KALBU
KONTAKTAI
LIETUVOS
TSR
LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI
XXIII
(1983)
JIAMMA
TPYMAIEHE
COIMOJMHTBUCTHYECKOE
MCCIEXOBAHHE
JIMT
OBCKOU
PEYM
KOPEHHBIX
BHJIBHIOCHEB
Bsenenue.
Topomckas
pews
papHaGenbua,
9TO
ycoxHAeT
anamH3
ee.
Cyie-
yeT
OTMeTHTb,
4TO
BapHaOeNbHOCTh
A3bIKa
B
WeOM
—
CBOMCTBO
MOCTOMHHOe
H
IIposBJIAeTCH
B
CIOCOOHOCTH
K
BaPpbHpOB@aHHIO
ASBIKOBBIX
CpeACTB
(cp.:
CxBop-
wos
JI.
V.,
1978,
c.
22),
BEIpaxkaa
%KH3HEHHOCTS
s3bIka.
IIpu
u3y4eHHM
A3EIKOBOTO
BapbHPOBaHUA
B
KayecTBe
OTMpaBHO O
OObeKTa
BBICTyMaeT
MAHOICKT
(C ena-
nos
IT.
B.,
1979,
c.
13-14).
Tompko
ompezenmB
paHubl
BApbupoBaHAA
B
ped
HHIMBUa,
MOKHO
MpHHATKCA
3a
CllelMdM4ecKy!0
MOCTaHOBKy
TaKOH
JIMHTBHCTH-
‘yecKoli
3a!a4H,
Kak
M3yYeHHe
A3bIKa
KOJWMEKTHBA
B
e0M
(Ipocce
P.,
HoiiGep
A.,
1976,
c.
316).
:
Pew
HHIMBHa
MOXeT
BaPbUpOBATb
B
Mpe eax
HOPMbI
HeKoe o
pymimoBo o
WJM
KOJWIEKTHBHOFO
MHBApuaHTa,
B
Upeyenax
ompeseseHHOM
COUMaJILHO-KOMMYHH-
KaTHBHOi
Hoycuc ems
/
TepMun
A.
J.
Upeiimepa
(1976,
c.
76—77)/,
Tak
Kak
HOIDK-
Ha
TOXYHHSATECA
3aKOHaM
KOMMyHHKalMM.
Ho
He
cylllecTByeT
TaKHX
COIHaJIbHO-
KOMMYHHKATHBHBIX
CHCTEM,
JI
KOTOpBIX
He
OEIIO
GI
XApakTepHO
OMpeeseHHOe
BapbupOBaHHe,
Tak
Kak
,,HaJIMYHe
BapHaHTOB
M
TeTepO eHHbIX
CTPyKTyp
B
yxe
W3YYCHHBIX
PeYeBLIX
KOJWICKTHBAX
ABNIACTCH,
PASYMeeTCA,
TBEPMO
YCTAHOBJICHHbIM
¢bax om“
(Wein eich
U.,
Labo
W.,
He zog
M.,
1968,
p.
101).
JlanHoe
nonoxenue
oObscuse ca
pelic sHeM
OOBEKTHBHBIX
HA
CYObeKTHBHBIX
-PakTOpoB
Kak
COMMaJIbHO O,
Tak
H
4HCTO
JMATBMCTHYeCKO O
TWiaHa,
pH
passM4-
HEIX
OOCTOSTeBCTBaX
NoBep a omuxca
akTuBu3aMM
(Jemepues
FO.
J].,
1977,
c.
127—187;
Jla6oxs
Y.,
1975a,
c.
96—
181;
Tloc opasosa
B.
U.,
1978,
c.
148-156;
Cepe6penuukos
Bb.
A.,
1974,
c.
7—63).
Tlons we
commonwu suc uyeckoi
mepemMeHHow,
OGocHoBaHHe
KOTOpo o
co-
Hepxu ca
B
pado ax
Y.
Jla6osa,
o6oOmaeT
mMH BUCTHYeCKHi
u
COMMAambHbI
TiaH
WCCIemyeMo o
MaTepHasia:
CONMOJIMHTBACTHYeCKHe
TepeMeHHBIe
,,ompesie-
JIMOTCH
TOYKOH
OTCHeTa
H
UiKajlol
BeNMYHH,
HSMeCHAIONIMXCH
B
OMpeeieHHOM
HalpaBienuu.
Besm4uMHbI
B
Upeyewax
9THX
WIKa
JeTepMMHMpyIOTCA
COMMAIbHBI-
Mu
dbakTopaMu
ToZ06HO
ToMy,
Kak
(poHOO MYecKkHe
OKpyxeHHA
OOycIOBIMBAIOT
cboneTu4eckyio
pea M3anu o
anodponos
(Msei uep
A.
J].,
1976,
c.
35).
Mona ne
CONMMOJIMATBUCTHYeCKOH
TepeMeHHOM
MpuMeHAeTCA
mM
yclemHO
paspabaTEIBacTca
BO
MHOFHX
Tpy#aX
COIMMOJIMHTBHCTHYeCKOM
TeMaTHKH.
Vsyyen e
BapbupopaHud
pew
OlpeyemeHHo O
peyeBo o
KOJICKTHBa
pH
10-
MOUIM
COUMOJIMHTBHCTHYeCcKOH
MeTONMKH
Upe iiowa ae
cOlUMOMHMHTBHCTHYeCKOe
62
‘MCTONKOBAHHE
BAPbAPOBAHUA
AZbIKA,
KOTOPOe
HAXOJMT
CBOE
BbIPAKeHHe
B
OTHO-
CHTCIbHOM
pa3 paHHYeHHM
e o
cTpaTHpHKanHOHHOM
uM
CHTyaTHBHOH
BapHaTHB-
woc u
(Iseimep
A.
J].,
Huxonpexni
JI.
b.,
1978,
c.
76—85).
Cnenye
akuen upo-
BaTb
OTHOCHTCJIBHOCTL
pa3 paHH4eHuA
aHHBbIX
BHJIOB
BAPbMpOBaHAA,
Tak
KaK
MCxK-
Ty
HUM
HaOmogaeTcA
TecHa
B3aMMOCcBs3b.
UMeHHo
yyeT
onocpexcTBy oulei
pou
yHOM#AHYTOM
CHTyaTHBHOK
BapHaTHBHOCTH
MO3BONACT
wu36exKaTb
ByJb apH-
3aTopckoi
WHTepmpeTalMH
BO3selicTBHA
Ha
AZbIK
COMMAaIbHEIX
(axTopos.
Pa3-
TpaH yeHHe
yKa3aHHbIX
BHAOB
BapbMpPOBaHHA
H3bIKa
YIMTbIBACT
H
COOTHOMIeHHE
B
HEM
MHAWBHAyAsIbHbIX
M
COUMAIbHBIX
:bakTOPOB
empanee
06
9ToM
cM.:
Ma-
kosckui M.
M.,
1976).
STHM
ABYM
BAaM
BapbHpoBaHHA
A3bIKa
COOTBETCTBY€T
BapbHpoBaHHe
ABYX
BHJIOB
COMMOJIMHIBUCTHYeCKHX
TepeMeHHBIX:
CTpaTHHKalMOHHBIX
H
CHTYaTHBHbIX
(um
c paTHdukalMoHHo-cHTyaTHBHEIX).
C paTuukalMoHHBle
TepeMeHHbIe
BbI-
eNMOTCA
B
COOTHOIeHHH
Cc
COMMasbHO-KaccoBol
cTpyK ypoH
oGmlec Ba,
a
CTpaTHuKalHOHHO-cHTyaTHBHble
H3MeHAIOTCA
HM
B
COOTHOMeHHH
C
COlMasIbHOK
CTpykTypoi
oGulecTBa,
H
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
conManbHOi
cu yanuu.
Uccneqopanne
‘COlMaIbHO
CHTyalMM
WpesnoNa aeT
w3y4eHHe
WByYX
BULOB
IMIIMpWYECKO O
MaTe-
pHasa:
T.H.
AaHHbIX
OObeKTMBHOI
U
cyObeKTHBHOM
CTOpoH
s3bIKa.
Yue
cyObex-
‘THBHOM
CTOpOHEI
(T.e.
MHeHHIi,
ONeHOK,
cyxMeHUM,
OpHeHTalMi
HOCHTeNel
A3bIKa
mo
noposly
cBoe
co6cTBeHHOM
peywH
WIK
pew
Mpy ux,
onpeseseHuii
NeHHOcTHOI
Op eHTaumM
B
OONaCTH
A3bIKa
H
A3EIKOBOM
HOPMBbI)
FOTOBUT
MOYBy
AA
W10,O-
‘TBOPHOTO
IIpHMeHEHHA
COMMOMMHTBUCTHYCCKMX
MpaBHJI,
a
TEM
CaMBIM
H
I
pac-
KPbITHA
OCHOBHEIX
(PAkTOpoB
(KaK
JIMHTBUCTHYeCKO O,
TaK
HM
COlMabHOTO
Tana),
BUMAIOUIEX
Ha
BOJOUMIO
A3bIKa.
TonbKo
pH
TWlaTesIbHOM
H3yyeHuM
cyObeKTMBHOI
CTOpoHEI
A3bIKa
H
COOTHE-
‘CCHHH
JaHHBIX
STO O
WiaHa
C
MaHHbIMM
OObeKTHBHOM
CTOPOHI
A3bIKa
CTaHOBHTCA
BO3MOXHOI
HHTepipeTauMA
Mepexo a
CTpaTHHKalMOHHBIX
MepeMeHHLIX
B
CTpa-
‘TudukalMOHHO-cuTyaTHBHEIe.
[Ipospienue
MocieqHUX
cBaA3aHO
C
CO3HAaTeJIbHOI
ea TeswbHOCTbIO
YesoBeKa
B
OOMACTH
A3bIKa,
T.e.
C
IeHHOCTHOM
OpHeHTalueii
u
‘COUMAJIbBHLIMH
yCTaHOBKaMH.
CosHa TenbHad
AeaTebHOCTh
B
OOMACTH
A3bIKa
BCe
a
COOTHOCHTCA
C
NOHATHEM
s3bIkKOBOi
HOpMBI.
[[pezc apleHue
O
TOM,
YTO
MeHa
9THX
HOPM
IIpOHCXOAUT
O4eHb
MemeHHo,
cTao
mpuBE HbiM.
Ho
ene
B
1931
.
E.
[losmpanos
nucan,
y o
Takoe
mpeyic apyeHue
MoxeT
Opi h
yTouHeHO,
ecum
HaOMOMAaTb
XOX
ASbIKOBO
9BOMO-
THM
B
OTJCUbHRIX
3BEHbAX
TpAMMATHYCCKO
CHCTeMBI
,,BILIOTHYIO“,
C
TOMOLIbIO
BePOATHOCTHO-CTATHCTHYeCKOTO
MeTONa,
PasyMeeTCs,
B
TeX
CyyasHX,
Ko a
cpakTsI
MOCTYNHEI
Tako o
poza
Ha6mozeHumM
(Monmsanos
E.,
1931,
c.
75—76).
O
Heo6-
XOMMMOCTH
OCBOCHHA
MeXaHH3Ma
9BOJIIOUMH
A3bIKa
IPH
HOPMHPOBaHHH
TMUyT
w
py ue
sma suc e
(Koc omapos
B.
I.,
Hlsapuxond
B.
C.,
1965,
c.
126).
TombKo
TIpH
YCOBHM
BCeCTOPOHHe O
M3YYeHU
MeXAaHH3Ma
ASIKOBLIX
H3MCHCHUI
CTaHO-
BUTCH
BO3MOXKHBIM
CBOeBpeMeHHOe
H
Goylee
OObeKTHBHOe
pellieHHe
mpoOnems
HOpMupoBaHHs,
T.e.
KOMMuKAaNMU
A3bIKa,
KOTOPOe
MpeAycMaTpuBaso
OI
ompe-
QeueHHYy!0
3aBMCHMOCTb
BHYTPHCHCTeMHEIX
M3MCHeHH
OT
pa3BHTH
YaCTHBIX
KOMMYHHKAaUHOHHEIX
(byHkunii
s3b1KoB
(Jlemepues
IO.
JI.,
1966,
c.
235—239).
63
VimenHo
BpiapsieH e
CONMONMHTBHCTHYeCKHX
HOpM
(HuxospcKnii
JI.
B.,
1976,
c.
129-130)
mpemmona aeT
yueT
B3aNMOselic BHA
B
ASKIKOBOM
pa3BUTHH
T.H.
»BHEIIHHX
H
,,BHYTPCHHHX
(bakTOpOB,
PacCMOTpeHHe
JHHTBHCTHYECKHX
(baK-
TOB
HE
TONbKO
OObeKTHBHOTO,
HO
u
CyObCKTHBHOTO
XapakTepa,
ycTaHOBNeHHe
UX
B3anMocBs3H.
IlosToMy
CONMONHHIBHCTHYeCKOe
M3yYeHHe
pa3 oBopHOl
peun
BaXKHO
He
TOMbKO
D
ONpeeNeHAA
CHCTEMBI
JIMTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa
%KUTENeH
Topona
Busbu oca,
HO
1
B
ONpe eeHHO
Mepe
A
HambHelMe o
mpo lecca
HopMupoBaHHA
H
KOMM@uKauHH
HTOBCKOTO
WHTepaTypHOTO
A3bIKa.
‘
Ak TyaJbHO
mpo6seMoi
JHHTBHCTHKH,
Kak
HM
BCeli
HayKH
B
eJIOM,
ABIIAeTCH
paspa6o ka
u
OcmbIcieHHe
Mpoulezyp
O6ocHOBaHHA
Hay4HO O
3HAHUS,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
mpo6nema
oc aT ouxoc u
o6ocHoBaHHii
pH
NoATBepxeHuu
TuTOTe3
(Iloc o-
Basiosa
B.
V.,
1980,
c.
89),
non60p,
BbiGop
u
oTGop
sMmmpHuecKHx
bakTOB
H
OCHOBBI
WX
IPOTHBONOCTAaBNeHHA
HIM
ConocTaBeHus
(Bell
R.,
1978,
p.
123-156).
IIpH
usyyeHuu
s3bIkKa
Kak
(YHKIUMOHAIbHOH
CHCTeMBI
O
HaABHTalouEXcs
13-
MCHCHHSX
CHTHAIM3HpyeT
HaNMWHe
.,cHaObIx
TO¥eK“
a3BIKa
(TepMuH
>.
Kocepny,
1963,
c.
238—239),
T.e.
HecooTBeTcTBHa
Mexyy
noTpeOHocTamH
BEIPaxkeHHA
H
HaswIMYHBIMH
CpesicTBaMu
Bbipaxenus.
B
nowcKe
,,cnaOp x
ToueK
a3bIkKa
MOxeT
6ObITh
IPWMeHeH
1
CTaTHCTHKO-BEpOATHOCTHBIN
MeToy.
Jlaxe
npeznona ae ca,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
YTO
C
NOMOLIbIO
CTATUCTHYCCKOTO
aHAaNH3a
MOTYT
CTaBHTECA
Hi
pe-
maTsca
Takue
3ayaun:
1)
mpo6mema
aOcomo Ho o
yaTuposaHns
H3MeHeHHi,
2)
ucuncleHHe
TeMnloB
H3MeHeHHI,
3)
npoOmema
Mpo Ho3sHposanns
(I
paysuua
JI.
K.,
1980,
c.
132).
Pon
cTaTHcTu4ecko o
MeTOa
B
HayKe
O
s3bIKe
OTMeYANAck
ele
B
TIPOUWLWIOM
Beke,
Halip.,
B
paGoTax
M.
Bonysxa
ze
Kyp ene.
Ho
mpumenenne
MaTema uuecknx
MeTOZOB
B
COMMAIBHBIX
HayKax
(9TO
OTHOCHTCH
M
K
H3YYeHHIO
A3bIKa
B
CONMMONMHT-
BHCTHYECKOM
acliekTe)
BCTpeyaeT
PAA
TpyHOCTell,
KOTOpBIe
MPOHCXOMAT
OT
CHOXK-
HOCTH
COUMANbHBIX
ABIeHHM,
a
Take
OT
TOTO,
YTO
U3yYeHHIO
MomBep ae ca
He
TONbKO
OOBEKTHBHAS,
HO
H
cyGbeKTHBHAA
cTOpoHa
sBNeHHA,
BbIpaxkeHue
(bakToB
KoTOpoii
B
KomM4ecTBeHHOH
hopme
TpeOyeT
paspaSo KH
chelManBHOTO
MaTeMaTH-
wecko o
ammapa a.
InapHad
TpyHOcTb
3aKNOYaeTCH
B
TOM,
4TO
TlOpo o
npuxo-
ABTCH
MMCTb
[esO0
C
KOPOTKHMH
CTaTHCTMYecKHMH
psy{aMu,
a
yBepeHHOcTH,
WTO
SHAYHTeIbHad
YacTh
HaOMOMaeMo o
He
co3qaHa
BOOOpaxkeHHeM
caMHX
Ha-
6mona eneii,
He
(cp.
Annpees
9.
I.,
Ocunon
I.
B.,
1973,
c.
339).
Tipumenenue
Ma ema Tw4eckux
MeTOOB
B
JIMATBHCTHYeCKHX
uccyieqoBaHHax
pac icHuBaeTca
10-pasHomy.
MM
s o
ecTec seHHo,
Tak
Kak
OHH
Tl0-pa3HOMYy
H
IIpH-
MeHmoTcs.
BecbMa
OTpullaTesbHO
10
NoBogy
npaMeHeHud
MaTeMaTH4ecKHX
MeTO-
HOB
B
NHHIBACTHKE
BEICKA3bIBACTCA
CpaBHUTebHO
HEMHOTO
JIMHTBHCTOB,
Hamp.,
H.
C.
Tpy6enxoi
(1960,
c.
18),
P.
A.
Byna os
(1978,
c.
40-42)
u
up.
Topasyzo
Comi e
che masmc os
upuylepxuBa o cs
UPOTHBONMOMOXHOTO
MHeHEA,
co macHo
KOTOPOMY
JIHHTBHCTHKa
,,He
MOXET
CeOa
CBA3EIBATh
Pa3
HM
HaBce ya
3alaHHEIMH
HCcHeHOBATeIbCKUMM
MeToamu“
(3Be uAues
B.
A.,
1977,
c.
46).
1.
Con onmu suc uyeckag
xXapakTepuc uka
o6 exk a.
O6snex om
Ha-
CTOAMETO
HCCle{OBaHA
ABIAeTCA
COMMANbHO-KOMMYHUKATUBHAS
CHCTeMa
(CKC)
TATOBCKOH
pew
KOJNeKTHBa
KOpeHHEIX
NHTOBUEB
BusibHIOcueB
(JIPKJIB)
(Ilsei -
64
uep
A. J.,
Huxonscxni
JI.
b.,
1978,
c.
67—76).
Konkpe uHbim
mpeaqmMeTom
HCCNeOBaHMA
NOCIYKU
OAMH
M3
KOMMOHeHTOB
WaHHOii
CKC
—
muToscKas
peub
wecnenyemMo o
kosmexTupa.
Tak
Kak
Mexay
KomMmoHeHTamu
CKC
cymlecTBy10T
OTHOWEeHHA
(PYHKUMOHAbHOM
MONONHUTeEIBHOCTH,
KOTOPbIe
3aa oTCA
COUMAasIb-
HBIMH
CBA3AMM
Mey
“WieHaMM
KOJWIeKTHBa,
ccbepaMM
HCHONb30BaHUA,
COWMAIb-
HBIMH
(byYHKUMAMM
HM
COWMAbHBIMM
CHTYallMAMH,
B
UeOM,
B
TOM
HIM
Apy om
ac-
mek Te
u3y4anacb
Bca
CKC
pe eso o
KOJeKTHBa
KOPCHHBIX
JIMTOBUEB
BHJIbHIOCIEB.
C
wenbio
onpedeneHia
HeKOTOpbIX
3aKOHOMepHOCTeii
H
TeHJeHUM
cTpaTHduKa-
UHMOHHOM
WM
CHTyaTHBHOM
BapwaTuBHocTH
JIPKJIB
peyesoii
konnekTHB
Opi
pa3s6uT
Ha
pe esbie
OOMIHOCTH
Ha
OCHOBe
COUMAIbHbIX
HM
COMMAasIbHO-emMo pacpHyeckux
MpH3HakoB
(Tam
xe,
c.
67—68).
B
nacToaulem
ucc eqosaHuu
ObIIM
BbI eweHbI
peyeBbie
OOWIHOCTH
Ha
OCHOBe
BYX
NpH3HaKOB:
BO3pacTa
H
ypoBHA
oGpa3zoBaHus.
Ilo
paspaboTasHoMy
many
MccileoBaHHA
DOMxKeH
Ob
y4HTbIBATbCA
TIpPH3HAaK
XapakTepa
Tpya,
Tak
kak
WMeHHO
JaHHBbIii
NpH3HaK
ABIAeTCA
OCHOBONOa a oulMM
KpuTepHeM
BHYTpeHHei
audpepexu aunn
COUMANBHO-KaCcCOBbIX
IpyI
B
YCNOBHAX
pa3BUTO O
comMasHu-
cTuyecko o
o6u ec Ba
(cp.
B
KH.:
Hikapa aH
O. W.,
PykaBuunuxos
B.
O.,
1974,-
c.
38).
Pasmmuua
no
pozy
Tpy a
(usnueckui ,
yMcTBeHHBIi
TpyX
cpaBHUTesIbHO
‘
HEBLICOKOM
KBaNMHKAaNMH
H
BbICOKOKBaIMHUMpOBAHHbI
YyMCTBeHHEI
Tpyl),
HMeFOulMe
CBOeH
OCHOBOM
pa3mM4HA
B
XapakTepe
Tpywa
(Py kesuy
M.
H.,
1972,
c.
13),
NepBOHaYaNbHO
YYHTHIBAINCh
H B
HACTOALIEM
HCCICXOBaHHH,"HO
B
KOHEYHOM
cueTe
BCTaa
abTepHaTHBa:
HIM
OTKA3aTbCA
OT
yHeTa
IpH3Haka
XapakTepa
TpyJa,
HIM
3HA4HTeEIbHO
yBeIHYHTb
OObeM
BEIOOpKH.
Bein
“u36paH
nepsbiii
nyTb
(cp.:
3apaspompicuios
A.
T.,
1969,
c.
186—187).
B
wacTosmiem
nccneqoOBaHHM
BBIZe-
wa¥OTCH
TPH
BO3pacTHbIe
pynne :
1)
pomuBuMeca
Zo
1932
.;
2)
pomnBmmMeca
B
1932—1952
.;
3)
ponmpmmeca
B
1953
.
u
No3sxKe
(cp.:
Cpe
BO3pacTHBIX
LWIKas,
pekomenayempix
MCM
AH
CCCP,
coxepxu es
pexypopHespan
wikana:
1)
o
19
ne ,
2)
20—39
ne ,
3)
40—79
ne
(.,.9Kcnep -2",
1974,
c.
3)).
B
wac osilleM
uccueqoBaHuH
peeBaHTHEIMM
CYHTaHOTCA
ABa
ypoBHa
OOpa3o-
Banus:
1)
HEOKOHYeHHOe
CpeqHee,
cpewHee
H
CpeaHee
cneuHanbHoe:
2)
HeOKOHYeH-
Hoe
BBIcUIee
M
BbICHee
(GoNee
ZpoOHAaA
KNaccHuKaluA
TakKxKe
TpeOoBana
yBenH-
yeHHa
OObeMa
BEIGOpKH).
Tipo6ema
o6 ema
BEISopKH
3aBHCHT
OT
NpoO eMb!
CAHHUIUbI
aHaIU3a
M
eQHHH-
ubi
cye a
(Agos
B.
A.,
1968,
c.
174—177).
B
kayecTBe
equHHI
aHasM3a
B
ZaHHOM
HcceHOBAaHHH
BbICTyMaIoT:
1)
OTMeNbHbIe
COMMONHHTBHCTHYeCKHe
TepeMeHHBIe,
Halip.,
COBOKYMHOCTb
BapHaHTOB
HeyWapHBix
7,
é, d,
7
B
KOHEYHO!
NO3SHUHH
HH
COBOKYIMHOCTh
BapHaHTOB
HeylapHbIx
ie,
o
B
HHT€PKOHCOHAHTHOM
No3HIMH
H
T.0.;
2)
MHeHHA
H
CykKeHuA
Mpelc aBuTeneli
w3yyaemMo o
peyeBO o
KOJWIeKTHBA
©
cBoei
co6cTBeHHOii
pew.
B
kayecTBe
CRHHMIL
CYeTa
OKa3aJIHCb
LWIKasIMpOBaHHBIe
3HAYeHHA
COMMONMHTBUCTHYeCKHX
MePeMeHHBIX
WIM
Cy*KTeHHI,
BLIOOp
asibTepHaH-
TOB
HIM
HauMuMe/oTcyTCTBHe
H3yYaeMOl
eAMHHUbI
B
enOM.
BuiGopKa
oKa3aslacb
dpycToponHeii
—
oTOupasMch
A3bIKOBbIC
CNMHHUbI
H
OGcHeTOBaHCh
py b
J0-
Heli,
moxTOMy
4HcO
KpuTepHeB
OO ema
BEIGOpKH
ObLIO
yBeJIMYeHO:
B
MepBylo
O4e-
pedb
YIHTEIBAIMCh
KPHTepuH
Wa
yicua
npezc asu enei
JIPKJIB,
.e.
kpu epun
5.
949
65
ConMosO HYecKOl
BEIGOPKU,
a
3aTeEM
MpHHHMasIMCh
BO
BHHMaHHe
KpHTepHn
JMH-
BucTHYecKoli
BEIGOpKU.
Takoi
xoq
elicTBuii
Obl
MpOAMKTOBaH
paHee
MpoBe-
JHHBIMH
COUMOMMHTBHCTHYeCKUMM.
ucceqoBaKHHAMH.
HanGonee
yauHbim
uccie-
WoBaHHeM
oposcKoii
pea,
Ha
Hal
B3 aA,
cmesyeT
cunTaTb
paboTy
Y.
JIabopa
(Labo
W.,
1966).
B
Hei
Gonbuioe
BHUMaHHe
yaemseTch
OTOOpy
MHdOpMaHToB,
4¥TO
H
MOCHYXUIO
TaBHBIM
3a0 oM
yc exa.
B
wac osmei
paOo e
eHepasbHad
COBOKYNHOCTb
HCCJIeMyeMbIX
OTBe4aeT
cneny oumm
TpeOosaHisM:
pogwMaHch
H
Oe3
3HAYMTeMbHO O
Mepepbisa
%KHIM
B .
Busu oce,
powuTenu
06a
—
WHTOBUBI
(cp.
C
aHaO H4HEIMH
TpeOoBaHMamu,
Hallp.,
B
KH.:
Pycckuii
#3bIk
Mo
AaHHbIM
Maccoso o
oOcegoBaHus,
1974,
c.
20).
Xom
o6pa3ozanua
MW
MeHBI
JHHTBHCTHYeCKMX
CHTYauMi
B .
BusbHIOce
3a
Mocmey-
nue
100
ne
o6ycaoBua
HaM4He
BecbMa
O paHMYeHHO O
4ucia
MpescTapaTeseii
cTaplle o
NOKOJeHHA,
OTBEYAIOMHX
MpeAbABJICHHIM
BbIe
TpeOoBaHHaM.
Ha6bs 0-
WaeTcs
3aMeTHbIi
CKaYOK
B
pocTe
YMCA
TaKHX
MpescTaBnTeei
Maaqwe o
NOKO-
jienus.
B
KOHeYHOM
C¥eTe
TIPHINIOCh
CieaTb
HEKOTOpbie
OTCTYNIeHHA
OT
Tpebo-
BaHui
BHIOOPKH:
MpescTaBuTeIH
CTaplie o
MOKOeHHA
MOTH
ObITh
POHOM
He
3
T.
BaubH OCa,
HO
elle
B
HeTCTBe
NOCeMUTBCA
B
HEM.
TlonyyaemMas
COUMONMHTBUCTHYeCKad
HHPOpMalMA
DOIMKHA
OTBeYAaTS
Tpebo-
BaHHAM
JOCTOBepHOCTH,
YCTOM4HBOCTH
H
pel peseHTaTHBHOCTH
(cp.
B
KH.:
MHbna-
men ox
B.
3.,
1973,
c.
17).
ua
o6ecneyenua
Aoc oBepHocTu
uHopManMH
BEIGOp-
Ka
AOJDKHa
Oblia
OXBATHTb
BCe
MOKOJeHHA
MCCHeAyeMo o
peyeBO O
KOJJICKTHBA
(c
wWesbIo
OMMCaHHA
peyeBbIX
H3MeHeHHI
B
peasIbHOM BpeMeHH),
TaK
Kak
Tpe6o-
BaJuCh
JAHHbIC
JIA
WIIFOCTpalHH
ASbIKOBBIX
CMeLIeHHi
H
H3MeHeHHH
B
BUTHMOM
BpeMeHH,
T.e.
IO
BO3pacTHBIM
pynmaM
HaceeHua
(JlaGos,
1975
6,
c.
203).
Hoc o-
BePHOCTb,
KaK
WH
yCTOIYMBOCTS,
YHOBMeTBOPAeTCA
HaIM4YHeM
MaTepHalbHOi
duK-
Calli
TepBHYHbIX
COUMOJHHTBACTHYCCKHX
JaHHBIX
(3aNHCH
HHTepBbIO
Ha
Ma HuT-
HOM
JleHTe,
aHKeTHBIe
JIMCTSI,
CNeKTpo paMmbl).
PempeseHTaTHBHOCTb
xXapakTepH-
3yeTca
TeM
apeasioM,
Ha
KoTOpbIi
Mo yT
G6bITb
pac poc paHeHbi
MoyyeHHEIe
pesyibTaTE
uccueqoBanus.
B
wenom
TpeOoBaHHa
Zoc oBepHocTH,
ycToi unBocTu
H
pelpe3eHTaTMBHOCTH
YOBNeETBOpAIOTCA
NOcpeCTBOM
OCyLIeCTBIeHHS
He-
CMeUIeHHO
AocTaTOuHOH
BEIOOPKH
MU
KOppeKTHBIM
MpoBeseHHeM
MoNeBBIX
pa-
OoT
MpH
ycHOBUH
NosyYeHNA
MaHHbIX
NYTeM
MpHMeHeHHA
UeNo o
pasa
MeTOAOB
c6opa
Ma epnana.
Bo
u36exaH e
cmMemleHia
Ip
oT6ope
HH(bopMaHTOB
OcyulecT-
BIANAach
Ciyyalinad
BLIGCOPKa
Ha
OCHOBE
MOSHOTO
NepeyHA
NOTeHUMANIbHEIX
HHpOp-
MaHTOB,
B
POM
KOTOPO O
BBICTYNMNH
xpaHal ueca
B
apxupe
LICY
JIu CCP
au-
Ke s!
Bceco o3Hoi
mepe ucu
Hacenenus
1970
.
Tlepe eHb
Henb3a
cunTaTS
coBep-
INe€HHO
TIOJIHbIM,
TOTOMY
4TO
KOCBeHHBIe
JaHHble
K
BOIIPOcy
0
MposOMKUTeMbHOCTH
mpox Banus
BT.
BusbH oce
Mo s
ObITh
OGHapyxeHEI
HUB
B
25%,
uMe omluxc
auxe .
[lia
o6ecneyenus
cnyyalinocTu
npu
oT6ope
HAopMaHToB
NpoHyMepoBaH-
ube
Malik
C
aHKeTaMU
OTOupasMcb
B
COOTBETCTBUM
c
TabNMMeM
c yyaiinEIx
ynceN.
Han6onpume
npo6.empl
cBs3aHbI
¢
OObeMoM
BEIOOpKH.
OH
3aBUCHT
OT
H3MeH-
YMBOCTH
XapakTepHCTHK
OObeKTOB
eHepasbHOl
coBOKyNHOCTH
HM
MOxeT
OBITS
MaJsIBIM,
eCJIM
TeHepasibHad
COBOKYNHOCTb
O1M3Ka
K
OmHOpomHOcTH
(PaGouas
kHu a
commoso a,
1976,
c.
259).
B
Ha em
cuyyae
za
Monysenna
BbIGOPKH
BEICO-
66

xoli
penpesenTa TuBHocTu
Tpe6ye ca
BbIGopKa
O4eHS
Gombu o o
OObeMa,
Tak
KaK
w3y4aeMbIii
pe eBoi
KOueKTHB
XapaKTepu3yeTca
OombMOi
HeOAHOPOHOCTSIO.
O
o6bema
sBEIGopkKH
3aBHCHT
HM
CTeneHb
TOYHOCTH
BbIOOpOUHEIX
pesy1bTaTos.
VUcxona
13
monoxenuii,
4To
,,MO¥TH
BCe a
YucNeHHOCTh
BBIOOpKU
AoCTaTO4HO
Benka,
eCAM
B
Heil
coxepxHTCA
Mo
Kpaiiuei
Mepe
30
onemen os“
(BaiiuGep
[x.,
IWymexep
JDx.,
1979,
c.
126),
u o
,,6a30B0e
4ucno
25—30
eqmHul
—
MHHUMYM
py
Maybix
BbIGopKax
(UeaoBek
u
e o
paGo a,
1967,
c.
61),
4TO
,,B
BbICHIeH
cTe-
eH
pe yAPHbIe
THMbl
CTHAMCTHYeCKOH
H
COuMAaNbHOM
CTpaTupukauHA
ycTaHaB-
smmpaloTes
Jaxe
B
TOM
cilywae,
KO aa
Halla
HHIMBHAyanbHad
w yelKa
cosepxKUT
BCe O
MATS
TOBOPALIMX
H
MBI
HMeeM
He
Gomee
4em
mo
5—10
mpuMepos
WaHHOH
nepeMeHHoli
Ha
Kaxao o“
(JIaGop
Y.,
1975
a,
c.
115),
4 o
Bo3MoxHa
BbIOOpKa
B
npenenax
1
<n<50
(Yecuoxos
C.
B.,
1977,
c.
89),
o
,,BbISOpKy
CueAyeT CHHTATS
Majoi
1b
B
c yyae
ecu
Mpa
O6paboTkKe
MeTOAaMH,
OCHOBaHHBIMH
Ha
TpyiilH-
poske
HaGsiogenHil,
HeNb34
HOCTH4b
3a aHHBIX
TOYHOCTeH
H
oc osepHocTu*
(Fackapos
J].
B.,
Wlanosanos
B.
U., 1977,
c.
19),
B
kKoHedHOM
C¥eTe
MbI
ONpes e-
swnu
o6bem
sBbiGopKH
gia
uccnegosanua
JIPKJIB
—
m0
25
wucopmaHToB
13
‘Tpex
Bo3pacTHbix
pymm
(N=75).
Mocne
o6pa6o Ku
nepBH4HOH
COmMMOMETBHCTH-
yeckoi
HHOpMallMH
B
ACTICKTe
penpeseHTaTHBHOCTH
HHOpMaHTOB
OCHOBHOM
Mac-
cup
ux
coc asuau
15
mpenc apu enei
c apu eli,
19
—
cpenuei
u
26
—
Mnammei
BO3PACTHBIX
Tpyin,
a
Takxe
9
HHopMaHTOB
—
AHKTOpOB
payHO
H
AKTEpOB
Te-
aTpa.
Tak
Kak
OObeKTOM
HCCHeAOBaHHA
B
HepBy!O
OYepedb
ABIANHCh
JIMHTBUCTHYEC-
Ke
CAMHMLbI
—
BapHAHTH!
NPOMSHOMEHHS,
CieOBa0
ONpeseIAT
M
MHHUMAJIbHBIL
OGbeM
TeKCTOB,
Ha
OCHOBe
KOTOPBIX
AOWKHBI
ObIM
3akMIOYATECA
BEIBOALI.
Beab
adbeKTHBHOCTh
M
KOPPEKTHOCTb
MCHOMb30BaHHA
MeTOAOB
MaTeMaTH¥ecKol
cTa-
TVCTHKM
B
COMMOSMHTBHCTHYECKHX
HCCJIe{OBAHHAX
3ABHCHT
OT
CTaOHJbHOCTH
4ac-
TOT
H
OAHOPOMHOCTH
CpaBHHTeJbHBIX
coBOKyMHOcTeii.
,,CyllecTBeHHbIe
H3MeHe-
HS
YACTOT
HH
MaTeMaTHYeCKUX
O*RMAAHH
MO3BONMIOT
NpeAMoNa aTh
Wepexod
K
TeKcTam
Apy o o
Tuna“
(Aky6aii uc
T.
A.,
Cknapesus
A.
H.,
1978,
c.
60).
B
ca13H
é
©
RaHHBIM
MOsOKeHHEM
OTKMOHAeTCA
MocTyaT
O
He3aBHCHMOCTH
TOsABJIeHHA
SRbIKOBLIX
eMHHMH
(TAM
xe,
c.
55;
cp.
B
kH.:
Ce am
J.
M.,
1972,
c.
7).
C a uc u-
YecKHe
COBOKYHHOCTH
CHYHTAIOTCA
OMHOPOAHbIMH,
CCIM
COBMAa,alOT
OCHOBHBIC
napaMeTpbI
BYX
MPOMSBONbHBIX
BbIGOPOK
H3
eHepasbHOH
coBoKynHocTH.
Le-
slecooOpa3HbIM
OKa3a0cb
pa3O eHHe
COBOKYMHOCTH
CoOMpaeMbIX
COINMOAMHTBHC-
THYECKHX
JIAHHBIX,
PACCMATPUBAeMBIX
C
JMHTBUCTHYECKOM
TOYKH
3peHHA,
Ha
TPH
COBOKYMHOCTH,
OGbeAHHACMBIX
TO
MIPH3HaKy
cTHNa
(cp.
MoMOxKeHHA
B
KH.?
C pykK-
TYpHO-BepOATHOCTHBIT
aHaH3
A3bIKa
HO
ManHbIM
pew,
1979;
Uccneqosanns
cponeTu4eckux
ocoGeHHocTeii
peyesbix
cTuseli,
1979).
B
HacTosem
ucciHeOBaHHM
YYHTHIBAIOTCA
TPH
KOHTeCKCTYA@JIBHBIX
CTHJIA,
pac-
CMaTpHBaeMbIe
Kak
CABHT
HeKOTOPbIX
COLMMOMMHTBUCTHYCCKUX
HepeMeHHBIX
B
ped
unopMaHTOB
Tp
H3MCHEHHM
COMMaJbHO O
KOHTeKcTa
HW
TeMbi
(cp.:
JlaGos
Y.,
1975
6,
c.
199-220).
Beneg
3a
Y.
JlaSoBbIM
OCHOBHBIM
KpHTepHeM
B
pas inueHHH
-KOHTCKCTYAJIbHBIX
CTHJel
apTop
HacTos leli
paOoTbI
CHHTaeT
CTeMeHb
BHHMAHUS,
"
¢
KOTOpoi
opopsuMi
OTHOCHTCH
K
pew,
C eneHb
BHUMAHHs
K
coOcTBeHHOii
pew
oF
67
3aBHCHT
HE
TOJIbKO
OT
CO3HATEUBHOFO
CAMOKOHTPOIA
FOBOpPAMe o,
HO
H
OT
HWeNO O:
pila
COMMOMO MYeCKMX,
MCHXONOTMYeCKHX
HM
MPyFHX
9KCTpasHH BUCTHYecKHX
@ax opos.
Yc aHoByeHo,
¥TO,
HaMp.,
..B
COCTOSHHM
IMONMOHATbHOI
HalpsoKeH-
HOCTH
BO3HUKAIOT
CyIIeCTBEHHbI€
CHBHTH
B
OCYIIeCTBIeHMM
TeX
peYeBbIX
oMepa-
unl,
KOTopbie
TpeOy!0T
cO3HaTeIbHOTO
KOHTPOJA
3a
KaYeCTBOM
ux
peasm3ann
(Hoceuxo
9.
JI.,
1979,
c.
16),
a
Beh
CAMO
IMOMMOHAIbHOE
COCTOSHHe
3aBHCHT
U
OT
comMambHow
cu Tyanmu.
Tapame pamMu
coumambHoii
cu TyalMM
B
colmMonHH -
BHCTHKE
CYHTAIOTCA
OTHOMICHHA
Mey
KOMMYHUKAaHTaMH,
OOcTaHOBKa
peyeso o
akTa,
KOMMYHHKaTHBHad
ycTaHoBKa
u
Ap.
(cp.
B
KH.:
[seiiyep
A.
J.,
Huxoms-
cxuii
JI.
B.,
1978,
c.
66).
B
nocuegqHee
Bpems
B
CONMONHHTBHCTHKe
MpHHATO
cuc emy
oT60pa
S3bIKOBBIX
CpeJCTB
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
COLMaJIbHOl
CHTyalHH
MOABORHTb
nog
TepMun
,,pe uc p™
( am
xe,
c.
75).
OGb iHo
BbIMensOTCA
Tpu
pe ucTpa:
He-
obulmanbubiii,
HeliTpaibubiii,
odulManbuB ii,
HHO Ma
OHM
OOO3HAYAIOTCA
Kak
pe
KpaHHUuxX
TOYKH
Ha
INKale
CHTYaTHBHBIX
NpH3HakoB
—
HeOpuuMabHBIi
HM
Odu-
WHaJIbHbIi
(CM.
B
KH.:
Pycckas
pas opopHas
peu,
1973,
c.
9-11).
Tipu
uccueqopanun
KOHTeKcTyanbHEIX
cTHei
PeeBaHTHEIMH
CYHTAaWTCH
PONEBbIE
OTHOMCHHA
Mex
Ay
KOMMYHUKaHTaMH,
UX
CTaTyc,
O6cTaHOBKa
KOMMYHH-
KaTHBHOTO
akTa.
B
u3yyeHun
JIPKJIB
Ha
ocHOBHOM
93Tane
cOopa
sMmupHueckHxX
AaHHBIX
POJeBbIe
OTHOMIEHHA
Mex
Ly
HHTEPBbIOEPOM
MH
MHTEPBbIOMPYEMBIM
MOXxXHO
PaccMaTpHBaTb
Kak
NONyOpuIMAIbHBIe
OTHOWICHHA
He3HaKOMBIX
Joel,
Gece-
Ay oulux
Ha
Je kue
OplToBbie
Temp.
OTHOWeHHT
.HHTepBbWep
—
HHTepBbIouipye-
Mblii*
paccMaTpuBaloTca
Kak
CTaHapTHble
(ONMHaKOBBIe
CO
BCeMU
MHTepBbIoH-
PY€MBIMH
JIMWaMH), XOTA
Ha
CaMOM
Ji e,
eCTeCTReEHHO,
OHM
OKa3aJIUCh
OTHOCH=
TeIbHO
pa3HbIMH.
OGcTaHoBka
KOMMYHHKaTHBHOTO
akTa
BCex
HHTepBbIO
TakxKe
Oba
CTaHAapTHs0BaHHOl:
Bce
GecemsI
NpoBOnHAUCch
oma
y
WHTepBbIOupyeMBIX
(a
ckIo"eHHeM
aKTepos
uM
MMKTOpoB
pazHo,
HHTepBbIO
C
KOTOPbIMH
TIpoBozU-
JIMCb
Ha
ux
pabounx
MecTax).
.
C
nomou pio
c aHgapTu3sauun
wu,
TouHee,
s1mMuHaNUN
Hpu3Hakos
o6cTa-
“HOBKH,
cTa yca
u
Powei
KOMMyHMKaHTOB,
pa3sIMYHA
KOHTeKCTyaNBHBIX
c uel
oOecnewmBanuch
ocpexcTBoM
mpuMeHeHUad
OTHOCHTeENbHO
AMHIBUCTHYeCKHX
KPHTepeB
—
MeHBI
TEMbI
HW
XapakTepa
Tekc a.
B
uccneqosanuu
JIPKJIB
pa3sin-
“ash
TPH
KOHTeKCTYyasIbHBIX
CTHIA:
1)
HeoduuHabHBIi
HeHalipaByeHHbii
(ocy-
MICCTBIAICA
B
BHUe
paccka3za
o
cebe
u
pas oBopa
c
HHTepBb Oepom);
2)
ouuuan-
HbI
HeHallpaB eHHEI
(ocylec B asIcH
BO
BpeMA
4TeHHA
CTaHapTHO O
cBsx3HO O
TeKCTa,
B
KOTOPOM
MOApOcTOK
paccka3bIBaeT
0
CBOHX
IIPHKNIOYeHHAX
nlepexu-
BaHuax);
3)
ocbuumanbHEii
HanpaBnenus i
(ocymiecTBAasIcH
BO
Bpema
UTeHHS
c uc-
ka
20
MMHMMabHBIX
Wap
cyoR)
(cM.
mpuu.
1),
2.
Me ogs
cOopa
connonmu suc uyeckoli
uHopMauun
o
JIPKJIB.
B
uccneqosanun
JIPKJIB
conmonma suc uueckas
uopmMauna
coOupanacs
pa-
HOM
MeTOZOB.
STO
nosBoMIO
MpoBepaTE
ee
Ka eCTBO,
ajleKBaTHOCTb
u
pemnpe-
SeHTATMBHOCTb
elle
Ha
NepBOM
9Tane
OOpaGo Ku.
B
xkauec Be
ocHoBHo o
me oza
cOopa
coumommu suc Hueckoi
mHdopMaunn
o
JIPKJIB
651
mpuaaT
me on
Tou
ycTawAapTH30BaHHOTO
HHTepBbIOupOBaHHA
a
(cp.
NoHsTHe
cTaHjapTu30BaHHo o
uHTepBbIo
y
Monnnoi
M.
JL,
1974,
c.
40—83
}e
68
C apusloch
HeCKOsbKO
3a a4:
1)
ycTaHOBHTb
bakTSI
pew
u3y4aeMO O
KOJNEKTH-
Ba
B
OMpe/leeHHbIX
CONMMONMHTBACTHYCCKHX
YCIOBMAX;
TaKMM
O6pa30M,
BeCb
Ma-
TepHall
MHTepBbIOMPOBaHUA
ABHJICA
TOKYMeHTOM
Jd
HasbHei we o
aHasM3a;
2)
Bbi-
ACHHTb
OTHOUCHHE
MCIIbITYeMbIX
K
HOPMaTHBHOCTH
COOCTBeHHOM
pew
HK
pedi
Tpexc apu enei
HOpMaTHBHOM
pew
(qHKTOpOB
paqMo
u
TeeBUyeHHA,
aKTepoB
Apam ea pos);
3)
ycTaHOBHTb
MHeHHe
0
HaIM4HM
UNM
OTCYTCTBAM
BHJIbHIOCCKO O
pe eBo o
KOJWIeKTHBA
CO
CBOHMM
HOpMaMM
ped
(cloda
OTHOCHJIMCh
BONpOcbI
Tuna
.,Y3HaeTe
JIM
BEI
BUJIbHIOCIIa
TOAbKO
Ha
OCcHOBe
OcoOeHHocTeli
e o
pey?“,
»lIpu3Han
14
KTO-HuOyap
8
Bac
xuTena
.
BambHioca,
ccbiiaacb
Ha
Ba y
peyb?*
H
Ap.);
4)
BbIACHHTh
HeKOTOpbiIe
BONpOCEI
(PyHKUMOHMpOBAHHA
COMMAasbHO-KOMMY-
HMKaTHBHBIX
CHCT€M,
B
4aCTHOCTH,
BOMpoce
GHIMHTBH3Ma
(MOJMMHHTBH3Ma)
WM
ABIIOCCHH,
ONpeAenuTS
cchepbi
UcHoOMb30BaHHA
pyccKO O
(B
HEKOTOPBIX
cay4asx
WM
MOUbCKOFO)
A3bIKA
HW
AHaNeKTOB
JHTOBCKOTO,
YTOYHUTS
CTeMeHb
BuaweHu
Apy-
THMH
A3bIKaMM
M
WMasieKTaMu,
BbIACHHT
cmocoOb
H
BpeMa
OBNaeHHaA
HMu
(cM.
npan.
2).
B
wac osilei
c aTse
MpHBOAATCH
HeKOTOPBIe
pe3yNbTATHI
pelleHHa
nepsow
M
OTYaCTH
BTOpOli
3aa4,
MOITOMy
AaeTca
OMMCaHHe
MMUIb
HEKOTOpBIX
MeTowoB
cOopa
MaTepuaua.
Viu eppbio
Ha3BaHO
MONYCTaHapTu30BaHHBIM
H3
Tex
cooOpaxeHui ,
4To,
B
CYWIHOCTH,
KaxOMy
HHTepBbIOMpyeMoMy
3a laBasiicb
Te
«xe
BOMpocBI
(cM.
upu. .
2),
HO
BOMPOCI
HECKONbKO
MOAMAUMpOBasIHCh
IPHMeHHTeIbHO
K
KaxK
OMY
3
MHTepPhIOMpyeMBIX
C
yYeTOM
eFO
BO3MOXHOCTel
H
CNOCOOHOCTH
ZaTb
OTBeT.
TIpo omxku esbHOcTh
uHTepBbIo
—
20—30
Muu.
Xo
uwHTepBbIO
c
He3Ha4H-
TeNbHBIMA
H3MeHeHHAMH
OBL
ceqy ouuM.
Tlomyyus
co macue
co6eceqHuka,
MHTeEpBbOep
YTOYHAT
FO
e o
POKAeCHHA,
HABOMHI
ClIpaBKH
O
AMasIeKTHOM
MpoHc-
XOx%KAeHHH
e o
powuTesei.
O seTsI
Ha
TaHHBIe
BOMpOcsI
OOBMHO
ObIBaIM
KpaTKUMH.
Alia
MpOBOWMpOBaHUA
PaccKa30B
HHTePBbIOMPYeMBIX,
4TOOKI
yCMbIMaTb
MX
CIOH-
TaHHY!O
CBASHYIO
pedb,
SazaBauch
Bompocs
o6
AX
MyTeecTBHAX,
Moe3qKax
B
POwHbIe
TepesHu
OTHOB
H
MaTepeii,
06
o nycxe
/
cp.
npumMeneHHEi
Y.
JlaGosnim
(1975Sa,
c.
121—122)
Bompoc
o
,,cmep eabHoi
onacHocTu“,
KoTOpoi
nogBep azca
ompaumpaempiii/.
3yecb
HaOmogalca
ecTecTBeHHBIi
CQBA
KOHTeKCTyambHO O
CTHIA
B
CTOpoHY
HeouuManbHocTH,
cnoHTaHHOcTH.
Tlocne
5—10
Mun
paccKa3a
CHeoBal
NONYTHBI
BOMpOc
HHTepBbIOMPyeMOMy:
y3HA
JM
KTO-HHOyab
e o
BO
BPeMA
OMMCbIBaeMOM
MOe3—0KH
Kak %*KHTeIA
T .
Bunbu oca.
Jlanee
spiacusanocs
co6c-
TBCHHO€
MHEHHE
WHTepBbIOMpPyeMO O
OTHOCHTeNSHO
CHeuM*pHKH
BHJIBHIOCCKOI
peyH,
3a{aBasch
BOMpocs!
06
OTHOMeHHH
ONpaliMBaeMo o
K
MpaBHIbHOCTH
co6c-
TBEHHOM
pei,
K
pew
AMKTOPOB
H
aKTepoB,
K
OOY4eHHIO
AMTOBCKOI
pew
B
OOMIe-
o6pazoBaTesbHBIX
WkONAaX.
3aTeM
MpeAa anocb
MpOyMTaTb
BCAYX
CBA3HOM
TeKCT
o6bemom
B
1800
me4.
3H.
—
paccka3
MOApocTKa
O
CBOMX
MpHKO4eHHAX
BO
ABOpe
(cm.
mpuu .
1,
exc
No
1)
(cp.:
Jla6os
Y.,
1975a,
c.
124),
a
B
3aKmo¥eHHe
—
c HCOK,
cocTaBieHHbIi
43
20
MHHUMaNbHBIX
Nap
cu0B
(cM,
upua.
1,
Texc
Ne
2)
(cp.
Tam
xe),
Oonbllad
YacTb
KOTOPBIX
yx
CONepKalacb
B
CBA3HOM
TeKCTe,
HO
HHTepBBIOH-
PYeMBIM
He
Mo ia
6biTs
OOHapyxena.
Tlocne
9To o
BBIACHANHCb
HeKOTOpBIe
Mpo-
Oneme
OunuH BH3Ma
(MOAHIMHTBH3Ma)
H
Qu noccum.
B
pe3ynbTaTe
HHTepBBIO
BbINCIAIMCh
TPM
YKA3aHHEIX
KOHTCKCTY@/IbHBIX
CTH.
69
VWu epspiouposan e
ononHaioch
MeTOwOM
akKkeTHpoBanus.
Kaxjomy
onpammBaeMomy
mpeyia ayioch
3anouHHTb
aHkeTy
(CM.
MpHJ.
3),
BKIOYaBLIYIO
55
Bonpocos
Ha
TeMy
IpOH3HOWeHHA
HW
akKIeHTyalHM,
MOCTpOeHHEIX
NO
MpHHUH-
ny
aubTepHaTuBbl.
:
Tpe uii
B
Hameii
pabo e
MeTox
—
ayauoTecTupoBaHHe.
C
e o
TOMOLIbIO
M3y-
yallach
JMIb
o Ha
ocoGexHocTs
JIPKJIB
—
mpo6nema
peanu3alMmM
onno3MHAn
ONTHX
W
KpaTKHX
TiacHbIX
B
pa3sIMYAbIX
PoHKeTHecKHX
TosHMAX.
Uccnenyemb i
Ma epuan
—
58
MHHHMaJbHEIX
Nap caoB
(cm.
pug.
4.1)
—
Spin
pa3s6uT
Ha
6
TH-
OB
OMOHHMOB
co sacHo
cilenyouwiM
KpuTepHam:
1)
MpoHCXoxAeHHe
TIaCHbIX,
COCTOSIIMX
B
ONNO3HNHH;
2)
HanH4une
(OTCyTCTBHe)
yQapeHus
Ha
H3y4aeMBIX
Tyiac-
HBIX.
Tak
Kak
npakTuka
ayqMoTecTupoBaHHa
(cM.
0630p
HTepa ypbi
B
auc.
Tapu-
Bb
K.,
1977)
noka3ana,
¥TO
BO
BpeMs
ONHOFO
ceaHca
ayHOTeCTHpOBaHuA
yo6-
Hee
BCe O
H3y¥aTb
peanH3auMio
4—5
MHHUMAJbHBIX
Map,
BeCb
MaCCHB
Hccyesye-
MBIX
Hap
Opi
pa3s6uT
ene
Ha
13
pynm,
cuoBa
B
KOTOpbIX
OGbEMHHAIHC
HE
TOJIBKO
co macHoO
JBYM
BbIllleyka3aHHbIM
KPHTepHAM,
HO
H
TO
MOpiouo MyecKUM
UpH3-
HakaM.
XOX
H
MeTOMHKa
ayqMoTecTHpoBanua
Opin
OOp unbIMn
(cM.
Gi denis
A.,
1981,
p.
33-35).
ToT
xe
JIMHIBHCTHYeCKHii
MaTepHan,
T.e.
58
MHHHMaJIbHBIX
Tap
c0B,
GbUT
HCCHie¢HOBaH
MeTOOM
cHeKTpawbHO O
aHamH3a
3ByKoB.
Ha
waHHOM
93Ta e
peusa-
wach
3aada
—
yCTaHOBHTL
MpOONKHTeNbHOCTE
( )
HM
4YaCTOTY
OCHOBHBIX
bop-
Man
(F,
4
F,)
w3y¥aeMbix
3ByKOB
C
UeNbIO
OOHapyxeHHA
(bu3M4ecKHX
MoKazaTe-
Jlei
H3MeHeHHI
B
MpOMsHOUIeHHH.
116
w3y4¥aempIx
3ByKOB
cozepxXannch
B
116
npeqoKeHUAX,
PacnoNOx*KeHHbIX
B
COOTBETCTBHH
Cc
TaOmMUel
cnyyainEx
undp.
Monyyens
464
peann3annu
w3y4ae-
MBIX
3BYKOB,
Tak
KaK
TeKCT
MpownTamm
4
qux opa.
TuK opamu
6nI0H
MyX4HHBI
(C.
K.,
0.
K.,
P.
TL.
#
A.
VW.)
B
pospac e
22—25
ne ,
o seya onme
o6mmM
Tpebo-
BaHHSM,
MIpebABISeMbIM
HH@OpMaHTaM
B
HacTosllemM
uccnenoBanun.
Llens
uc-
cieqOBaHUA
UM
Oba
Heu3BecTHa.
OTHOCHTeBHO
pe uc pa
u
TeMOpa
onoca
y
Tpo-
uX
H3
HHX
Obi
GapuToH,
y
o HO O
—
TeHop.
Heiex os
pewn
He
oOHapyxeHO.
3al ich
Bewlacb
B
ampene
1974
.
B
KaOwHe
ayzuOBH3yanbHO
nadopaTopun
Busbu occko o
TocyapcTBeHHo o
yHMBepcHTeTa
Ha
Ma HUTOdoHe
,,TemGp*
co
ckopocTb®
19,5
M/mMuH
npu
HOMO
KoHeHcaTopHo o
MuKpodboua
19A-3
Ha
(beppoMa HHTHOH
JeHTe
Tuna
6
(NOMpoGHee
O
TaHHO!
MeToguKe
cM.:
S a ke-
iciené
J.,
1972).
Ypone b
3anncu
219
KaxO o
WMKTOpa
ycTaHaBsIMBasICA
OTIENBHO
%
B
Mpouecce
paboTbl
annapa ypsi
He
U3MeHaNcs.
M3
nonyyenHo o
MaTepwana
BBIPe€3aIMCh
H
MOHTMPOBAIHCh
COBa
C
peawM3alieli
M3y4YAeMBIX
3BYKOB
(TeXHH-
yeckyio
paOoTy
BbInowHHna
c .
na6opaHT
Jladopa opuu
sKcnepuMeHTamBHoi
done uxu
BIY
B.
Jlaxene).
Jlanee
dono pammei
o6paGaTbiBanuch
Ha
cnekTpo-
pade
una
KIIM-69
(e
Toi
xe
na6opa opum)
co
ckopocTbIo
ABWKeHUA
MeHTBI
63,6
MM/c,
OTMeTKM
BpeMeHH
NpousBoquINcb
KaxnpIe
20
mc
(50
Pn)
(TexHHYecKy1o
paOoTy
BEITONHHAH
MHXxKeHEpEI
Toi
xKe
Nabopa opuu
TT.
Ma eiikuc,
A.
JImnei ka
u
C.
Kyyac).
3.
MeTonbI
aHa H3a
COUMOTMHTBUCTHYECKOK
HHpOpMalHH
oO
JIPKJIB.
B
wac omuei
pa6o e
aa
uccneqopanua
ma epnana,
mouyYeHHO O
70
(mn eppan
30—82);
no
nMHuH
MaTepu
x,
1=24
(mHTepBan
11-53),
X4,11=
22,6
(wn eppan
20,57
—
63,8),
X4,11=75
(an eppax
47—78).
Jannbie
noKasaTeTH
MOXKHO
OObACHHT
HaJIM4HeM
pesHKTOB
%KeMai TcKOii
PeMyKUMH
KOHEYHBIX
OJTUX
TaCHbIX
B
HeyJapHoi
NMO3HuMM,
MMe OLleli,
OMHAKO,
ONpeneeHHy!0
cneum@uky
(CM.
B
KH.:
Zinke idius
Z.,
1966,
p.
115—118).
B
6-ii
quanexTHOw
pynne.
pesybTaTbl
KoTOpo i
He
OKA3aJIMCb
CTATHCTMYECKH
PeJIeBAHTHBIMH,
Take
MOAHO
NPOCIeAHTb
HEKOTOpbIc
PeNMKTLI
YKOpayMBAaHMA
OKOHYAaHHIi,
XapaKTepHbIe
ANA
MaHeBeACKOTO
AMaseKTA
(Zinke i ius
Z.,
1966,
p.
119-120).
Pesynb a e
3,
5
u
7-i1
pynm
dalle
Bce o
OKa~
3bIBAaIOTCA
B
CepesHHe
MHTepBasia
CpeqHMX
YaCTOT,
XOT#
NoKkasaTeH
3-i
um
7-H
aWaseKTHBIX
pym
upHOswxKaloTca
K
NoKa3aTeIAM
pynh,
KOTOPbIM
cBoiicTBeH-
HBI
KpaTKue
BapHaHTbI
W3y4aeMoi
NepeMeHHOli
(3-2
Tpynia
—
HeTH
BMJIbHIOCHEB
Hw
KayHacueB,
7-1 —
TeTH
ypoxeHIleB
TeppHTOPHH
BHJIbHIOCCKOTO
wasiex a).
VWu epecho
OTMeTHTb,
4TO
XOTA
TPM
CTYMeHH
HOMTOTS!
H
NpHCyllM
HeEKOTOPbIM
aManekTaM,
B
HACTOAIIeM
HcCIeMOBaHUM
OULYTHMBIX
peHKTOB
OOHApyXKUTb
He
yAasoce.
Pes omupya
aHaiM3
BO3MOXHOTO
BIHAHHA
uaJIeKTHOTO
MpPOMCXOKACHHA
pomuTene,
MOXHO
OTMETHTb,
4TO
OMpeseneHHoe
BIHAHHe
OOHApyeHO;
TAK,
B
YacTHocTH:
1)
HaHGomee
YeTKO
BbIJeMAeTCA
peyb
HHOPpMaHTOB,
POAMTEM
KO-
TOPIX
ABIIAIOTCA
YPOXKCHUAMH
TEPPATOPHH
WHaNeKTOB
1OXKHIX
MH
3aWaHHbIX
AYKUI-
Tai os,
—
WIA
Hee
B
MeHbileii
c eleHH
XapakTepHO
yKOpa¥MBaHHe
OJTHX
KO-
HeYHBIX
HeyJapHBbIX
TacHbix;
2)
HamMyHe
B
POMHTebCKHX
AMaSeKTAaX
(Hamp.,
%KeMaliTCKHX,
WaHeBeXCKOM
H
Jp.)
HEKOTOPbIX
3aKOHOMepHOCTel
yKopayMBaHHa
HeyapHbIX
OKOHYAaHH
clocoOcTByeT
YcHJIeHHIO
TeHIeHUMM
YKOpayHBaHHA
HOJITHX
TacHbIX
B
HeyapHOM
KOHIle
cloBa,
HMe OUleli
MecTO
B
JIPKJIB.
Jlo
wac osme o
BpeMeHH
B
HallleM
HcCweMOBaHHH
H3y4aOch
BapbHpoBaHHe
COMMOJMHTBUCTHYeCKON
MepeMeHHOi
(HeyZ.
V ),
paceMaTpuBasicb
e o
McTOYHH-
KH
H
HECKONbKO
MeHbIe
BHUMAHMA
OTBOUMIIOCh
MecTy
NaHHOii
Bapwalau
B
JIMHT—
BuCTHYecKoi
cuc eme
JIPKJIB
B
uenom.
Tlos omy
HMxKe
IpMBOAsTCA
MaTepHasib
ayMMOTeCTHPOBaHHA
M
CIeKTpaNbHOTO
aHaW3a
3BYKOB,
MPOBEACHHbIX
B
PaMKaX
MeTOXOB
TpasHiMOHHOM
sKcnepHMeHTabHO!
doneTHKu.
TlockoubKy
eAMHCTBeH-
HBIM
9KCHepHMeHTaIbHBIM
MeTOHOM
(OHOJOTHH
ABUIAeTCA
ay uOTeECTHpOBAHHe
(Gi denis
A.,
1981,
p.
14),
To
pesymbTaTbI,
HOObITHIE
MeTOJOM
CHeKTpasbHO o
aHa~
W348
3BYKOB,
3/lecb
pacCMaTpHBaloTcd
Kak
BCHOMO aTeMbHbIc
pH
OObACHEHMM
pe3ybTaTOB
ay{WHOTecTMpOBaHHA.
Me oylom
ayiMoTecTHpoBanusa
HCCHeHOBasIcaA
MaTepHasl,
NpHBeAeHHbI
B
T.H-
TIONHOM
cTHe,
T.e.
Ge3
y4eTa
KOHTeKCTyaJIbHbIX
cTuei.
Tposezeno
8
9KclepuMeH-
TOB,
B
KOTOPBIX
W3y4asIach
i
B
Hey apHoi
MO3HIHH
B
AOCOMIOTHOM
KOHHe
CJIOBa.
Ma epuan
oxcnepuMen os
ayano ec uposanua
Ne
5—9,
11, 12
m
o sac u
13
COCTaBUIM
KBa3HOMOHHMBI,
pa3iMualoll ecd
HaJIMYHeM
BbILeyKa3aHHOM
Ommlo-
3HUHH.
B
9xcnepumen ax
Ne
5—8
paccMaTpHBasiHcb
KBa3HOMOHMMbI
C
onnosuuuei
i/ :
5)
mi i
—
mi i;
y i
—
y i,
skil i
—
skil i,
ka i
—
ka i,
skys i
—
skps i;
6)
ké ys
—
ka is,
dn ys
—
dn is,
mén ys
—
mén is,
pdl ys
—
pdl is,
kdndys
—
kdndis;
7)
pasibaigusi
—
pasibaigusi,
pylusj
—
pylusi,
daindwusj
—
daind usi,
FF

s a sciusi
—
s a sciusi,
sukai usj
—
sukai usi,
8)
asd y
—
qsé i!,
Sal y
—
Sal i!,
médy
—
médi!,
iosy
—
dosi!).
Tipu
o6pabo ke
aanHpix
ayMHOTecTHpoBakHA
nomyyeHa
BeposTHocTb,
papHax
0,95—0,999,
u o
onnosHiuna
VIV
cyuecTByeT.
‘CnexTpasbHbiii
aHaw3
3BYKOB
MOKa3aJl,
4YTO
KOJIMYECTBCHHBIX
pa3zHuHii
B
pea-
JIM3aluH
aHHoii
onmosHuNu
He
HabmogaeTcs,
aOcomoTHad
mposojKHTesIb-
HOCTb
H3yYaeMBIX
3BYKOB
pa3JIM4aeTCA
He3HayHTesbHO:
X;=40
mc;
jy;
=38
Mc;
_
$g=13;
sy=21,
ak kak
=0,67>1,98
(P=95%).
[posenenueii
ananu3
Kaye-
CTBeHHBIX
pa3H4nii
TaHHOH
ONMO3HUMH
NOATBEPAM
HaNM4 e
ONpeAeeHHbIX
pa3-
JMU
B
HanpsaxKeHHOCTH
3ByKOB.
[loacue
cymMMapHo o
o ksoHeHua
A
(bopMaHT
F,
u
F, o
dopman
xeii panbuo o
aacuo o
[ex]
dan
c exy oume
pe3ynbTa hl:
(ZAF;|=260))
—
(ZAF;=|210))
=|50.
B
oxcnepumen e
Ne
9
u3yyasacb
onnosnuua
é/é,
ocyulecTBeHHasx
B
(opMax
é-OCHOBHBIX
HMeH
CYLJeCTBUTCIbHBIX
e .
4.
TB.
H
BAH.
11.
( e e
—
e ,
silke
—
silk®,
Iéle
—
1él'@,
dukle
—
dukle,
bjau jbe
—
bjau $be).
Moxcue si
apudme-
THYeCKUX
CpeqHUX
aScOMOTHOM
MpOMOMKUTeNbHOCTH
peamH3auHM
AaHHOi
on-
NOSHIIMH
MOKa3asIH,
4TO
T.H.
KPATKHii
yiacnBii
oTAMYaeTCA
OObUIel
NpOZOmKH-
TeJIbHOCTbIO,
YeM
T.H.
Hom uli:
Xs=59
Mc,
a
Yg=64
mc,
Se=27; sy=24;
=0,59<
<
2,04
(P=95
%).
Ananu3
KayecTBeHHOM
CTOpOHbI
H3y4aeMbIX
3ByKOB
(M3MepeHHe
«popmau
F,
u
F,)
BbiaBu
daxT,
4TO
pa3IM4Hii
B
HallpaxeHHOcTH
é
M
&
He
CyulecT-
ByeT:
XZ
A z=|280|
==
A
s=|280].
B
akcnepumen e
No
11
n3y4anacb
onmo3nuua
G/d
B
bopMax
a-OCHOBHBIX
HMeH
IpHa aTesbHBIX
H
O-OCHOBHBIX
HMEH
CYILICCTBHTeJbHBIX
B
HM.,
BUH.
H
TB.
I.
eu.
4.
{képqa
—
képa,
ipa
—
ipa,
duong
—
diona,
kidu a
—
kidu a,
1é q
—
I6 a).
TIpH
aywo Tec uposaHum
oOsyYeHa
BepOATHOCTb
CyIlecTBOBaHMA
oOnTO3HKH,
papnas
0,99.
Cnex TpambHbli
‘anaiu3
Noka3asI
MHMHUMaJIbHOe
pa3sH4He
a6co-
JHOTHOH
MpoxomKUTeMbHOCTH
d
u
@
(cTAaTHCTHYeCKH
HepeseBaHTHOe):
Xz
=60
Mc;
Jq@=58
Mc;
sg=35;
sy=25;
Tax kak
=0,29<
1,99
(P=95
%).
Kauec Benupie
pa3m-
WHS
CYIMECTBYIOT,
HO
OHH
OTHOCUTeBHO
HeBemMKU:
(LAF;
=
|290|)—
(LAF;
=
|270|)=
=
|20|.
B
sxcnepumen e
No
13
w3yyanuch
2
Napbl
yCHOBHBIX
KBa3HOMOHMMOB
(ciOBa
‘©
ABYMA
onno3Hiuimn).
B
Hux
ocy lecTBAAIMch
onmo3suuun
a/a
u
w/ :
bopme
THa ONOB
H3SbABHT.
HakII.
HACT.
BP.
3
1.
WH
O-OCHOBHBIX
MMeH
cyIleCTBHTeNBHBIX
B
BUH.
H.
ey.
4.
(sdla
—
sdlq,
bdla
—
balq,
d@s u
—
as y,
p akés u
—
p akas y).
Tlony4eHb
pesyIbTaTbi,
anaulo M4uHble
pesybTaTamM
9KcnepuMen a
Ne
11.
B
oxcnepuMen e
Ne
12
usyyanach
onmo3uuma
a/i,
peanu3opannaa
B
dbopmax
a-
%
id-OCHOBHBIX
HMeCH
CYI€CTBUTeIbHBIX
POs.
I.
MH.
4.
MW
TB.
Tl.
ex.
4.
Cnacunie
WH &@
ayAuTOpaMM
pa3zM4auch
C
BeposATHOCTHIO,
paBHoi
0,999.
Cnex panpusii
aHaJIM3
3BYKOB
BbIABHJI,
YTO
CTaTHCTHYeCKM
3HAYMMOe
pa3iMyne
abcomoTHO
TPOMOIMKUTCMBHOCTH
JAHHbIX
[ACHbIX
OTCYTCTByeT:
Xg=70
Mc;
g=56
Mc;
sg=38;
Sy=28;
Tak
kak
=1,48<2,01
(P=95
%).
Ananu3
Kayec sennoi
c opoxsi
omno-
suuun
ii/%
WoKa3an,
4YTO
HallpwMkKeHHee
Npou3HocuTCA
T.H.
UH:
(©
A
a=|240|)
—
(2
A
z
=[290|)
=|50].
,
78
Me osama
9KCHepuMeHTaIbHOK
(oHeTHKM
yHanocb
ycTaHOBHTS
ciesy olllee:
‘CyUeCTBYIOT
JIMIb
MMHMMAaJIbHbIe
KayeCTBeHHbiIe
M
KOMHYECTBEHHbIC
pas/iM4nA
‘TpeX
BapHaHTos
(Heys.
Vi ),
HO
BapnaHTEI
xopomio
pazimyao ca
ayHuTopaMH.
Tlo-suqumomy,
Gosbilylo
poh
M paeT
KOHTeKCT,
JIMHTBUCTHYeCKHe
mipecy mo-
‘SHUN:
B
CBA3HOM
TexKcTe
OcyIecTBsIeHHe
i
MeHee
peJIeBaHTHO,
4eM
B
Ciy4aax
NPOUZHOWeHHA
OTMENbHBIX
COB.
TOT
PakT,
¥TO
aYMMTOPbI
pasHYaIH
COBa
He
co
100
%-Hoii
BepOATHOCTbIO,
MOZXeT
CHY%KHTb
MOKAIATEbCTBOM
cyllecTBOBaHHA
o6we o
mpouecca
HHBeETMpoBaHHA
ViV.
Counonun suc uyeckoe
u3yyenue
JIPKJIB
umeno
ape
CTOpoHbI
—
OObEKTHB-
ny o
u
cyOsex usuy 0.
Jlo
Hac osue o
BpeMeHH
paccMaTpHBasIach
OObEKTHBHAA
cTopoHa
BapbapoBanna
(Heys.
V+).
B
VII
pa3yene
counommH suc uyeckol
aH-
keTbI
(cM.
mpi.
3)
uNcopMaHTam
mpessa anocb
yKa3aTb
COOcTBeHHOe
Mpou3HO-
menue
mepeMeHHoH
(Hey.
V+):
1)
d i
al is
unm
d i
al ys,
2)
d i
an is
unn
d i
an ys,
3)
d i
ausis
unu
d i
ausys
(yKa3bIBa0Ccb,
YTO
9TO
(popMbI
MM.
1.
MH.
4.).
Hac osuie
aHHble
XapakTepH3yloT
WeHHOCTHY!0
OpHeHTalMio,
KoTOpo
mpxzep-
SKMBAIOTCA
YICHbI
BUJIbHIOCCKO O
peyeBO O
KOJIIEKTHBa
B
OTHOMIeHHM
BbIGOpa
(HeyZ.
V ),
HHBIMM
cHOBaMH
—
cCyOBEKTHBHYIO
CTOPOHY
A3bIKa.
Ma epuassi
anke uposanua
(cM.
pyc.
6.1)
cauae embeTBy oT,
4To
13
pec oH-
geu os,
T.e.
18,57%,
yKa3aiM
Ha
MpoM3HOWeHMe
KpaTKUX
BapHaHTOB
(Tpex,
AByX
uM
O HOFO),
8
(11,43
%)
—
Ha
KpaTKoe
NpoM3HOMeHHe
BCeX
TpexX
TIpHMepoB.
Cpeau
undopMaHTos,
ykKa3aBlIMx
Ha
KpaTKui
BapHaHT,
HET
TaKHX,
y
KOTO
PoAH-
Tenu
BeyT
MpOucXoxKAeH e
C
TeppHTOpHA 3allagHoayKWTaiTcKo O
AManeKTAa,
JIMWIb
Y
OAHOTO
MHC*OpMaHTa
OTe
GeLI
C
TeppHTOpHH
1OxKHOAYKUITATCKO O
WHa-
ex a.
Pogu en
AaHHbix
13
pecioOHJeHTOB
B
OCHOBHOM
IIpOMCXOAMIM
C
TeppHTO-
puH
BOcTO“HOAayKUITaiTCKO O
jHaNeKTa,
TopoyoB
BusbHioca
Hu
Kaynaca.
Kak
ToKa3asi
AHCHepCHOHHBI
aHaH3,
ped
MHOPMAHTOB,
POAMTeH
KOTOPbIX
BeYT
cBOe
MPOMCXOxAeHHe
C
TeppUTOPHH
AaHHBIX
AHaNeKTOB,
He
BbIJeAeTCA
Ha
cone
peun
Bcei
copokynHoc H
uHdopmanTos
JIPKJIB,
Ho
c
apy oi
c opoHs ,
No-BHAn-
MOMY,
9Ta
pedb
HM
Hagenena
cBoiic som
JIPKJIB
—
TeHzenuHel
yKopaynBaHna
KOHCYHBIX
JOUTHX
HeYMApHbIX
TIaCHbIX.
Conoc apuTessHbii
a annu3
Ma HHTHBIX
3anmuceii
pew
yKa3saHHEIx
13
undop-
MAHTOB
HM
HX
CyYObEKTHBHBIX
cyx*kKAeHuii,
COMepxalIMXCA
B
OTBeTaX
Ha
BOIIPOCbI
AHKeTBI,
MOKA3aJI,
YTO
B
WeIOM
pedH
BCeX
HX
CBONicTBeEHHO
yKOpayMBaHHe
ZONTUX
HeyapHbIX
THACHLIX
B
KOHeYHO!
MO3HUHH,
HO
B
MeHbUeli
cTeleHH,
4eM
yKa3aHo
Mu
CaMUMH:
YeOBeK
ynoTpeOmaeT
KpaTKHe
BapuMaHTH!
(Heyy.
V4),
Ho
cam
ayMaeT,
‘4To
yoTpeOsseT
HX
Yale,
YeM
9TO
OKA3bIBaeTCH
Ha
Hele.
Coumonua suc wueckas
HopMa
(Heya.
V4 ),
XOTH
M
HaxomuTcs
ele
Ha
3Ta e
‘CTAHOBJICHUA,
YK
HAYMHACT
OCO3HABATECA
MpeCTABUTeNAMH
BHJIbHIOCCKOTO
pe e-
Bo o
KomsexTusa.
B
nogTsep%xAeHMe
MOXHO
MPHBeCTH
OTBETEI
Ha
COLMOJMHTBH-
eTHyecKylo
aHKeTy,
€aTakxe
TOT
dakT,
YTO
npezcTasuTenu
JIPKJIB
npu3xa o :
B
WesIOM
OHV
CKJIOHHbI
K
yKOpayHBaHHlO
MOJITAX
PaCcHbIX.
4.1.2.
Heywapup e
7,
é,
a,
u
B
HEKOHCYHOH
WO3HMHH
B
c OBe.
B
JIMTOBCKOM
JIMTepaTypHOM
A3bIKe
AONTHe
THacHble
MpoMsHOCATCA
ONTO
Hh
Ha-
TpwkKeHHO
HECMOTPA
Ha
MO3HI[MIO
B
CHOBE
H
HAaNMUMe
yapeHua.
79
B
WHTOBCKHX
DHaweKTax
HaOmoRalOTCA
akTbI
Npou3HOoWeHUs
7,
2,
d,
i B
He-
KOHE4HO!
MO3HUMH
B
CIOBe
He
NOX
yHapeHHeM
BMeCcTO
7,
é@,
@,
7
("puMepHO
Ha
4eT-
BepTH
TeppuTopun,
cm.:
Zinke i ius
Z.,
1966,
p.
109—110).
B
Hexo opsix
opopax
aykulTai os
cylilecTByeT
YeTKas
CHCTeMa
OJITOTbI
TaCHbIX
Tpex
cTyneHei,
10-
9TOMY
AouI Me
Hey apHble
acuble
TaM
NepexogsAT
B
NouyMon ue.
Yac e
xemaii-
TOB
TakxKe
yKOpauHBAa OT
JOIIMe
iachble
B
TaHHOM
NO3HNMK,
HO
43-34
CO%KHOCTeI
akUeHTyalM
Takad
3aKOHOMepHOCTh
MpHoOpe aeT
onepenenenHy+o
c enupuKy
(cm.
Tam
xe,
c.
111).
B
ue 0M
mpHMepHoO
Ha
NosOBHHeE
TeppuTopHn
JInTBEI
Zei -
CTByeT
3aKOH
YKOpa4MBaHHA
DOMTHX
HeyapHbIX
PlacHbIX,
B
PasIM4HbIX
TOBOpaX
XapakTepH3ylollniics
paoM
ucKIIOYeHHH
u
ocobeHHOCTeii.
CoumonmH sucTHyeckad
DepeMeHHad
HeyapHbIx
7,
@,
d,
7 B
HeKOHeYHO!
MO3H-
HH
B
cuoBe
(Heyx.
VC)
aBnseTcx
omHOi
3
caMpIX
apKHXx
B
JIPKJIB:
na6s ona-
eTca
o¥TH
BceoOuiee
ymoTpe6ieHHe
KpaTKo o
ee
BapHaHTa.
Tpanauna
(Heyn.
VC)
ylponieHa
Mo
cpaBHeHu oO
c
panauneii
(Heyn.
Vi),
Tak
Kak
pa3uM4¥eHHe
T0-
HyHoON o o
BapHaHTa
OKa3aNOCb
3aTpPyYIHHTeJIbHLIM:
TO
cyliecTBy
ymo pe6ns-
yoTCs
KpaTkHe
H
NosyIOI He
BapHaHTbI,
HO
B
IMiba3e
NONyAOA Me
THacHbIe
Mo yT
ObITh
TIpOH3HeCeHE!
Kak
Tou He.
Hacun bipae es
en
pa
no3nunii,
B
KoTOpEIxX
BcTpeyaeTcs
(Heya.
VC)
:
1) B
a6comFoTHOM
Hayane
cuoBa,
Hamp.:
[i]
mm
[i.]
([i-])
—
[ipa ’ingas]
unm
[i.pa-
Vingas]
..ypa ingas“,
[is’in’es’e-]
um
[i.s’in’e8’e"]
,,isineSé“
(poc .
mpou .
Bp.,
3
11.);
[a]
wan
[a.]
({a"])
—
[aZuol’inas]
wan
[a.Zuol’inas].
.azuolynas*;
[uj]
unm
[u.]
({u'])
—
uk ’ed’is]
uau
[u.k ’ed’is]
.ik ed¥s“;
2)
soll
w
ganee
npexynapHpix
cno ax,
Hanp.:
[i]
um
[i.]
([i-])—[ 'is’ ingimas])
unu
[11.8
ingimas]
.. yz ingumas“,
[n’eis’ib ays’i]
nau
[n’ei.s’ib aus’i]
..neisib ausi*
(6yn.
Bp.
ea.
4.,
I
n.);
[e]
um
[e.]
( e'])
—
[Pes’in’is]
usm
[ ’e.s’in’is]
,, esinys“;
[a]
umm
[a.]
([a*])
—
[saz’in’ingas}
wm
[sa.Z°in’ingas]
..saziningas“:
[u]
um
[u.]
([u'])
—
[kud’ik’€l’is]
umm
[ku.d’ik’é-
Vis]
..kiidikélis“:
3)
I
mpenyaapHom
cuo e:
a)
ecnw
aacubiii
B
cno e
mom
ya-
peHueM
Jou uii,
namp.:
i]
usu
[i.J
({i-])
—
[g’i ’éna]
una
[g’i. ’&na]
,,gy éna*
(wac .sp.,
3
2.):
[a]
usm
[a.]
([a°])
—
[ azZ’i ’is]
wom
[ a.Z’i ’is]
. azy is“;
[u]
um
[u.]
((u'])
—
[ uk’i i)
wm
[ u.ki ’i]
. iky i*
m
6)
ecm
aacueii
B
cno e
nox
ynape-
HHeM
KpaTkuii,
Hanp.:
[i]
usu
[i.]
([i-])
—
[sug ’iZ’imas]
ua
[sug ’i.Z’imas]
,,sug j-
Zimas“;
[e]
umm
[e.]
([e-])
—
[p a ’es’imas]
usm
[p a ’e.s’imas]
,,p a esimas“;
[a]
usm
[a.]
((a"])
—
[g az4]
unm
[g a.za]
,g aza“;
[u]
umm
[u.]
({u'])
—
[n’esu ids}
uum
[n’esu. is]
.,nes i s":
4)
B
3ayqapHeIx
cyo ax,
Hamp.:
[iJaam
[i.]
({i-])
—
[pus’-
i@ei]
um
[pis’ 'i.c’ei]
.,pus yciai*;
[e]
usm
[e.]
([e-])
—
[iz’g ’eze"]
mam
[iz’g ’e.-
Ze']
..i8g ezé“
[Mpoc .
npom.
Bp.,
3
1.);
[a]
wm
[a.]
([a-])
—
[mazaje-]
unm
[ma-
Za.je']
,.mazaja“
(Bun.
u.ex.4.);
[u)
um
[u.]
( u'])
—
[pdsuk’is]
uma
[pdsu.k’is]
»posikis*.
AnamM3
MaTep asia
WI
uccueqoBaHua
(HeyZ.
Vc),
MoIy4eHHOTO
TyTeM
HH-
TepBbIO,
MpoBodusica
Oe3
yyeTa
MOSM,
B
KOTOPbIX
BCTpeyaeTca
AaHHas
Tepe-
MeHHad
B
CIOBe,
TaK
KaK
eFO
OKAa3aJIOCb
HeOcTaTOYHO
a
Tako
wen.
Yuu i-
BaJIMCh
Bo3pacTHbie
(Aj,
Ay,
Az)
H
oOpa30Ba enbubie
(C;,
C.)
pynme ,
a
TaKxe
Ba
KOHTeKCTYaJIbHBIX
cTHIA
(By
u
B,)
(B
c ue
Bs,
T.e.
Up
uTeHUH
KBa3HOMOHH-
MOB,
JaHHasd
MepeMeHHaa
BCTpeyasdcb
cIMINKOM
pemKo).
Bbia
nopcun ana
4ac-
80
ToTa
Jou o o
M
KpaTkKo o
BapwaHTa
(Heys.
o)
(B
%)
HM
cocTaBseH
pacbuK
c
yue-
Tom
(bak opos
Bospac a
(A),
yposHa
o6pazosanua
(C)
u
c una
(B).
Yun e panacp
W
pewb
pyMi bl
akTepow
4
AuKTOpoB
paguo
(C;)
(cm.
puc.
5.1).
Bapsuposanue
(Heyy.
VC)
B
nenom
6e3
yye a
peum
pymmbl
akTepow
M
AUKTO-
pos
HeGonbuoe.
Bombuio o
capu a
He
HaOmogaeTca,
B
O*PHUMAbHOM
HeHalIpaB-
JeHHOM
cTuue
(B,)
THM
He3HAayHTeIEHO
Gombe
yno peOseTca
QON HX
BapHaH-
TOB,
JOBEpUTeIbHbIC
MHTepBasIbl
MepekpeuimBaioTca.
Yno TpeOsenHe
DONTHX
Ba-
PHAHTOB
CTaTHCTHYCCKH
3HAYMMO
pa3JIM4AeTCA
IMIUb
B
pPeYH
Milage
pynme
c
6omee
HH3KHM
M
BBICOKAM
ypOBHeM
OOpa30BaHHA:
DOBEPHTeIbHbIe
MHTepBasIbL
He
nepexpemmBa o ca
—
11+17%
u
0+8
%.
B
pymme
ax epos
4
QuKTOpoB
n0-
Ka3aTeyb
YACTOTHI
AONTOFO
BapHaHTa,
XOTA
H
3HAYUTEIHO
BbILMIe,
YeM
B
OCTAJIBHBIX
pynnax
(B
Apy ux
pymmax
oH
KoneOueTca
B
MHTepBane
4—24
%,),
Bce
xe
OTHO-
CHT@IbHO
HeBBICOK:
66
%
BB,
u
70
B
By.
i
PesymbTaTbl
aHasm3a
pacnpeyenenua
(Heyn.
VC)
w
JIPKJIB
no3Bons o
se-
WaTb
BbIBOX, ¥TO
MaHHad
MepeMeHHas
mpHoOpena
aMATBucTHYecKHil
cTa yc:
ona
HOYT
He
HOMMae cs
HA
CT paTHukauwMOHHOMY,
HH
CHTyaTHBHOMy
BapbHpoBa-
HHO
H
Bce
xe
(Hey.
VC)
ocTaeTca
comMONMATBUCTHYeCKOl
MepemMeHHOi ,
Tak
Kak
BapbupoBanue
cyllecTByeT:
He
BCe a
i,
é,
d,
i
B
HeKOHeYHOM
Ge3syzapHoi
no-
3HllMM
NpousHoca ca
Kak
I,
é,
d,
%
—
Mulls
UpHOnu3uTenbHO
B
4/5
cayyaes.
AxamM3
pew
HH*OpMaHTOB,
IJId
KOTOPBIX
He
XapakTepHO
yKa3aHHOe
ynoTpeb-
wleHwe
(Heya.
o), NOKa3asl,
YTO
PHaBHbIM
PakKTOPOM,
OObACHAIOWIMM
,,HexapaK-
TepHocTh”
ux
pew
aaa
JIPKJIB,
apnse ca
quaneKTHOe
MpoHcxoxKDeHHe
Ux
poaH-
Tene. O6a
ponu ena
(uM
oMH)
uHopMaHToB
M3
TpynMbl
.,.HexapakTepHBIx*
B
7@HHOM
OTHOIICHHH
Oni
c
TeppHTOpHH
TeX
JHTOBCKHX
THalIeKTOB,
KOTOpPbIM
HeCBOMCTBEHHO
yKOpauMBaHHe
JOJIFUX
TacHbIX
B
HeKOHeYHOM
NO3HuHH.
Uccnegopanue
cyObekTuBHOli
CTOpoHI
WaHHO O
BOmpoca,
T.€.
aHanH3
OTBe-
TOB
Ha
aHKeTy,
MO3BOJIMJI
YTOYHMTS
COMMONHETBHCTHYeCKyIO
HOPMYy
KpaTKO O
npow3Homenua
(Heyx.
VC)
(B
auxe e
uMenHch
mpuMeps
(Heym.
VC)
Bo
Bcex
BEI-
meyKa3aHHbIX
MO3HIMAX
B
cJ0Be).
Yno pe6neHue
(Heya.
VO),
peanm3yemoii
B
aOcomIOTHOM
Ha ase
cloBa,
ompe-
Zeaoch
10
OTBeTaM
O
MpOU3HOUMIeHHH
cHOB
qso élis,
qsélé,
qzuolynas,
iis io as.
B
yesom
YacTo a
yKasaHui
Ha
yno peOneHHe
TonTo o
BapwaHTa
B
HepBbIX
Tpex
cNOBaX
OTHOCHTeIbHO
HeBbICOKad
(uHTepBa
O—40
%)
(cM.
puc.
6.2),
4 o
B
ompe-
HeweHHoH
Mepe
MOYTH
cooTBeTCTBYeT
peambHOMy
ynoTpeOseHu o
(Heyz.
VC),
u306paxkKeHHOMY
B
poaHasIM3HpOBaHHOM
BpIWe
pa buKe.
He
Bo
Bcex
Tpex
coBax
yka3biBaeTCaA
OMHAKOBOe
NpoUsHOMeHHe
G:
B
cHoBe
qZuolynas
ynoTpebmeHue
DoON-
To o’
Bapwan a
wae
(22—40
%),
B
cose
qsélé
—
pexe
(0O—40
%).
Un epecno
OTMeTHTb,
4TO
HaOMOMAIOTCA
HEKOTOPHIe
PacXOx*KeHAA
yKazaHHi
pecnoHzeHTOB
OTHOCHTCIbHO
ypoBHs
O6pa30BaHHA,
OcObeHHO
B
epBbIX
ABYX
CJIOBaX:
pecnoHseH-
TbI
C
BbICOKUM
ypOBHeM
O6pa30BaHus,
OCobeHHO
B
cTapuleii
H
cpepHeii
Bo3pac T-
HBIX
FpyiMax,
pexke
yKa3biBaloT
Ha
yno pe6nenue
UMM
JonTo o
Bapuan a
(Heys.
VC)
B
WaHHBIX
CNOBaX,
¥eM
pec iOHeHTI
c
Oouee
HH3KUM
ypoBHeM
OOpa30BaHHa.
6,
949
81
Cuenye T
1oa¥epKHYTb,
4TO
MOKa3aTeMb
YaCTOTBI
AONTOTO
BapHaHTa
B
ped
pymnb
akTepOB
H
JHKTOPOB
BeCbMa
HeBBICOK
—
33'S.
Cnosa
aso élis
u
qiuolynas
ObisM.
BKMIOYeHLI
B
CBASHOM
TKCT,
KOTOpbIii
pH
WHTepBbIOUpOBAHHM
MpowTanH
BCe
HHOpMaHTEI.
CpapHenue
peaybHo o
yuo-
TpeOneHua
Hou o o
BapHaHTa
B
WaHHBIX
CIOBaX
C
cyObeKTHBHBIMH
Cy2K}¢HAAMU
pecHOH{eHTOB
NoKa3ailo,
YTO
3AaBbICHIIM
CBOH
MOKA3ATeM
B
AHKeTAX
HMCHHO
e
PeCHOHACHTHI,
B
PEI
KOTOPEIX
HUKOT{a
WH
MOUTH
HUKOTa
He
BCTpeqaeTcs
qom-
ui
BapuwauT,
Hanp.:
B
peuH
cTapmiei
pymbi
c
Gomee
HU3KUM
ypOBHeM
o6pa3o-
panna
(A,C,),
10
TaHHSIM
MHTePBbIO,
B
CIOBaX
qso élis
u
qzuolynas
4ac oTa
Hon-
o o
BapHaHTa
cocTaBisaeT
M b
4%,
a
B
AHKeTAX
yKa3aHO
40.
Taxoe
nonoxenue
3abHKCHpoBaHo
BO
BCeX
pymmax,
ocoGeHHO
c
Oosee
HH3KHM
ypoBHeM
o6pa30Ba-
HMS,
34
HCKMIOUCHHEM
FpyMMs!
akTepOB
HM
AHKTOPOB:
OHH
3aHM3HIIH
cBo
moKa3a-
Tem
B
auKke ax
(33
%)
mo
cpaBHeHMio
c
Aelic su enbHocT1
(90%
yno pe6enna
qos o o
BapuaHTa
B
TeKcTe).
Anan 3
yno peOsenmsa
Zom o o
BapHaHTa
B
culoBe
iisiio as
(XOTA
OHO
H
OTHO-
cuTca
K
WaHHOi
pymme
cop)
comepxKUTCH
HUKe,
Te
UccHelyeTca
pyi ia
COB
C
(Hey.
VC)
B
TO3HNHH
Mepex
MONTHM
yapHbIM
CIOTOM,
Tak
KaK
MOAMHHACTCA
3aKOHaM
3TOM
TpyMib .
CpapHen e
peamu3aluu
Zon o o
BapHaHTa
(Heya.
c)
B
OulwasIbHOM
HeHa-
IpaBeHHOM
CTHJIe
C
CyOBCKTHBHEIMM
CyKeHHAMM
TOBOPAIIUX
MOSBOMACT
CHEATS
BLIBOL,
YTO
WOKa3zaTemM
ynoTpeOseHuA
WoMTo o
BapHaHTa
B
ped
SABbILICHEI:
j10-BHMMOMY,
HMes0
MecTo
BuIMAHMe
TpadbH¥ecKo o
u306paxKeHHA
CIOBA.
Jlon ui
Bapuan
(HeyA.
VC)
BgaScomoTHOM
Hayane
cyoBa
B
JIPKJIB
sc pe-
yaeTCd
BECbMa
PeIKO,
YeMy
MpHIMHO!!,
1O-BAMMOMY,
CY2%KHT
TOT
akT,
YTO
ToN-
oTa
TlaCHbIX
B
JaHHOM
NOJO%KeHUM
YaCTO
ABJIACTCH
UCTOPHYCCKHM
PeJIMKTOM
H
HHKaKOli
TMCTHHKTHBHOM
(yHKIMM
He
BBIMOIHAeT.
Pacnpenenenue
yac oT
om o o
sapwan a
(Heya.
VO),
peamu3yemoe
Bo
II u
Jlanee
mpe ymapubix
cylo ax
(B
aHkeTe
MJIMFOCTpHpyeTca
cioBaMu
esin s,
g ezi-
njs),
HOCHT
HECKOJIbKO
HHO
XapakTep,
4eM
B
NOSMIMH
aOcomIOTHOTO
Hayasia
CIOBAa
(cm.
puc.
6.3).
B
o60ux
c oBax
yka3bIBaeTCA
OTHOCHTEJIBHO
PaBHOMEPHAA
H
HE
CIIMUI-
KOM
BBICOKad
YacToTa
ynoTpeOxenus
AoN o o
Bapuan a
@,
B
cpemHem
30
—
40%.
Tloxa3aTenb
B
culoBe
g eZinys
B
cpejHei
Bo3pacTHOM
pymme
c
Gosee
HU3KHM
YpPOB-
HeM
OOpa30BaHHaA,
papa,
pe3Ko
Toppumae ca
—
o
56
%,
HO
B
Mamuueli
pymme
¢
BBICOKHM
ypoBHeM
oOpa30BaHuaA
Magae
Wo
14%.
3necb,
Kak
HM
pH
aHasM3e
OT-
BeTOB
aHKeTHI
O
paciipeseueHun
BapHaHTos
(Hey.
VC)
8
a6comoTHOM
Haase
cioBa,
HaOmo aeTca
CHWKeHMe
MoKa3aTenei
YacTOT
JouTo o
BapHaHTa
B
pymme
c
Gomee
BBICOKAM
ypOBHeM
OOpa3oBaHua.
B
pyni ie
akTepoB
HM
AMKTOpOB
NOKa3aTeb
4ac-
TOTSI
BEICOK:
68
%
Mua
cnoBa
g ezinys
u
78
%
ana
cnoBa
esinys.
CpapHenue
yacToTsI
ynoTpeOseHua
Mom o o
BapwaH a
(Hey.
VC)
8
peamb-
HOM
peyH
MHOpMaHTOB
C
HX
CyOBCKTHBHBIMM
Cy>%KeHHAMM
PHCyeT
AHAJIOTHYHY O
KapTHHYy,
Kak
H
UpH
pa3sOope
(Heyz.
VC)
B
1O3HuMM
AOCOUFOTHOTO
Ha asa
CiLOBa:
B
aHKeTaX
1oKa3aTesIM
HECKObKO
3aBbIIeHbI,
OCOOeHHO
B
pynmax
c
Gonee
HUSKUM
ypoBHem
oOpa30BaHHa,
M
3aHWKeHBI
B
pylilie
aKTepoB
M
AUKTOPOB.
82
,

B
yno pe6menmm
Yon o o
BapuaH a
(Heya.
VO),
peamu3yemoi
Bo
II
u
aasee
mpe y apHbix
cuo ax,
HaGmoqaeTcA
TeHeHUMA
Tepexona
K
yloTpeOseHHIO
KpaT-
KOTO
BapHaHTa,
OcoGeHHO
B
CHOBaX
C
HCTOPHYeCKH
MONTHMH
TidCHbIMM
—
HOCO-
BLIMH
q
H
¢.
Tlanupii
Bbisox
NOATBepxaeT
aHaliM3
OTBETOB
Ha
aHKeTy,
HalpaBuleHHEIi
Ha
wayyeHHe
paciipesenenua
Jon o o
BapuaH a
(Heya.
VC),
peanu3yemoi
B
I
mpea-
ynapHoM
cio e
nepex{
AouI uM
y apHEm.
JlanHas
nosuuus
(Heys.
VC)
8B
anKeTe
WI-
suocTpupye ca
cie y ouluMu
mpuMepamu:
ply élé,
gy én i,
y idusias,
d asudlis,
Zqsélé,
iukj i,
g iidai.
B
paduxe
(cm.
puc.
6.4)
4eTKO
pa3qena oTca
Ape
pyn bl
cyos:
suHuM
Yac oT
d qsudlis
u
uky i
pucy oT
aHaslo MyHy!O
KapTHHy,
Kak
M
B
qipuMepax
kK
mo3HuMH
aOcomOTHO O
Hayasla
cioBa
(aso élis,
qsélé,
qzZuol nas,
cM.
puc.
6.2),
mun
cos
ply élé,
gy én i,
y idusias,
uky i, g iudai
—
kak
mHHUA
copa
iis io as,
T.c.
B
HosHuMM
aOcoMFOTHOTO
Ha ana
cioBa.
B
HacTosumx
6
cnoBax
PecHOHJeHTSI
yKa3bIBalOT
Ha
ynoTpeOseHHe
MMM
AoN o o
BapHaHTa
(neya.
VO)
opa3qo
Ya e
(aHTeppan
33—100
%,
ocHoBHbIe
YaCTOTHI
paciipeyeueHbI
B
HHTep-
Bane
60—90
%).
3necb
HaOmogae cs
oOpaTHad
KapTHHa,
4eM
B
MpHBeeHHBIX
BbIe
IpuMepax:
ecu
B
aGCOIOTHOM
Hayasle
cuOBa
Ha
ynoTpeOeHMe
ou o o
BapHaHTa
Yallle
yka3pIBanM
MpescTaBuTeiM
pym
C
MeHbIIMM
ypoBHeM
O06pa30-
BaHUsA,
TO
B
NO3MNuM
B
I
MpexyLapHoM
cyo e
Mepex
MOMTHM
yAapHbIM
CIO OM
Ha
yno pe6enue
Jou o o
BapHanTa
Yallle
yka3biBasiM
MpeAcTaBuTemM
pyli
C
BbICO-
KUM
ypoBHeM
oOpa30BaHHa.
Cuosa
ply élé
u
gy én i
ObiH
BKIIOVEHEI
B
CBASHOH
TEKCT,
KOTOPHI
MpowTaH
‘sce
HHTepBbioupyeMble
sua.
PeawbHoe
yno peOseHue
Hou o o
BapHaHTa
(Heyz.
VC)
B
AaHHEIX
cHOBaxX
He
COOTBeETCTBYeT
CYOBEKTHBHBIM
Cy>KeHHAM
Ppec loHeH-
TOB
O
CBOei
CoOGcTBeEHHOM
peuH:
3a
HCKIIOYeHHeEM
Pe4H
ZMKTOPOB
H
aKTepoB,
AOl-
Tuli
BapHaHT
BO
BCeX
pynmax
He
yNoTpeOsssca
a e
yem
B
20
%
cuyaaes.
ToKa-
aTeIM
4YaCTOTbI
JON o o
BapHaHTa
B
H3y¥aeMOl
MO3MNMH
B
OTHOIMeHHH
BO3-
PaCTHBIX
py
HeCKOMbKO
BbITCNAMOTCA
JIMIb
B
CTapileli
Bo3spacTHoi
pymme
©
M€HBIIMM
ypOBHeM
oOOpa30BaHHa
—
OHH
Ppac OOXKeHbI
HWKe,
B
HHTepBalie
20—60
°.
[pu
y enuu
TexcTa
Hom ue
BapHaHTEI
yHOTpeONAN
IMI
OAH
Mpec a-
BUTE
AaHHOM
pyMi bl,
poAHTeH
KOTOpo o
poOM
H3
MeCTHOCTH
Ha
TeppHTOpun
JOKHBIX
ayKMITAHTOB,
—
OHH,
KAaK
H3BeCTHO,
COXpaHsAIOT
JON oTy
iacHo o
B
TaH-
‘Ho
MOSHE.
Visysenne
pacipenenenus
Won o o
BapHaH a
(Heya.
o),
peamusyemoi
B
I
mpelyapHoM
ciio e
Mepex
KpaTKHM
yapHbIM
CJIOFOM,
BeOCh
Ha
MpHMepax
su-
g izimas,
Kes i is,
e’imas,
sug azino,
siys i as,
BKIOYeHHBIX
B
aHKeTY.
B
WaHHp x
cnoBax
U3y4¥aeMy!O
TepemeHHy!o
Mpepc apma oT
j,
e,
@,
4.
JImHMM
pacupeneneHus
wacToT
Zon o o
BapHa i a
B
coBax
Kes i is,
esimas,
sug qzino
(cM.
puc.
6.5)
‘CXOKH
C
JMHUIMH
Jpy ux
WpoaHasIM3HpOBaHHBIX
MpHMepoOB
C
HOCOBbIMH
TJlaCHBI-
Mu:
Ha
Gosee
yac oe
ynoTpeOmeHHe
Jou o o
BapHaHTa
37eCb
TakxKe
yka3biBasH
TpyMIb
C
MeHBIIHM
ypoBHeM
oOpa30BaBHa,
YacToTa
yKa3aHMii
Ha
y oTpebseHHe
on o o
BapnauTa
B
WeIOM
cpaBHUTesIbHO
Hu3Kas
(25—57
%).
JImHMM
cmOB
sug i-
Zimas
w
siys ii as
kak
Obi
UpHHaexaT
Apy OMy
THI:
OHH
PacoOX*KeHbl
3HayH-
6*
83
TeIbHO
Bbi e
(JOCTHTaIOT
OTMeTKH
90
%)
H
He
CHMMETPHYHbI
B
OTHOMICHHH
ypOB-
HA
OOpa30BaHHs,
HalIp.:
BbICLIMe
MHKH
NpHHaexaT
cTaplieli
BOspacTHoH
pymme
©
BEICOKHM
ypoBHeM
oOpa30BaHHa
H
Maniieli
c
Gomee
Hu3KHM.
Ilo-BuMMOMy,
3ilecb
u paeT
pos
TOT
akT;
4YTO
B
pew
YacTO
yNOTpeOAIOTCA
POACTBEHHEIe
C10-
Ba
¢
HammaeM
yapeHua
Ha
W3yYaeMBIX
TOJITHX
TacHbIx:
sug iZo,
siijs i
M
T.0.
Cosa
sug izimas,
Kes i is,
sug azino
Obi
BKIIOYCHEI
B
CBASHOHM
TeKCT,
KOTO-
p i
npowsTamu
wHTepBbioupyempie.
Bo
Bcex
coBax
DoNTHe
iacHbie
MpoHusHeCciH
JMS
JUKTOps!
paw o
HW
Ba
UpeAcTaBUTe#
CpeAHeTO
NOKOJICHHA
BHJIbHIOCH
EB,
POUHTeNM
KOTOPEIX
GEM
POAOM
H3
MecTHOCTeli
Ha
TeppHTOPHH
3alaMHBIX
HW
1OxK-
HBIX
aykuITaii os.
XoTa
B
oBopax
WWMpOKO
paciipocTpaHeHo
ZoNToe
MpoM3HoLie-
HHe
HOCOBBIX
acHEIx,
B
JIPKJIB
pemukTos
2aHHO O
sBIeHUA
HOYTH
He
HaOmOa-
e ca.
[axe
B
peu
akTepoB
JOJI oe
MPOH3HOMeHHe
TaHHbIX
FiaCHbIX
B
TeKCTe
HMe-
nO
MecTo
smb
B
40%
scex
3acukcuposaHHBIX
coyyaes.
Enunwunpie
dbax s
MpousHeceHus
TOsTO o
TiacHO o
B
OJHOM
HJIM
JBYX
yKa3aHHBIX
COBaX
3acBHse-
TeIBCTBOBAHEI
B
9
%
Bcex
cHy4aes
(6e3
yseTa PpyMMbl
TMUKTOpoOB
H
akTepos),
Yale
B
cnose
sug izimas.
Hu
o Ho o
cnyyad
UpOM3HeceHHA
DoI o o
BapwaHTa
(HeyA.
VC)
8
u3y4aemoi
no3HIMM
He
BCTpeTHsOCE
B
peyH
MpepcTaBuTesei
c apmie o
m0-
KOJICHHA.
iy
:
Pacnpegzenenue
Zom o o
Bapuan a
(Heya.
VC),
peamu3yemoii
B
mocueyqapHOoM
cio e,
W3y¥alocb
Ha
MpuMepax
Siios y i,
k dus y i,
dzidus y i,
BKT}OYeHHEIX
B
aH-
Ke y
(cM.
puc.
6.6).
Pec loHZeHTbI
yKa3aiIM
Ha
OTHOCHTeIbHO
YacToe
ynoTpeOse-
Hue
HMH
JOu o o
BapHaHTa
(600bUIMHCTBO
YacTOT
paciionoxeHO
B
HHTepBae
60—80
%).
Ye xo#
c pa ubuxaumu
He
HaGsoaeTca
HA
TO
IMHHH
BO3pacTHO O,
HH 10
JHHHH
OOpa3oBaTebHO O
dakTopos.
Heckombko
BbienseTca
cpe HaAd
BO3-
pacTHas
pylil a
c
BbICOKAM
ypoBHeM
OOpa30BaHHa:
OHM
Sosee
ckelITHYeCKH
pac-
IeHMBaIOT
CBOIO
COOCTBeEHHY!0
pe4b,
OMHAKO
yKa3aHHad
UMM
YacTOTa
BCe
x*Ke
3a-
BbilMeHa
—
33—56
%
yno peOneHuii
Don o o
BapwaHTa,
Ko a
Ha
caMoM
ese
9Ta
Wnpa
LouxKHa
OLITb
UpHMepHO
HallomoBMHY
MeHBILe.
Cnoso
k dus y is
Obi0
BKIO¥eHO
B
CBASHOM
TeKCT
A
uHTepBbIO.
YoTpeb-
wleH e
JON o o
BapHaHTa
3aduKcupoBaHo
B
23%
cuyyaes
(6e3
yyeTa
pylMbi
aKTe-
POB
H
AUKTOpoB),
B
OCHOBHOM
B
peu
HHOpMaHTOB
cpewHe o
MoKOeHUA,
POAH-
TeM
KOTOPbIX
MpOHCXxONsT
c
TeppATOpHH
1OXKHO-
HIM
3alaqHOayKUITaii cKux
AMaseKTOB.
Wsysenue
cyObex usHoi
cTopoHbI
yNo peOmeHud
To o
un
MHOTO
BapwaHTa
MPOW3HOWMeHHA
MWO3BOMAeT
TewaTh
BbIBOM
O
CYLIeCTBOBAaHHM
AByX
COMMOMMHT-
BucTHYecKHX
HOpM.
Ileppas
pac ipoc panseTca
Ha
cOBa
C
HOCOBIMH
TylaCHBIMH,
Hamp.:
Kes i is,
qZuol nas,
sug qzino
&
Ap.,
4’
MoxeT
ObITh
chopMyMpoBana
cyie-
Hy!0uHM
06pa30M:
UpousHeceHMe
JOITHX
HOCOBBIX
PIaCHbIX
B
HEKOHEYHOI
Hey/ap-
HOM
MO3MINHH
B
CHOBE
HeOOA3aTeMbHO,
XOTH
HM
BO3MOXHO.
HepesKo
BEIOOp
BapHaHTa
(neya.
VC)
3apucuT
oT
@opMambHOcTH
cuTyalun
(pm
YTeHMM
TeKcTa
Jom Hi
Ba-
puaHT
yno peOnseTca
Yale,
4YeM
B
HeIpHHyxKeHHOM
peq),
OT
cyObeKTHBHOTO
OTHOMeHHA
K
cBOei
pew
(B
OpMIMaIbHEIX
CHTYallMAX
HEKOTOpbIe
CTpeMsTCA
Mpa-
BHJIbHee
NpousHOcHTS
(Hey.
VC))
u,
HaKOHe,
OT
AHaseKTHOTO
IIpoucxoxKseHu
po uTenel
(ecu
YeNOBeK
cpoyy
He
CULIXaN
DoNTo o
BapwaHTa
JaHHol
mepemex-
84
Holi,
B
e o
cOOcTBeHHO!
pew
axe
IpH
cpeqHUX
ycuIMAX
coOIO2aTb
IpaBAbHOCTh
pew
Wou Me
BapHauTE
GynyT
BecbMa
penKu).
Janne i
Tu
BapualyaM
COmMONMHT-
BUCTHYeCKOH
MepeMeHHOM
MOxXHO
CYMTaTb
THIIOM
BHYTPHJMYHOCTHEIX
BapHanuli
(cm.
Bean
P.,
1980,
c.
58);
BappupoBaHue
o6yciOBeHO
He
JMHTBHUCTHYeCKMMH
He
CTaTHCTHYeCKMMM
KaTe opaimu
DeMo paduu,
a
WHHaMMYeCKUMM
aciieKTaMa
CMTYaTMBHOTO
HcHOb30BaHHA
A3bIKa.
WM
ace
xe
MepeMeHHYy!O
HeJIb3A
CYMTATb
CHTYaTHBHOH,
Tak
Kak
OHa
He
MoMMaeTca
c uMcTHYeCKOH
c paTuduKaluu.
Bapua-
ua
WaHHOw
MepeMeHHOM
MoxeT
OBITh
XapakTepw30BaHa
KaK
BCTpedaeMOcTHad
( am
xe,
c.
61):
oHa
HUKO la
He
MOxeT
ObITb
MpescKa3aHa.
B opas
coumouMH BHcTHYecKad
HOpMa
y o peOsenna
(Heyd.
VC)
pacnpoc pa-
HAeTCH
Ha
COBa
C
AONTHMH,
HO
He
C
HOCOBBIMA
lacHBIMH,
Hallp.:
gy éna,
Sypsd is,
ply élé
w
ap.:
cyulec ByeT
HopMa
BBISopa
Jom o o
BapwaHTa
NepeMeHHOH,
1103B0-
jimomla ,
O HaKO,
6e3
onpeseweHHO O
cTpaTHuKkalMOHHOTO
WIM
CHTyaTHBHOTO
o paHw4eHua ynoTpeOiaTb
Kpa kui
BapHanT.
Ha
s o
yKa3biBaeT
TOT
@aKT,
4TO
cJIOH
Haceylenua
c
Gomee
HU3KHM
ypoBHeM
OOpa30BaHua
pH
CyObeKTHBHBIX
cyxKAe-
HMSX
O
CBOeH
peIH
BbIOMPAIOT
KpaTKHi
BapHaHT
MepeMeHHOM
4allle,
YeM
COW
C
BBICOKHM
YPOBHeM
OOpa30BaHHA,
4TO
CBMeTeNBCTByeT.
06
OTCYTCTBAH
CTHIIMCTH-
yeCKO O
BapbUpOBaHUA
M
3aKpe LeHHA
3a
NONTHM
BapHaHTOM
(HeyA.
VC)
c a yca
TipecTwKHOH
peqH.
TIpuna ue
Gomee
c po o
HOpMBI,
KakOBO
sB/IAeTCA
uepsas,
o6o03Ha4a0
Gi
SBHEI
MOBOPOT
K
yTPaTe
OMMO3HUMH
AONTHX
H
KpaTKHX
TWaCHBIX
B
UesIOM
3aMeHe
ee
ONMO3HUMeli
YAapHBIX
H
HeyJapHBIx
iacHBix.
CyObekTHBHBIe
cyxTeHH
PeCHOHAeHTOB
TaK
CHJIbHO
pacXOAATCA
C
pealbHBIM
NOJIOKeHHEM
MOTOMY,
4TO
s
JIPKJIB
na
Hac osileli
c aqum
ee
pasBuTHA
HepBad
OnMO3HIMA
He
MoxeT
OxITB
TIOMHOCTEIO
3aMeHeHa
BTOPO!i:
cosHaTeMbHOe
UpH3HaHHe
cbakTa,
yTo
B
4/5
cnyyaes
aom ui
HeynapHs i
aacus ii
mpousHocu ca
KpaTKo,
oOo3HaYano
OBI:
HOpMoi
MpOwsHOMeHHA
ABIACTCA
KpaTKHi
BapHaHT,
T.c.
y paTa
VyV.
Takum
o6pa3om,
KpaTkuii
BapHaHT
Wpou3HouleHHa
(Heya.
VC)
cyulecTByeT
KaK
HOpMa,
KOTOpas,
B
BPOTHBOMONOKHOCTL
HOPMe
MPOM3HOWIeHMA
MCTOPHYECKHX
HOCOBBIX
TwlacCHbIX
B
HeEKOHCYHOM
HeyAapHOi
NOsHUMM,
ABIAeTCA
HeOcOsHaHHON.
4.2.1.
Yoapun e
i,
é,
dé,
ii
8
KoHedHOH
TO3HNMM
B
c OBe.
B
nATOBCKOM
JMTepaTypHOM
sA3bIKe,
KaK
H
B
THasleKTax,
yapule
7,
2,
d,
ii
B
aAbCOMIOTHOM
KOHLe
cuoBa
WIM
Mepey
-s
Bce gja
MpousHOcATCA
KpaTKO.
B
HeKOTOpBIX
NO paHHUHBIX
CO
cwlaBsiHAaMM
TOBOpaX
H
B
pedH
HeKOTOpBIX
GunMHTsoB
HaOmOMaeTCA
MoMyZoNToe
HIM
Wos oe
MpousHOMIeHMe
AaHHBIX
lacus x
(cm.
Zinke i ius
Z.,
1966,
p.
104,
107).
B
pew
BumbHiocies
Bc pe aloTcs
dbakTsI
KpaTKo o,
Momyyzon o o
u
Tou o o
(B
smca3e)
Mpom3HoMeHua
H3y4aeMBIX
TIACHBIX
B
CHeMy omx
nosunusx:
1)
mocue
cylo a
c
Ou HM
nacHEIM
wu
OBy nacHbiM,
Ha p.:
[i]
an
[i.]
({i])
—
[su i]
wm
{su ’i.]
,,si i“,
[e]
unm
[e.]
((e'])
—
[k’el’ds2]
am
[k’el’ ds’&.]
,,keliuosé*
(mpea.
u ,
MH.
4.),
[a]
am
[a.]
({a‘])
—
[ uo8a]
am
[ uoSa.]
Tusa,
[u]
unm
[u.]
({u])
—
[ u‘s’ )
wm
[ us’ .]
,, asii
( s.
i.
en.
4);
2)
mocne
co a
c
KpaTKHM
jlacHBIM,
nanp.:
[i]
um
[i.]
({i'])
—
[n’e8'i]
amu
[n’e8'i.]
,neSi*
(2
a.
eg.
4.
Hac.
Bp.),
[e]
umm
[e.]
({e"])
—
[ka ’e]
uo
[ka ’é.]
,,ka é“
( s.
m.
eg.
4.),
[a]
mm
[a.]
( a‘))"—
85
[bala]
unm
[bala.]
,,bala“
(am.
wm
Ts.
m.
ex.
4.),
[u)
usm
[u.]
((u])—[g’e d]
mi
[e’e d.]
,,ge i*
(TB.
m.
ex.
4.).
,
Ikana
coumonMA sucT uyecKoii
nepeMeHHOi
KpaTKHX
YylapHBIX
TwlaCHBIX
B
KoHewHO
Mo3sunMH
(Hanee
yz.
V+)
comepxu
apa
3HayeHMs:
KpaTKo o
H
Aon o o
sapuan os.
Tonyzon ni
iacusii
B
9Mdase
MOXeT
WOCTHYb
NOMTOTHI
HACTOsMe-
o
Wou o o
uacHo o.
JlanHas
nepeMenHas
He
XapakTepHa
j
JIPKJIB,
Ho
Tak
Kak
CHCTeMa
MHTOBCKO O
S3bIKa
MpOTHBOPeyHT
MOABeHMIO
O o O
BapHaHTa
(ya.
V+),
(bakTbI
e o
MOABIeHHA
B
PCY
CTAHOBATCA
OYCHb
3aMCTHBIMM
Hi
paciye-
HMBaIOTCA
KaK
Kap OHHEle
WH
UHTepepeHTHEIe.
B
Hac osmem
uccieqobanuM
TaHHad
MepeMeHHasd
W3yYasach
TOKO
Ha
MaTe-
Pale
CONMOMHHTBUCTHYeCKO O
HHTepBb}O
B
CTHIAX
B,
u
Bo.
VWi3-3a
nepeMeHuMBocTH
akUeHTyalnMM,
KOTOpa
3[ecb
He
paccMaTpuBaeTcs,
Hammune
cB
c
(yz.
V+)
BapbupyeT
OT
HHOpMaHTa
K
HH(bopMaHTy.
Ecum
cyoBa,
namp.,
bal i
(uM.
1.
Mu.
4.),
namé
(mpenn.
1.
ex.
4.),
Kalba
(uM.
unm
TB.
H .
eX.
4.),.
ki is
(Buu.
1.
MH.
4.),
BCe
HHOpMaHTE!
MpousHoca
c
(yz.
Vib),
To
Takue
cj0Ba,
Kak
Hamp.,
aS uoni,
musé
(TB.
0.
eq.
4.),
diends
(BuH.
0.
MH.
4.),
maloniiis
(BuH-
i.
Ma.
4.),
B
JIPKJIB
yac o
eps o
(yz.
V+):
yHapeHwe
OTTA HBaeTcA
Ha
Mpey-
Tocnenuui
cno .
B
peakux
ciyyasx
HabmonaeTca
NosBenue
(yz.
Vib)
6na omapa
TuMepKoppekUMH,
T.e.
MepeHocy
yapeHua
Ha
MocyeHui
cno ,
Hanp.,
Ji dis
(Bux.
Tl.
MH.
4.,
=
Si dis),
nend és
(BMH.
1.
MH.
4.,
=
nénd es),
gal ds
(Bu.
1.
MH.
4.,
=
gal as),
isciis
(BMH.
0.
MH.
4.,
= iscius).
Hanp.,
upu
y eHuM
cBax3HO O
TeKcTa
BO
BPeMA
HHTepBLIOHPOBAHHA
BCTPeyalOTCA
ClleMyHoulMe
cyYaH
ulepKoppekiMu,
cioco6cTBy oulme
NosBieHu o
(yz.
Vi ):
de ynis
(pun.
0.,
=
de ynis),
ien
(TB.
1,
=
ienu),
auklé
( B.
.
en.
4.,
=
dukle),
me gai és
(pun.
11.
MH.
4.,
=
me gdi es),
bjau ybeé
(TB.
1.
en.
4.,
=
bjau ybe).
Visyyenue
TekcToB
HHTepBbIOHPOBAHHA
NOKa3ao,
YTO AON ui
BapuaHT
(yA.
V#)
8B
JIPKJIB
sc peyae cs
penko
(cM.
puc.
5.2):
uHTepBal
YaCTOT
KpaTKO o
BapHaHTa
mepeMeHHoli
B icox
—
76—
100%.
Hecxonbko
Gombe
Jon Hx
BapHaHTOB
3acuKcu-
POBaHO
B
PeYH
MONOMEKU,
XOTA
CTATHCTHYCCKH
3HAYHMO
Pa3NMYAIOTCA
JIMIU
DBE
YacTOTEI
B
CTuJe
By:
c apileli
TpyNbl
C
BBICOKHM
ypoBHeM
OGpa30BaHHA
H
MuIan-
wleli
c
Gonee
Hu3KUM
(86+
96%
Hu
70+
82%).
3necb
cue yeT
BHECTH
HeKOTOpBIe
KOPpeKTHBEL:
B
pe¥H
NpelcTapu elei
c apwe o
MoKoneHuA
AONTu
BapHaHT
BCTpeyaeTcaA
axe
yale, YeM
8B
pew
MOnoZexU.
Ho
Boobu e
(yz.
Vi )
B
HX
pean
HaOsiOaeTca
OYCHb
peKO,
—
NpelcTasuTesM
cTapWe o
NOKONeHHA
Yale
OTTATH-
BaloT
yilapeHue
Ha
Mpexbizyumi
cno .
B
pew
MonocexKM
Yale
BCTpeyaloTca
THMepKoppexTHble
opMbI,
4TO
B
Obuleli
cHoxKHOCTH
cIlocobcTByeT
CHWKEBHIO
WoKa3aTesA
YACTOTLI
KpaTKo o
BapHaHTa.
B
cBa3HOM
TekcTe
HHTepBLIOHPOBaHHA
CoAepxKaoch
36
upuMepos
e
(yz.
Vi)
B
MHOTOCJIOXKHBIX
cIOBaxX
H
2]
—
B
onHOCHOKHEIX.
Bce
o2HOCHOxKHBIe
cuoBa
B
MOTOKe
Ped,
3a
MCKIHOYeHHEM
CIOBa
d i,
CTAHOBUIMCh
NPOKIMTHKAMH
HIM
SHKIH-
THKAaMH,
JIHUIb
B
HEKOTOPBIX
culyyasx
B
CloBax
né ,
bé ,
nés,
cid
HaOMOAaocb
yno-
TpeOnenue
Aosm o o
Bapuan a
(ya.
Vi).
JImmp
1/3
43
36
MHO OCHOXKHEIX
CIIOB
Cc
Hasmanem
(yi.
V+ )
Bce a
coxpaHsana
yapeHue
Ha
NocneqHeM
cuo e:
mane
(BUH,
1.
en.
4.),
add,
ku is,
ik i:
(Te.
m.
en,
4.),
niekadd,
namé
(npean.
0.
en.
4.),
aplinka,
86
Jla6os
Y.
Viccnenosanme
s3b1ka
8
e o
CONMAbHOM
KoHTexKcTe,
—
HoBoe
B
HHTBHCTHKE.
M.,
1975
(B
ccbiike:
a),
BbIny
7.
JlaGos
Y.
O
mexannaMe
s3bikopbix
#3MeHeHHi,
—
Hopoe
8
ann suc uxe.
M.,
1975
(e
ccauiKe:
6),
Bin.
7.
Maxoscxuii
M.
M.
Coo Homienue
sHaMBEDyaIbHbIX
HW
COMMAIbHBIX
dbaxTopos
8B
A3bIKe.
—
BA,
1976,
Ne
1.
Monuna
M.
JL.
Kpu aueckuii
o epk
MeTOROB
HW
TCXHHKH
COUMONOTHYECKHX
HecleqoBaHHl
3a
py-
Gexom.
—
Min .
Gi on.
Cep.
Ma epnaasi
1
coo6menua
|
O e
pez.
B.
B.
KonGanoscxul .
M.,
1974,
Ne
1.
Huxoascxuii
JI,
B.
Cunxponnaa
coumonms suc aka
(TeopHa
1
mpo6nemsi).
—
M.,
1976.
Hocenxo
9.
JI.
Cnemmuxa
npossnenua
B
pew
COCTOSHMA
IMOUMOHATEHO!
HanpsxCHHOCTH:
As oped.
nox .
mac.
—
M.,
1979.
Tloausanos
E,
Pyccxuii
s3bik
Kak
NpeAMeT
TpaMMaTHYecKOTO
ODBCAHHA.
—
B
xu.:
3a
MapKCHCTCKOe
sap kosHanne.
M.,
1931.
Tloc osasxosa
B.
HM.
Uc opmueckas
@oxono us
4
ce
OcHOBAaKHS.
OnbIT
JO HKO-MeToxONO B4e-
cxo o
aHamu3a,
—
M.,
1978.
Tloc osasosa
B.
HM.
Cnenmdbuueckne
yepTbi
HnoTe3bi
B
HMHTBHCTHKe.
—
B
xa.:
D'umo e3a
B
COB-
pemennoi
nuu suc axe
/
O s.
pez.
KO.
C.
C enaxos.
M.,
1980.
Pa6ouas
kuu a
counono a
/
O s.
pea.
I.
B.
Ocunos.
—
M.,
1976.
Pyceckas
pas opopHas
pew
/
Tog
pen.
E.
A,
3emcxoii.
—
M.,
1973.
Pycexni
9351K
nO
JaHHEm
Maccoso o
o6cnezoBaHHa.
OnzIT
COMMA
IbHO-JIMETBHCTHYCCKOTO
H3Y~
xenna
/
Tom
pen.
JI,
1.
Kpsicuna.
—
M.,
1974.
Py xesny
M.
H.
Me onono mseckue
npoGsemsi
H3y"eHHa
coumanbHOl
CTpyKTypbl
coumasH-
c wuecko o
o6u ec sa.
—
CaepioncK,
1972.
Ce an
JI.
M.
Ocuoss
doxono myecko
cTaTHCTHKH
(Ha
MaTepHase
NOJbCKOTO
sapika).
—
M.,
1972.
Cepe6pennukos
B.
A.
Bepos Hoc ubie
O6ocHoBaHHA
B
KOMMAapaTHBHCTHKC.
—
M.,
1974.
Cxsopuos
JI. HW.
Teope nueckne
OCHOBbI
KYJIbTYpbI
Pew:
As oped.
noxT.
auc.
—
M.,
1978.
C a uc uyeckue
MeTOBI
aHasH3a
HAOPMAaLMH
B
CONMOMOTHYCCKEX
HCCICMOBABHAX
|
O s.
pen
T.
B.
Ocunos.
—
M.,
1979.
:
C enanos
I’.
B.
K
npo6neme
s3 Kono o
Bapbuposanua.
—
M.,
1979.
C pyk ypio-peposTHOcTHEIii
aHa7H3
93bIKa
10
JaHHBIM
pew;
Beeco os.
c6.
Tes.
nox.
Kon.
—
Xappxos,
1979.
Tpy6euxo&
H.
C.
Ocuossi
boxono m.
—
M.,
1960.
@an
I.
M.,
Axo6con
P.,
Xanae
M.
Baenenne
B
aHamHs
pew.
—
Hosoe
»
amu suc uxe.
M.,
1962,
sem.
2.
Yenowex
u
e o
paGo a.
—
M.,
1967.
Yecnoxos
C.
B.
O
npenc apHTeMbHOCTH
Pe3YIbTATOB
COMMOMOTHYCCKEX
HccneoBaHHl,
MpoBe-
TeHHbIX
NO
MalBIM
Hecnyyaiinsm
BEIGOpKaM.
— B
xx.:
[IpoekTaposanne
#
Op aHnHsalHn
BEIOOpOYHOTO
couMoNo MYecKo o
HCcnenoBaHHS.
M.,
1977.
Hiseiinep
A.
JI.
Cospemennax
conmomma suc uxa.
Teopus,
npoO.eMbl,
MeTOaBI.
—
M.,
1976.
Iseiinep
A.
J,
Huxoanc uii
JI.
B.
B ezenwe
B
coumonmu suc uxy.
—
M.,
1978.
Ikapa an
O.
H.,
Pykasnmnnkos
B.
O.
Coumambnaa
c pyk ypa
HaceneHDa
coneTcKo o
opoza
H
TeHNeHIMM
e¢
pasBHTHA.
—
COUMOMHHTBHCTAYCCKHE
HCC/ICHOBAHES,
1974,
Ne
2.
Iasnen ox
B.
9.
TpoGneme
ZOcToBepHOCTH
CTATHCTHYECKOM
HHOPMALHH
B
COMHOMOTHTCCKEX
uccne opanuax.
—
M.,
1973.
Sinos
B.
A.
Me osono us
4
npouenypsl
CouMOMO HYeCKHX
HoCTeMOBaHAH.
—
Tap y,
1968.
SAxy6ai uc
T.
A.,
Ckaspesua
A.
H.
BeposTHocTHbie
XapaKTePHCTAKH
CBS3HBIX
TEKCTOB,
—
Pu-
a,
1978.
Bell
R.
Language
samples.—
In:
Uni e sals
o
Human
Language:
Me hod
and
Theo y
/
Ed.
by
J.
H.
G eenbe g.
S an o d,
1978,
ol.
1.
93

‘Puc.
6.4.
Pacnpenenenue
Aom o o
Bapman a
(Heya.
VC),
peasM3y-
emo
Bp
I
mpenymapHom
cuo e
neped,
AOITHM
ylapHBIM
CJIO OM,
nO
OTHOWIeCHHIO
K
BO3paCTHbIM
4A,
Ag,
Ag)
4
O6pa30BuTenbHEIM
(Cy,
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L.
GRUMADIENE
SOCIOLINGVISTINIS
VILNIECIY
LIETUVIU
KALBOS
TYRIMAS
Reziumé
S aipsnyje
analizuojamos
kelios
socioling is iniais
me odais
i os
ilnie iy
lie u iu
kalbos
okalizmo
ypa ybés,
ieSkoma
jy
j ai a imo
p iezas¢iu.
Nus a y a,
kad
ilniegiy
kalbai
y a
badinga
endencija
umpin i
neki giuo us
ilguosius
bal-
sius
i
ilgin i
ki éiuo us
umpuosius
balsius.
Be eik
isi
ilniegiy
lie u iy
kalboje
a ojami
balsiy
a ian ai
u i
a i ikmenis
i
a mése.
Tik
iena
ypa ybé
(ki éiuo y
galininiy
umpyju
ilginimas)
é a
biidinga
kai
ku iu
d ikalbiy
pa-
ibio
a miy
lie u iy
kalbai.
S a is iniais
me odais
j ody a,
kad
ilnieciu
kalbos
ne ienal:
ly iskumui
u i
j akos
iek
ling is i-
niai,
iek
socialiniai
ak o iai.
P z.,
ieni
balsiy
a ian ai
Zodyje
salygoja
ki y
balsiy
a ian y
a -
‘ ojima,
,
be
ki oje
socioling is ing}
je
si uacijoje
iS a as
as
pa s
Zodis
jau
gali
i$
esmés
ski is
is.
IeSkan
ilnie iy
lie u iu
kalbos
désningumy,
bu o
pasinaudo a
s a is iniais
me odais
i
j ody a,
kad
kal-
bos
i ai a imui
didele
j aka
u i
é u
a més
i
samoninga
e ybiné
kalbos
o ien acija,
aip
pa
amiius
i
iSsila inimas.
L.
GRUMADIENE
A
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
STUDY
OF
LITHUANIAN
SPOKEN
IN
VILNIUS
Summa y
The
sociolinguis ic
a iances
o
Li huanian
spoken
in
Vilnius
we e
s udied.
Special
a en ion
was
paid
o
he
ocalism.
O e
70
in o man s
we e
examined
and
hei
speech
was
ho oughly
in-
es iga ed
using
a
complex
o
me hods
and
echnique.
The
a e age
alue
o
sound
equencies
was
calcula ed
and
es ima ed
in
o de
o
e alua e
he
ole
o
some
social
and
linguis ic
ac o s.
13
g aphs
and
2
ables
a e
in oduced
o
simpli y
he
discussion.
The
exis ence
o
some
sys ema ically
appea ing
sociolinguis ic
a iances
and
hei
close
connec ion
wi h
sociolinguis ic
no ms
ha e
been
es ablished.
I
migh
be
concluded
om
he
da a
ob ained
ha
he
g ea
a iance
o
he
u ban
language
is
due
o
he
in luence
o
he
social
ac o s,
and
ha
he
main
linguis ic
cha ac e is ics
o
Li huanian
spoken
in
Vilnius
a e
simila
o
hose
known
in
he
Li huanian
dialec s.