The au ho shi , o he Galenic compendium
I
I
de
in e io ibus,
((Quoniam di e si as..
.
»
MICHAEL
R.
McVAUGH*
O e a decade ago Juan A. Paniagua called a en ion (1) o a ema k
made by A nald o Villano a in his
Speculum medicine
o 1308:
«Such consequences o e ec s o illnesses a e subsumed unde ou
hings
con a na u am,
namely pain, unna u al ea , impai men o ac i i y,
and a change in bodily exc e ions
...
Lo e s o u h can be sa is ied as o
he speci ic meaning o hese ou hings by Galen's ea ise
de in e io ibus
in ou ansla ion, by his books on he pulses and on ills o he b ea hing
and oice and his ema ks
de acciden ibus mo bo um,
and by he
U ines
o
Isaac»
(2).
A nald is well known as a ansla o o medical wo ks om he A abic,
including one by Galen ( he
Libe de igo e, emo e, iec iga ione e spasmo),
so
ha he idea o his ha ing ansla ed
De in e io ibus
(=
De locis a ec is)
is no
a al1 impossible; bu in ha case, wi h which o he exis ing medie al
ansla ions (none o which bea s his name in any manusc ip ) is i o be
iden i ied? The e sion beginning ((Loca au em nominano) was p epa-
ed om he G eek by Bu gundio o Pisa in he wel h cen u y, while
he e sion beginning ((Medico um non solum)), ansla ed om he
A abic, was al eady widely di used in he hi een h cen u y a he ime
when A nald's ca ee was jus ge ing unde way (3).
(1) Juan A. PANIAGUA (1969)
El Maes o A nau de Vzlano a médzco,
Valencia, pp. 3-4.
(2) «Tales au em imp essiones e1 e ec us mo bo um sub qua uo ebus con a na u am
comp ehendun u , que sun dolo , imo inna u alis, e lesio ope a ionis, e immu a io
l
exeun ium a co po e
...
De speci ica e 0 signi ica ione p edic o um qua uo gene um
ac a us G. de in e io ibus secundum nos a n ansla ionem e lib i eius de pulsibus e
de malicia anheli us e bocis e conside a iones eius de acciden ibus mo bo um e u ine
Ysaach sa is aciun ama o ibus e i a is.))
Speculum medzczne
cap. 100, in
Opem A naldi de
Wllano a
(Venice, 1505), ol.
4
1 b- a.
(3)
On hese e sions, see Richa d J. DURLING (1967) Co igenda and Addenda o Diels'
Galenica,
iadi io,
23,
466-67.
*
Depa men o His o y. Uni e si y o No h Ca olina a Chapel Hill.
Chapel Hill, N. C. 27514. U.S.A.
DYNAMIS
Ac a Hispanica ad Medicinae Scien ia umque His o iam Illus andam.
Vol. 1,
1
98
1, pp. 225-229.
226
MICHAEL
R.
McVAUGH
A hi d e sion o
De in e io ibus
is ha beginning ((Quoniam di e -
si as)), ound only in h ee manusc ip s o he ou een h cen u y, and
ema kably i si closely associa ed wi h A naldian ex s in al1 h ee cases.
In MS Munich, CLM 3520, i occupies ols. 57 -61 , immedia ely
ollowing A nald's ansla ion o A icenna's
De ui ibus co dis
( ols.
44 -48 ) and his own
Apho ismi
de
g adibus
( ols. 49-57). In MS Venice, S.
Ma co la .
Z.
31 4
(=
1644), i is he one uniden i ied in ude in an
o hen ise all-A naldian codex: he con e s a e A nald's
Speculum,
he
De
in e io ibus,
A nald's ansla ion o
De ui ibus co dis,
and his
Pa abole
medicacionis.
Finally, ou ex appea s in MS Ox o d, Me on College
230, which is a manusc ip o conside able in e es o A naldian
s udies. A ols. 33-99 his manusc ip con ains he ex s o se en o
A nald's mos impo an composi ions and ansla isns, in e sions ha
a e in a iably o high quali y, and i seems no unlikely ha hese de i e
om an ea ly collec ion o A nald's wo ks p epa ed in some sense o
publica ion. immedia ely ollowing hese se en co nposi ions (and in
ac b inging he codex o a i end) appea s he ex ((Quoniam di e si as))
unde he i le ((Doc ina
G.
de in e io ibus secundum s ilum la i-
no um)), w i en in he same hand as he p eceding wo ks. (Richa d
Du ling has made a p elimina y cdlla ion o al1 h ee manusc ip s o
((Quoniam di e si as)) and has de e mined ha he bes ex is p o ided
by his Me on College copy.) (4). Gi en he ac o his ea ly and
in a iable associa ion o ((Quoniam di e si as)) wi h he hea o he
A naldian oeu e, i is a ac i e o belie e ha he associa ion is by
design and no by chance, and ha he wo k is in ac his «de
in e io ibus secundum nos am ansla ionem)).
One majo di icul y wi h his iden i ica io i is ha ((Quoniam
di e si as)) is no , s ic ly speaking, a
ansla ion
o
De in e io ibus.
On he
basis o his colla ion o he ex , Du ling has ound ha ((Quoniam~ is
no
«a
e sion
o his ea ise [bu ] u ns ou o be a compendium based la gely
on books
1-2
o De
locis a ec is
and is clea ly incomple e. I is based on he
A abo-La in e sion, and shows no signs o Bu gundio's in luence.
Compa e he ende ing o Choe ilus g.
10.
In
he A abo-La in e sion
his uns: Assidua gu a um aque dis illa io lapidem pe o a . C . he
compendium: Cons a enim quod
assidua dis illa ione gu e pe o a u la-
pis))
(5).
(4)
Pe sonal communica ion,
6
Ma ch 1981.
1
am ex e nely g a e ul o D . Du ling o his
help ul commen s
and
o his willingness o allow me o consul his colla ion o his ex .
(5)
Pe sonal communica ion,
6
Ma ch 198
1;
he quo a ion is om
an
a ucle o hcoming in
T adi io.
The
au ho ship
o
he
Galenic
227
Because he ex o ((Quoniam di e si as)) is, as Du ling says, me ely
a
. ewo king o a pa o
De
in e io ibus,
i would seem impossible o i o be
A nald's (( ansla ion)).
Ye some u he e idence emains o be conside ed. Fi s , he
subjec s discussed in he abb e ia ed compendium ((Quoniam di e -
si as)) do s ill co espond well o he subjec s A nald said we e ea ed in
his (( ansla ion)) o
De in e io ibus.
The opics conside ed by he com-
pendium (and by he i s wo books o he A abo-La in ansla ion) a e
in ac pain, impai men o ac i i y, and bodily exc e ions conside ed as
possible symp oms o disease- h ee o he ou subjec s iden i ied in
A nald's ema k, ea ed in he o de in which he énume a ed hem. The
abb e ia ed compendium is ac ually mo e o he poin o his allusion
han he longe , mo e di use ea ise would ha e been.
Second, he compendium o ma allowed he au ho o ((Quoniam
di e si as)) o in oduce some hing o his own in e es s in o his o gani-
za ion and p esen a ion o Galen's eachings, and he e is a leas one
passage in he compendium ha shows a ema kable cong uence wi h
A nald's own conce ns. In his ewo king o lib.
1
cap.
3,
he au ho
dig esses long enough o a gue o he unimpo ance o e ninol~~ical
dis inc ions o he ac ual p ac ice o medicine, hus making a poin no
o be ound in he A abo-La in o iginal.
«To in es iga e whe he his o ha ough p ope ly o be called
nocu-
men um
a he han
mo bus,
o ice e sa,
o passio,
o
accidens,
and so o h,
is o no alue o a cu e. I is enough o use he names we ha e acco ding
o he p ac ice o he lea ned ancien s, who egula ly used he e ms
dolo
and
nocumen um
and
accidens
o indica e he condi ion o some ac i i y,
namely i s a lic ion o lesion; and o cal1
mo bus
he unna u al condi ion
o disposi ion o [ he ac i i y's] membe , since i is an e ec imposed on
he membe by a mo ion
ex a na u am.
Fo no e e y change o al e a ion
o a membe cons i u es a
mo bus,
only ha by which a membe is so
dis u bed o co up ed ha i pe cep ibly exceeds he limi s o i s na u al
disposi ion o condi ion
...
Such in es iga ions a e en i ely useless o he
physician, because he canno gain a co ec unde s anding o illness
' h ough hem, no is i [sic] use ul o a cu e o o knowledge o u u e
hings))
(6).
(6)
((In es iga e e o, u um hoc au illud debea p op ie oca i nocumen um e non mo bus,
au econ e so, si e passio au accidens e similia, non p odes cu acioni. SuEci au em
nominibus in en is u i secundum consue udinem sapien um an iquo um, qui nomine
dolo is e nocumen i e acciden is u un u u plu imum ad signandum habi um quendam
accionis, scilice eius maliciam e1 lesionem, e appella e mo bum inna u alem habi-
um, e1 disposicionem illius memb i, cum si e ec us illa us memb o pe mo um ex a
na u am. Non enim omnis mu acio e1 al e acio memb i cons i ui mo bum, se illa
solum qua memb um con undi u e1 co umpi u ali e , u sensibili e eg edia u
e minos na u alis disposi ionis au habi us
...
Que in es igaciones peni us sun inu iles
228
MICHAEL
R.
McVAUGH
This insis ence ha dialec ical nice ies a e unimpo an in compa ison
wi h he doc o 's eal ask is a commonplace in A nald" w i ings, and in
his
T ac a us de amo e he oico
o he 1270's o 1280's is exp essed in a
con ex and in language su p isingly close o ha o ((Quoniam di e -
si as)):
«Mo bus
is a
mala disposi io
and is con a y o he na u e o he body; bu
a
nocumen um
consequen upon his disposi ion, a ec ing he ac i i y o
some acul y ope a ing in an o gan disposed con a y o na u e, is called
by he con enien e m o
accidens mo bi
...
Bu he physician [some imes]
names he
mo bus
by
he
accidens
...,
especially since his b ings abou no
impedimen o his wo k; o since he physician s uggles o unde s and
he
essence o
a
mo bus
o pe ec his wo k (and naming a
mo bus
in
wha e e way you please does no a ec he manne o wo king igh ly,
since he name is only used o he ins uc ion o he young
and
o hose
o be in oduced o hese ma e s), s udying he weakness om hose
hings ha e eal hemsel es mos ob iously in he
mo bus,
he accep s he
imposi ion o he name))
(7).
Whoe e he au ho o ((Quoniam di e si as)) was, his medical alues
ag eed ema kably well wi h A nald's.
Tha his simila i y
is
no me ely coincidence is es ablished beyond
much doub by a passing ema k in A nald's commen a y upon he i s
o he Hippoc a ic
Apho isms
(((Vi a b e is, a s e 0
lo iga))),
w i en
p obably in he i s decade o he ou een h cen u y a Mon pellie :
(c he i s wo pa s
de in e io ibus
con ain
a
use ill doc ine, absolu ely
necessa y o he physician, which he unde s anding could no mas e in
he common ansla ion because o he di e e-nce o ende ings
(dz e en ia
educ ionum);
i was ende ed
( educ a)
las yea in
he
ashion o he La ins,
so ha e e y s uden could pe ec himsel 'in hem
...
»
(8).
medico, quia nec pe has acqui i cognicionem ec am mo bo um, nec p odes cu acioni,
nec p o idencie u u o um)) (ed.
R.
Du ling). No hing o his is o be ound in he ex o
((Medico um non solum))
(Ope a Galeni
[Venice 14901, ol. 331 A).
(7)
«Mo bus e enim es mala disposi io e con a na u am memb i exis i ; nocumen um
au em quod ex mala dic a disposi ione sequi u ad ac ionem i u is ope an is in o gano
sic con a na u am disposi o con enien i nomine mo bi accidens appella u
...
Medicus.
e 0
...
mo bum hic ab acciden e denomina , 'maxime cum hoc nullum p ocu e
impedimen um in ope e; cum e enim ad ope is ec i udinem mo bi essen iam medicus
labo e agnosce e (e hoc e iam ec e ope a iones o mam non cu a mo bu n quomo-
dolibe no nina e, cum solum u a u nomine ad doc ina n mino um e in oducendo-
um in hoc), debili a em conside ans ab eis que in mo bo mani es io a pa escun ,
nominis imposi ionem assumi .))
1
am in he p ocess o edi ing he
T ac a us de amo e
he oico:
he ex gi en abo e is based p ima ily upon Ms Va ican ~ala' . la . 11 80, ol. 197 .
A less sa is ac o y ex is in
Ope a A naldi
(Venice, 1505), ol. 249 B.
(8)
c..
P ime due pa icule de in e io ibus u ilem con inen doc inam e alde necessa iam
medico, nec pe communem asla ionem po e a in ellecn s elici p op e di e en iam
educ ionum; e educ a ue i anno p e e i o ad s a um la ino um, i a quod omnis
s udens po es in eis modo p o ice e, e no abili e de ec us es medici qui ca ui scien ia
illa um dua um pa icula um.))
1
ep oduce wi hou emenda ion he ex in
Repe i io supe
can. Vi a b e is, Ope a A naldi
(Venice, 1505, ol. 32 1 B).
The
au ho ship o he
Galenic
229
This passage can sca cely be misunde s ood in he ligh o wha has
al eady been discussed. The ex o which A nald e e s he e as
composed in he p e ious yea is clea ly he compendium, ((Quoniam
di e si as)), a ewo king (no eally a (( ansla ion))) o he i s wo books
o
De
in e io ibus
ha , as we ha e seen, s ill bea s in MS Me on
230
he
heading ((secundum s ilum la ino um)). Inescapably,
1
hink, we mus
acknowledge ha i was ((Quoniam di e si as)) o which A nald e e ed
as
( nos am ansla ionem)), despi e he inaccu acy o ha e m, and
mus da e i s composi ion o Mon pellie in he ea ly yea s o he
ou een h cen u y.