wo se esul s.
A BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK
I s o m is a squa e amewo k made up o ou aguas
and h ee oo slopes. Due o he cons uc i e solu ion
o he pa es, we a e analysing a amewo k o pa and
nudillo which uses limas mohama es2 in he
in e sec ion o he di e en oo slopes. All hese
ha e been made using he apeinazado echnique, and
he inal deco a ion was esol ed wi h a ie-o -eigh
and mocá abe squa es. The ou aldones we e
P oceedings o he Fi s In e na ional Cong ess on Cons uc ion His o y, Mad id, 20 h-24 h Janua y 2003,
ed. S. Hue a, Mad id: I. Juan de He e a, SEdHC, ETSAM, A. E. Ben enu o, COAM, F. D agados, 2003.
514
deco a ed al e na ing ows o eigh -poin ed s a s and
li le ieso
ELEMENTS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
In o de o desc ibe he me hod o cons uc ion o he
oo ing/ceiling, he s udy was based upon an
exhaus i e, de ailed analysis o each and e e y basic
elemen and he ela ion be ween each elemen and
he o he s.
In he i s place, we p esen and place each o he
elemen s o he oo ing amewo k, beginning wi h
hose elemen s ha ha e o gua an ee i s placemen
abo e he walls on which i es s. This pe haps is he
leas known a ea, because o being hidden om sigh ,
and ye i is al so he mos impo an ac o in
gua an eeing he gene al s abili y o he s uc u e. We
will see la e on how he g ea es pa o he p oblems
ha he amewo k has, ha e hei o igin in he
suppo i e elemen s.
THE HIDDEN STRUCTURE. THE FOUNDATION
OF THE FRAMEWORK
A e y impo an ac wo h b inging o ligh in
ega ds o he ounda ions o his oo ing amewo k,
and also a ew o he oo ings analysed (such as he
An ecapilla o he Bedchambe o Don Ped o), is he
lack o basic elemen s o gua an ee i s s abiJi y in he
place upon which i es s.
Rs ibo Jongi lldinal ]
Unión 2
I). de i an <:'8 1
Comedo de
amilia
& ibo ans e sall
Uniiml J:LC-
i;; ibo longi lldínal a
Figu e 1
Loca ion o he es ibos and he i an es in he amewo k
C. Cañas
The Mi ado amewo k does no ha e elemen s
such as nudillos o sole a. The es ibos, which a e
basic elemen s o s uc u al s abili y, es di ec ly a op
he walls o he oom, wi hou he minimum p esence
o some o he elemen in he o m o a laye o cemen
be ween he es ibos and he wall, o somehow ensu e
he plane le el o he ecei ing elemen!.
We will di e en ia e be ween he ans e sal and
longi udinal es ibos, since he e ha e been
subs an ial di e ences de ec ed be ween hem in
hei geome ic, suppo i e and conse a ional
cha ac e is ics. The o me a e sho e and o g ea e
edge han hei pe pendicula coun e pa s, and hey
a e pa ially embedded in o he wall, which makes i
impossible o know he geome ic cha ac e is ic o i s
o al hickness; whe eas he longi udinal es ibos si
di ec ly a op he c owning o he wall.
The longi udinal es ibos a e o med by wo o he s,
uni ed in a leng hening o app oxima ely he poin o
junc ion o he b aces ( i an es). The leng h o he
oom (14 me es) is oo long o suppo one sole
elemen in he c owning o he wall. I we consul he
«O denanzas de Se illa» we see how long he
di e en beams o wood had o be as a gene al ule,
and hese oscilla e be ween he 25 ee o he iga de
aca o (7,5 m.) and he 12 ee o he medio pon on
(3,60 m.). So he Ionges beam o he Mi ado 's
amewo k (9,13 m.) is qui e a bi longe han he
igas de aca o speci ied in he «O denanzas»; and
he es , 4,9 and 5,2 me es, a e loca ed be ween
he media iga (4,2-4,5 m.) and he e ciada
(5,32-5,70 m.) speci ied in he same e x!.
Es iho longi udill(! 1 2
Do mi o io de
Don Ped o
T:niónH
['nÍón 4
17nión 3
P.
'nión 6
Es ibo longi udinal
4
The cons uc i e echniques al' he moo ish oa ing amewa ks
In he co ne s, he es ibos belonging o di e en
oo slopes o malise hei union hal way up he
wood, ha ing a small no ch which enables bo h
pieces o no ge displaced by he e ec o he ac ion
o he es o he s uc u es; ne e heless he
di e ence o he sec ion o he es ibos makes i no
possible o he longi udinal elemen s o ha e a cu
hal way up he sec ion. The junc ion o he es ibos in
hei p olonga ion does no wo k as such. The
elemen s which come oge he on hem wo k
independen ly.
Ano he impo an elemen in his sec ion which
ca ne in o being basically o s uc u al necessi y, is
he i an e (b ace). The size o he oom makes hese
elemen s absolu ely necessa y. When he ela ion
be ween he heigh and he wid h o he oom is
educed, he e is a dange o collapse in he c owning
o he walls, since he ho izon al p essu e upon he
es ibos is e y p onounced. The i an e collabo a es
in he abso p ion o pa o he p essu e and he e o e
gi es equilib ium o he s uc u e. A o al o wo pai s
o i an es ha e been p o ided in he leng h o he
s uc u e upon which he es ibos sil.
The pe ime al wall o he oom, upon which he
amewo k si s, is c owned by he es ibo, as we ha e
al eady desc ibed, which es s di ec ly upon i ;
I~
Figu e 2
Embedding al' he i an e in a he wall and he unian wi h he
longi udinal es ibo
515
he e o e since he e is nei he sole a no canes, he
i an es ha e o be embedded in o he walls. The
embedding measu es abou 22 cm.
I we s op o obse e he junc ion wi h he es ibo,
we see ha a 7 cm all cajeado has been pe o med in
he i an e, lea ing a 2 cm all espiga (see igu e 2) o
be placed in o he es ibo. We do no know exac ly
how much o his union is embedded in o he wall;
howe e cons uc i e logic and he load ha he
i an es ha e o abso b lead us o hink ha i mus be
as isualised in he ep esen a ion.
A his ime i is necessa y o pause and make he
obse a ion ha his is one o he poin s which has
b ough up mo e ques ions and doub s in ega ds o
he analysis o he o igins o he i an es, since mos
o he da a analysed lead one o hink ha he ones we
see now do no pe ain o he o iginal amewo k bu
o he e o ma ions ca ied ou in 1908 in which he
need o eplace ou wooden i an es, eplacing he
o iginal s, was no ed.
«To ein o ce he wooden b acing, pu in o place ou
new wooden b aces ins ead 01' he de ec i e anes and o
zanca hei al a das». ( om he «Budge Boak»)
The i an es in a amewo k o a ce ain size o
impo ance, ha e always been ideal elemen s o
ca ying ou di e se deco a i e c a ings, mainly
because o hei posi ion, up on in he isual plane
o he spec a o . And, wha is mo e, he e has always
been a deco a i e hypo hesis abou he use o double
i an es, since hey made a good suppo o he ies o
lacewo k (lace ía) which co e ed he amewo k. I
does no seem 10gical ha in a amewo k o his
kind, he inishing would be so ough and undelica e.
All o his da a, oge he wi h hose de i ed om
he embedding in o he wall and he junc ions wi h he
es o he elemen s, b ing one o conside ha we a e
seeing elemen s ha da e back o he beginning o he
20'h Cen u y, new i an es wi hou any deco a ion
(unlike he de e io a ed o iginals which possibly had
a ied c osso e lacing e ec , acco ding o he
s anda ds o he epoch).
This doub ga he s o ce when we analyse he
pic o ial deco a ion which co e s he sides o he
i an es, since acco ding o he c i e ia o he mode n
es o a ion expe s, hese belong o pe iods p io o
he e o ma ion o 1908; o be exac , hey a e simila
o o he s loca ed
in he ieze o he amewo k which
516
da e back 10 he 16 h cen u y. Le us lea e ou «doub »
open hen o he pos e io de elopmen 01' he
esea ch being done in his ield.
Finally, we will desc ibe he pa 01' he amewo k
se ing ha is no hidden, which has he assigned job
p ecisely o lea e «unseen»behind hem, each 01' he
p e iously men ioned s uc u al elemen s, and o
se e as a pic o ial suppo and isual ansi ion
be ween he wall and he amewo k 01' he
oo ing/ceiling.
THE VISIBLE ELEMENTS
The supe icial elemen s 01' he a ocabe 01' he
Mi ado 's amewo k a e o med by a double alice ,
in which he i s plank is nailed in o a mold o
ocadu a, which is also nailed on o a ype 01' wooden
b acke which becomes he pe ime al zuncho a he
sides 01' he oom. This i s plank, o lowe alice , is
inished a he op wi h ano he one which se es as
he mold o ocadu a o he second one, igh in he
bo om coa 01' he b aceo Behind his second alice is
hidden he junc ion be ween he i an e and he
es ibos wi h he wall, as well as he bo om pa 01'
he pa es whe e hey mee he es ibo. The o me
es ibo me ely hides he c owning 01' he pc ime al
wall.
Ti an e
Figu e 3
Sec ion o he a ocabe
C. Cañas
Figu e 4
Union a he come o he bo om pa s o he planks
(alice es)
THE INCLINED ROOF SLOPES
Be o e beginning an analysis 01' each 01' he
cons i u ing elemen s o he oo slopes, i is
necessa y o make men ion o he se -squa e o he
amewo k used ( he inclina ion o he al a das).
Measu ing di ec ly upon he al a das we ob ain
Pa
Alice supe io
Re ue zos
de lIUlde a
' ocadu n
Alice in e io
TO<'Mum
Can
The cons uc i e echniques o he moo ish oo ing amewo ks 517
igu es ha ange om 35,8 o 42.67 deg ees. This
ac con i ms ha he de o ma ion o he s uc u e ís
signi ican , since he heo e ical se -squa e o he
amewo k is a 37,6 deg ees.
S uc u al composi ion
In he i s place, as de ini o y elemen s o he
inclined oo slopes, we mus analyse he pa es o
al a das and he péndolas o mangue as which
necessa ily appea in he amewo ks ha ha e limas.
The e a e a o al o six pa es in he ans e sal oo
slopes and o y- ou in he longi udínal ones, plus a
o al o i e mangue as which accede o each o he
limas ha pe ain o he aldones. All o he pa es a e
<<ii e» since hey o m pa o he lacewo k o he
amewo k.
Since his is a amewo k o mohama lima, each o
he aldones has wo limas a i s la e allimi , wi h wo
om each o he con iguous aldones coming oge he
a he co ne s.
Le us ecall one o he undamen al ules o he
p ocedu e o making his ype o s uc u es upon
whích pos e io ly ied lacewo k and s a s wilJ be
c a ed; he ule denomina ed by López de A enas he
<<Law o calle y cue da «(aisle and co d).3
In he case o he Mi ado , he planning o he ies
is p ecise, ne e heless he hickness o bo h pa es
and nudilJos is o 7,5 cm, whe eas he wid h o he
aisles a y: in he es e os o he aisles hey measu e
om 16 o 16,5 cm, and in he es o he amewo k
hey measu e om 14,75 o 17,5 cm ( he majo i y
being be ween 16 o 16,5 cm).
This s a ís ic e eals o us ha he di e ences
measu ed a e due o he mo emen expe ienced by
he amewo k. I is p oduced mo e in ensely by he
longi udinal aldones, no so in he es e os, ob iously
he de o ma ion inc eases in he ex en ha he leng h
also inc eases. We can a i m ha he eal sepa a ion
is close o 16 cen ime es. We a e speaking, hen, o
ma gins o e o o a ound 0,25 and 0,5 cm, which in
wood a e no ha signi ican , and e en les s so gi en
he p ocedu es used in ha epoch.
This di e ence can be due o se e al di e en
ac o s : on he one hand, he mo emen s ha he
s uc u e has had o suppo in gene al ha e been
impo an , whe eby he spaces be ween he al a das
could ha e g own (as we wilJ la e see, many o he
pieces ha e become unjoin ed) and also, he passage
o ime can cause mino losses o pa s o he wood.
All his oge he wi h he assump ion o possible
smaJ] e o s in he p ocedu es o i s cons uc ion
make us main ain he alidi y o he a o emen ioned
ule, o a ce ain ex en a leas . In any case, we can
ind no explana ion ha jus i ies making he aísle
Figu e 5
Loca ion and cu o he pa es and he mangue as

518
(calle) 0,5 o 1,0 cm wide , measu emen s ha a e
insigni ican . A e ha ing made his impo an
cla i ica ion, we now will discuss how he di e en
junc ions be ween he a o emen ioned elemen s a e
o malised.
The junc ions in he es ibos o he pa es and
mangue as a e o malised om he pa illas o he
ba billas, wi h he pe pendicula cu done on he
ho izon al plane. Usually in o de o ix he elemen
secu ely on o he es ibo his ype o union was
ein o ced by nails, howe e in his case, no
ein o cemen has been has been de ec ed
wha soe e . The pa illa measu es 3,5 cm and he
ba billa 10 cm. The cu o he ba billa is done a
app oxima ely 1/3 o he heigh o he pa ,
con o ming o wha was he s anda d o ca pen y.
The limas ha e he same kind o union, howe e hei
s a e o conse a ion does no pe mi us o p ecise
hei geome ical cha ac e is ics.
I is also usual o ind in his kind o s uc u e ha
he pa es culmina e in he hile a which closes o
culmina es he amewo k a he opo The o iginal
oo ing o he Mi ado did no ha e an hile a and he
pa es we e uni ed by means o ensemble o ga gan a
and quije a. This ype o ensemble diminishes he
esis en sec ion o he pa es a his poin , he e o e i
is usually ein o ced by means o some me allic
elemen . Bu he junc ions analysed lack any ype o
C. Cañas
ein o cemen , he eby hey a e in a e y weakened
condi ion.
On he o he hand, he mangue as each he limas a
a cu pe ec ly pa allel o he con ac su ace,and a e
joined by nails o he main s uc u e. The limas a e
joined o he pa es by he same means.
The es o he s uc u al elemen s pe aining o he
aldones a e he peinazos and he a ocabas,410ca ed
in espec o he pa es and limas as seen in igu e 6.
We will di e en ia e be ween he o hogonal peinazos
and he inclined ones. The o me a e he ones ha a e
loca ed pe pindicula o he pa es. The junc ion wi h he
pa es is p oduced almos ce ainly by means o «a omo
y agudo» wi h an espiga o wooden nail. Al hough his
me hod has no been o icially con i med, in some o he
pa es he boxed space o med o he inse ion o he
espiga om i s co esponding peinazo has been
obse ed. The inclined peinazos a e ixed bo h o he
pa es and o each o he by nails. The junc ion o he
a ocabas and limas is also done his way.
Non-s uc u al Elemen s
In Figu e 7 each and e e y elemen pe aining o he
inclined oo slopes is shown, bo h s uc u al and
non-s uc u al, which has he job o con o ming
de ini ely he deco a i e layou o he amcwo k.
Figu e 6
Si ua ion and cu o he peinazos and a ocabas
The cons uc i e echniques o he moo ish oo ing amewo ks 519
Figu e 7
In hc uppe pa he esis en s uc u e and i s espec i e
unions a e indica ed, as well as he aujeles and he bases
whe e he suppo s, wedges, and su ace boa ds all appea .
In he lowe pa ! o he igu e, he inclined oo slope is
shown wi h all o i s elemen s in posi ion, including he
« ablazón de elleno»
The auje]es o m pa o he deco a i e layou o
he lacewo k ies o he amewo k, wi hou
belonging o he s uc u a] plo . They a e panels o ],5
cm hickness which comple e he layou , usually
nailed o a ablazón supe icial, which appea a each
o he aisles con iguous o he eigh -poin ed s a s. We
mus men ion he union o hese pane]s in o he
s uc u e as a special cha ac e is ic. The panel has he
same hickness as he ebaje (diminishing) done on
he pa es and he peinazos, coinciding wi h ou
p o usiones ca ied ou upon he panel, so ha hey
coincide and i oge he pe ec ly. In he pa es
he
p o usions a e apezoidal in shape, he eby
inc easing he suppo i e base.
The e a e also h ee dis inc ypes o wedges ha a e
nai]ed o he s uc u a] elemen s o ul ill basically a
deco a i e mission. A i s g oup o ms pa o he
layou o he eigh -poin ed s a s o he amewo k.
Those o a second g oup se e as a base o suppo
some o he aujeles, and a hi d g oup o wedges a e
placed in he uppe pa o he oo slopes, nailed o he
peinazos, making he isual bypass om he inclined
oo slopes and he almiza e, in such a way ha he
eigh -poin ed s a s loca ed in hese poin s, and he
o he deco a i e elemen s ha a e necessa ily b oken,
all ha e hei aces pa allel. Ins ead o making he
ang]e by doing a di ec cu in o he co esponding
peinazos. his ype o wedge is jus added on.
The e is ano he ype o panel ha di ec ly o ms
pa o he deco a i e igu es o he amewo k called
he ablazón de elleno ( ille panel). The e a e a eas
on he aldones ha equi e he loca ion o hese
panels. which hide behind hem pa o he s uc u e,
which o he wise would be seen. These panel s a e an
impo an pa o he deco a ion o he amewo k
since hey a e si ua ed in he p]ane ha is nea es in
sigh (on he same p]ane as he main pieces), and
some imes occupy a g ea pa o he su ace se ing
as a base o pe ec ed pic o ial deco a ion.
And las ly, we ha e he ablazón del asdós. ] is
pa o he ian] co e ing o he amewo k and i s
p esence is aken ad an age o o gi e a pic o ial
backg ound o he amewo k. The panel s a e nailed
o he esis en s uc u e o he amewo k, pa es and
limas. and co e p ac ically he en i e ex e io su ace
o i .
THE PLANS OF THE NUDILLOS. THE ALMIZATE
S uc u al composi ion
In he i s place, we shall loca e he de ini i e
elemen s o hese plan s, which a e he nudillos. We
mus ma k a dis inc ion be ween wo di e en ypes:
he long nudillos, which a e de loped along he
almiza e ( ypes A,B,D and F), and he sho nudillos,
which a e in e up ed by di e en peinazos, which a e
necessa y o he con igu a ion o c ossing and ieing
o he lacing ( ypcs e and G). AII o hese a e si ua ed
below he e cia y.
520 C. Cañas
. B(;
E FB e[) eE
Figu e 8
Types o nudillos o he Mi ado
The nudillos a e joined o he pa es by «a ga gan a
y quijada», ollowing he s anda ds and mIes o
ca pen y. «Echando cabeza de a madu a» in he
al a da we make he co esponding cu in he
ga gan a. The co nezuelos o he nudillos a e o
app oxima ely one- ou h he hickness o his
elemen .
The ype o junc ion be ween he longi udinal
nudillos and peinazos is unknown, al hough we
would da e o say ha he mos p obable esolu ion is
he one ha adi ionally has been used o uni e
peinazos and nudillos; ha is, he joining «a omo y
agudo» wi h he wooden nail, o espiga.
Nex we will analyse he peinazos, which usually
a e loca ed and joined pe pendicula o he nudillos,
nF E
EeBB(' E E F u
he eby con ibu ing in an impo an way o he
s abili y o he almiza e. he peinazos and he nudillos
oge he ansmi he p essu e o he al a das.
The e a e wo undamen al g oups o peinazos in
he almiza e. On he one hand, hose ha a e si ua ed
in an o hogonal way o he nudillos ( ypes a, b, c, d,
e, and g), and hose ha a e placed in an oblique
way, which con ibu e o gi ing a g ea e s abili y o
he en i e se , while a he same ime se e as a base
o he layou o he design o he lacewo k ies ( ypes
i, j, and k).
In igu e 9 all he peinazos ha make up he
almiza e a e de e mined.
We ha e men ioned basically wo g oups o
peinazos, and o hese we only know o su e abou
AB D FGD eEE
e
Figu e 9
Types o peinazos ha o m pa o he al miza e
oEe]) eE l<~ F G
F E D
The cons uc i e echniques o he moo ish oo ing amewo ks 521
he unions o he ypes «i» and <~» o he nudillos.
These ma e ialise by means o cla azón o he
esis en s uc u e. The es o he unions a e done
h ough di e en ypes o junc ions, o which none
has been accu a ely con i med.
The ypes «a, b, e» and « » a e almos ce ain o be
he junc ion o «a omo y agudo con espiga», whe eas
he ypes «d» and «h» would ha e his ype o union
a one end, while he opposi e would ha e a «caja y
espiga», wi h a boxed a ea made in he panel o he
nudillo.
The junc ions be ween he ype «k» peinazos and
he mas e s (which will be ei he peinazos o nudillos,
depending on he posi ion ha hey occupy in he
almiza e), ha e no been disco e ed, nei he do we
da e o sugges a possible o m o his union. The
oblique placemen o he wooden pieces and he g ea
numbe o elemen s ha all come oge he in he same
a ea make any supposi ion abou he junc ion ain. In
any case, we can a i m ha o he union o he main
elemen s ha make up his pai o peinazos, a boxed
a ea would ha e been hollowed ou in he panel o he
peinazo o nudillo and in i would ha e been inse ed
some kind o wooden peg (espiga), ha will ha e o
emain unspeci ied since i is hidden inside he boxed
a ea. This peg could adop any o many o ms wi hin
he boxed a ea, so we will lea e his ma e open o
he u he de elopmen s o his in es iga ion.
Finally emains o be discussed he solu ion adop ed
in he union be ween he peinazos. Excep o he
union o one o he componen s o he pai o peinazos
o ype «k» ha es s on he esis en mas e s o open
he mocá abe cube, by means o chiseling he peinazo,
he es make hei unions by means o cla azón.
In igu e 10 all he s uc u al elemen s o he
almiza e a e shown and he espec i e unions
be ween hem. Excep o he junc ions ha a e nailed
and hose o he en i e elemen wi h he pa es, he es
a e all heo e ical, due o he impossibili y o
con i ming hese ac s, sa e disassembling he
s uc u e. The junc ions be ween he peinazos ha
o m he cen al oc ogon and he mas e s a e he only
ones ha ha e no been de ined.
Non-s uc u al elemen s
I is logical ha in he almiza e he same elemen s ha
made
Up he inclined
oo
slopes
a e epea ed, so we
Figu e 10
The s uc u al composi ion o he almiza e and he ela ion
be ween each o i s elemen s o he o he s
will no go in o his pa mo e p o oundly han we
need o. Again h ee ypes o wedges appea , and he
di e en ypes o ablazones, o asdós, o elleno,
and supe icial. In his case we will indica e he exac
si ua ion o each o he aujeles ha make up pa o
he almiza e in ela ion o he gene al s uc u e.
The same p ocedu e is used o make he aujeles as
o make he ie is he nudillos and peinazos, wi h he
di e ence ha in his case he li le panels a e cu o
1,5 cm hickness and in he o me , diminishmen o
he same measu emen has been made whe e pa o
hese pieces ha e o i in.
To make he di e en cu s, a se ies o se -squa es
is needed, used as he only plo ing ins umen by he
ca pen e s «de lo blanco». These se -squa es a e
de ined by he wheel o ies o c osso e lacing ha
hey a e going o plo as he design o deco a ion o
he amewo k. In his case, he wheels a e o eigh ,