MOKSLO
KALBOS
KULTUROS
IR
TERMINOLOGIJOS
PROBLEMOS
LIETUVIU
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI,
XXIV(1985)
BUTAJIMH
CTEMAHOBHY
CHOPEL
HEOJHOCJIOBHBIE
PJIATOJIBHbIE
TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKHE
OBPASOBAHHS
B
COBPEMEHHbIX
BOCTOYHOCJIABAHCKHX
A3bIKAX
Hay4Ho- exHwyeckaa
peBOmolua
O6ycloBHa,
Kak
M3BeCTHO,
MOABAeHHE
MHOFOYHCACHHBIX
OHATHH,
KOTOPble
HAXOLAT
COOTBETCTBYIOUee
TEPMHHHpO-
BaHHe
B
PYCCKOM,
OeJOpyccKOM
H
YKPaHHCKOM
s3bIKax.
OcHOBHBIM
cpen-
CTBOM
TEPMHHOOOPasoBaHHA
ABJIAIOTCA
HMeHA
CYULeCTBHTebHbIe
HAH
COueTa-
HHA,
B
KOTOPBIX
CyIeCTBHTeJbHbIe
BbICTYMalOT
B
Ka¥ecTBe
paMMaTH4ecKo o
WeHTpa:
Oapconsaausayua,
npudasowxaa
c oumoc o;
Oapcaneaaisayw a,
npolOaga4nan
eap acys;
Oapcoxeaaisayia,
Ooda Koea
eap ic e.
OxHaKo,
Kak
noquepkusae
B,
IT.
Jlanumenko,
<Ha6op
TepMHHupyeMEIx
NOHATHI
WH-
pe,
4eM
CeMaHTHYeCKHe
BO3MOXKHOCTH
HMCHH
CYLLeECTBUTeAbHO O>
!.
PasBuBaa
STY
MBICAb, OHa
OTMe4AeT,
4TO
B
COBPeMeHHO!
cHelMaNbHOM
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AA
TePMHHOOOOSHAYeHHA
HCHOMb3yOTCA
H
Apy He
cpemcTBa,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
aia-
TO
H
ia oubHble
co eTaHHa.
TepMHHOso M4eckHe
ia o.bHble
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ABJAIOMHeECA
KOMMYHHKaTHB-
HBIMH
9KBHBaeHTaMH
(TepMuH
npod.
B.
M.
Huxu esuya)
aa osos,
MHo o-
YHCCHHBI
H
pasHOOOpasHb
NO
XapakTepy
MpezcTaBseHua
peHOTaTOB.
B co-
CTaB
OAHHX
CO eTAHHH
BXOAAT
KOMMNOHEHTHI,
KaxK/bIii
H3
KOTOPHIX
peasHaye T
OMpeqeleHHbIi
NeHOTAaT,
Hanp.:
HAAOMKUT’
HUNT,
NOKPbleaT
acPaAbTomM,
no-
KpoleaTe
naexKol;
Hanae
OinT,
naxpbleays
acPaabTam,
naxpoleayo
NAeHKAU;
HAKAQCTU
BURT,
NOKPUuBaTU
acPaAbTOM,
noKpueaTu
naisKo10.
Cno-
COOHOCTb
Co eTaHHii
MaHHO O
THNa
<CBOPayHBaTBCA>
B
ia Oab
He
AHKBH-
AupyeT
COOTBeTCTBYIOUIHX
CeM.
Tak,
CeMa
<NOKPBIBATb
YeM-HHOYAb
NOBepx-
HOCTb
Ye O-HHOy{b>
HMIIMWHTHO
MpHcyTcTByeT
B
aa one
ac@ano uposa s.
Tpy e
co e anua
BK0Vaio
HepaBHONeHHEIe
10
AeHOTATHBHOMY
IIpH3Haky
KOMIOHEHTHI,
Halp.:
6€CTU
CUNTes,
OenaTo
uNnDdeKYUIO,
nNOdsepeaTe
Tpubo-
noAumepusayuu;
Becyi
ci Ts3,
pabiyo
in’exyouo,
nadeapeayya
Tpeibanoai-
Mepoisayoli;
eecTu
cun es,
pobu u
in’
eKyi o,
nidOaea uca
Tpubonoaimepusa-
ii.
B
s ax
coueTaHMax
ia ombHbii
KOMNOHeHT
He
peamusyeT
nepBHYHO
ceMbl,
HO
COXpaHAeT
OOllleKaTe opHasbuoe
3sHayeHHe
—
uselo
Jelic ausa.
B
OlpesxedeHHOoH
c eleHH
AeceMaHTH3HpOBaHHbili,
AeeKcHKaNM3HpOBaHHblil,
OH
Gepe
Ha
ceOa
ibyHKUMIO
KnaccHunupyiome o
moKasaTeaa
—
cBoeo6pas-
*
Hauuaenxo
B.
I.
Jlexcuxo-ceman wyeckne
u
pamMa wueckue
ocoGeHHocTH
ca10B-
TepMuHos.—
B
xu.:
Wccneqosanna
no
pycckoi
epmunozo un,
M.,
1971,
c.
50.
;
132
Ho o
(popMaH a.
CemaHTH¥ecKHi
WeHTp
Co eTaHHA
—
aOcTpakTHOe
HMA
Cy-
lecTBHTebHOe
—
HaNOMHHaeT
B
KOMMYHHKATHBHOM
OTHOLICHHH
OCHOBY
Mpo-
M3BOMHOTO
CJIOBA.
IIpH
akueHTHpoBaHHH
BHHMAaHHA
Ha
CO“eTAHHAX
C
AeNeKCHKAIH3HPOBAaH-
HbIM
KOMMOHEHTOM
(Ha30BeM
Hx
BepOaHOMHHaHTaMH)
3aKOHOMePHO
BOSHH-
KaeT
BOMpoc
o
Mpomeccax
nopo x
jenna,
OOpasopanus,
a
TakxKe
(yHKUMOHH-
PpOBaHHH
9THX
eAHHHIL
B
COBPpeMeHHHIX
‘BOCTOUHOCABAHCKHX
ASbIKAX.
C
TOuKH
3peHHA
TeOpHH
AepHBauHH,
<eAHHHUb!
TOTO
HAM
HHOTO
ypOBHA
paccMaTpHBaw csn
He
KaK
3aaHHble
CNHCKOM
HJM
HemocpexCTBeEHHO
Mpez-
cTaBeHHble
B
TeKcTe,
a
B
Ka ecTBe
pe3sybTaTa
Mopoxsaioule o
Mpowecca,
o6pasyionle o
Gosee
CNORHHe
CAMHAUBI
13
Oomee
MpocTHIX
Mo
oMmpeze eH-
HbIM
Mpapusiam>?,
U o
xe
mpeac apase
co6oii
BepOaHOMMHAaHT
Kak
e/H-
HHla
NpousBo~nad?
BuelliHe,
SKCIIMWHTHO
9TO
CNOBOCOYeTAHHe,
BOSHHKAIO-
lee
Mo
CHHTaKcwyeckoi
MogemH.
OgnaKo
m0
cBoel
CYTH
3TO
«HeLLebHO-
oopMaeHHoe»
coo,
TOUHee
—
KOMMYHHKATHBHBIT
SKBHBANCHT
CiOBa,
pea-
au3yloulMi
onHH
JeHoTaT.
Ecan
ydecTh
OTMeyeHHYI0
BbIle
(byHKUHOHAbHY!0
6uH30CTb
KOMIOHEHTOB
BepOaHOMHHaHTa
CO
CTPyKTYPHBIMH
KOMIIOHCHTaMH
(opMau om
u
OcHOBO#)
MpoHsBozHO O
ia ona,
OyAeT
AO HYHbIM
yTBEp2-
JeHHe,
TO
B
CYILHOCTH
JepHBalluad
BepOaHOMHHaHTa
He
CHHTAKCHYECKaA,
a
cmopoo6pa3z0Ba enbHad.
DyHKWHOHANbHO-ceMaHTHYeCKad
KaTe opua
[1a-
TOMbHOCTH,
B
WeHTpe
KOTOpOi— aa omb,
a
Ha
NepuiepHu
—
co eTaHHAa
laHHo o
H
Apy Hx
THMOB,
<apeHAOBala>
CHHTAKCHYeCKHe
MOACIH,
NOTY4HB-
lHe
B
Mpollecce
PasBHTHA
AepHBaUHOHHOe
3Hay¥eHHe
Ha
yPOBHe
cioBoo6pa-
30BaHHA.
Bep6aHoMunanTH,
B
Mo aBAMIOUleM
cBOeM
OOAbINHHCTBe
MpHHaqexKa-
UlHe
KHH2KHOMY
CTHJO
pe4H,
WIHPOKO
pac pocTpaHeHbI
H
MpOAOMKAlOT
ak-
THBHO
Pa3BHBaTbCH
B
COBPEMEHHBIX
BOCTOUHOCAABAHCKHX
ASBIKAX.
Ocnos-
HBbIM
<IOCTABIIHKOM>
HOBLIX
BepOaHOMHHAHTOB
B
COBPeCMEHHYI0
SMOXy
ABJIA-
e ca
HaywHaa
uw
TeXHHYecKa
JUTepa ypa,
MOTOMy
4TO
TepMHHHpOBaHHe
mpoueccos,
AelicTBHii,
ABNeHHii
He
BCeT1a
BO3MOXKHO
C
NOMOLIbIO
T1a; onoB.
Cnosoo6pasopaTesbHblii
MeXaHHSM,
NOMOAHAIOMMH
WeHTP
(byHKUHOHAIbHO-
ceMaHTH¥eCKOl
KaTe OpHH
a onbHOCTH,
He
MOXeT
Ha
KaxkUbi
cay al
«BEAT»
oTOBOe
WeAbHOOOpMeHHOe
cuoBo.
Ec ec BeHHo,
KaTe opHs
la-
TOMbHOCTH
MOOHIH3yeT
Apy He
ASBIKOBLIe
CpeACTBa,
Op aHHsal uA
KOTOPBIX
B
ONpe eseHHble
eqMHHUB
(Hanp.,
B
Bep6aHOMHHAHTH)
OpHeHTHpyeTcA
Ha
EMUHHUL
WeHTpa:
saxumaTecAa
aspoeeauo epanueil,
nodsepeaTecA
MexaHO-
Oec pykyuu,
npueodu s
x
Queepeenyuu;
saiimayya
aspazeaia apaniai,
nad-
eapeauya
mexanxadsc pykypli,
npoieodsiys
Ja
Aoieepeenyoii;
sa imaTuca
ae-
pozeaio epanie1o,
niddasa uca
Mexanodec pyKyil,
npusodu u
(npus6odu-
TU)
Oo
Queepeenyii
(cnpuxuniosaTu
Ousepeenyi ).
Muo e
TepMHHOmo H4eckHe
Bep6aHOMHHAHTH
H3
Cibepbl
HaydHO-TeXHHYe-
eKo o
cTHIA
TepeMellaioTcd
B
APy He
CTHIM,
Hamp.,
B
NyOsAMMHCTHYeCKHI:
2Cuabnunkuh
IT.
I.
Teopaa
zepupaiun
H
ee
MeCTO
B
CHCTeMe
JIHHTBHCTHYCCKHX
qucuunann—
B
xu:
Teope uueckue
acnex
xepxpanun.
Tlepmp,
1982,
c.
4.
133
Vicnonmp30panie
B
OMHOM
cayyae
BepOaHOMHHaHTOB,
a B
Apy om
—
ia o-
lop
pasHooOpasuT
onucaHHe,
AenaeT
e o
Go ee
JOXOAMHBEIM,
Hanp.:
«I
pu-
c aeku
no-,
C-
u
o-
da T
noanyi
acneKTyaAUu3saKun
(BMecTo
mos-
HocTbio
acnex yanusupyio es.—
C.
B.)
nesaeucumo
oT
sHaKeHuA
OCHOGb
2nazoaa.
[[pyeue
npuc asku
noaHOCTbIO
ACNEKTYAAUSUPYIOTCH
6
CO-
weTanuu
c
endzon~amu
pOOCTBeHHdlx
CeMAaHTUYECKUX
OCHO»
(Apuao-
pa
H.
C.
Bug
aa ona
uw
ceMaHTHKa
la ombHo o
COBa.—
M.,
1976,
c.
176);
«II
po c agxi
no-,
c-
i
o-
dawuyo
noguyio
acnekTyaa iszay
iio
nesanencHa
ad
sHa 9HHA
acHoBe.
Oseacaosa.
[HuoIA
npeic ayKi
nog acy o
acnexTyaaisywuya
§
cnaayiaHHi
3
Oseacaosami
poOHacHblx
cemaH-
owunelx
acnog>;
«lIpedixcu
no-,
c-io-0a oTs
nosHy
acnheKT
yan isa-
4i o
HesanenxHo
Bid
SHaXeHHA
OCHOBU
die
caosa.
Inwmi
npedixcu
noexic io
acnexTyaaisy
iT
oc26
cnoay enni
3
0ie
caogamu
cnopiOuenux
cemaH-
TUMHUX
OCHOB».
Bep6a oMHHaHTbI
MO yT
BOCHOJHAT
ia ouJbl
B
OTHOMICHHH
BHAA.
Taa o-
Jb
WTYpMOGAT,
WUTYPMaGaKo,
WTYpMYyeaTU
HECOBEPUIeHHO O
BUNA,
a
pep6a-
HOMHHaHTHI
H
HECOBepmeHHO O,
H
COBeplleHHO O,
Hanp.:
Opa o
(e3aTb)
wTyp-
MoM;
Gpayo
(ysa4e)
wTypmam;
Gpa u
(
e3aTu)
wTypmom.
BocnloaHAIoT
Bep-
GaHOMMHAaHTH
H
OTCYTCTByIOUUHe
ia osbHBIe
popMBI.
TaK,
B
PYCCKOM
ASbIKe
OT
ma ona
naxaTb
He
O6pa3yeTcA
AeenpHuacTHe
HecoBepileHHO O
BHAA.
S y
opmy
uMeeT
BepOaHOMHHAHT
BbiNOAHKATS
(ocyujec ean o,
npouseoduTo,
deaa b)
naxo y
—
ebinoanan
(ocymecTéAan,
npouseoda,
Oenaa)
naxo y.
To
xe
B
GeuOpyccKOM
sA3bIKe:
apays
—
(?),
ebiKoHEas
(pabiye)
sop iea—
-
BoiKoneaioxel
(pobaue )
eopoiea.
B
yKpaHHCKOM
jee pHdacTHe
HecoBepuleH-
Ho o
BHJla
OT
aa oma
opaTu
obpasye ca
—
op ouu.
OmHaKo
ynoTpeOiseTCA
OHO
pexKO,
OcOFeHHO
B
CHeHaNbHOM,
TePMHHOMOTHYCCKOM
SHAYeHHH.
3yecb
Gomee
ec ecTBeHHO
O6pas0BaHHe
OT
BepOaHOMHHAHTa
BUKONY6AaTU
(po6u u)
opanky
—
euxonyiowu
(pob auu)
opanKy:
«3aexdu
Oobpe
i
Ha
BucoKOMY
pieni
@uKOHYI04U
OpakKy
Bnonepe
cxu is,
BoHU
4YbOz0
pasy
6yau
eipxumu
cobis
(Paguonepema a)
—
«Bceeda
xopouio
u
Ha
6bicoKOM
yposxe
BbLLNOAHAR
NAXOTY
NonepeK
CKAOHOB,
OHU
uU
HA
9TOT
pas
OCTAALUCb
eep oimu
cebe .
Hepenxo
sep6aHoMHHaHTH
TOUHee
TePMHHHPyWT
Mpowecckl
Mo
cnoco6y
jlelic Bus,
UeM
CHHOHHMHM4HEIe
ia owbl.
B
oTanyne
OT
a oloB
Oec abu-
ausuposa s,
Oac abiaisasayo,
Oec abiaisyea u
BepO6aHOMHHaHTH
secTu
x
Oec a6uausayuu,
eecyi
Oa
Gac abiaisaypli,
secTu
do
Oec abiaisayii
nepe-
jao
6oslee
NPOAOMKUTeNbHOe,
HO
MeHee
HHTeHCHBHOE
AelicTBHe
C
Pesyib-
TATHBHBIM
OTTeHKOM,
Hanp.:
«[o anOcKue
KOMMYHUCTOL
PeUlUTeAbHO
OCY-
Ouau
aepeccusnolil
eneunenoauTu ecKul
KYypC
admuxnuc payuu
CILIA,
Ko-
jopui
eede
K
OecTabunAusayuu
mencOyHapoOxol
OOcCTAHOBKU>;
«Taaandckia
Kxamyxic o
pawmywa
acydsiai
aepacigxo
sHewHenaa iTolinol
xype
adminic payo i
SIA,
axi
6adse
da
OacTabiaisayoni
mioxa-
podnaii
abc anogxi»;
«Poanandcexi
Komyxic u
pi uywe
sacyOuau
aepecue-
uil
s0exiumoonoai uunu
xypc
adminic payii
CIA,
axud
eede
do
de-
135
c adinisayii
miscnapoOxoi
O6c axoeku»
(PagaucbKa
Yxpaina,
1980,
10
uous,
c.
3).
Bonee
nHTeHcHBHEIM
BocIpHHuMae ca
Jelic BHe,
BLIpaxKen-
Hoe
BepOaHOMHHaHTaMH
nodgepea s
apecTy,
nadeapeayo
apouuTy, niddaea-
Tu
apeulTy,
YeM
Ta oaMH
ApecTosa o,
apolu asays
(apoluToyeayo),
saa-
peu ysa u
(saapew osysa u).
Tna onp
akcnepumen uposa e,
skcnepo -
MeHTABAYb,
eXChepuMexTYGATU
HeiTpaNbHbl
K
ONMNO3HILMH
OHOAKTHOCTb—
MHO OaKTHOCTb
cnoco6os
jelic Busa.
Ee
TepMHHUpyloT
BepOaHOMHHaHTH
Npo-
e0du e
(nposec u)
akcnepumeXx
—nposodu s
(nposec u)
aKcnepumex o ,
npasodsiys
(npasecyi)
akcnep imex
—
npasodsiys
(npasecyi)
oKcnepol-
MeXTOL,
nposoduTU
(nposecTu)
excnepumexT
—
nposoduTu
(nposecTu)
eKc-
nepuMmexTU.
Yno pe6enne
BepO6aHoMHHaH Ta
BMecTO
CHHOHHMHYHO O
aa ona
MoxKeT
ObI h
O6ycMOBIeHO
paSIHYHBIMH
CTPYKTYPHO-CMBICAOBLIMH
OCOGeHHOCTAMH
KouTeKcTa.
3aMene,
Hanp.,
BepOaHomHHaH a
Oa
Kaaccu@uKayuo
na o-
JOM
KAaccu@uyuposa b
upensa c ByioT
Upusa aTenbHBe
“acTHHLl,
CeMaHTU-
eckud
B
CileqylolleM
KoHTeKcTe:
«MnozowucaeHHoc s
u
pasHoobpasHaa
ce-
MGQHTUKA
2NA20208,
BCTYNAIOWUx
@
BudOBYIO
ONNOSUY4UIO
BTOpOzO
TUNA,
He
nossoase
Oame
npubausuTeAbHO
OaTb
4aCTHYIO
CemMaxTUYeCKYIO
KAQC-
cugukayu
s ux
eaazoace»
(Apunosa
H.
C.
Buy
aa ona
u
ce-
MaHTHKa
Taa ombHO o
cnopa.—
M.,
1976,
c.
186).
.
Camogoc aTouHbIM,
He
Tpe6yiouluM
jOnOmHeHUA
sBaAeTcA
ykpanuckui
BepOaHOMuHHaHT
s0i icHiosaTU
HaKonueHHA
(ocyulecTBARTD
HakomeHHe)
B
OTAHUHe
OT
a ola
HaKonuyeaTu
(HaKalluBaTb)
B
NpeAnoxmennu:
«/luwe
Taka
npayA
cnpomoxHa
cTeopuTu
npodyK ,
Aku...
dae
smoey
30i icH -
6aTu
HAKONUYeHHA
Onn
OaA uWOeo
possuTKY
BupobHUYTea
TA
3ado-
BOACKHA
BcianKux
no pe6
cycnia c ea>
(Couianism
i
npaus.—
Kuis,
1978,
c.
42)
—
«ToaoKo
axoii
pyd
cnoco6ex
cosdaTo
npodyk ,
KoTopo il...
Oae
SOSMOMHOCTS
OCYWECTEGAATH
HAKONAeHUE
AAA
Oa bHe ueco
pas-
euTua
npouseodc ea
u
yOosAeTeopeHun
ecauecKux
no pebxocTeil
o6uye-
c ea».
‘PA20M
IpHYHH
OGbACHAeTCA
HEBO3MOKHOCTh
3aMeHbI
TePMHHOMO HYeCKHX
BepOaHOMHHaHTOB
B
KOHTeKcTax:
«Oxo
(nacTOumle
—
C.
B.)
pa3deaexo
na
SA2OHbL,
NOSTOMY
MOMHO
BECTU
YUKAUYHOe
CTPABAUBAHKUE,
U
BCcezda
ecTe
6
pesepse
ceéencii
Tpasoc oii»;
«Ha
(nawa—C.
B.)
pasdseaena
na
sazapadsi,
Tamy
momHa Becyi
yoiKaiunae
CT
pagaisanne,
i
sagcé-
Oo
cys
y
pasepee
ceex
Tpasac o l»
(Tomenpexaa
npayaza,
1980,
10
mona,
c.
2).
«Boxo
(nacopnuye.—
C.
B.)
posdiaene
xa
sazonu,
TOMY
MOM#KHA
6
e-
CTU
yUuKAiune
ChacysaHHa,
i
saemdUe
6
pesepsi
ceinuil
Tpasoc iil».
Bo-nepsbix,
aa omb
c pasauea e,
c payaisayp,
cnacyea u
aBnaw ca
06-
UleyNOTPeOUTEAbHBIMH
H
HMeIOT
OTTEHOK
Pas oBOpHO!
Pen,
BO-BTOPEIX,
co-
weTaHHA
HX
C
HapedHAMH,
OOpasoBaHHbIMH
OT
MpHJa aTeMbHLIx
yUKAUYADL ,
YOIKAIMHOL,
YuKAi4nuil,
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