SOCIALINES
LINGVISTIKOS
PROBLEMOS
LIETUVIYU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI,
XIX
(1979)
TOuye
Jlewep esuy
JTEWIEPHEB
COBPEMEHHOE
COCTOAHHE
COMWMOJIMHTBHCTHKH
B
CCCP
H
AKTYAJIbHbIE
NPOBJIEMbI
PA3BHTHA
A3bIKOBOH
>KH3HH
COBETCKOTO
OBIIECTBA
3a
nocaeqHHe
Ba
AecATHAeTHA
B
CopeTcKom
Co103e
OTHOCHTebHO
WMpOKHi
pa3MaX
MPHHAJIH
COMMOMH BHCTHYeCKHe
HcCAeOBaHHA.
Onn
cBs3aHbl
Mpe kze
BCe o
C
H3yYeHHeM
3aKOHOMepHOCTel
(byHKIHOHMPOBaHHA,
PasBHTHA
H
B3aHMO-
eHCTBUA
s3bIKOB
Hapoyop
CCCP,
c
paspa6o Koi
npo6sembl
pyccKo o
sA3biKa
KaK
A3bIKa
M@KHALMOHAIbHOTO
OOMLEHHA
H
KaK
OJHOTO
3
MHPOBbIX
ASbIKOB,
C
MCCACMOBAHHEM
COWHOHHIBHCTHYECKHX
MpoOOJIeM
pasBHBalOULHXCA
CTpaH
H
MHpO-
BOFO
JHHIBHCTHYECKO O
(ASHIKOBO O)
Mpowecca,
a
TaKKE
C
NOMbITKAMH
CO3aHHA
o6 iel
TeOPHH
COWHAabHOH
JHHTBHCTHKH.
Bnepsbie
B
HCTOPHH
COBETCKOTO
A3bIKOSHAHHA
CO3aHbl
CeKTOPbI
COMMasbHOH
umu BucTukH
B
Muc u y e
a3pikosHanna
AH CCCP,
p
Huc u y e
Boc oKopeze-
Hua
AH
CCCP,
counomwu suc uyeckne
ucciegoBanua
Bexy ca
B
Muc u y e
pyecko o
sebika
AH
CCCP,
B
Mockosckom
ocyjapcTBeHHOM
yHHBepcHTe e,
B
Muc u y e
um.
A.
C.
Iymknua,
8
Jlexuu paackom
o gesenuu
Muc u y a
a3pl-
Ko3HaHua
AH
CCCP.
BaxkHad
paOoTa
10
H3y4eHHIO
COMMOMHHIBHCTHYeCKHX
NpoOemM
mpoBouHT-
CH
B
pAe
cowsHbIx
peci yOuK.
OcoGeHHO
ceAyeT
OTMETHTb
CONHOMMHTBACTH-
yeCcKHe
HCCe OBaHHA,
OCYyillecTBAAeMbIe
B
YkpanucKoli
CCP
nox
pyKoBoACTBOM
akagemuka
H.
K.
Beaogena.
3a
nocaeqHHe
TOMbI
3HAYHTebHOe
BHHMAHHe
yeAHeTCA
Op aHH3allHH
COLHO-
JIMHIBUCTHYeCKHX
HccAesoBaHHi
B
JIu osckoi
CCP.
Mo
unuiunaTupe
AHpeKTopa
VMuc i y a
AMTOBCKO O
AgbIKa
H
AMTepa ypbi
AH
JIu CCP
akagemuka
AH
JIM CCP
K.
Tl.
Kopcakaca
npososn ca
6obliad
paboTa
MO
MOTOTOBKe
KapOB
MOJO
ABIX
cou omnu suc os.
B
Muc u y e
s3piKo3Hanun
AH
CCCP
oxonuua
acnupan ypy
HM
Mpeac apna
Auccep annio
$1.
C.
Tpudonopac,
Hay
KaHzHAaTCKUMM
AACCepTa-
UHAMH
ycnewHo
pabo aioT
c axeppi
JI.
[pymageue,
lO.
Kapaneioc,
H.
Mapxene.
B
HHCTHTyTe
CO3 aHa
Tpy ia
MO
COMMHOJIMHTBHCTHKe
NOX
PyKOBOACTBOM
Kall.
cpu.
nayk
C.
C.
Kapanionaca.
S a
pynnia
npuusdia
HaHnOo/ee
akKTHBHOe
yuacTHe
B
HOATOTOBKe
H
YCHeIHOM
MpoBeeHH
KoNdepenwan
,,COUMOJIMHTBHCTHKa
H
JIMTOB-
ckni
aspiKk“
(21—22
espana
1978
.).
Sapexy oulni
cek opom
Muc u y a
JuTOBCKO O
A3bIKa
H
JIMTepaTypbI
4J1.-KOp.
AH
JIu CCP
K.M.
Yappujac
npHHuMaeT
akTHBHOe
yyacTHe
B
Hay4HO-op aHu-
SaILMOHHBIX
M€POMPHATHAX
MO
COIMHOJIMHTBHCTHKe.
VMuc u y?
auToBcKo o
s3biKa
H
auTepa ypb!
AH
JIu opcKoi
CCP
okaspiBae
3HaYHTebHY!O
HOMOMIb
KaHA.
HI.
Hayk
yueHomy
cekpe apio
Hayyno o
cope a
NO
KOMMJ€KCHOH
MpoOeme
,,3aKOHOMepHOCTH
Pa3BHTHA
HallMOHAJIbHbIX
A3bIKOB
B
CBS3H
C
PaSBHTHEM
COMMAIMCTHYeCKHX
Hallui
pu
OTAeeHHH
AHTepaTyDpbI
H
a3pika
AH
CCCP
B.
10.
Muxaapyenxo.
Ona
sBane cn
aB opom
pasyesa
,,Pa3-
BUTHE
JIHTOBCKO-pyCcCKO O
JBYA3bINHA“
B
KOJIJI€KTHBHOM
Tpyze
,,PasBHTHe
Ha-
I{HOHAaJIbHO-pyccko o
AByaspuHA~
(M.,
1976),
pas
nea
HamucaH
Ha
OCHOBe
KOHKpeT-
HbIX
COMHOJIHHTBHCTHYeCKHX
HCCeLOBaHHH,
NpoBexeHHbIX
B
JIHTBe.
B.
1O.
Muxasbyenko
MpHHuMaeT
akTHBHOe
yyacTHe
B
HSYYeHHH
ASbIKOBOH
2#Ku3HH
JIHTOBCKOH
CCP.
CouMOuIHHTBHCTHYeCKHe
HCCJeqoBaHHA
BeyTCA
HB
APy ux
pecmyOsuKax.
Cneqye
oTMeTHTb
pa3pa6oTKy
comMomMH BUcTH4ecKHXx
nmpo6iem
B
Kasaxckoii,
MouyascKoli,
Benopyccxoi ,
Asep6a izaKanckoli
u
B
HeKOTOPBIX
JIPy HX
co103-
HBIX,
ABTOHOMHBIX
pecilyO1MKax
H
OOAacTax.
Bonpoce!
couMadbHOl
AHHTBUCTHKH
paspaaTHIBaloTca
B
pAjle
YHHBepCuTeTOB
H
Teqa o MyecKuX
HHCTHTYTOB
(Hanpu-
Mep,
B_CapaTOBCKOM
TocyjlapcTBeHHOM
yHHBepcHTeTe
MOL
pyKOBOCTBOM
npod.
JI.
HW.
Bapanunxosoi ,
8
Tlensenckom
neauac u y e
nox
pyKOBoACTBOM
npod.
B.
J].
Bouya e osa)
u
7.7.
YuuTbIBad
O POMHOe
MpakTHYeCKoe
H
TeopeTH4ecKOe
3Ha¥eHHe
COLMOMHUTBHC-
THYECKHX
HCCeQOBaHUli,
HeOOXOJMMO
YCHAUTb
BAMMaHue
K
HUM.
TakHe
ucc.leno-
BaHHsl
1O/DKHbI
ObITh
Op aHH30BaHbl
BO
BCeX
Hay4HO-JIMHTBHCTHYeCKUX
y4pexcye-
HUAX
H
By3aX
CTpaHbl.
YcuJeH e BHAMAHMA
K
paspaOoTKe
npobjleMBI
pyccKo o
ASbIKa
KaK
ASbIKA
MEXAHANMOHAJIbHOTO
OGWLEHHA,
KaK
OJHOFO
13
MUPOBBIX
A3bIKOB,
Co3qaHHe
CTPYKTYPHBIX
C(MHHI
B
HOOTMYeCKUX
yUpekIeHMAX
aKa
emul
HayK
COIOSHBIX
pecmy6IHK
((puMaIoB)
6yAyT
cnocobcTBOBaTb
JasbHeli iemy
pa3-
BePTHIBAHHIO
COUMOJIMHTBUCTHYeCKHX
UCCeqOBaHHi .
Cou anbHo
oOycioBAeHHad
TeH,eHUMA
CBOOO_HOTO
(PYHKUMOHMpOBanHA
M
pa3sBUTHA
JMTepaTypHEIX
A3bIKOB
O6uensBec Ho,
u o
Kommynuc uyeckaa
nlap ua
Cope cko o
Coiosa
pce ga
MPOBOAMW1a
H
MPOBONMT
B
AKUSHb
JICHMHCKY10
HalMOHaIbHYy!O
MOJMTHKY,
NOAMTHKY
OecnpenaATcTBeHHO O
pasBUTHA
Haul,
Hapoguoc ell,
ux
KyJIbTyp
H
cBOOo,HO O
byHKUMOHMpoBaHHA
UX
A3bIKOB.
Bonpeku
yTBepxKeHHAM
CoBeTOMOFOB,
cbapeu-
cbukaTOpos
BEIalouluxXca
JOCcTHMKeHHH
CTpanb
CopeToB,
06
aCCHMMJIAIIMH
ASbIKOB
H
KYyIbTyp
Hapogos
CCCP,
sum epa TypHble
A3bIKM
COBeTCKHX
HaposOB
paHee
HUKOTa
He
NOCTHTaJIM
TaKO O
BbICOKO O
yPOBHA
CBOe O
Pa3sBUTHA,
Ha
KAKOM
OHH
HaxosaTen
B
HacTosilee
BpeMA.
ITO
NoATBepxKaeTcA
HeoMpoBepxKUMEIMA
cakTaMn.
PaccMOTpuM
JHIIb
HeKoTopple
43
9THX
dakToB,
Tak,
B
1914/15
yueOHom
o-
Ay
Ha
Ykpauue
He
Obi/0
HH
OHO
Jake
HayaJbHOl
CBeTCKOM
WIKOWIBI
C
o6y¥enHem
Ha
yKpa HCKoM
sspiKe
(,,Co ianic iuua
YKpaina“,
c.
237).
Mocae
nobexb
Bean-
Ko o
OxTa6ps
OG
y4enHe
ykpawHCKHXx
JeTel
cpasy
2Ke
ObIzI0
llepeBeJeHo
Ha
poqHo
asbik.
Eme
k
50-e uio
Cope ckoli
Bnac u
—
B
1967/68
yue6uom
oxy
—
B
|
—4-x
Kjlaccax
uKou1
YCCP
o6yyaaucb
Sos ee
3420
ThIc.
ue10BeK,
B
TOM
Uucue
Ha
ykKpa-
HHCKOM
sA3bIke
—
Oo ee
2093
hIc.,
B
5—8-x
Knaccax
—
Gomee
1997
ThIc.
H B
9—10-x
kaaccax
—
cppuue
514
TaIc.
As
1914/15
yae6uom
ogy
ua
Ykpaune
byHKumonnposas o
27
Be ciux
yueOubIx
3aBeqeHHi,
B
HUX
OOyYa ocb
35
204
yenoBeka.
Hu
B
onHOM
43
3aBeleHHi
yKpaHuc-
Kuli
A3bIK
B
Ka eCTBe
A3bIKa
OOYYeHHA
He
NpHMeHssics.
CopepmieHHo
una
KapTHHa
HaOw0 asacb
B
YKpauncKol
CCP
p
1974/75
yue6uom
ogy:
gelic sosaso
142
BBICIIHX
YYeOHBIX
3aBeeHUA,
B
KOTOPBIX
3aHUMaHcb
818
TEC.
CTYeHTOB;
o6y-
H€HHE
OCYIMCCTB.IAIOCh
Ha
yKPaHHCKOM
HM
PyCCKOM
A3bIKaX,
10
2KeMaHHIO
yua-
UHXCA.
C
nepppix
xe
Aue
yc aHopnenua
Cope cKoi
Bnac u
B
JluTBe
Opin
mpH-
HATbI
MEpbl
JWI
MOBbILCHHA
PO/IM
WHTOBCKOTO
ASbIKa
B
OOIECTBEHHO-NOWMTH-
4eCKOl
H
KYyJIbTYpHOH
2KH3HH
JMTOBCKOTO
Hapoga.
CoBeTcKad
BaacTb
Gbi ia
po-
Bos uaiiena
B
JIuTBe
16
AekaGpa
1918
.
Yxe
,13
map a
1919
oxa
pi
uagqan
AeKpeT
O
CO3TaHHH
YHUBepCuTeTa
B
MOMeIeHHAX
SakppITO O
B
1832
oxy
wapc-
KHM
IIpaBATebcTBOM
BusbHioccKo o
yHuBepcu e a“
(,,Hapoguoe
o6pasoBanue“,
c.
430).
Kak
usBecTHo,
,,oueHb
LmmMpoKo
PasBepHyBIUaACA
JeATeIbHOCTb
M0
CO3ja-
HH10
HOBOH,
COBeTCKOH
CHCTeMbI
O6pa30BaHHA
Oba
TpepBawa
Mexy
HapoAHOH
8
KOHTppeBosolMek,
KoTOpad
B
1919
ogy
nogaBusia
Cope cKyio
BuacTb
B
JIuTBe“
(Tam
xe,
c.
430).
B
1939/40
yue6uom
ogy,
T.e.
K
KOHUy
ocnoycTBa
6ypxya3sHu
B
JIuTBe,
»CTYACHTOB
BO
BCeX
BBICIIHX
yYeOHBIX
3aBeJeHHAX
ObWIO
Bce o
3,5
THIC.
wesOBeK*‘
(Tam
xe,
c.
431).
;
Mexny
em
B
1974/75
yye6uom
ogy
B
JIu oscko
CCP
cbyxkuHonuposaso
12
BbIcHIMxX
y4eOHBIX
3aBeyeHHi,
B
HUX
HacuHTHIBaoce
60,8
TIC.
CTY
eCHTOB.
B
pecnyOauKe
JelicTBopa. o
3
THC.
OOWeo6pas0BaTeAbHBIX
IIKOWI,
B
HUX
3aHMMa-
wocb
629
ic.
y¥auuxca;
78
cpeqHUX
CHelMaNbHEIX
y4eOHBIX
3aBeJeHHi,
B
HUX
o6yuanoch
67,7
Thc.
yuanwxca
(,,Exe oguuk...‘‘,
c.
102—103).
B
pysax,
yau-
HUaX
MW
UIKOWIaX
pasHbIX
THIIOB
O6y4eHHe
BeseTCA
FaBHBIM
O6pa30M
Ha
JIMTOBC-
KOM
A3bIKe.
B
Hay4Ho-ucce oBaTeMbcKO
paOoTe
TakKxKe
WHpPOKO
MpuMeHsAeTCH
JMTOBCKHH
A3bIK.
Bee
9TO
B
CoBeTCKyI0
SMOXy
cMOco6cTBOBaIO
HeOEIBaIOMy
@YHKUMOHAIbHOMY
HM
BHYTPHCTPyKTYPHOMY
Pa3BHTHIO
AUTOBCKOLO
ASbIKa.
Tpysua
—
pecny6auka
qpesueli
kyib ypp .
M
em
He
Menee,
KaK
OTMeuaeTca
B
kuu e
,,Hapoquoe
o6pasopanue“,
nocBa enHoli
50-e uio
BezuKo o
Ox a6dpa,
»0
ycTaHoBeHua
CoBeTcKoli
BaacTH
Go/IbUIMHCTBO
HaceleHuA
pecnyOauKU
ObIO
JIMINEHO
BO3MOXKHOCTH
MOYYHTh
Jake
HayaJIbHoe
cBeTCKOe
OOpazoBaHue.
Co HM
ThIcHY
B3pocaBIX
He
3HamH
pamo i <
(,,HapogHoe
oOpasopanne™,
c.
401).
B
1921
.
8
[pysuu
Opiaa
noc aBaena
saqaya
mepeBoga
O6yuennA
B
Ha ab-
HbIX
WKONaX
Ha
POJHbIC
A3bIKH
—
[PYSHHCKHM,
APMAHCKHH,
a3epOalimKaHcKuil,
aOxasckuii,
oceTHHCKHi.
D a
sayqaua
ycnelino
peiena.
Bypuo
pa3puBaaacb
o6ule-
oOpasoBaTe/IbHad
HallHOHambHad
WKOa
B
pysuu.
K
1965/66
yueOnomy
ozy
B
peciyOuIMKe
HacuHTHIBasOCcb
Bce o
2959
pysHHcKux,
287
pycckux,
242
apMaHcKHX,
162
asep6ai mKancKux,
39
adxascKxux,
194
oceTHHcKUx
u
372
CMeLIAHHBIe
IKOJBI.
Takum
o6pasom,
8
Ipysuuckoli
CCP
8
3596
mxkoaax
pycckHii
a3bIK
He
ABAAICH
ASbIKOM
OOYUCHHA,
OH
H3yYa/ICA
Kak
Npeyme .
JIuu b
B
287
WIKOMaX
OH
BEINOMHAL
@yHKWH
s3bIKa
OOy4eHHA.
Ecam
yo
pesomouun
B
Dpysuu
He
Obii0
Hu
O HOi
cpenHel
oOieo6pasoBa eb-
HOH
LIKOJIbI
C
O6yYeHHeM
Ha
Tpy3HHCKOM
ASbIKe,
TO
K
50-s1e u10
Cope cKoi
BlacTH
8
[’pysuuckoi
CCP
dyxkionuposaso
2959
uko1
c
O6y4eHHeM
Ha
py3HHCKOM
aspike.
Tak,
B
1967/68
yueOHom
ogy
jaa
312
794
ysamuxca
5—10-x
Kaaccos
ASBIKOM
OOYYCHHA
ABJIAICH
Ppy3HHCKHi.
Kak
BHAHO
HS
TIPHBeJeHHEIX
JaHHBIX,
Tlocwe
nobexn
BemuKo o
Ox a6pa
MPOHSOLWIH
KOPeHHbIe
H3MCHEHHA
B
COMMAIbHBIX
YCIOBMAX
(yHKUMOHMpPOBAHHA
ABbIKOB,
B
PasBUTHH
HX
OOMECTBEHHBIX
byHKUMH.
Ccpepp
mpHMeHeHHA
MTepaTyp-
HBbIX
ASbIKOB
PaClIMPHJIMCb
20
HeObIBaJIbIX
MaCIITAa6OB.
CounanbHo
OGycaoBeHHad
TeH,eHUMA
WMpOKO O
npHmMeHeHUs
HaUMOHAJAbHO-pyccKko o
ABYA3BI4nA
Kak
usBec xo,
8
Cope ckom
Co ose
(pyHKiHOHHp
YI0T
pasHble
THNBI
JByA3bIUHA.
BaxkneliiiumMua
THMaMH
JByA3bIUHA,
HanpuMep,
B
JIuToBcKoii
CCP
spasio ca
JIMTOBCKO-PyCckoe
H
PYCCKO-/IHTOBCKOe;
B
AsepOaligzKaHcKoli
CCP
—
asep-
Oalij~KaHCKO-pyccKoe,
pyccKO-a3ep6ali/ KaHcKoe,
aPMAHCKO-pyCcKoe,
apMAHCKO-
azepOaliMKalckoe,
a3sepOaiKaHCKO-apManckoe;
B
TamKuKcKoii
CCP
—
amxKuKe-
KO-PpyccKoe,
PYCCKO-TaVKHKCKoe,
y36eKCKO-pyccKoe,
y36eKCKO-TaKHKCKOe,
TaNVKUKCKO-y30eKcKoe
H
1.1.
TaKHM
OOpasoM,
BO
BCex
pecnyOnHKax
mpes-
CTaBieHO
HallMOHaJIbHO-pyCcKoe
ABYASBIUMe
Kak
T iaBHbili,
OCHOBHOM
THN
JBY-
ASKIHA,
MOCPEACTBOM
KOTOPOTO
OCYIeCTB/AeTCA
OOIMeEHHe
MeXxKIy
BCeMH
Hapo-
Zamu
CCCP,
kyJbTypub ii
B3auMo0OMen.
Bce
ocTasIbHble
THIIbI
JBYASBIMHA
HMeIOT
9
MeCTHOe,
J1OKaJIbHOe
sHayeHHe.
Hanpumep,
TaKHKCKO-pyccKoe
ABYASbIYHe
He-
BO3MO?KHO
B
IWHPOKHX
COMMAJIbHbIX
WeAX
NPHMeHATS
B
JluTBe,
[pysnu
u
Apy ux
pecny61ukax,
B
KOTOPBIX
OYeHb
MaJlO
TaJ2KHKOB
H
BOOOLIe
MOJeH,
BlaqelomlHx
TaJUKHKCKHM
ASbIKOM.
To
2Ke
CaMOe
CuIeLyeT
CKa3aTb
O
BO3MOXKHOCTH
NpHMeHeHHA
B
HIMPOKHX
COUWMAJIbHBIX
WeAX
MHTOBCKO-pyccKo o
AByA3bIuKA
B
TypKMmeHHH,
Jla ec ane
H
7.2.
(MocKoIbKYy
TaM
2KMBeT
MaJIO
JTHTOBUeB).
KoneyHo,
Hao
yJeATb
COOTBeETCTBYIOIIee
BHHMAHHe
PYCCKO-JIHTOBCKOMY
1
Apy uM
THNaM
AByxsbuHA.
HanpHMep,
BaxKHO
NOMOYb
PyCCKHM
H
MpescTaBuTe-
AM
JPYTFHX
HapOJOB,
NOCTOAHHO
%KHByLHM
B
JIMTBe,
B
OBaeHHH
JHTOBCKHM
ASbIKOM,
JIHTOBCKO-PyCCKHM
JBYASbEHeM.
YunTHIBAA
TO
OOCTOATEBCTBO,
UTO
TaBHBIM
H
HaHOoJee
BaxKHLIM
THOM
JBy-
aspmuua
B
CCCP
spaseTca
HalHOHa bHO-pycckoe
JByASbIMHe,
OCTaHOBUMCA
Mpe-
HMYULeCTBEHHO
Ha
BONPOCaX,
CBA3AHHbIX
C
ETO
pasBHTHEM.
CoumaibHo
O6ycoBseHHad
TeHJeHLHA
LWHPOKOTO
NpHMeHeHHA
HalHOHaJIbHO-
PYCCKOFO
ABYASbINHA
B
COIOSHBIX,
ABTOHOMHBIX
peCi yOHKaXx,
O6aCTAX
H
OKPy-
axX
MpHBewa
K
TOMY,
4TO
B
HACTOAIIee
BPeEMA
KaK
HHKOFa
BOSPOCAa
pO
pyc-
CKO O
A3bIKa
B
XKHSHH
HapojoB
CCCP,
B
opMHpoBaHHH
H
PasBHTHH
3peso o
COLH-
amucTH4ecko o
o6ujec Ba.
TakHM
o6pa30M,
HalHOHaJbHbIe
ASbIKH
H
PYyCCKHi
ASbIK
KaK
ASbIK
ME2KHAUHOHAIHOPO
OGIIEHHA
JONOAHAIOT
Apy
Apy a
B
COBMecT-
HOH
2KH3HH
H
JATeJIBHOCTH
COBETCKHX
MO
Jel
B
YCAOBHAX
Pa3BHTOTO
COMHasH3Ma.
Bee
a o
o6yc.10BMBaeT
2KUSHEHHY10
HEOOXOAHMOCTb
B
PpasBHTHH
H
MOBCeMeCTHOM
PacnpocTpakeHHH
HallHOHAJIbHO-PYCCKOTO
ABYA3BIMHA
BO
BCEX
COIO3HBIX,
ABTOHOM-
HbIX
pec yO1HKax,
OGacTAX
H
OKpy ax.
Kak
H3BecTHO,
43
pasHOOOpasHbIX
COWMabHBIX
(PYHKUMH
PyccKO O
A3bIKa
BaKHeHIMMMH
MPH3HaHbI
Caemy ou ue:
1)
dyHKUHH
Hal HOHaIbHOTO
A3bIKa
pyc-
cko o
Hapojla;
2)
PyHKuHH
OOue o
A3bIKa
MexKHAaLHOHATbHO O
OOULEHHA
HapoZOB
CCCP;
3)
byHkKuHH
O HOTO
3
HBbIKOB
MeXxKLyHapogHo o
OGIeHHA,
OHOTO
43
MHPOBBIX
ASbIKOB;
4)
(YHKUHH
ASbIKa,
C/y2Kalle O
OAHHM
H3
TaBHbIX
HCTOUHH-
KOB
O60FAallleHHA
H
Pa3BATHA
ASbIKOB
COBETCKHX
HapOJOB.
HanGox ee
o6ieli
sakoHOMepHOCTbIO
pasBUTHA
ASbIKOBO!
XH3HH
COBETCKOTO
OOUeCTBa,
OTPa kKalollleH
COMMaJIbHbIe
HHTepecbl
H
MOTpeOHOCTH
HepBocTeneHHOli
BaxKHOCTH
BCeX
HapOJOB
Halle
CTPanbl,
ABJIACTCA
BCE
YCHIMBalOMLaACA
TeH
ACH
A
BO3paCTaHHA
POH
M
PyAKWHH
PyCCKOFO
ABbIKa
B
COBMECTHOM
NPOHSBOACTBEHHOL
H
OOULECTBEHHO-NOJIMTHYeCKOH
JeATeMbHOCTH
BCeX
COBeTCKHX
Jose.
B
xHsHH
6ombuiMHcTBa
Hapogos
CCCP
pycckni
s3bIK
NpHMeHAeTCH
He
TOJIbKO
KaK
A3bIK
Me@2KHaUHOH4IbHOTO
OOLeHHA,
HO
H
KaK
OCHOBHO/i
A3bIK
MpOCBeWIeHHA,
NOSHAaHHA
(T.e.
ASbIK
CpesHeTO
O6Ule O,
CHelHaMbHOTO
H
BbICLIeTO
OOpas0BaHHA,
ASbIK
HayKH
H
TEXHHKH),
OB/IaeHHA
OOLIECOBETCKOH
H
MHPOBOH
KyIbTypol.
BMec e
¢
TeM
Bax-
HO
OTMETHTb
H
TO,
4TO
PYCCKHH
ASbIK
BbINOJHAeT
(PYHKUHH
A3bIKa
OGULECTBEHHO-
NOJMTHYECKOH,
HaYYHOH
MH
KYJbTYPHOH
MKHSHH
COBeTCKOTO
OGLeCTBa
B
Le10M,
B
MacuiTa6ax
Bcei
cTpanbi.
Bce
3To
H
CAeMa0
pyccKHi
ASbIK
OOMEMPH3HaHHbIM
ASbIKOM,
C
Ka@KIbIM
HOBbIM
HEM
BC
CHJIbHee
YKPeMJIAIOULMM
€AHHCTBO,
MOHOJIHMT-
HOCTb
COBETCKOTO
OGUleCTBA,
ASbIKOM
OpaTCKo o
COTpy
AHHYeCTBa
H
B3aH
MOMOMOLILH
Bcex
Hapogos
CCCP.
B
nopcemecTHoM
paciipoc paHeHul
pyCcKo o
A3bIKa,
B
BOSpaCTaHHH
e o
3Ha-
4eHHA
B
NOBCeHEBHOM
OOMLEHHH
COBETCKHX
JOjeli
HeMaOBaxKHY!0
POJlb
HIpae
H
TOT
akT,
YTO
PYCCKHH
ABbIK
—
POAHOM
ABbIK
PyCCKHX,
COCTABAIOMNHX
Gosee
NOMOBHHbI
HaceleHHA
Hallie
cTpaHbl.
Kpome
o o,
10
aHHbIM
Nepenucu
Hace-
senua
1970
.,
36,3%
yKpannues
u
49%
Genopycos
cBo6oHO
BulajeloT
pyccCKHM
sI3BIKOM,
OCTAJIbHOe
Ke
YKPaHHcKoe
Hu
GesOpyccKoe
Hace eHHe
B
TOM
HH
HHO
CTeNeHH
3HaeT
PYCCKHHi
ASbIK
KaK
6JIMSKOPOACTBEHHBI
yKpanHcKomy
H
Gesopyc-
ckomy.
B
To
xe
BpeMs
OH
CTaI
POAHHIM
ASbIKOM
Go ee
13
MH.
mpegcTaBuTesel
BCX
HallMOHaJ/IbHOCTeH.
10
Bee
W3/10x%KeHHOe
He
MPHBOLMT
K
YMaJIeHHIO
POJIH
H
3HaYeHHA
MeCTHbIX
A3bIKOB
B
XKH3HH
HX
HOCHTeNeH
(Benonzen
H.
K.,
1969;
Jlemepues
IO.
JI.,
1966).
SHaueHHe
pyccKO o
AsbIKa
JWI
pasBuTHA
Hapoyop
CCCP
neabsa
o panuun-
BaTb
eO
PYHKUMAMH
ASbIKAa
MexKHALMOHa/IbHOTO
ObujeHHA.
TpyAHO
mepeoueHHTe
BbIAaIOULY!OCA
POIb
PYCCKOFO
ASbIKa
B
PasBHTHH
H
OOOTalleHHH
KyJIbTYP
H
A3bI-
KOB
BC€X
COBETCKHX
Hapogos.
Baa ogapa
pyccKomMy
AsbIKy
JOCTHKeHHA
11000%
HalMOHAJIbHOH
KYJIbTYPbl
CTAHOBATCA
JOCTOAHHEM
BCeX
COBeTCKUX
Jose.
Kak
H3BECTHO,
HapOsbl
AOpeBo/OUMOHHOH
PoccHH
HaxXOAHAMCb
Ha
pa3HbIX
ypOBHAX
cBOe O
MOJMTHYECKOTO,
SKOHOMMYECKOLO
H
KYJIbTYPHOTO
pa3BHTHA:
ee
HaCceMAJH
KaK
HapO/Jibl
ApeBHel
BbICOKO!
Ky
bTYpbI,
TaK
H
HapOAHOCTH,
ITHMYECKHe
pynnb ,
OTCTaBlHe
B
CBOeM
pa3BHTHH.
BpipaBHHBaHHe
yPOBHA
HX
COLMMa/IbHO-3KOHOMH-
4¥eCKO O,
NOJHTHYECKOTO
H
KYAbTYPHOTO
PpaSBHTHA
Ha
COBPeMeHHOH
Go ee
BLICO-
KOH
CTaqHH
GbIO
WeNOM
UpesBEIMaHHO
TPy
THbIM.
Masouncnennbie
HapogHoc u
CeBpepa
JOCTH .1M
O poOMHbIX
ycnexoB
B
O61acTH
MIpOCBelleHWA,
HayKH,
KYJIbTYpbl,
JHTepaTypbl
H
HCKYCCTBAa,
PlaBHbIM
OOpa3om,
nmocpeACTBOM
pyccKo o
ssbika
(YBayan
B.
H.,
1971).
Jlyaume
npeac apu eau
MaJIbIX
HaPOJOB,
HCMOMb3YA
PYCCKHH
ASbIK,
TBOPAT
HOBbIC
AYXOBHbIe
WeHHOCTH.
Hanpumep,
uykya
lOpui
P xey,
ay6oko
3Halomuii
2KH3Hb,
ObIT
H
KyABTypy
cBoe o
HapOjla,
Ha
PYCCKOM
A3bIKe
CO3MaJI
MpeKPacHble
XY
JOXKECTBEHHBIe
MpOHs-
BeJeHHA,
H3OOPasHB
CBOMX
T epoeB
B
YCOBHAX
HaUHOHAJbHOI
xXHsHH.
Ha
pyc-
CKOM
ASbIKe
H3aHbl
CTHXH
yAa elia
Jbkancu
Kumenko,
Mancu
lO ana
Ilec aso-
Ba,
HeH a
Hukoaas
BoiaKku,
Hanaii ja
Anzpea
Ilaccapa
u
apy ax
noa os
Kpaii-
ne o
Cesepa,
Cu6upu
«
JlaibHe o
Boc oka.
Ha
pycckom
s3biKe
co3aioT
CBO
MIPOH3BeeHHA
H
MHOTHe
MpecTaBHTe/IH
APyHX
HapO OB
Hallleli
CTpa bl
—
mH-
CaTeJM,
YYeHbIe,
KYPHAJHCTHI,
AMTepaTyPHbIe
KPHTHKH.
B
3TOM
OTHOLIeHHH
M0-
Ka3aTe/IbHbI
WIMPOKO
H3BeECTHBIC
MPOH3BeJeHHA KHPTHSCKOTO
COBeTCKOTO
MHCa-
eas
Unn usa
A i Ma ToBa,
HamHcaHHbie
Ha
PyCCKOM
ASbIKe.
OcoGeHHO
3Ha4HTeTeH
BKJal
PyCcKOTO
A3bIKa
B
Mpolecc
B3aMMOOGo allleHuA
H
B3aHMOJeCHCTBHA
A3bIKOB
COBETCKHX
HapoyoB.
PycckHii
ASbIK
WeApo TemHaca
CBOHM
Oo aTCTBOM
C
JPyTHMH
A3bIKaMH.
B
copeTCKOli
A3bIKOBEMYECKOH
JM
TepaTy-
pe
HEOAHOKpaTHO
yTBepxK
aoc,
YTO
PYCCKHi
A3bIK
—
OAHH
M3
OCHOBHBIX
HCTOU-
HHKOB
OOO allleHHA
H
PaSBHTHA
MJaNOMMCbMeHHBIX
H
CTaPOMHCbMeHHBIX
A3bIKOB
Hapogos
Cope cko o
Co osa.
Jloc aTouHo
yKa3aTb,
uTo
70
—80%,
o6ulecTBeHHO-110-
JMTHYECKHX
H
HaAYYHO-TEXHHYECKHX
TEPMHHOB
3aHMCTBOBaHO
MJ1aJOMHCbMeHHBIMH
ASbIKAMH
W3
PYCCKOFO
HJM
Yepe3s
HETO
H3
APYTHX
ASbIKOB.
B
pyaax
copeTCKHX
y4eHbIX
MOAYePKHBaeTCA,
YTO
BO
BCeX
JHTepAaTyPHbIX
ASbIKaX
HallieH
CTpaHbi
MOA
HeNOCpeACTBeEHHBIM
BAHAHHeEM
PyccKO
My61MEHC-
THKH,
MpousBexennii
B.
H.
Jlennua
ccbopmupopaica
nyOAMUMCTHYeCKH
CTHVIb:
STO
MpaeT
COBETCKOMY
CTHJHO
B
CJIOBECHOM
MaTepHasle
ASbIKOB
BCe o
Hallie o
Colo3a
TY
MOHOJHTHOCTh
H
XapaKTePHY!O
BbIPaSHTEbHOCTb,
KOTOPHIe
CyewasH
e o
CTHJI€M
3NOXH,
Kak
MHCal
BbIaloulMiica
copeTcKHH
dusono
JI.
A.
By a-
XOBCKHH.
OcHoBHOH
BKJIa,
B
OOpas0BaHHe
OOie o
eKCMYeCKO O
(POH
a
HallHOHa/IbHbIX
ASbIKOB
BHOCHT
pyccKHi
sspik.
[IpeoOnaqaiouiad
YacTb
C10B,
BOIWeAWIHX
B
STOT
(POH,
BOCXOJUT
K
pyCCKOMY
ASbIKy
HH
3aHMCTBOBaHa
Yepes
He o.
K
TaKHM
C.I0-
BaM
Npexke
BCe o
OTHOCATCA
HHTePHallHOHaJIbHbIe
H
OOMLECOBeTCKHeE
TepMHHBI:
WHHTepHauMOHa/l,
HHTepHaliHOHaJIH8M,
TYMaHH3M,
COBET,
MaPKCH3M,
JICHHHH3M
HT...
Opho pacuyeckne,
a
HepeXKO
H
Op posnHyecKHe
HOPMbl
MHOTHX
3aHMCTBO-
BaHHBIX
CJIOB,
NONOHHBUIMX
OOULHH
MeKcHYeCKHH
couz
(HaNpHMep,
MiayomHcb-
MEHHBIX
ASbIKOB),
HEPeAKO
CKJabIBAalOTCA
MO
MOAeJIAM,
3€HMCTBOBAHHBIM
H3
pyc-
ckO o
H
Yepes
He o
H3
APyTHX
ASbIKOB!
KOMMYHHCT,
KOCMOHABT,
CIYTHHK,
paKe-
Ta,
KyJlaK,
peawuaM
Hu
T.2.
li

Cope ckue
yuenbie
yOequTeIbHO
JoKa3aiH,
UTO
8aiMCTBOBaHHe
He
TOMbKO
OT-
ACIbHBIX
CJIOB,
HO
H
CJIOBOCOYeTAHHH,
C1O0BO0Opas0BaTeMbHbIX
Moeeli
u
Moje-
Jeli
Pas
MMYHbIX
THIOB
COBOCOYeTAHUIi,
BOSMOKHOCTh
AaKTHBHOTO
BANANA
n1po-
wecca
B3aHMOOOO allleHHA
Ha
Pa3BUTHE
JeKCHKOCeMaHTHYeCKMX
CUCTeM,
Ha
CTH-
JMCTHYECKY!O
AMdepeHwauMio
ASbIKOB,
Ha
CO3JaHHe
cOXKHOTO
MpeqOKeHUA
CilyKaT
JHHTBACTHYCCKUM
CBHJETEbCTBOM
O
JaJbHelilliem
y yOmenHH
mpouec-
Ca
COIMKeHUA
Hallui ,
HapoHoc Tell
H
UX
RYXOBHBIX
KYyJIbTyp.
Bee
970,
pasyMee ca,
He
osHayae ,
¥TO
HallMOHaJIbHbIe
A3bIKH
yTpaTu.in
cBOIO
CHeWMuKy,
NOABep a oT cA
accHMuUJAIMH,
Kak
yTBepxALaloT
sapyOexHble
cba/ib-
CHHKAaTOPhI
ASBIKOBOM
MOMHTHKU,
MpoBozHMO
B
CCCP.
TIpoueccs
Bsanmoyelic sux
u
B3aMMoobo alienia
s3p KoB
o6ecmeyHBaloT
TONOMHEHHE
OCHOBHOTO
MCTOUHMKa
PasBHTHA
JIMTepaTypHO o
A3LIKa
—
e o
BHYT-
PeHHUX
pecypcoB,
4TO
CMocobcTByeT
JaTbHeliIIeMy
ycnelIHOMy
pewieHuio
onHOL
M3
BaKHEHLIMX
COMMOJIOTMYeCKUX
3ajla4
—
OBajeHHIO
HepycCKHM
HacesleHHeM
Hallleli
CTpaHbl
PYCCKUM
ASBIKOM;
COs
{AHH
OOIe o
TepMHHOMO HYecKO O
cpouza,
CTHMYJIHPYylolle o
TeHJCHIMH
HHTepHaUMOHAaM3alMH
HeKOTOPBIX
A3bIKOBLIX
ABNCHMH
B
YCJIOBHAX
MHOTOHANHOHaJIbHO O
Tocysapc sa,
Hay4HOMy
cHHTeSsH-
POBaHHiO
H
MCNOAbSOBaHHIO
BCe o
IeHHOTO
H
MpO peccuBHOTO,
4TO
eCTb
B
MHOFO-
BeKOBOM
HCTOPHH
BCEX
ASbIKOB
COBETCKHX
HaposoB.
S o
oTBeyaeT
HHTepecaM
BCe-
CTOPOHHETO
PasBHTHA
H
COMMKEHHA
Halli,
HapOAHOCTell
MUX
KyJIBTYp,
WeTA1M
H
3ayla aM
B3aMMooOO allleHHA
SSbIKOB.
Kak
sBecTHO,
pycckuli
A3bIK
3HadHTeTbHO
BMA
Ha
s3bIKH
Hapojos
Poccun
H
No
pepos oumu.
Ho, kak
o meyam
akagemux
B.
B.
Buno payos,
,ec b
ay-
Ookad
MpWHIMMManbHaA
pasHHia
Mex_y
mpexHuM,
HOPeBOMIOUMOHHEIM
BJIMA-
HHeM
PYCCKOTO
ASbIKa
Ha
ASbIKM
COCeMHAX
HapOAHOCTel
M
MEKAy
BAMAHMeM
pyc-
CKO O
A3bIKa
Ha
A3bIKM
Hapoyos
CCCP
B
namie
spema“.
Cxoqc sa
M
COOTBeTCTBHA
B
S3bIKax
CTpaHbI
Cope Tos,
o6yc.s10BeHHBIe
BO3-
AeHCTBHEM
PYCCKOTO
ABbIKa,
NPOABAAIOTCH:
1)
B
paciupenuu
ccbepsi
BAMAHUA
pyccKHX,
OCcobeHHO
HOBbIX,
COBETCKHX
BbI-
paxkenuii,
B
KaIbKHpoBaHHu
ux;
2)
B
CTpeMHTeBHOM
Pacnpoc paHeHunu
coBpeTH3-
MOB,
B
HX
JBWKEHUH
M3
OMHOFO
ASbIKa
B
Apy oi ;
3)
B
ocBOeHHH
OCHOBHO O
cbouyza
HHTepHaUMOHaJIbHOH
JIeEKCHKH
Yepes
PycckKuli
A3bIK;
4)
BooOIIe
B
YCHJIMBUIelicaA
TCHACHUMM
K
HHTepHaWHOHasIMsalHH,
B
OCOOeHHOCTH
K
ASbIKOBOli
HHTepHallHoHa-
Jusaunn
(Buno pagos
B.
B.,
1945).
Pycckwii
a3bIK
H
caM
oOo alllaeTca
MHOFOUHCAeHHEIMH
3auMCTBOBaHHAMH
43
AP
YTHX
ABbIKOB
HaposoB
c paH .
JLo
pesomiounH
on
OOo allaicA
MpeHMyLlecTBeH
-
HO
Tak
Ha3bIBaeMbIMH
STHO pad@usMaMu
—
C/lOBaMH,
OTPaxalOllUMH
OCOeHHOCTH
ObiTa,
MaTepHaIbHOl
H
AYXOBHOM
Ky«AbTypbI
PasJIM4HbIX
HapozoB
Poccun.
B
co-
BeTCKOe
BpeMA
HapsALy
C
TAKMMH
CJIOBAMH
PYCCKHii
ABIK
3aMMCTBYeT
Pas/H4HBIe
TEPMHHPI,
MOABMBIUHECA
B
CBASH
C
Pas3BUTHEM
HallWOHa/bHOTO
HCKyccTBa,
.MTepa-
TYPbl,
HayKH,
TexHuKn.
Hanpumep,
yyenbie
ApMenuu
cosas
HOBBIe
Hay4uble
Tep-
MHHBI:
HaMPHT,
TaHTVepoH,
CeBaHHT
HM
T..;
OHH
BOM
B
COCTaB
pyCCKOi
H
MEx-
AyHapOAHOH
TepMHHOJO HM
cooTBeTCTBYIOMNel
O6aCTH
3HaHHa.
Pyeckui
a3bIK
SaHMCTBY€T
HOBbIe
HeOOXOAMMbIe
c euMduyecKHe
HayyHBIe
HW
TeXHMYecKHe
TePMHHBI,
CO3MaHHble
yueHbimn
Ykpaunpl,
Be opyccun,
AsepOalimxaua,
[pysuu,
JIMTBbI
M
Apy ax
pecny6auK.
Bce
970
nokasbiBae ,
¥TO
pyCcKHil
A3bIK,
10
MeTKoMy
ompeyesenu o
A.
C.
Myui-
kuna
(Ilo.
co6p.
cou.
B
16-TH
Tomax,
1949)
—
»@PeHMUMBBI
H
OOMLEXKUTEVIb-
bili
B
CBOHX
OTHOIICHHAX
K
Uy2KUM
A3bIKaM“.
C pemsenHe
cope ckHx
J10jei
B
coBepilenc se
oBsajeTb
PYCCKHM
S3bIKOM
OGY
COBH
06bCKTHBHEIMU
3aKOHOMepHOCTAMH
PasBATHA
coBeTCKO O
ObulecTBa
H
OTBeYaeT
MKHSHEHHOH
MOTpeOuOCTH
BCeX
HaposoB
Hallie
c paubl.
CBobo,HOe
BulajeHue
PYCCKHM
#3bIKOM
TOMO aeT
HepyCcKOMY
HaCe leHHIO
ycmellHo
pelllaTs
12
BOMPOChI
CpeWHe o
H
BEICIe o
OOpas0BaKUA,
OOULECTBEHHO-NOJHTHYECKOH,
IKOHO-
MHYeCKOH,
HAYYHON
H
KYJIbTYpHOli
2%usHH
CTpaHEI.
CaM
OObEKTHBHBIM
XOX
pas-
BUTH#
COBETCKOTO
OOMIECTBA
BHISBas
K
XAU3HM
POCT
ABYASBIUHA,
Kak
mpaBH0,
9TO
CBOGOHOE
BilaleHe
HapARy
C
POAHBIM
A3BIKOM
TakKKe
PYCCKHM,
KaK
A3KIKOM
M@KHALMOHAaTbHOTO
OOmenuAa‘
(,,[
Tpapga“,
1971,
16
ion).
OcHosHbiM
THnoM
AByAsbINA
B
CCCP
aBise ca
IBYASbIMHE
C
PyCCKAM
A3bIKOM
B
(pyHKuMM
OOlle o
A3bIKa
HapojoB
Haluel
c panb.
Poc
aByAsEI4HA
OTBeYAeT
uHTepecam
Bcex
Hapoyos
CCCP,
on
aBaseTcA
OAHMM
H3
BHIPaAKenui
TeMoKpaTH-
4eCKOi
MPHpOAbI
CoBeTCKOH
HallMOHadbHOli
nowMTAKH
(Ba pamos
9.
A.,
1971).
B
ycaoBuax
speso o
couma ucTHyecKo o
o6ujecTBa
pyccKHi
A3BIK
u paeT
TaBHY!O
POlb
HE
TOJIBKO
BO
B3aHMOJelCTBHH
MH
B3aMMOOOOFALeHHH
SA3bIKOB
H
KyJIbTyp,
HO
H
B
MOBCeMeCTHOM
pacnpoc TpaHeHHH
eAMHON
CoBeTCKOM
comMamHC-
THYCCKOH
KYJbTYpbI
KaK
B
Mpouecce
NOBceTHEBHOTO
B3aiMOOOO AallleHHA
HapoOB
CCCP,
Tak
4
yepe3
meyaTHple
n3qanua.
PasBuTHe
HallMOHaIbHEIX
JIMTepaTyp
HW
UCKYCCTBa
Ha
MJaJIONMCbMeHHBIX
A3bI-
Kax
Hapogos
CCCP
u
Ha
pyccKoM
ssbIKe
co3qa 0
6aa onpuaTHpie
yculoBHsa
ANA
UCNOAbSOBAHUA
MapasHHTBACTHYeCKHX
cpexcTB
(qHana3soH
MoxyasIWMM
o-
Joca,
HalMOHaIbHaa
CHelMpuKa
MposBeHHA
CTeMeHH
TpOMKOCTH,
XapakTepa
Nay3,
OKpackH
peu,
BbIpa Kaloulel
Te
HJIM
HHbIe
IKCIPeCCHBHO-3IMOLMOHAAbHbIe
cBOHCTBa
H
T..),
PU Yp
peyH,
NPHAalOWMX
BbICKAaSbIBAHHIO
B
Mpo ecce
oOuIe-
HUA
XapakTep
HPOHHH,
Mapoyun
u
T.n.
B
ycoBuAx
pasBuTHA
3peno o
colMa ucTHYecKO O
OOUleCTBa
HHTeHCHBHO
PasBepTHIBalOTCA
MpOuecchl
(OpMHpPOBaHAA
HOBOFO
THMa
OOUeHHA
MEXKy
coGoli
He
TOMbKO
MpeAcTaBUTe/ei
OJHOTO
H
TOTO
2Ke
Haposla,
HO
M
MexKHALMOHaAbHO O
ooujenua.
Bonbiioe
Hay4Hoe
H
mpakTwyeckoe
3Ha eHHe
HMeeT
co3jaHHe
obuleli
CHHXPOHHOH
HM
MepcieKTHBHOH
MogeqH
9TO O
HOBOTO
THMa
OOuleHHA,
a
TakKxKe
€e
MeCTHBIX
BapHaHTOB,
BIMTABLINX
B
CeOA
3/IEMeHTHI
MECTHOM
Hal HOHaIbHO-kyJIb-
TypHoH
c eunduKku.
Tlepeq
cou ozo amu,
¢busococbamn,
con oasHH Buc amn,
ICHXOJMHTBHCTAMH,
Mpe CTAaBHTe/IAMH
Mea o Myeckol
HAYKU
CTOUT
aKTYasbHad
3a aia
CO3aHHA
TaKHX
MOJeJeH
HOBOTO
THMa
OOIIEHHA,
OTBeYaIOIMX
We.AM
Aabueliiwe o
pasBUTHA
HOBOH
HCTOpHYecKOH
OOHOCTH
OZeil
—
copeTcKo o
Hapoga.
B
mpouecce
yHKUHOHHpoBaHMA
9THX
MojeJeli
HallHoHaabHO-pyccKoe
ABYASHIMMe
MPH3BaHO
CbI paTh
BaXKHYIO
POJIb.
Kacascbh
Bompoca
06
uccileqoBaHMM
3aKOHOMepHoc ell
dyHKuMOHMpoBaHus,
PasBHTHA
H
B3aHMOJCHCTBHA
ASbIKOB
B
CBA8H
C
PaSBHTHEM
H
COWKeHHeM
colMa-
SIMCTHYeCKHX
Halli,
HaposHoc eli
H
HX
KYJbTYP,
OFpaHW4YHMcaA
MOMBITKO:
B
CATO
(OpMe
OXapakTepHSOBaTh
MpOOeMATHKY
U
UCCAeLOBaHHA
COBeTCKHX
COUHOJHHIBACTOB,
CBASAHHbIe
C
PasBHTHeM
UM
COJIMKeHHeEM
colMadUcTHYeCKHX
Halli,
HapogHoc eli
u
ux
KyJibTyp.
IIpH
3ToM
uMeloTca
B
BUY
npeumymiecTBeH-
HO
COUMOJIMHTBACTHYECKHE
HM
KOMIVICKCHbIe
HCCIeOBAHHA,
OCYIIeCTBAeHHbIe
3a
nepuog
c
1967
no
1977
.
Tlo6eze
Beanxo o
OxTs6ps,
ujeo0 MM
MapKcH3Ma-leHMH3Ma
HayKa
OOs-
3aHa
NOABJICHHEM
pa
HOBbIX
OOMacTeH,
IPOG/eM
AMHTBACTHKH:
AS3bIKOBOe
CTPOH
-
TEJIBCTBO,
MJaJONMCbMeHHbIe
ASbIKH,
MOBBIIMeHHE
POJIM
HallMOHaJbHbIX
A3bIKOB
B
XKHSHH
HX
HOCHTeJeH,
IpakTHYeCKas
PeaJlH3allHA
He
K/laCcHKOB
MapKCH3Ma-
JICHHHH3Ma
O
BOSpaCTaHHH
POM
CO3HATeABHOTO
BOSeHCTBHA
OOIeCTBa
Ha
ASHIK
NO
Mepe
jlaJIbHelille o
pa3BUTHA
OOUlecTBa,
OCOGeHHO
colMasucTHYecKO O
06-
ujecTBa.
B
1967
.
cBasn
c’50-ne uem
Beanxo o
Ox a6psa
o meyanuch
calenylouue
OCHOBHBI€
HaNpaBAeHHA
JMHTBUCTHYCCKHX
HCCe OBAaHHli
H
NOCTHTHYTHIC
B
9THX
HallpaBsleHHAX
pesybTaTH:
1)
BHYTPHCTPyKTypHoe
ucceTOBAaHHe
ABbIKOB
co-
BeTCKHX
H
3apyOexKHbIX
Hapo oB
( iaBHOe
UucceoBaHHe
—
MATHTOMHBIIi
TPYA
»A3bIKH
Hapo os
CCCP,
B
cosqaHHH
KOTOPoTO
OCHOBHYI0
po.1b
cbi pad
13
na
Hay4npiii
copeT
10
KOMNeKCHBIM
Mpo6 leMaM
,,3aKOHOMepHocTH
pasBHTHA
HalMOHaJIbHBIX
AS3bIKOB
B
CBASH
C
Pa3BHTHeM
COUHaJIHCTHYeCKHX
HallHi ");
2)
oG iee
AabIKOSHaHHe;
3)
CpaBHHTeIbHO-HCTOpHyecKoe
H
THMOO HYeCKOe
Hcc e-
OBaHHEe
A3bIKOB.
B
TO
BpeMA
MOXHO
ObIIO
TOBOPHTbh
TO/IbKO
O
Ha¥asIbHOM
93Tame
BOSPOAKEHHA
yXKe
Ha
HOBOM
YPOBHE
COMMAJIbHO-JIMHPBHCTHYeCKHX
HCCJ1eqOBaHHil.
[napus
o6pasom
Gaa ogxaps
yea eabHoc u
Haysuo o
cose a
10
KOMIIIeKc-
HOH
MpoO61eMaTHKe
,,3aKOHOMePHOCTH
pa3BHTHA
HallMOHa/IbHbIX
A3bIKOB
B
CBsA3H
C
PasBHTHEM
COWMAJIHCTHYeCKHX
Halu,
B
pa6oTe
KOTOpO o
aKTHBHO
yYacTByIOT
cbuslocodpl,
HCTOpHKH,
STHOFPadpbil,
AHTepaTypoBelbi,
MpexcTaBHTeAM
Mesa o-
THYeCKOH
HayKH,
B
JOBOMbHO
TPYAHbIX
YCIOBHAX
YAaOCcb
Op aHH30BaTb
HCC.Ie-
NOBAHNA
TO
HOBOMY
HaNpaBeHHiO
—
COLHaJIbHO-JHHTBUCTHYeCKOMY,
HMeIOLIEMy
IIpAMoe
OTHOIMeHHE
K
PasBHTHIO
HalHOHaJIbHbIX
OTHOUIeHHII.
Tlo
sTomy
HanpaBuleHHio
Ha Gouee
akKTYaTbHbIMH
B
MpakTHYeCKOM
H
TeopeTH-
4eCKOM
OTHOUICHHH
6bIH
MpH3HaHb!
CAeAyIoulHe
Mmpob.1eMbI:
1.
Tepsaa
mpo61ema
—
uccaezoBan e
3aKoHoMepHoc eli
dbyHkuHOHHpoBaHHs,
Pa3BHTHA
H
B3aMMOZeHCTBHA
SSbIKOB
B
COBeTCKOM
OOmIecTBe.
Ilo
sToH
npobweme
co3qaH
cbyHdaMenTambubiii
YeTHIPeXTOMHBIii
Tpy
,,3aKOHOMepHOCTH
pa3BHTHs
JMTepaTyPHbIX
A3bIKOB
Hapoyos
CCCP
B
cope cKyio
anoxy“,
npeac aBuBunii
BHepBbIe
B
HCTOPHH
COBETCKOTO
A3bIKOSHAHHA
JOBOIBHO
ACHYIO
KapTHHy
0
sI3BI-
KOBOii
2KH3HH
COBETCKOFO
OOIECTBa,
NOKAa3aBINIHii
€e
TOSATUBHYIO
H
TeHEBYIO
CTO-
poubl.
ITOT
TpyA
OTHOCHTCH
kK
YHCAY
UccAeZOBAHHH,
KOTOPHIe
NOMO aloT
oNpese-
JHTb
3a1a4H
B
OOMACTH
OCYILECTBCHHA
HallHOHaJIbHO-A3bIKOBOl
NOAHTHKY
HB
pellleHHH
MpakTHYeCKHX
BOMPOCOB
pasBHTHA
ASbIKOBOH
2KH3HH
COBeETCKOTO
ObIIe-
c sa.
[lo
ZaHHOH
mpo6.1eme
co3qaHbi
H
Apy ue
Tpy
Ab,
HanpuMep,
KHU a
K.
X.
Xa-
HasapoBa
,,PelleHHe
HalHOHaJIbHO-A3bIKOBOH
mpobembI
B
CCCP“
(M.,
1977),
M.
H.
Hcaesa
,,130
pasxonpasbix“
(0
s3p kax
Haponos
CCCP)
u
7.2.
2.
B opas
npo6ema
cBasaHa
¢
HaydHbiM
OGocHOBaHHeM
poH
HM
3Ha4eHHA
PYCCKO O
A3bIKa
KaK
CpeCTBa
M@KHAMOHAbHOTO
OOULeHHA
B
COBeTCKOM
06-
ujec Be.
B
yKa3aHHOM
KOJIJIEKTHBHOM
Tpye
6biI0
yeneHo
3Ha4uHTeIbHOe
BHH-
MaHHe
XapaKTePpHCTHKe
(yHKUHOHHPOBaHHA
PYCCKOTO
A3bIKa
B
HallHOHAJIbHBIX
pecny6aMkax,
pasBHTHA
HalMoHa bHO-pyccKo o
AByssBIMHA.
To
s oi
npobzeme
co3qaHbl
Tpy7bI
,,PasBUTHe
HallHOHaJIbHO-pyccKo o
yByssbuHA
(M.,
1976),
+l
]po61emb!
2B
ya3bluHA
M
MHO ossbMHA”,
Py
CcKHli
A3bIK
KaK
Cpe
ACTBO
M@xKHALLHO-
HaJIbHO O
OOujeHHA“,
,,PyccKHii
A3bIK:
E o
POL
B
PaSBATHH
H
YKpenseHHH
coBeTC-
ko o
OOllecTBa
H
MexKLyHapogHO o
coTpy
AHHYeCTBAa“
H
Ap.
3.
Tpe ba
npo61ema
—
B3aHMOOTHOUeHHe
PasBUTHA
ASKIKOB
HW
KYIbTYp,
ASbIKOBbIE
BOMPOCbI
B34MMOJelHCTBHA
H
B3aHMOOOO alleHHA
Hani,
HapozHOc Tel
H
HX
KYJbTYP,
Pa3BHTHA
OOLeCOBeTCKOH
COMMaTHCTHYeCKO
KyAbTypbI.
STH
BO-
NpOcbl
OCBeULeHbI
B
KHHTaX
,,Pa3BHTHe
A3ZLIKOB
H
KYJIbTYp
B
HX
B3aHMOCBA3H
M
B3aMMOLeHCTBAH,
,,B3aHMOOTHOLIeHHe
PasBHTHA
s3bIKa
H
KYJbTypbI
(B
ne-
yaTu),
,Ha wonaibHBii
a3bIK
H
HallHoHasbHaa
KyJb ypa“
(1978)
4
B
HeKOTO-
pbIx
Apy ux
pa6oTax.
4.
Ue sep aa
mpo6iema
—
pa3BuTHe
A3bIKOBOM
2KH3HH
COLMaTHCTHYeCKHX
CTpaH,
BOMPOCbI
A3bIKa
MeEXKTOCyNapcTBeHHOTO
COTpyAHMYeCTBa
colMamHcTHYeC-
KHX
CTpaH
B
YCJOBHAX
JadbHeHile o
y iyOneHHA
mpouecca
coumasmucTHyecKo
uu e paunn.
Ilo
anno
npoOseme
ony61ukoBan
pa
cTa ei
u
BegeTCH
pa6o a
NO
NOATOTOBKE
NOATOCpOYHOH
Mpo paMMbI
COBMECTHBIX
HCC/IeqOBaHH
MO
WeNe-
BoMy
Mpoek y
,,Hau oHadbuble
A3bIKH
B
YCIOBHAX
PasBUTOFO
COMMaUCTHYeCKO O
o6 lecTBa“.
5.
[a aa
npo6nema
—
Muposoii
HHTBHCcTHYecKHi
Mpouecc
H
TeHZeHIWHH
e o
pasBuTHa.
MapkcucTcKo-eHHHcKaad
Hyeono us,
poab
Cose cko o
Co1wsa
B
MMPOBOM
PaSBHTHH
OOASbIBAIOT
HAC
YJEMATL
CYMeCTBeEHHOe
BHHMaHHe
H
3TOII
14
npo6ieme.
Ony6ankoBaHbi
BaxkHbie
ucce oBanHA:
,,Hay4Ho-TexHnyeckad
peBo-
JNOUMA
H
(pyHKUHOHHpOBaHHe
s3pIKOB
Mupa“,
,,COMMOAMHTBHCTHYeCKHe
mpo6-
J€MbI
PasBHBaIOUHXCA
CTpaH",
,,PyCCKuii
A3bIK
B
COBpeMeHHOM
Mupe“
H
Apy e.
B
Hac Tosiilee
Bpemsa
pasBepTbiBae ca
paGoTa
Hall
TaKMMH
BaxKHBIMH
npo6.1e-
MaMH
Kak
mpo6.1ema
,,S13bIK
B
pa3BHTOM
COLMaHCTHYeCKOM
O6mlecTBe~
(HMeeTCH
B
BHJy
COBETCKOe
OO lecTBO),
,,HallHOHabHbIe
ASKIKH
B
YCOBHAX
pa3BHTOFO
Co-
WHaJIHCTHYECKOTO
OOlllecTBa“,
KOTOPbIe
CBAZAHbI
C
OCYUIECTBAeEHHEM
TaBHOH
3a-
au
—
CTPOHTebCTBa
KOMMYHH3Ma.
[TpoBegzeHbI
H
NPOBOAATCA
JOBOMbHO
3Ha-
4HTeNbHaA
KOOPAMHANMOHHaA
Hay4HO-op anusallMOHHad
HM
Hay4HO-HCC/e]OBa-
TedbcKad
paGoTbi.
K
co kasleHuio,
NaleKO
He
BCe
BO3MOAKHOCTH
UCHOMbsyIOTCH
B
9T0H
paGo e.
MbI
cTapaeMcs
JIMKBHAMpPOBaTb
HEOCTATKH,
CO¥eTaTh
HayYHO-HC-
CAeOBATebCKYIO
H
HAYYHO-Op aHHsalHOHHY!O
JeATebHOCTA
C
NMOATOTOBKOIi
Hay4HO-MpakTHYeCKHX
PeKOMeH
JallHi .
Xo es0ch
Obi
BbIPASHTb
SoMbIyIO
Gla oxapHOCTb
BCeM
TOBapHULaM,
KOTOpbIe
COTPyAHHYaIOT
C
HaMH
H
OKa3bIBalOT
NOMOIIb,
MPHBJeKaloT
Hac
K
paspa6oTKe
KOMIVI€KCHBIX
MIPO6MeM,
NOAAepxKHBaIOT
Halll
MCCJeAOBaHHA
H
Hay4HBIe
o0-
2KeHHA
B
CBOHX
Tpy ax.
Hoxnag
JI.
HW.
Bpexnesa
o
60-ae uu
Beanko o
Ox s6pa,
MaTepHa ib
Cop-
MeCcTHOTO
loOuJleiHo o
3aceqaHua
L{K
KIICC,
Bepxosno o
Cose a
CCCP
u
Bep-
xoBpHo o
Cope a
PC®CP
x
apy ue
Ma epuasbl,
CBA3aHHBIe
C
NO_Be_eHHeEM
HTO-
TOB
pa3BHTHA
COBeTCKOFO
OOuIecTBa
3a
60
eT
HM
ONpeeneHHeM
aaBHbIX
3ana4y
B
OO/1ACTH
JaJIbHelile o
pa3sBUTHA
3peso o
COuMaUcTHYECKO O
ObulecTBa,
M0-
CilyKaT
A
HaC
HOBbIM
CTHMYJIOM
H
KOMMaCOM
B
YCMelIHOM
pa3BepTbIBaHHi
HayYHbIX
HCCTeqOBaHHi
—
HallleM
CKPOMHOM
BKJaye
B
Je10
KOMMYHUCTHYECKO O
CTPOHTe/IbCTBa.
Ojua
W3
BakHbIX
3a a4
COUMOMMHTBHCTOB
—
pa3pa6o Ka
o6uleli
Teopun
coun-
aJbHOM
JMHTBHCTHKH.
Kak
H3BeCTHO,
B
TpyaX
KJlaCCHKOB
MapKCH3Ma-JIeHHHHS-
Ma
ObIJla
HAY4HO
NocTaBseHa,
OOOCHOBaHa
H
pellieHa
C
NOSHULMii
AHaeKTHYeCKOTO
Hi
HCTOPHYecKO O
MaTepHaH3Ma
MpoGeMa
COMMaIbHOH
OOyCOBAeHHOCTH
sagbIKa
H
3aKOHOMepHOcTeH
e o
HCTOpHYecko o
pasBuTHA.
CopeTckhe
A3bIKOBeUbI
CTAIH
MPOABIATS
3HAYHTEMbHDI
HHTeEpec
K
COUNabHO-
JIMHTBACTHYCCKHM
Mpo6JieMaM
euje
B
20—30-x
ogax
(Mapp
H.
A.,
Meujananos
MY.
M.,
Buxo pajos
B.
B.,
)Kupmyxckuii
B.
M.,
Monupanos
E.
JI.,
lop
P.
O.,
Axopnes
H.
O.,
AkyOuncknii
E.
JI.
u
gp.).
B
To
Bpems
6bNH
JOCTHTHYTI
CYMECTBEHHBIe
PesyJIbTATI
B
PellleHHU
OTIeWb-
HbIX
BOMPOCOB,
OCOHEHHO
CBASAHHbIX
C
ASbIKOBbIM
CTpouTeEcTBOM.
B
40—50-x
TOaX
B
paspa6oTke
COMMOJHHTBUCTHYeCKHX
MpoOseM
yyacTBoBaau
O.
C.
AxMa-
nopa,
M1.
K.
Benogea,
P.
A.
Byga os,
B. B.
Buno pazos,
B.
M.
DKupmyxc ui ,
®.
Tl.
Ousun,
A.
C.
Unxo6aBa
u
2p.
Oquako
B
TO
BpeMs
He
Obla
co3ylaHa
HU
oylHa
WeNbHa
TeopeTHyecKand
KOHLENUHA
COUMaIbHOH
AMHTBUCTHKH.
Bo
B opoii
nowoBnie
50-x
ogos
8B
CCCP
ycuupae es
unTepec
kK
couMOmHHTBHC-
THYECKHM
Mpo6/leMaM,
K
BOMPOCaM
IaHMPOBaHHA
H
MPOTHOSHPOBaHHA
A3bIKOBOTO
paspuTHa
B
Cope cKom
Cowse
(,,PasBuTHe
MaajOnHcbMeHHEIX
A3bIKOB“,
1958;
»MaanonucbMenuble
a3biki“,
1959
u
zp.).
B
nayau e
60-x
ogos
B
CILIA
npegnpuxuma o cs
mepp
no
wHHHH
op aHH3alHn
COMMOAMHTBUCTHYECKHX
HCCJeJOBaHHi.
BHOBb
NOBBICHJICA
HHTepec
K
3THM
TIpO-
61emam
Bo
Mpanunu,
An anu,
M anuu,
Anonnn.
PaspepTpiBaloTCa
COMMOJHHTBHCTHYECKHE
HCCEJOBAHHA
B
COUMAAHCTHUeCKHX
cTpaHax
Boc ouxoi
Esponsi
(8
TYP,
Yexocaosaknn,
Pympimun,
Beu puu,
Bow-
apun,
Toabme,
O ocaapun).
Bosuuk
un epec
K
3THM
mpo6.leMaM
H
B
pasBuBa-
}OUMXCA
CTpaHax.
Ojuako
o6ulaa
Teopus
couMaNbHOM
AHHTBACTHKH
elle
He
6bl ia
cosjjana.
15