Современное состояние социолингвистики в СССР и актуальные проблемы развития языковой жизни советского общества

SOCIALINĖS LINGVISTIKOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XIX (1979) IOnyc JleneprenBauų JIENIEPHEB COBPEMEHHOE COCTOS1HHE COLIMOJIMHIBUCTUKH B CCCP H AKTYAJIbHbIE MPOBJIEMbI PA3BUTHS 13bIKOBOW )KXH3HH COBETCKOI'O OBILECTBA 3a nocjiejinne Ba aecsitHaerHst B CoBerckoM Corse OTHOCHTEJIbHO LIHPOKHIA pasmax NPHHSAJIH COLHOJHHIBHCTHYECKHEe HccaejoBanusi. OkHH CBs3aHbl Npexje BCEro C M3yuyeHHeM 3aKOHOMePHOCTeH (YHKUHMOHUPOBAHMS, PA3BHTHS H B3aHMO- AeiictBus si3pikoB HapojoB CCCP, c paspaGoTkoit npoč/ieMbi pPyCCKOTO si3blKa KaK si3blKa MeXHallHOHAJbHOTO OČINEHHS H KaK OJHOTO H3 MHDOBbIX SI3BIKOB, C HCCJIe/IOBAaHHEM COLMOJIMHIBHCTHYECKUX TIDpOOJIEM pa3BHBAIONHXCHA CTPAH H MHPO- BOTO JIHHTBHCTHYECKOTO (A3bIKOBOIO) rpoilecca, a TaKXKE C NONbITKAMH CO3JaHHs ofliel TeOPHH COUHAJIBHOH JIHHTBHCTHKH. BriepBbie B HCTOPHH COBETCKOTO SI3BIKO3HAHMSI CO3JlaHbl CEKTOPBI COLHAJIbHOR JIKHTBHCTHKH B HHcrHTyTe a3bikosnannss AH CCCP, B HucrnryTe BocToKoBejite- Hus AH CCCP, connuojiuHTrBHcTHUeCKHe HCCJ€JOBaHMsi BenyTcs B HHeTHTYyTe pycckoro ssbika AH CCCP, B MOCKOBCKOM rocyjjapecTBeHHOM YHHBepCHTETĖ, B MuctutyTte um. A. C. Ilymkuna, B Jlenunrpaackom otjiesienun HHerHTyTa 51361- Ko3HaKHn AH CCCP. Baxuasi pabota no M3yueHHIO COLMOJHHTBHCTHYECKHX IpOOJIEM MPOBOJNT- csi B psijie COP3HbIX pecny6auk. OcoGeHHO caeayeT OTMETHTb CONHOJIHHTBHCTH- YECKHe HCCJIe/ĮOBAHHA, OCVIIeCTBJi5eMbIe B YKpautckoii CCP moja pyKOBOJICTBOM akagemuka H. K. Benonena. 3a nocaejHue rojibl 3HaUHTEIbHOE BHHMAHHE YVJIEJISETCS OpraHH3alIHH CONHO- JIHHTBHCTHYeCKHX HCCJIe/joBaHHH B JIntoBckoi CCP. [No uxHunaTHBe JiKpeKTOpa HucturyTta antosckoro sidpika H antepatypbl AH JIutCCP akajnemuka AH JTutCCP K. II. Kopcakaca npoBoauTcst GoJibliasi paboTa IO NOJATOTOBKE KaJpPOB MOJIOJIbIX conHOJiHHTBHCTOB. B HnernryTe siasikoskanus AH CCCP okonuna acnupantypy u npeacrasug auccepraunio SI. C. TpudonoBac, Haj KaHjHjiaTCKHMH JHCCEPTa- UHAMH ycnewHo paboraiot ctaxepsl JI. pymanene, IO. Kapaneioc, H. Maprene. B HHCTHTYTE co3jiaHa rpynna no COLHOJIHHTBHCTHKE MOJ PYKOBOACTBOM Kam]. dua. nayk C. C. Kapanionaca. Dra rpynna npunsjta Haubojee aKTHBHOE y4acTHE B MOITOTOBKE H YCNELIHOM OpOBEJIEHHH KoHbepeniiuH „COnnoJiHHTBHCTHKA H JIHTOB- CKHŪ s35IK“ (21—22 dGeBpass 1978 r.). 3aBejiytolijuė ceKTOpoM HHcerHuTyTa JIKTOBCKOTO Si3bIKA H JIMTEPaTyPhl UJI.-KOD. AH JlurCCP K. M. YabBHJac NPHHAMAET aKTHBHOE ygacrne B HayuHO-OpraHH- 3a1HOHHbIX MEPONPUSITHSIX NO COHHOJIHHTBHCTHKE. HncrnuTyT JIKTOBCKOTO sidbika H JiATepaTypbi AH JluroBekxon CCP ora3kiBaeT 3HA4HTEJILHYIO MOMOIb KaHA. OHJI. HAYK VUeHOMY CeKperapio Hayunoro coBera M0 KOMILJIEKCHOH npoOJIeMe „ŠaKOHOMepHOCTH pa3BHTHS HAUlHOHAJIbHbIX S3bIKOB B CBSI3H C pa3BHTHeM CONHAJIHCTHUECKHX HAMM“ NpH OT/eJIEHHH JIHTepaTypbl H s3bika AH CCCP B. IO. Muxaabuenko. Ona siBasiercsi aBTopoM pasjena „Pas- BHTHE JIHTOBCKO-PYCCKOTO JIBYf3bYHA“ B KOJJEKTHBHOM Tpyjle „Pa3BHTHe Ha- IIHOHAJIBHO-PyCCKOTo ABYsi3bus“ (M., 1976), pases nanucan Ha 0OCHOBE KOHKPET- HbIX COLUHOJIHHTBHCTHUECKHX HCCJEJIOBAHUM, NPOBEAEHHBIX B JluTBe. B. IO. Muxajibuekko NpHHHMaeT aKTHBHOE yyacTHe B H3YUEHHH SI3BIKOBOM xku3uu JIuroBckoit CCP. ConHoJIHHTBHCTHUeCKHe HCCJIe/(0BaHHSA BejįyTCSi H B JPYTHX pecnyOJIKKaX. Crenyer OTMEeTHTb pa3pabOTKy COLHOJIHHTBHCTHUeCcKHX NpoOJieM B Kasaxckod, MormnjaBekoi, Benopycekoh, A3ep6alžijpkanckoh H B HEKOTOPBIX JPYTHX COIO3- HBIX, ABTOHOMHEIX pecriyOJIHKAX H obJjactax. Boripocki COLHAJIbHOH JHHTBHCTHKH pa3pabaTeiBAlOTCA B psJIe VHHBepCHTETOB H NejarOoTHUeCKHX HHCTHTYTOB (HAIDH- Mep, B CapaToBCKOM TOCYJapCTBEHHOM yHHBepcHTeTe MOJ pyKOBOJĮCTBOM npod). JI. H. BapanuukoBoit, B IleH3eHCKOM NEAHHCTHTYTE HOA PYKOBOACTBOM npod. B. JĮ. BoujiasierToBa) H T. jį. VuursiBasi OrPOMHOE NPAKTHYECKOE H TEOPEeTHYECKOe 3HaYeHHe COHHOJIHHTBHC- THYECKHX HCCJe0BaHui, HeOOXOJĮHMO YCHJIHTb BHHMAHHe K HUM. Takue ucc/eno- BaHHS JĮOJIXKHbI ObITb Op TaHH3OBaHbI BO BCX HayYHO-JTHHTBHCTHYECKHX YUpexK/Ie- HHSX H By3aX CTpaHbl. YCHJIEHHEe BHHMAHHSA K pa3paboTKe NpoOJIEMbI pyCCKOTO S3bIKA KaK S5135IKA Me*KHAILHOHAJIbHOTO OOINH<HEHHA, KaK OJIHOTO H3 MHDOBbIX S3LIKOB, CO3]ĮaHHe CTPYKTYPHbIX HHH] B OHJIOJIOTHUECKHX VUPpEXKJIEHHAX aKaJeMHil HayK COIO3HbIX DpeCcIIyOJIHK (duauasoB) OyAyT CHOCOOCTBOBATH JįiaJibHeHIneMy pa3- BEPTHIBAHHIO CONHOJIHHTBHCTHYUECKHX HCCJIEJ[OBAHHH. ConunuajibHo 00YC10B/i1eHHasfi TEeHeHilHSi CBOOOJHOTO (DYHKUMOHHPOBAHUSI H pa3BHTHS JIMTEPATYPHLIX SI3bIKOB O6mnen3BecrHo, turo KommyHnuctuueckas naptusi CoBerckoro Coio3a Bcerja POBOJHJIA H MIPOBOJUT B JKU3Hb JIEHHHCKYIO HALHOHAJIbHYIO NOJHTHKY, NOJIHTHKY GecrnpensaTCTBEHHOrO pa3BHTHA Halli, HAPDOJAHOCTEH, HX KYyJIbTYp H CBOOOJHOTO (YHKIHOHHPOBAHHS HX A3bIKOB. BoripekH yTBep:KIAEeHHSIM COBETOJIOTOB, (DAJIbCH- OHKATODPOB BEIAAIOUIUX CSA JOCTHKEHHH cTpaHbl COBETOB, OO ACCHMHJISAUHH S3LIKOB H KyabTyp HapojoB CCCP, Jin TepaTYypHbIE A3bIKH COBETCKHX HADpOJIOB paHee HHKOT Ia He ĮIJOCTHT'aJIH TAKOTO BEICOKOTO YPOBHS CBOETO Pa3BHTHS, Ha KAKOM OHH HaXOAATCA B HacTosillee BpeMsi. ITO MOATBEPKAAeTCS HEONPOBEPKUMBIMH (haKTaMH. PacceMoTpHM JIHINIb HeKOTODpbIe U3 3THX (aktoB. Tak, B 1914/15 yueGHOM ro- Ay Ha YKpauHe He OblJIO HH OJHOH Ja)Ke Hauya/JbHOH CBETCKOH LIKOJIBI C 06 yUeHHEM Ha yKpauHCKoM s3bike („Conia/ricriuna Yrpaina““, c. 237). Ilocsie nobeas: Berrn- Koro OKTa6psa ofyueHHe YKPauHCKHX JeTeH cpa3y Ke GblJIO NnepeBejieHO Ha POAHOM si3bIK. Ene K 50-Jiernio CoBerckoii Bact — B 1967/68 yue6Hom rogy — B 1 —4-x kjaccax mkoa ¥Y CCP obyuaauch 6osee 3420 Thic. yesoBeK, B TOM YHCJIE Ha YKpa- HHCKOM s3bike — GoJiee 2093 Tebic., B 5—8-X KJaaccax — Gojee 1997 Tic. H B 9—10-x KJraccax — colle 514 ThiC. A B 1914/15 yueGHoM rosy Ha YKpauHe QYHKIHOHHPOBAJIO 27 BbICINHX VUEOHbIX 3aBejleHH i, B HHX obyuaJsioch 35 204 yestoBeka. Hu B oiHOM H3 3aBejieHHH yKpauHc- KHH 53bIK B KaueCTBe f3blKa OOyueHHA He npuMensics. CoBepilieHHO HHasi Kap THHA Habmojanace B Ykpauuckoit CCP B 1974/75 yueGHOoM roay: aeiicTBoBaJjo 142 BBICILIMX y4YeOHbIX 3aBe/leHUs, B KOTOPbIX 3aHHMAJIHCb 818 Thic. CTy/AeHTOB; 00y- yeHHe OCYILUECTBJ/AJOCh Ha YKPAaMHCKOM H PYCCKOM sI3bIKaxX, IMO >KeJIAHHIO yua- HAXCH. C nepBhIX Ke jAHeit ycrtaHoBJeHHsI CoBeTcKo# BjacTd B JIuTBe OGblIH MpPH- HATH MEDbI JIS IIOBbILIEHHA DOJIH JHTOBCKOTO f3bIKa B OOLIECTBEHHO- [OJIHTH- YECKOH H KYJbTYPHOH JKH3HH JUTOBCKOTO Hapoja. CoBeTckasi BJacThb Obljia Mpo- BosrJauesa B JlurBe 16 nekabps 1918 r. Ve „13 mapra 1919 roxa 6bi1 usjpau JIEKPET O CO3JlJaHMH YHHBEpPCHTeTa B MOMelleHusX 3aKpbITOTO B 1832 roay uapc- KHM IIpaBHTe/IbCTBOM BHibHIOCCKoro yHHBepceHTeTa“ („Hapojinoe obpasoBanue”, c. 430). Kak usBecTHo, ,,04eHb LIMPOKO pa3BepHYBIIASACS AeATeNbHOCTh IIO CO3/Ia- HHIO HOBOH, COBETCKOH CHCTeMbl oOpa3oBaHHs Obljia NpepBaHa Mey HapoAHOH 8 KOHTppeBOJII0ILKHeK, KoTOpas B 1919 rojiy nozgaBujia CosercKyio BJracTb B JiurBe“ (Tam xe, c. 430). B 1939/40 yue6HOM roay, T.e. K KOHIly rocmnojcrtBa Gypxya3HH B JIutBe, »CTY/IEHTOB BO BCEX BbICINHX YyueOHbIX 3aBejleHUsX ObIJIO Bcero 3,5 ThIC. UeJIOBeK““ (Tam xe, c. 431). ; Mexny Tem B 1974/75 yue6nom roay B JIutoBckoir CCP dyHKUHOHHPOBAJIO 12 BbiciIHX y4eOHbIX 3aBelieHHH, B HHX HacuuThiBasoch 60,8 ThIC. CTYIEHTOB. B pecny6anKe JedCTBOBa/O 3 ThIC. 001e00pa30BaTENbHbIX INKOJI, B HHX 3aHHMA- Joch 629 Tbic. yuamuxces; 78 cpeflHUX CNenHAJIbHbIX y4eOHBIX 3aBeleHHi, B HHX obydasiock 67,7 Thic. yuammuxes (,Exerommuk...¢, c. 102-103). B By3ax, yun- JIHIIAX H NIKOJIAX Pa3HbIX THIIOB OOyueHHe BeJeTCsl TJIABHbIM OOpa3OM Ha JIHTOBC- KOM S13biKe. B HayuHO-HCCJ/JIeJĮOBATEJIbCKOH padoTe TaKXKe LIHPOKO IIDHMEHSeTCS JUTOBCKHH S53bIK. Bce 3TO B cOBeTCKyi0 3MOXy CIIOCOOGCTBOBAJIO HeObIBaJIOMY OYVKKIMOHAJIbHOMŲ H BHYTPHCTPYKTYPHOMY pa3BHTHIO JIATOBCKOTO A3BIKA. Ipysust — pecnyOJiuka ĮpeBHel KyJIibTYDpbI. HTeM He MeHee, KaK OTMEUSETCA B KHHTe „Hapojinoe ob6pasoBanue”, nocesiniennoi 50-Jjiernio Bejiukoro OkTa6pa, „JO ycraHoB/ieHust CoBeTCKOH BJ/IAaCTH GOJIbINHHCTBO HAaceJIEHHS peCcIyOJIHKH ČbIJIO JIKHINEHO BO3MOXKHOCTH INOJIVYUKHTb Jae Ha4aJIbHOe CBeTCKoe 00pa3oBaHHeE. CoTHH ThICAY B3poCJIbIX He 3HaJiH rpaMoTEi“ („HapojiKoe o6pasoBanne“, c. 401). B 1921 r. B IT py3uu GObura nocraBjteka 3ajįaua riepeBojja OOyueHHS B Hadalib- HbIX LUKOJIAX Ha pOJIHbIe SA3bIKH — TPY3UHCKHH, apMsHCKHH, asepOaii/zKaHCKHI, abxa3cKuil, OCeTHHCKHH. JTa 3ajjaya ycreluHo peieHa. BypHo pa3BuBanach obiie- obpasoBaTe/ibHas HalHOHaJ/bHas Kosa B [pysun. K 1965/66 yueGHoMy roay B pecnyoOJ/HKe HacUHTbIBAJIOCb Bcero 2959 rpy3uHcKux, 287 pycckux, 242 ap MSHCKHX, 162 asep6aiiukanckux, 39 abxasckux, 194 oceTHHCKUX H 372 CMellaHHbIE INKOJIBI. Takum o6pasom, B I'pysunckoit CCP B 3596 mkgojtax pyCCKHil SI3BIK He SIBJSICS S3bIKOM OOYyueHHA, OH M3yyaJ/icsi Kak npeamer. Jub B 287 1IKoJIax OH BBbINMOJIHAJI (YHKUHH A3bIKa 00 y4eHHs. Ecau jo pesostionun B I'pysuu He ObiJIiO HH OJIHOM cpejiHeil 0611eo6pa3oBaTeihb- HOH LIKOJIBI C OOVUEeHHEM Ha TP Y3HHCKOM fi3biKe, TO K 50-JieTHIo CoBeTCKOi BJIaCTH B I'pysunckoit CCP ¢ynkiHoHHpoBaao 2959 1IKoJI ¢ OOy4eHHEM Ha I'DY3HHCKOM aspike. Tak, B 1967/68 yue6noM romy amas 312 794 yuammuxcsa 5—10-x Kiaaccos ASBLIKOM OOyY€HHS SBJISJICS TDY3HHCKHĖ. Kak BHAHO H8 TNpHBEJEHHBIX JĮAHHBIX, IIOCJIe mnobeasl Bemikoro OkTra6pa IIpOHB3OINNIJIH KOPEHHbIE H3MEHEHHSI B COLMAJBHBIX YCJIOBHAX (DVYHKUHOHHDOBAHHA SI3bIKOB, B pa3BHTHH UX oOllecTBeHHbIX (yHKuui. Cdeprl mpuMeHeHHs JTUTEpaTyp- HbIX $I3BIKOB DACUIMPHJIHCH [0 HeObIBAJIbIX MacUITaboB. CounanbHO OGYyCJIOBJIEHHASI TEHJEHUUS] LIKDpOKOTO IPHMEHEHUS HAUHOHAIbHO-PYCCKOTO JIBYSI3BI4HSA Kak n3BectHo, B CoBerckoM Coto3e YHKUHOHHP YIOT pa3HbIe THIIbI IBY A3bIYHS. BaxuefiluiMu THINAMH JABYsA3bMUs, Hanpumep, B JlutoBckoit CCP sBasiorcs JIHTOBCKO-PYCCKOE H pyCCKO-JIHTOBCKOe; B Asepbaiikanckoit CCP — asep- Gail XKaHCKO-PyCCKoe, PYyCCKO-a3epbaiizKaHCKoe, apMsiHCKO-PYCCKOE, apMSIHCKO- asepbaiixKaHcKoe, asepbaiizKaHCKo-apmsitckoe; B Tamkukckoit CCP — TaĮIXKHKC- KO-PYCCKO€, DPYCCKO-TaJKHKCKOE, Y30eKCKO-pyCCKOe, Y36eKCKO-TaKHKCKOE, TaJUKHKCKO-y36eKckoe H T.A. Takum o06pasoM, Bo Bcex pecnyO/HKax Mpe- CTaBJIEHO HAIHOHAJBLHO-PYCCKOE JĮBYs5i3biuKHe KaK TIVIaBHbIH, OCHOBHOH THI JIBY- A3bIYHST, MOCPEJCTBOM KOTOPOTO OCYILECTBJISETCS OOINEHHE MEXJIY BCEMH Hapo- namu CCCP, KyJibTYpHbIK B3auMooGMeH. Bee ocTasibHble THLE ABYASBYHA HMEIOT 9 MecTHOC, JOKaJbHOe BHaueHHe. HaripuMep, Ta/6KHKCKO-pyCCKO6 JĮiByn3bIuKe He- BO3MOKHO B IITHDOKHX COIHAJIbHBIX HEJIAX NpHMeHATb B JlurBe, I 'py3HH H apyrux pecnyO/iHKaX, B KOTODbIX O4€Hb MAJIO TaJ2KHKOB H BOOČIIle JIJOJIEK, BJIAJIEIONHX TaJLKHKCKHM A3BIKOM. To >»ke camoe cJiejįtyeT CKa3aTb O BO3MOXKHOCTH IIDHMEHeHHS B IIMPOKHX COLHAJbHBIX NMEJISX JHTOBCKO-PYCCKOTO ĮBYA3bIuKS B TypKMeHHH, Jlarectane H T.A. (NOCKOJIbKY TaM KHBET MAJIO JIHTOBLEB). Koneuno, Halo YVJIEJIATb COOTBETCTBYIONLIE6e BHHMAHHe pyCCKO-JIHTOBCKOMY H JAPYTHM THIaM ĮBys350Hs. Hanpnmsep, BaXKHO NOMOYb PYCCKHM H NpejicTaBHTe- JAM JIPYTHX HapoJOB, NOCTOSIHHO XXHBYLIMM B JIHTBe, B OBJiaJleHHH JHTOBCKHM SI3BIKOM, JIHTOBCKO-PYCCKHM JBYSI3bIYHEM. YuuThIBasi TO OOCTOSITE/ILCTBO, YTO TJIAaBHbIM H HAHOOJICEe BaXKHLIM THIIOM JIBY- s3bruH5 B CCCP siBasieTcst HalMOHAMbHO-PYCCKOe JBYSI3blYHE, OCTAHOBHMCS IIpe- HMYLIECTBEHHO Ha BOINPOCAX, CBSI3aHHLIX C eTO Pa3BHTHEM. CounajibHO 06YCJIOB/IEHHAS TEHJIEHLHS LIHPOKOTO NMPUMEHeHHsI HalHOHAJIbHO- DPYCCKOTO ABVSi3bi4Hs B COIO3HBIX, AaBTOHOMHBIX pecny6JiHKax, 06,1acTaX H OKpY- rax npHBeJIa K TOMY, YTO B HacTOsiliiee BPeMsi KaK HHKOTI/la BO3pocJia poJib pyc- CKoro fi3bIKA B >kH3HH HapoioB CCCP, B popMHpOBaHHH H pa3BHTHH 3peJIOro COLH- aJHCTHYECKOTO obllecTBa. TakHM oO0pasoM, HaUMOHAJbHbIE f3bIKH H PYCCKHH I3bIK KaK SI3bIK MEXKHAUHOHAJIBHOTO OČOINEHHS JONOJIHAIOT APY Apyra B COBMECT- HOH JKH3HH H ĮĮESITEJIbHOCTH COBETCKHX JIIO/IeH B VCJIOBHSX pa3BHTOTO COLHATH3MA. Bee 310 00yC/10BIHBAET XKU3HEHH VIO HEOOXOAHMOCTE B pa3BHTHH H NOBCEMECTHOM pacnpocTpaHeHHH HAUHOHAJIBHO-PYCCKOTO JBYS3bIYHSA BO BCeX COIO3HbIX, aBTOHOM- HBIX pecnyO/HKax, o6JacTaX H OKpyrax. Kak u3BecTHO, H3 pa3HOOOPa3HBIX COLMAJIbHBIX (PYHKLHH pPYCCKOTo si3biKa BAKHEHIIIMMH TIpH3HaHbI cjaeayiomine: 1) OyKHKUKHH HanLHOHAJIbHOTO Si3bIKA pycC- CKOTO Hapojia; 2) dyHKuHH OOINETO 5i3bIiKa MeXHAalHOHAJIbHOTO OČOINEeHHA HAapO/IOB CCCP; 3) ¢yHKuMH OJHOTO H3 SIBBIKOB MEXJVYHApOJIHOTO OČINEHHA, OJHOIO H3 MHPOBBIX A3bIKOB; 4) QYHKUMH $3bIKa, CJIYXKalllero OJIHHM H3 TJIABHbIX HCTOUKHH- KOB OOOTallleHHusi H Pa3BHTHS 5I3bIKOB COBETCKHX HapoJIOB. HanG6ojiee oblieii 3aKOHOMEPHOCTBIO pa3BHTHA SI3LIKOBOH JKH3HHM COBETCKOTO 001leCTBa, OTPAXKAIOLIEH COLHAJIbHbIE HHTEPECHl H NOTPEGHOCTH MepBOCTENeHHOH BAXXHOCTH BCEX HAPO/IOB HallleH CTDpaHbl, AB/IAETCS BCE YCH/IHBAIOILASACSA TeH eH BO3PACTaHHA pOJIH H (OVHKUHH PYCCKOTO 5i3bIKa B COBMECTHOH MPOH3BO/ICTBEHHOH H OOINLECTBEHHO-TIOJIHTHUECKOH JIESTEJILHOCTH BCeX COBETCKHX Jiojei. B »xH3HH GOoJIbiuKHCTBA HapoaoB CCCP pycckuit si3blK NPHMEHSIETCH He TOJIbKO KaK SI3blK MEKHALHOHAJbHOTO OOLIeHHS, HO H KaK OCHOBHOH $i3bIK HpOCBENHIĮEHHA, MO3HAHHSA (T.€. A3BIK CpejiHero o6iero, Cena bHOTO H BbICINeTO OOpa30BAHHA, A3bIK Ha yKH H TEXHHKH), OBJ1aIeHHs OČIIECOBETCKOH H MHpOBOK KyJ/JbTypoi. BuecTe ¢ TEM Bax- HO OTMETHTb H TO, YTO PYCCKHH Hi3bIK BbINOJIHSET OVYHKIKHH 53bIKa OČOIICeCTBEHHO- NOJHTHYECKOH, HAYYHOH H KYJbTYPHOH 2KH3HH COBETCKOTO OČINeCTBA B IIEJIOM, B Maciutabax Bee cTpaHbi. Bee 310 H cieqiano DyCCKHH si3blK OČINEenNpH3HaHHbIM A3bIKOM, C KA2KJĮbIM HOBBIM JIHEM BCE CHJIbHEe VKDpEnJISAIONIHM €IHHCTBO, MOHOJIHT- HOCTb COBETCKOTO OOINECTBA, SI3bIKOM OPAaTCKOro COTPY AHHYECTBA H B3aHMONOMOIJIH Bcex HapojoB CCCP. B noBcemecTHOM pacnpocTpaHeHHH PYCCKOTO 5i3blKa, B BO3PACTaHHH €ro 3Ha- UEHHSA B [OBCEJHEBHOM OOILEHHH COBETCKHX JIIOJJEH HeMaJOBaXKHYIO POJb HTpaeT H TOT (AKT, UTO PYCCKHH $I3bIK — POJHOM SI3bIK PYCCKHX, COCTaBJsIOIHX 6oJee NOJIOBHHbI Hace/eHHs Hallell cTpanbl. Kpome Toro, mo JaHHBIM NepenucH Hace- nenus 1970 r., 36,39, ykpaunues u 499%, GesiopycoB cBOGOAHO BJ1aJEIOT PYCCKHM SI3bIKOM, OCTaJIbHOE K€ YKPaHHCKOoe H GeJopyccKoe HaceseHne B TOK HJIH HHOH CTENeHH 3HaeT PYCCKHH A3bIK KaK GJM3KOPOJICTBEHHbIH YKPAHHCKOMY H Gesiopyc- ckomy. B To xe BpeMsi OH CTAJI DOJIHbIM 513bIKOM GoJsiee 13 MJIH. rpejcTaBHTe/IeH BCEX HAllMOHAJILHOCTEH. 10 Bce H3J10xkeHHOe He IpHBOJIHT K VYMAJIEHHIO POJIH H 3HAUCHHA MECTHBIX SI3bIKOB B *H3HH HX HocuTesel (Bbemonen H. K., 1969; Jlemepnes IO. JI., 1966). 3HaueHHe PYCCKOTO S13bIKA JŲISi pa3zBHTHA HapojjoB CCCP Hejib31 OrpaHHUK- BaTb eTO QYHKUHSIMH A3bIKA MEKHALHOHANLHOTO OČineKHA. TpyjiHo rmnepeoieHHTb BbIĮĮaIONILYPOCH pOJIb PYCCKOIO 5I3bIKa B pa3BHTHH H O0OTAllieHHH KYJIbTYDp H A3BI- KOB BCeX COBeTCKHX HapojoB. Bjiarojiapsi pyCCKOMY si3blKy JĮJOCTH2XKEHHSA JIPOOGOH HAUHOHAJIbHOH KYJIbTYDpbIi CTAHOBATCHA ĮĮOCTOSHHEM BCEX COBETCKHX Jiojei. Kak H3BeCTHO, HApOJbl JIOPEBOJIOUHOHHON PoccHH HaxXOjJMJIHCb Ha pa3HbIX YPOBHAX CBOETO MOJHTHYECKOTO, 3KOHOMHYECKOTO H KYJ/IbTYPHOTO pa3BHTHSA: ee HACeJISJIH KaK HapoJibl IpeBHEN BbICOKOH KYJIbTYDpbI, TAK H HAPOJIHOCTH, ITHHYECKHE TPY IIIb, OTCTaBUIHE B CBOEM Da3BHTHH. BbipaBHHBaHHe ypOBHS HX COLMAJbHO-3KOHOMH- UECKOTO, NOJIHTHYECKOTO H KYJIbTYpHOTO pa3BHTH5 Ha COBpeMeHHOH (oJiee BbICO- KOH CTAJĮHH ObIJIO JIEJIOM Upe3BbiuaKHHO TDYVJIHBbIM. Mamnouncejiennbie HapojinocrTH CeBepa JIOCTHTJIH OTDOMHbIX VCIIEXOB B 06J1aCTH NnpocBellĮeHHS5S, HAYKH, KYJbTYypbl, JJUTEPATYPbl H HCKYCCTBA, IVIaBHBIM OOpa3oM, NOCPEJICTBOM pycceKoro s53bika (YBauan B. H., 1971). 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Bunorpanos, „ecTb TJIY- OoKas NPUHIMIHAJABHAS pa3HHIla MeX/IĮy INpeKXHHM, JODpeBOJIOHHOHHbIM BJIHS- HHeM PYCCKOTIO 13bIKA Ha 5iB3bIKH COCeJIHHX HAPOJHOCTEH H MeXKJĮy B/IHAHHeM pyC- CKOTO ;33bIKa Ha 53bIKH HapojioB CCCP B Halle Bpems “. CxojįcTBa H COOTBETCTBHS B si3blkax cTpaHbl CoBeToB, OGYCJIOBJIEeHHbIeE BO3- JICHCTBHEM pyCCKOTO S13bIKA, MPOSBJSIOTCS : 1) B paciuuperun cgepbl BAHSHHS PYCCKHUX, OCOOGHHO HOBBLIX, COBETCKHX Bbl- pakKeHHH, B KAJIbKHpOBAHHH HX; 2) B CTpeMHTe/IbHOM pacnpocTpaHeHHH COBETH3- MOB, B HX JĮĮBH?KEHHH H3 GJHOTO f3bIKa B JIPYIOii; 3) B ocBoeHHH OCHOBHOTO (bdoHjJIa HHTeEepHALIKHOHAJIbHOH JIEKCHKH Uepe3 pYyCCKHH f3blK; 4) BooOnIe B VCHJIHBIIeHCS TEHJIEHIJHH K HHTEpHALKHOHAJIH3ALHH, B OCOOEHHOCTH K SI3bIKOBOK HHTEPHAIHOHA- ausauuu (Buuorpajjos B. B., 1945). Pycckuii 513bIK H cam oforaiiaercss MHOTOYHCJ/IEHHBIMH 3aHMCTBOBAHHSIMH H3 Jp y'HX A3bIKOB HAPOJOB CTpaHbl. [lo peBOJItoLHH OH OGOTAINlaJICA npeHMylLiecTBeH- HO TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIMH 3THOTpaUaMaMH — CJIOBaMH, OTPaKaIOUHMH OCOOEHHOCTH ObiTa, MaTepHaJIbHOH H J1YXOBHOH KYJ/bTYPBl pa3JIHYUKbIX HapojioB Poccuu. B co- BETCKOE BpeMsi HapsAAy ¢ TaKHMH CJIOBAMH PYCCKHH fI3bIK 3aUMCTBYET pas/HYHbIE TE€PMHHBI, IOSIBHBINHECSH B CBSI3H C pa3BHTHEM HAllHOHAJBHOTO HCKYCCTBA, JHTEpa- TYpbl, HAyKH, TexHHKH. Hanpumep, yueHbre ApMeHHH C03 /1a/1H HOBbIe Hay4HbIe Tep- MHHBI: HAHDpHT, FaHIVIEPOH, CEeBAHHUT H T.J.; OHH BOLUJIH B COCTaB PYCCKOH H MEX- JIYHapOJIHOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH COOTBETCTBYIOIIEH OO/IacTH 3HaHHA. PyccKHil s3BIK 3aMMCTBYET HOBble HeoOXOJuMble CnenHOHuecKHe HayuyHble H TeXHHYeCKue TEPMHHBI, CO3/laHHBIE YyueHbIMH YKpauubl, beaopyccuu, Azepčahjpkana, ['pysuu, JINTBBL H IpyTrHX pecny6JHK. Bce 310 nokaseiBaet, 4To pyCCKHH A3bIK, [10 MeTKOMY onpejenenuio A. C. [Tym- kuHa (IloJiH. cobp. cou. B 16-Tu Tomax, 1949) — „riepeHM4UHBbIH H OGIILEKHTENb- HbIKH B CBOHX OTHOLIGHHSIX K 4YXKHM fi3bIKAM“. CrpeMjteHHe COBETCKHX JIPOJIEKH B COBEpIIEHCTBE OBJIAJIETh PYCCKHM SI3bIKOM OOYCJIOBJIEHO 00 bEKTHBHbIMH 3aKOHOMEPHOCTSIMH Pa3BHTHSI COBETCKOTO OČINECTBA H OTBEYaeT JKH3HEHHOH NOTPeOHOCTH BCeX HApoJOB Haile cTpaHbI. CBoOojHOE BJIaJIEHHE PYCCKHM SI3bIKOM IIOMOTaeT HepyCCKOMY HacCe/IeHHIO yCIeLIHO peliaTh 12 BONPOCHI CPEJIHETO H Bbiciuero O0pa3OBAHHSA, OOINHEeCTBEHHO-IIOJIHTHUECKOK, JKOHO- MHYECKOH, HaY4YHOH H KYJIbTYpHOH JKH3HH CTpaHbI. „CaM OGbeKTHBHbIH XOJ/Į pa3- BUTHSI COBETCKOTO OOLIECTBA Bbi3BAJi K JKH3HH POCT ĮĮBYSIBbIuHS, KaK IPaBHJIO, 3TO CBOGOJIHOE BJIajieHHe HApSIJLY C POJHBIM $13bIKOM TaKXe PYCCKHM, KaK SI3bIKOM Me*xHAIHOKHAJIbHOTO obienus‘’ („IlpaBjra“, 1971, 16 unions). OCcHOBHbIM THOM BY 535445 B CCCP siB/isieTcsi ABYs3bIUHE C PYCCKHM S3bIKOM B (DyHKIHH OČINETO fisbika HapoJOB Hallled cTpaHbl. POCT JABYS3bIUMSI OTBEYaeT nnTepecaM Beex HapoaoB CCCP, OH fAB/SETCS OJIHHM H3 BHIPAXKEHHH JIEMOKDATH- YeCKOH TPHPOJBl COBETCKOH HalHoHaJbHOH nosiuTuku (BarpamoB D. A., 1971). B ycaoBHSX 3pesioro COnHaJIHCTHUeCKOTO OOIIeCTBA PYCCKHI S3BIK HTpaeT IJIaBHYIO POJIb HE TOJILKO BO B3aHMOJIEHICTBHM H B3aMMOOOOTAIIEHHH SH3bIKOB H KYyJbTYp, HO H B NOBCEMECTHOM pacInpocTpaHeHHH €JHHOH COBETCKON CONHAJIHC- THUYECKOH KYJBLTYDPHI KaK B Mpoliecce TOBCEJIHEBHOTI'O B3aHMOOGCOTAINlEHHA HapO/I0B CCCP, Tak u uyepe3 rieuaTHbIe H3JaHUS. PasBurHe HallMOHAJBHBIX JIHTEPATYP H HCKYCCTBAa Ha MJIAJIONHCHEMEHHBIX 513BI- kax HapofioB CCCP mu Ha pycckoMm s3blKe €03/1a10 GJIATONDHATHLIE YCJOBHS JIS MCNOJI530BAaHHA NapaJMHTBUCTHYECKHUX CPeJICTB (auana3oH MOAYJSIHU TO- Joca, HanLHOHAJIbHAS cHelH(uKa NpOsiBJEHHS CTeNneHH T'POMKOCTH, Xapakrepa nays, OKpacKH peu, BblpazKalollell Te HJIH HHbICE 3KCIIPECCHBHO-3MOIMOHABHbIE CBOHCTBa H T.A.), QUryp peuH, NpHHAIONIHX BbICKa3bIBAHHIO B Mpolecce oblile- HHS XapakTep HDpOHHH, MAPOJHH H T.II. 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B cBa3n c 50-jierneM Bejiukoro Okra6ps oTrMedajiHcb CJAEAYIOLIHE OCHOBHbIe HATpABJIEHHA JIHAHTBHCTHYECKHX HCCJIEJJOBAHHH H JOCTHTHYTHIE B 3THX HanpaBJIEHHAX Pe3yJabTaThli: 1) BHYTPHCTPYKTYpPHOE HCCJIEJOBAHHE $I3HIKOB CO- BeTCKHX H 3apy0exXHbIX HApoJOB (IVIaBHOE HCCJIEJOBAHHE — TSITHTOMHbIH TpyA „Hlabiku HapojoB CCCP“, B CO3JaHHH KOTOPOTO OCHOBHYIO POJIb ChITpaJ 13 nam Hayunbifi coBeT mo KOMINJIEKCHbIM IIpoO/ieMaM ,, 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH pa3BHTHSH HAUMOHA/IbHBIX S3BIKOB B CBSI3H C DPa3BHTHEM COUHAJHCTHYECKHX HanuHė“); 2) obuiee A3bIKO3HAHHE; 3) CPABHHTE/ILHO-HCTOPHYECKOE H THIIOJOTHUECKOe HCCJIE- JIOBaHHe 53bIKOB. B TO Bpemsi MOXKHO GblJIO TOBOPHTH TOJIbKO O HayaJbHOM 3Tare BO3POXK/IEHHS y>K€ Ha HOBOM YPOBHE COLMAJIbHO-/IHHIBHCTHUECKHX HCCJIeIOBAHHI. ['naBubiM o6pasom 6aaronaps jestenbHoctH Hayunoro coBera no KOMINJIEKC- HOH rnpob/ieMaTHKe ,,3aKOHOMEPHOCTH Pa3BHTHSI HAIMOHAJbHBIX Si3bIKOB B CBSI3H C pa3BHTHeM COLHAJMCTHYECKHX HalnHė“, B paboTe KOTOPOTO aKTHBHO y4aCTBYIOT ¢usocodbl, HCTOPHUKH, 3THOTPadbi, JHTEPATYPOBEMbI, NMPEICTABHTENAM €4aro- THYECKOH HayKH, B JIOBOJIbHO TPY/HBIX VCJIOBHAX VJIAJIOCb OpraHH3OBATb HCCJIe- JjJoBaHHS5 IIO HOBOMY HAanpaBJIEHHIO — COLUHAJIbHO-JIHHTBHCTHUECKOMŲ, HMEPONIEMY NPSIMOE OTHONIEHHe K pa3BHTHIO HALHOHAJIbHbIX OTHOLIeHHH. Ilo 3ToMy HanpaBJIeHHIO HaHČoOJICEe AKTVAJIbHbIMH B IIDaKTHYECKOM H TEOpeTH- UECKOM OTHOINIEHHH ObiJIH IIpH3HAHbI CJIEJyIONIKE HNpOOJIeMbI: 1. IlepBas npoGjiemMa — HeejiejjoBaHHe 3aKOHOMEPHOCTEH (hYHKIHOHHPOBAHMS, pa3BHTH5 H B3AHMOJIEHCTBHS SI3LIKOB B COBETCKOM obiecTse. [lo sToH npobaeme cC03]laH (pyHaMeHTAJIbHbIi UETLIDEXTOMHbIK TPYJA ,,3aKOHOMEPHOCTH pa3BHTHS1 JautepaTypHbiX 53bIKOB HapojjoB CCCP B coBeTckyio 3noxy“, npeacTaBHBLIHI BIEPBbie B HCTOPHH COBETCKOTO SI3bIKO3HAHHA JOBOJBLHO ACHYIO KapTHHY O S13BI- KOBO# >KH3HH COBETCKOTO OČINeCTBA, NOKABAaBINHH ee MO3UTHBHYIO H TEHEBYIO CTO- poHbi. ITOT TPYA OTHOCHTCS K UHCJY HCCJIEI0BAHHMA, KOTOPbIE HOMOTAIOT onperie- JIHTb 3ajįauH B 00JIACTH OCYLIECTBJICHHS HAlHOHAJbHO-53bIKOBOH TMOJIHTHKH H B penienHH NPaKTHYECKHX BOMPOCOB pa3BHTHA 53bIKOBOKH JKH3HH COBETCKOTO oblie- crBa. I lo Jtannoji npoGjieMe co3jJiaHbi H JIpyTHEe Tpy abl, Hanpumep, kuura K. X. Xa- Ha3apoBa „Pemiekne HanKHOHAJIbHO-S3bIKOBOH ripoG/ieMbi B CCCP“ (M., 1977), M. H. Hcaesa „130 paBkonpaBnbix“ (o sisbikax HapojijoB CCCP) u 1.1. 2. Bropas npobaema cBA3ana ¢ Hay4yHbiM OGOCHOBAHHeM DOJIH H 3HAYEHHS pycckKoro s135iKa KaK CpejicTBa MeXKHallMOHAJILHOTO OONIEHHA B COBETCKOM 06- mecrBe. B yka3aHHOM KOJIJIEKTHBHOM TDYJIE OblJIO VJIEJIEHO 3HAUHTEJIbHOE BHH- MaHHe XapaKTepHCTHKE (DVHKUHOHHpOBAHHS PYCCKOTO S13biKa B HALMOHAJbHBIX pecny6/iuKax, pa3BHTHS5 HALIKOHAJIbHO-pYyCCKOTO ABYsi3biuust. [lo sToRH npoGjeMe co3]laHbi Tpyjįbi: „PasBHTHe HalHOHaJIbHO-pyCCKOTO ABys3busi (M., 1976), „I lpo6j1eMbi IBY A3bI4HS H MHOTOSI3bIuHS“, „P VCCKHŪ SI3bIK KaK CpeJlCTBO MeXHAlIHO- HaJIbHOTO OOILeHHs“, ,,PyCCKHI 5i3bIK: ETO pOJIb B pDa3BHTHH H VKDerJIEeHHH COBeETC- KOTO 06LIeCTBa H MEeXK/JLYHADpOJIHOTO COTPYAHHYECTBA H Ap. 3. Tperbs npoOJieMa — B3aHMOOTHOIIEHHE pa3BHTHSA S3bIKOB H -KYJIbTYD, 13bIKOBbI€ BONPOCHI B3aHMOJEHCTBHSI H B3aHMOOCOTAINHEHHSA HallHH, HAapOJįHOCTeHM H HX KYJIbTŲYp, Pa3BUTHs OGLIECOBETCKOH CONHAaJIHCTHYUECKONR KYAbTYPbl. ITH BO- NpOChl OCBellleHbl B KHHTaX „Pa3BHTHe A3LIKOB H KYJbTYP B HX B3aHMOCBSI3H H B3aHMOJEHCTBHM“, , B3auMOOTHOLIEHHe Da3BHTHS $I3bIKa H KyJAbTYpH“ (B ne- yatn), „HannonaJibHbiė 53bIK H HauMoHa/bHas KyJibTypa“ (1978) H B HeKoTo- pbix ApyTHXx pabortax. 4. Yetsepras npoOJieMa — pa3BHTHe S3bIKOBOH JKH3HH COLHAJIHCTHUECKHX CTpaH, BONpOCbi 513bIKa MexKTOCY JlapCTBEHHOTO COTPY/HHYECTBA CONHAJIHCTHUEC- KHX CTpaH B YCJIOBHAX JĮįajibHehHIeTO YTrJIyOJIEHHS npouecca COLHAJIHCTHUeCKONH nuHTerpannn. Ilo jaunoji npoGieme OnyOJIHKOBaH psi cTaTell H BejleTCA paGoTA HO NMOJATOTOBKE JIOJITOCPOYHOH NpOorpaMMbI COBMECTHBIX HCCJIENOBAaHHH IO 1eJie- BOMY NpOEKTY ,,HaunoHanbHbie 5i3bIKH B YCJIOBHSIX pa3BHTOTO COLHAJINCTHYECKOTO mecTBa“, 5. Iliras: npoGJieMa — MHPOBOH JIHHTBHCTHUeCKHA NPOUECC H TeHIEHIHH ero pa3BHTHA. MapKcHCTCKO-JIeHHHCKas HJIEOJIOTHS, poJib CoBerckoro Coosa B MHDpOBOM pa3BHTHH O0SI3bIBAIOT HAC VJIEJISTb CYIIECTBEHHOE BHHMAHHE H STO 14 npoOjeMe. OnyOJinkoBaHbi BaxHble HceJiejjoBanHns: „HayuKo-TexHH4eCKa1 peso- JIOUHA HW OYKKUKMOHHpOBAHHE S3bIKOB MHpa“, ,,COUMOJMHTBHCTHYECKHE Npo6- JIeMbi Pa3BHBAKOIHX CSA CTpaH“, „PyccKHė A3bIK B COBpeMeHHOM MHpe“ H ApYTHe. B nacrosimee BpeMsi pasBeprbiBaeTcA paGoTa Hajį TaKHMH BaKHBLIMH TIIpoOO/Ie- MaMH Kak mpo6/ema „S13bIiK B pa3BHTOM COllHAJIHCTHUECKOM OOInecTBe“ (HMECTCH B BHJly COBeTCKoe OOuLecTBO), „Haunona/ibHbie si3bIKH B VCJIOBHAX pa3BHTOTO CO- I[Ha/IHCTHYECKOTO OOUIlEeCTBA“, KOTODpbIE CBSI3aHbl C OCYLILECTB/IEHHEM [JIaBHOH 3a- JauH — CTPOMTEJbCTBa KOMMYyHH3Ma. I|poBejieHbi H TIpOBOJIATCS JIOBOJIbHO 3HA- uKHTeJIbHAasi: KOOD/MHALMOHHAS HayYHO-OPTAHH3ALHOHHAS MW HAVUHO-HCCJIeJij0BA- TeJbcKasi padoTbi. K coxanennio, 1ajeKo He BCe BO3MOXKHOCTH HCINOJIb3VIOTCS B 3TOH paboTe. Mbi cTapaemcs JIMKBHAHPOBATh HEIOCTATKH, COYETATh HAYYHO-HC- CJIe/IOBATE/IbCKYI0O H Hay4YHO-OPTaHU3aUMOHHYIO JĮESITEJ/IbHOCTb C MOJATOTOBKOI HAYYHO-NIPAKTHYECKHX PEKOMEH JallHii. Xotesioch bl Bbipa3HTb 60JIbIIYIO OJIaTOJIapHOCTb BCEM TOBAPHILAM, KOTOpbIe COTPY/IHHYAIOT C HAMH H OKa3biBAlOT MOMOIIb, NPHBJEKAIOT HAC K pa3paboTke KOMINJIEKCHbIX NpOOJIeM, MOJIEPKUBAIOT HAUIH HCCIEJOBAHUS H HAYUHbIe NOJIO- XEHHA B CBOMX TpyJax. Jloknan JI. U. Bpexuesa o 60-neruu Beaukoro Okrsa6pa, MaTepHaJIbi CoB- MecTHOTO I0OuJIekiKoTo 3acejankus IĮK KIICC, BepxoBkoro CoBera CCCP u Bep- xoBHoro CoBera PCOCP u Jipyrne MaTepunaJibi, CBS3aHHbIE C MOJIBEJIEHHEM HTO- FOB pa3BHTHS5 COBETCKOTO obiecTsa 3a 60 JieT H ornpejteJieHHeM IriaBHbIX 3ajlau B 06/1aCTH Ja/ibHEHIero PasBUTHA 3peJIOTO COUMAIHCTHYECKOTO OONeCTBA, NIO- CJYXaT JIS HAC HOBbIM CTHMYJIOM H KOMNACOM B YCMEIIHOM pa3BepThIBaHHH HayYHBIX HCCJIEJOBAHHI — HAllleM CKPOMHOM BKJIajie B JĮEJIO KOMMYHHCTHUYECKOTO CTPOHTEJILCTBA. Onna H3 BaXKHbIX 3a/1a4 COLHOJIHHTBHCTOB — pa3paboTka obuiei TEOPHH COLH- a/IbHOH JINHTBHCTHKH. Kak H3BecTHO, B TPYyJaX KJACCHKOB MapKCH3Ma-JIeHHHH3- Ma Obl/1a HayuHO NoCcTABJIEeHa, OGOCHOBaHa H PEIleHa C NO3UIMIT JIHaJIEKTHUECKOTO H HCTOpH4eCKOTO MaTepHaJiH3Ma NpoOJIeMa COHHAJILHOH OGYCJIOB/IEHHOCTH 3bIKA H 3aKOHOMeDpHOCTeEHK €r0 HCTOPHYECKOTO pa3BHTHA. CoBeTcKHe SI3LIKOBE/IBI CTAJIH TIDOSIB/ISTb 3HaUKHTEJIbHbIN HHTEPEC K COLHAJIbHO- JIHHTBHCTHYECKHM NpoG/IeMaM eile B 20—30-x rojax (Mapp H. A., MentannnosB H. H., Bunorpanos B. B., )Kupmynckuii B. M., IlonuBanos E. J1., Illop P. O., Sikosnes H. O., SIky6unckuii E. JI. u np.). B To Bpemst GbiJIH IOCTHTHYTHI CYLIECTBEHHbIE pe3YJIbTATbi B PELIEHHH OTJIEJIb- HbIX BONpOCOB, OCOGEHHO CBSI3AHHBIX C SISbIKOBbIM CTDOHTEJ/IbCTBOM. B 40—50-x rojiaxX B pa3pa6oTKe COLHOJMHTBHCTHYECKHX NpoOJIeM yuacTBOBajn O. C. Axma- noBa, H. K. benonex, P. A. Byjaros, B. B. Bunorpajzos, B. M. JKupMyHCKHI, O. II. ®uaun, A. C. Uukobasa u 1p. OHako B TO BpeMs He OblJIa CO3J1aHa HH OjlHa leJIbHasi TEOPETHYECKAs! KOHLEMUHS CONHAJIbHOKH JIMHTBHCTHKH. Bo BTopoii niojioBune 50-x rojjoB B CCCP ycu/HBaeTcs HHTEPeC K COLKHOJIHHTBHC- THYECKHM NpobJieMaM, K BONPOCaM MJIaHHPOBAHHSI H IIPOTHO3HPOBAHHS SI3bIKOBOTO pasButHs B CoBerckom Coiose („Pa3BHTHe MIA JIONHCbMEHHbIX 53bIKOB““, 1958; „MinajjonucbmMennbie s3bikH“, 1959 u np.). B nauajie 60-x rojnoB B CIIIA npeanpuHHMaOTCs MeDBbI NO JIHHHH OpraHH3aliHH COLHOJIHHTBHCTHUECKHX HCC/Ie/fOBaHHA. BHOBb NOBBICHJICS HHTepec K 3THM Nnpo- GjieMaM Bo Opanunua, Auraud, Uraauu, Snonun. Pa3BepThiBalOTCSl COLKOJIHHTBHCTHYUECKHE HCCJIEJJOBAHHS B COLKAJIHCTHUECKHX crpanax Bocrounoit EBponsi (B I'/IP, UexocJioBakun, PyMean, Benrpun, Boa- rapun, [losbive, IOrocjiaBun). BosHHk HHTepec K 3THM npobaemam H B pa3BHBa- IOLUXCS CTpaHaXx. Ojinako obuias TEOpHA1 COLHAJIbHOR JIHHTBUCTHKH elle He Gbi/ia co3jiana. 15 COBETCKHMH CONHHKOJIHHTBHCTAMH TMpOBOJIMTCA JJOBOJIbHO OoJibilasg paGoTA mo JIAHHH CO3JĮaHHS OČINEK TEODHH COLKAJIbHOK JIHHTBHCTHKH. DTOH NpoOJIEeMe NnocBs- meHbi MoKHorpadun IO. JI. JlemepneBa „ConnajJibHas: JuHTBHCTHKA. K ocHoBam ober Teopuu“ (M., 1977), JI. B. Hukombekoro ,,CHHXpOHHAsi COLMOJHHIBHCTH- ka“ (M., 1976), A. JĮ. llIBeiiuepa ,,CoBpemeHHasi COLMOJHHTBHCTHKA. Teopus, npobsemsr, MeTOJbi“ (M., 1976). Heo6xojiuMo yriayO6HTb H NPOAOJ/IKHTL ITY pa- ooTy. Sl3srKoBejiaMH Halle CTpaHbl pa3pabaThiBalOTCS H APYrHe CONHOJIHHTBHCTHUe- ckue npobaembl: Tpyasl H. K. Benopepa, O. II. dumuna, P. WU. Byjarosa, I'. B. CrenanoBa, H. O. Ilporuenko, O. C. Axmanosoii, B. I". Kocromaposa u Jp., TOCBSAILIleHHBIE BOmpocaMm S35IKOBOŽĖ >xH3HH HapojoB CCCP mu 3apy6exHbix CTpaH. Takum oOpasoM, CONHOJHHTBHCTHUYECKHEe MpobJieMbl B HallleH cTpaHe paspa- GaTeBaloTCs Ha MaTepuase SBbLIKOB HaponoB CCCP x 3apy6eXHbIX cTpaH B oflie- TEOPETHYECKOM, CHHXPOHHOM, DETPOCMEKTHBHOM, TNPOCNEKTHBHOM, IIDHKJIAJIHOM acrekTax, a TakKe B IJIaHe H3y4YeHHS] BOTIPOCOB HHTEPJHHTBHCTHKH. Hs onkira npoBejieHHA CNnenHaJibHORH KOH(epeHUMH, NOCBSUIeHHOH CONHO- JIMHTBHCTHUECKHM TIIpOGJIEMAM pa3BHTHS SI3bIKOBOH *xH3HH JIutoBckoit CCP, BbI- TEKAIOT BA?KHEIE BbIBOJIbi TEOPETHYECKOTO, HpaKTHUeCKOTO H HayyHO-OpTaHH3a- IIHOHHOTO 3HAUCHHS. 1. Jlnsi o6cyxyteHnHsi Ha KOHOepeHiIHH Obl/Ia BbUIĮBHHY Ta aKTVYAJIbHASi H BažkHas B TEOPETHUYECKOM H NMPAKTHYECKOM IJIaHe NpoOJIeMaTHKA, OTpaKalolas KH3HeH- HO BayKHbIe 3afIPOChl Pa3BHTOTO COIHAIHCTHYECKOTO OČINEeCcTBA. 2. Bricokuii npodeccHoHa/IbHbIH YPOBEHb JOKJAJ0B CBH/IETEJIbCTBYeT O TOM, 4TO B JIMTBE COLHOJIHHTBHCTHUECKHe NTPOOJeMbl Oy YT paspabaThiBaTbCS Ha ĮIOJIXK- HOM METOJIOJIOTHYECKOM H TEOPETHYECKOM YpPOBHE. 3. TlpenycmaTpuBaeTcsi OCylleCTB/IeHHe KOHKPETHBIX COLHOJIHHTBHCTHUECKHX HCCJIEeJjOBAaHHĖ B COOTBETCTBHH C TPAKTHYECKHMH M[OTPEOHOCTAMH Dpa3BHTHA SA3bIKOBOH 2Ku3HH JlutoBckoit CCP. 4. 3acayxuBaeT 0co60ro BHHMaHHS yAauHoe COYeTaHHe MOCTAHOBKH H Hayd- HOTO OCBelleHHsI TIDpOČJIEM (PYHKIHOHHPOBAHHS H pacnpoCcTpaHeHHS51 JHTOBCKO- PYCCKOTO H PYCCKO-JHTOBCKOTO ABYSI3bl4HH, a TaKxkKe (PYHKLHOHHPOBAHHUS pycC- ckoro S3bIKa B JIntoBckoit CCP Kak cpejcTBa MeKHAIMOHAJIBHOTO OOLIEHHS. Ilpu TOM yuHMThIBaeTCs NEpPBOCTENEHHOE 3HaueHHe PasBUTHA JIHTOBCKO-PYCCKOTO JIBYSI3bIUMs, IOCKOJbKY HalHOHaJbHO-pycckoe jaBysisbiune B CCCP saBasiercs OCHOBHBIM THIIOM JIBYSI3bIYHS, HMEIOUIUM OIPOMHOE CONHAJIbHOC, MPaKTHYEeCKOoe 3HaUeHHe. 5. B ĮoKJIAJIaX, COOGINEHHSAX H BbICTVINJIEHHAX SICHO ObIJIO BbIpažxXeHO CTpeM- JeHue pa3paG6aTbiBaTb TaKHe IKpOOJIEMbI CONHAJIbHOKH JIHHTBHCTHKH, KOTODbIe NO03BOJIAAT IIOJĮTOTOBHTb HaVUHO-IIpaKTHUeCKHe peKOMeH/įallHH, OCOOeHHO BaKHbIe JUIA UIKOJI H BY30B pecnyOJIHKH. 6. IlpejjcraBJisieTC51 TIOJIE3HbIM H YAa4HBIM HauaJIO KOOpJHHALHH HCCJIe/(0BA- HHH 5I3BIKOBEJIOB DpECITYOJIHKH IO COLHOJHHIBHCTHKE H PYCCKOMY $3BIKY KaK S13bI- KY MezKHallHOHAJbHOTO OOLIEHHUS. 7. K akTuBHOMY yuacTHIO B pa6oTe KoHdepeHlHu ObiJIa NMpHBJEUEHA HaytuHasi MOJIOJIEXKb — MOJIOJIble KaHAMJaThl HAYK, acriHpaHTbi H CTaXKephl. Bce 310 nosBosisier HajeATbCH, UTO COLHOJMHTBHCTHYECKHE HCCJ/EJOBAHHUSA, B TOM HHCJIe HCCJ/Ie/IOBAHUS MO PYCCKOMY $I3bIKY Kak SI3bIKY MeKHaIHOHAJILHOTO obmenusi, B JIntoBckoii CCP 6yayT pasBepThiBATHCS B COOTBETCTBHH C JKH3HEH- HBIMH TOTPEGHOCTAMH pa3BHTOTO COILHAJHCTHYECKOro O6IecTBa. 16 JiIureparypa Barpamos D. A. PaspiiTe H cOsnmkenne connajnncTHuecKHX Hannii. — Ipasna, 1971, 16 utozist. Benonen H. K. Passurne sizbikos commamucthueckux Hanuli CCCP. — Kuen, 1969. Bunorpanos B. B. Beankwuit pyccknii size. — M., 1945. Aewepues 10. Jį. 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH pa3BHTHS H B3aHMOJEHCTBNE S3BIKOB B COBETCKOM obrec- TBe. — M., 1966. Exeroauuk BCD. — M., 1975. Hapoanoe oGpasosanne B CCCP. 1917-1967. — M., 1967. Ilymikun A. C. Ilojinoe coGpanue counHennii B 16-TH Tomax. — M., 1949. Conianicriyna Ykpaina. — Kuis, 1937. Yeauan B. H. Ilyrb muorux napogoe Cepepa K connann3mMy. — M., 1971. Hucrutyr sspikosnanuss AH CCCP DABARTINE SOCIOLINGVISTIKOS PADETIS TSR SAJUNGOJE IR TARYBINES VISUOMENES KALBINIO GYVENIMO RAIDOS AKTUALIOS PROBLEMOS Reziumeé Straipsnyje analizuojamos svarbiausios TSR Sąjungos kalbinio gyvenimo raidos tendencijos. Pateikiama dau g nenuginčijamų faktų, rodančių, kad tarybinių tautų literatūrinės kalbos turi ten- denciją laisvai f unkcionuoti ir plėtotis, kad po Spalio revoliucijos jų visuomeninis vartojimas iš es- mės pakito ir k ad jos savo visuomenines funkcijas neregėtai išplėtė. Antroji raidos tendencija yra formavimasis ir plitimas nacionalinio-rusų bilingvizmo, kuris yra būtina socialinė įvairiakalbės, dau- gianacionalinės tarybinės visuomenės gyvenimo prielaida. Brandžiojo socializmo visuomenėje nacio- nalinės kalbos ir rusų kalba, kaip tautų bendravimo priemonė, papildo viena kitą. Rusų kalbos vaid- mens didėjimas tarybinės visuomenės — naujos istorinės žmonių bendrijos — gyvenime priklauso nuo objektyvių socialinių priežasčių. Rusų kalbos dėka vienos nacionalinės kultūros laimėjimai pasi- daro prieinami visiems tarybiniams žmonėms. Rusų kalba padeda turtinti ir plėtoti nacionalinių kal- bų leksinę-terminologinę ir stilistinę sistemas, jas internacionalizuoja. Keliamos ir svarstomos pa- grindinės tarybinės socialinės lingvistikos problemos: kalbų funkcionavimas, raida ir tarpusavio sąveika socialistinėje visuomenėje; rusų kalbos, kaip tarptautinio bendravimo priemonės, vaidmens ir reikšmės di dėjimas tarybinės visuomenės gyvenime; kalbų ir kultūrų, tautų ir jų kultūrų savitarpio sąveika ir turtėjimas; bendrosios socialinės teorijos kūrimas ir kt. Pabrėžiama reikšmė ir perspekty- vumas sociolingvistinių tyrinėjimų, ypač klausimų, kurie liečia lietuvių — rusų bilingvizmą ir rusų kalbos, kaip nacijų bendravimo priemonės, plėtimąsi mūsų respublikoje. 2. Uzs. Nr. 1554