Uni e sidade do Minho
Escola de Economia e Ges ão
Mi iam Le e
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic
on Global Supply Chains
julho de 2021
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
Mi iam Le e
UMinho |
2021
Uni e sidade do Minho
Escola de Economia e Ges ão
Mi iam Le e
The Impac o he COVID-19
Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
Disse ação
Mes ado em Negócios In e nacionais
T abalho e e uado sob a o ien ação do
P o esso a Dou o a Isabel Ma ia Machado
Co eia B ioso Dias
julho 2021
ii
DIREITOS DE AUTOR E CONDIÇÕES DE UTILIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO POR TERCEIROS
Es e é um abalho académico que pode se u ilizado po e cei os desde que espei adas as
eg as e boas p á icas in e nacionalmen e acei es, no que conce ne aos di ei os de au o e
di ei os conexos.
Assim, o p esen e abalho pode se u ilizado nos e mos p e is os na licença abaixo
indicada.
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não p e is as no licenciamen o indicado, de e á con ac a o au o , a a és do Reposi ó iUM
da Uni e sidade do Minho.
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A ibuição-NãoCome cial-SemDe i ações
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iii
Acknowledgemen s
I would like o hank, i s , my supe iso , p o esso a Isabel Ma ia Machado Co eia B ioso
Dias, o e e y hing she augh me, o he suppo and unde s anding in e e y concei able
way. I am uly g a e ul o all he kind ad ices I ecei ed and o he ime she in es ed in
suppo ing me.
Second, I would like o hank all my esponden s — o me colleagues, iends, and
amily membe s and iends o my iends — who pa icipa ed in he ques ionnai e and
wi hou whom I would no ha e been able o conduc his in es iga ion.
Fu he mo e, I would like o hank my dea amily, who a e always suppo ing me in
e e y s ep o my li e and gi e me s eng h.
I would also like o hank Julia, Saha , Sand a, and Sa ah, who a e he bes iends one
can e e imagine, always suppo ing me in e e y si ua ion o my li e.
i
DECLARAÇÃO DE INTEGRIDADE
Decla o e a uado com in eg idade na elabo ação do p esen e abalho académico e
con i mo que não eco i à p á ica de plágio nem a qualque o ma de u ilização inde ida ou
alsi icação de in o mações ou esul ados em nenhuma das e apas conducen e à sua
elabo ação.
Mais decla o que conheço e que espei ei o Código de Condu a É ica da Uni e sidade
do Minho.
STATEMENT OF INTEGRITY
I he eby decla e ha ing conduc ed his academic wo k wi h in eg i y. I con i m ha I ha e no
used plagia ism o any o m o undue use o in o ma ion o alsi ica ion o esul s along he
p ocess leading o i s elabo a ion.
I u he decla e ha I ha e ully acknowledged he Code o E hical Conduc o he
Uni e si y o Minho.

O Impac o da Pandemia da COVID-19 nas Cadeias de Abas ecimen o Globais
Resumo
A economia global so eu no a elmen e em 2020. A o alidade dos e ei os dos danos
económicos que a pandemia da COVID-19 causou na economia global pe manece ince a, uma
ez que a pandemia ainda es á em cu so. Con udo, o su gimen o da acinação de ol eu
alguma espe ança - e a con iança em impac o nas decisões polí icas à espei o de um possí el
im de lockdowns bem como nos consumido es e nas emp esas e, po an o, na economia. O
obje i o des a disse ação é o nece uma e isão bibliog á ica das di e en es o mas de
ges ão da cadeia de abas ecimen o em empos de pe u bações, bem como ap esen a os
esul ados de uma in es igação com base em dados p imá ios ecolhidos a a és de um
ques ioná io, conduzido pa a es e documen o.
O objec i o é in es iga se es as up u as nas cadeias de abas ecimen o globais,
causadas pelos bloqueios no decu so da pandemia, causa iam mudanças es u u ais ou an es
cíclicas nas cadeias de abas ecimen o globais, ou seja, se as up u as e a asos na en ega
pode iam o ça ce as emp esas a ea alia as suas es a égias de abas ecimen o,
implemen ando, po exemplo, es a égias de Backsho ing ou Resho ing.
Pa a esponde a es a pe gun a, começamos po e e um g ande núme o de a igos
cien í icos, ela i os ao impac o p e isí el - a cu o e a longo p azo - da pandemia, nas cadeias
de abas ecimen o globais. Pos e io men e, oi ealizado um inqué i o online, en e is ando
61 esponden es de di e en es indús ias, que abalha am em di e en es países. No
inqué i o, o compo amen o eal das emp esas en ol idas du an e es es pe íodos oi
inqui ido e documen ado, concen ando-se no SCM imedia amen e an es e depois do início
da pandemia e nas subsequen es pe u bações da cadeia de abas ecimen o.
O inqué i o mos a o que a maio ia dos inqui idos espe am um impac o da pandemia
sob e os SCs globais. Mui as das espec i as emp esas es ão dependen es de SC globais e,
po an o, são a e adas po pe u bações de SC. Consequen emen e, os inqui idos espe am
mudanças na es a égia de aquisição da sua espec i a emp esa num u u o p óximo. Podem
se imaginadas di e en es o mas de al e a a es a égia. Os inqui idos es ão conscien es de
que as cadeias de abas ecimen o globais muda am com o início da pandemia - e a maio ia
não ac edi a num eg esso à no malidade.
Pala as-cha e: cadeias de abas ecimen o globais, pandemia COVID-19, Ou sou cing, Resho ing
i
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
Abs ac
Global economy su e ed no ably in 2020. The ull e ec s o he economic damage ha he
COVID-19 pandemic caused o he global economy emain unce ain, as he pandemic is s ill
ongoing. Howe e , he eme gence o accina ion has es o ed some hope - his con idence
has an impac on poli ical decisions conce ning a possible end o lockdowns, p o iding hope
o consume s and businesses and, hus, o economy as a whole. The pu pose o his
disse a ion is o p o ide a li e a u e e iew o he di e en ways o managing he supply
chain in imes o dis up ion, as well as o p esen he esul s o an in es iga ion based on
p ima y da a collec ed h ough a ques ionnai e, conduc ed o his pape .
The aim is o in es iga e whe he hese dis up ions in global SCs (supply chains),
caused by blockades in he cou se o he pandemic, would cause s uc u al o a he cyclical
changes in global SCs, i.e. whe he dis up ions and deli e y delays could o ce ce ain
companies o e-e alua e hei supply s a egies by implemen ing, o example, Backsho ing
o Resho ing s a egies.
In o de o answe his ques ion, we s a ed by e iewing a la ge numbe o scien i ic
a icles, conce ning he p edic able impac - in he sho and long e m - o he pandemic on
global supply chains. Subsequen ly, an online su ey was conduc ed, in e iewing 61
esponden s om di e en indus ies, wo king in di e en coun ies. In he su ey, he ac ual
beha io o he companies in ol ed du ing hese pe iods was su eyed and documen ed,
ocusing on SCM immedia ely be o e and a e he onse o he pandemic and subsequen SC
dis up ions.
The su ey shows ha he majo i y o esponden s expec an impac o he pandemic
on global SCs. Many o he espec i e companies a e dependen on global SCs and, hus, a e
a ec ed by SC dis up ions. Consequen ly, esponden s expec changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o hei espec i e company o he nea u u e. Di e en ways o changing he
s a egy can be imagined. Responden s a e awa e ha global supply chains change wi h he
onse o he pandemic - and he majo i y do no belie e in a e u n o business as usual.
Keywo ds: global supply chains, COVID-19 pandemic, Ou sou cing, Resho ing
ii
Table o Con en s
Acknowledgemen s ................................................................................................................... iii
Resumo .......................................................................................................................................
Abs ac ..................................................................................................................................... i
Table o Con en s ...................................................................................................................... ii
Lis o Figu es ............................................................................................................................ iii
Lis o Tables ...............................................................................................................................ix
Lis o Abb e ia ions ................................................................................................................... x
1. In oduc ion ............................................................................................................................ 1
2. The COVID-19 Pandemic and he G ea Lockdown ............................................................... 2
2.1 Compa ison wi h p e ious c ises ............................................................................... 2
2.2 Impac o he Pandemic on Global Economy ................................................................. 7
3. Theo e ical App oach .......................................................................................................... 11
3.1 P oduc ion eloca ions and supply chains ..................................................................... 12
3.2 Concei able Impac o COVID-19 on Global Supply Chains in Di e en Indus ies . 17
4. Me hodology o he In es iga ion ........................................................................................ 21
4.1 Objec i es o he Su ey ................................................................................................ 22
4.2 Me hodological App oach .............................................................................................. 22
4.3 Collec ion o Da a ........................................................................................................... 23
5. Resul s o he In es iga ion .................................................................................................. 24
5.1 The Responden s ...................................................................................................... 25
5.2 The Companies ......................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Posi ion o he Responden s in he Respec i e Company ....................................... 29
5.4 Con en E alua ions ................................................................................................. 32
5.5 Main esul s o he su ey ........................................................................................ 74
6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 75
Bibliog aphy.............................................................................................................................. 78
Appendix I. Ques ionnai e in English ....................................................................................... 83
Appendix II. T ansc ip ion o answe s o all esponden s o Q29 ........................................... 90
Appendix III. Ques ionnai e in Po uguese .............................................................................. 94
Appendix IV. Ques ionnai e in Ge man ................................................................................. 101
Appendix V. Ques ionnai e in F ench .................................................................................... 108
Annex: Comple e Sample, including all answe s o each indi idual esponden .................. 115
iii
Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1. Real GDP du ing he G ea Dep ession ....................................................................... 3
Figu e 2. GDP a ma ke p ices 2002-2020 ................................................................................ 3
Figu e 3. Be e idge Cu e o Mic o Ma ke i ............................................................................ 4
Figu e 4. E olu ion o he Eu o A ea Be e idge Cu e O e he Financial C isis ....................... 5
Figu e 5. Unemploymen a e Ap il 2001- Ap il 2021, seasonally adjus ed pe cen age sha e . 6
Figu e 6. Ou sou cing s. Insou cing p ocesses ....................................................................... 15
Figu e 7. Disad an ages o O sho ing and Reasons o Resho ing ......................................... 16
Figu e 8. The impac o he G ea Lockdown on mos a ec ed indus ies ............................. 19
Figu e 9. Pe cen age sha e o ou ism on GDP ....................................................................... 20
Figu e 10. The ci cle o dec ease in imes o economic c ises and he in e en ion o he s a e
.................................................................................................................................................. 21
Figu e 11. Language he esponden s chose ........................................................................... 23
Figu e 12. Q1: Age .................................................................................................................... 25
Figu e 13. Q2: Gende .............................................................................................................. 25
Figu e 14. Q3: Educa ional backg ound ................................................................................... 26
Figu e 15. Q4: Na ionali y ........................................................................................................ 26
Figu e 16. Q5: Coun y o wo kplace ....................................................................................... 27
Figu e 17. Q6: Size o he en e p ise ........................................................................................ 28
Figu e 18. Q7: Indus ies he esponden s wo k o ................................................................ 29
Figu e 19. Q8: Depa men s he esponden s wo k o .......................................................... 29
Figu e 20. Q9: Yea s o a ilia ion o he company .................................................................. 31
Figu e 21. Q10: Pe cei ed impac o COVID-19 on global supply chains ................................. 32
Figu e 22. Q11: In e media e p oduc s pu chased by he companies .................................... 34
Figu e 23. Q12: In e media e goods pu chased om ab oad ................................................. 36
Figu e 24. Q13: Coun ies o he supplie s .............................................................................. 36
Figu e 25. Q 14: P oduc ion acili ies ab oad ........................................................................... 40
Figu e 26. Q15: Changes in SCM planned be o e COVID-19 .................................................... 42
Figu e 27. Q16: Changes in SCM in he cou se o he pandemic ............................................. 44
Figu e 28. Q17: P oblems wi h he p ocu emen o p oduc s................................................. 46
Figu e 29. P oblems in p ocu emen by indus y and size o company .................................. 47
Figu e 30. Q18: Pe cei ed p obabili y o changes in p ocu emen ......................................... 51
Figu e 31. Q19: Expec ed changes in he p ocu emen s a egy ............................................ 53
Figu e 32. Q20: Pe cei ed p obabili y o shi s in p ocu emen .............................................. 55
Figu e 33. Q22: Pe cei ed impo ance o sus ainabili y o he company .............................. 60
Figu e 34. Q23: Disposi ion o in es in mo e sus ainable SCM .............................................. 62
Figu e 35. Q24: Pe cei ed bene i s o ou sou cing .................................................................. 64
Figu e 36. Q25: Regions in which he companies sell p oduc s/se ices ................................ 65
Figu e 37. Q26: Pe cei ed dec ease in sales due o he pandemic ......................................... 67
Figu e 38. Q27: Cos -sa ing measu es due o he pandemic .................................................. 70
Figu e 39. Q28: Pe cei ed se e i y o long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 on global supply chains
.................................................................................................................................................. 70
4
V
U
ic ional
cyclical
A
B
V = acancies
U = unemploymen
A = equilib ium be ween
acancies and unemploymen
indica ion o cyclical boom =
ic ional unemploymen
B = mo e unemploymen han
acancies
indica ion o economic
dep ession = cyclical
unemploymen
Figu e 3. Be e idge Cu e o Mic o Ma ke i
A decline in GDP and, hence, an economic dep ession, is usually ollowed by ising
unemploymen a es. The Be e idge cu e ( igu e 3) can p o ide insigh o whe he he
unemploymen is cyclical (caused by an economic dep ession), ic ional (employees a e ee-
willingly swi ching hei wo k o di e en easons, such as, e.g., sala y, wo k en i onmen ,
p omo ion, e c. — howe e , ic ional unemploymen is a he low du ing economic c ises),
o s uc u al (al hough he e migh be enough acancies a ailable, e.g., a su plus demand o
labo on a ce ain sec o , howe e , unemploymen migh s ill be high, as he e migh be a he
a su plus supply o labo on ano he sec o — cyclical unemploymen migh lead o s uc u al
unemploymen i i las s o a long ime and changes he s uc u e o demand and supply on
he ma ke .
Sou ce: Flückige , Schönebe ge and Za innejadan, 1986, p. 19, as ci ed in
Sheikh and Paue , 1999, p. 427.
The de elopmen o GDP can be ega ded as indica o poin ing o he ac ha
economies in all indus ialized coun ies su e ed conside ably om he pandemic and he
egula ions by di e en lockdowns. Rising unemploymen a es, o example in indus ies like
ou ism, es au an s and ba s, in imes o lock-down con ibu e pa icula ly o alling GDP.
Unemploymen in a c isis is caused by alling demand o ce ain goods. A he same ime
unemploymen means less income o he conce ned employees, and ha once again leads
o less demand o a s ing o goods. The ela ionship be ween acancies and unemploymen

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
5
Figu e 4. E olu ion o he Eu o A ea Be e idge Cu e O e he Financial C isis
in gene al is e lec ed by he Be e idge cu e (see igu e 3). The e olu ion o he Be e idge
cu e o e a c isis is shown in igu e 4, indica ing he e ec o he Financial C isis on he
Be e idge Cu e in he Eu o A ea: he ime o p e-c isis ( ed line) wi h a he high acancy
a es, alling sha ply (g een line) in he phase o G ea ecession, wi h a ising unemploymen
a e a he same ime. The eco e y (blue line) is cha ac e ized by a obus inc ease o
acancies. The las phase o he c isis is he So e eign Deb C isis (yellow line) once again wi h
an inc ease o he unemploymen a e, indica ed by a igh wa d shi o he Be e idge cu e.
Sou ce: ECB (2014).
Thus, he c isis can be di ided in o di e en phases (c . ECB, 2014): The i s phase o
he c isis was du ing he c isis (g een line), wi h a huge inc ease o unemploymen , ollowed
by a eco e y phase (blue line), and subsequen ly by a so e eign deb c isis (yellow line). This
migh indica e a long- e m s uc u al shi on he labo ma ke , hence, s uc u al
unemploymen as a consequence o he Financial C isis (c . ibid.). Acco ding o Ma io D aghi
( o me p esiden o ECB),
"[...] es ima es, p o ided by in e na ional o ganisa ions — in pa icula , he Eu opean Commission,
he OECD and he IMF — sugges ha he [ inancial] c isis has esul ed in an inc ease in s uc u al
unemploymen ac oss he eu o a ea, ising om an a e age (ac oss he h ee ins i u ions) o 8.8%
in 2008 o 10.3% by 2013." (D aghi, as ci ed in ECB, 2014).
As a consequence o he Financial C isis, he cons uc ion indus y was hi he ha des
by unemploymen . The inc ease o he o e all unemploymen a es du ing he Financial C isis
acancy a e (%)
unemploymen a e (%)
6
esul ed in a igh wa d shi o he Be e idge cu e and, inally, in s uc u al unemploymen
— in Eu ope (c . ECB, 2014) as well as in he U.S. (c . Hobijn & Şahin, 2013, p. 567; c . Ba nichon
e al., 2011, p.1). A simila scena io — a igh wa d shi o he Be e idge cu e — can be
expec ed as a consequence o he COVID-19 c isis, howe e , a he he ou ism indus y,
a ia ion indus y, ho el indus y, and es au an s and ba s will be he indus ies hi he mos .
The wo c ises, he G ea Recession and he COVID-19 Pandemic ob iously ha e wo
a he di e en s a ing poin s. The G ea Recession s a ed wi h a c isis in one speci ic
indus y, he cons uc ion indus y in he US, in conjunc ion wi h he e olu ion o in e es
a es se by he FED (Fede al Rese e Sys em). (Spain ollowed wi h a simila c isis o i s
cons uc ion indus y). The s a ing poin o he COVID-19 c isis was comple ely di e en : he
sp ead o he i us caused go e nmen s nea ly all o e he wo ld o educe con ac s be ween
people in he own coun y by lock-down (especially cu ews and es ic ions o e ail) as well
as he closu e o bo de s o neighbo ing and o he coun ies. Ne e heless, he esul s o he
wo c ises a e pa ly compa able: unemploymen a es a e ising and GDP alls. Figu e 5
demons a es he ising unemploymen a es du ing he G ea Recession (Financial C isis) in
Figu e 5. Unemploymen a e Ap il 2001- Ap il 2021, seasonally adjus ed pe cen age sha e
Sou ce: All da a o his cha was aken om: Eu os a [2] (online da a code: une_ _m)
2009 and he subsequen yea s. In he ime be ween 2008 and 2013 unemploymen a es in
se e al coun ies a e cons an ly ising. In he ollowing yea s he a es sink, employmen
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
Unemploymen a e Ap il 2001- Ap il 2021,
seasonally adjus ed pe cen age sha e
Czechia Ge many G eece Spain
F ance I aly Po ugal No way
Uni ed Kingdom Uni ed S a es
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
7
eco e s slowly – jus un il he beginning o he pandemic in 2020. The peak o unemploymen
o he pandemic is no ye clea , bu i may be assumed, ha pa o he unemploymen will
ise in he o m o s uc u al unemploymen in he upcoming yea s.
The abo e-men ioned closu e o bo de s as well as s ops o p oduc ion in ce ain
indus ies in some coun ies, o example a he beginning o he pandemic in Wuhan/China,
had consequences o global supply chains: ce ain in e media e p oduc s had no been
deli e ed in nea - e m and achie ed i s a ge wi h conside able delay and/o in a educed
quan i y. “Recen sho ages o semiconduc o s, lumbe , and s eel a e a eminde o how
ulne able oday`s global in eg a ed supply chains can be.” (McKinsey, 2021, July 07).
The economic impac o he COVID-19 c isis appea s o be pa ially compa able o he
impac o p e ious c ises, e.g., he Financial C isis in 2008/09, which also caused dis up ions
on he labo ma ke and huge unemploymen a es, especially on he cons uc ion sec o a
ha ime (due o he ab up dec ease in demand o labo on he sec o in he cou se o he
c isis, he su plus supply o labo on ha sec o led o la ge-scale s uc u al unemploymen ).
A he same ime social inequali ies a e agg a a ing in ich coun ies, bu especially in less
de eloped coun ies like B azil (c . Wo ld Bank in B azil, 2021). Mo eo e , a so e eign deb
c isis, which can be ega ded as a second phase o he G ea Recession (c . D aghi, as ci ed in
ECB, 2014), appea s o be concei able as one o he consequences o he COVID-19 c isis.
2.2 Impac o he Pandemic on Global Economy
The COVID-19 pandemic is only pa ly compa able wi h p e ious c ises. The e ha e been o he
i us ou b eaks in he las wo decades like he Se e e Acu e Respi a o y Synd ome (SARS)
epidemic in 2002-2004 o he Middle Eas Respi a o y Synd ome (MERS) epidemic in 2012
(S ange 2020, p. 456).
Howe e , hese epidemics we e geog aphically limi ed – as compa ed o he global
phenomenon o COVID-19. In compa ison o he inancial c isis 2008/2009 COVID-19
pandemic is mul i-dimensional: go e nmen s all o e he wo ld aim a main aining public
heal h and a he same ime a oiding a plunge o na ional economies.
Jus un il he beginning o 2020, he economic si ua ion wo ldwide can be
cha ac e ized by a conside able amoun o globaliza ion. In he las decades, companies in
many coun ies o ganized a leas pa s o hei supply chains o e seas. The mos impo an
8
eason o do so su ely is he ad an age o low labo cos s in low-wage coun ies (c . Kinkel,
Malonca 2009, p. 154). In gene al, he au ho s esume:
"A la ge numbe o empi ical s udies examined he mo i es and d i e s o in e na ional p oduc ion
ac i i ies o en e p ises. Cos easons, opening up new ma ke s, access o o eign dis ibu ion
channels, access o ma e ials and goods, secu ing knowledge as well as ollowing he in es o a e
among he mos impo an mo i es he e." (Kinkel, Maloca 2009, 155).
O he easons may be jus he need o aw ma e ial, o clima e ad an age (wha may conce n
he ood indus y).
Which kinds o impac s did economies and cus ome s ha e o expe ience wi h he
beginning o he pandemic? And which indus ies su e ed he mos om he pandemic and
he lockdowns? A he beginning o he pandemic cus ome s in Eu ope had o no ice ha
ce ain o eign goods no mo e a i ed o a ce ain ime. Fo example, e ail and cus ome s in
cen al Eu ope usually ge a ce ain pa o ege ables and ui s om Spain – wi h he
beginning o he lockdown in Spain ha es e s had o s ay a home wi hin he scope o he
cu ew (c . Ho mann 2020, p. 3).
Ano he kind o es ic ion migh be expo es ic ions like he ice expo limi a ions decla ed
by Vie nam (ibid.). A special case is one o he medical p oduc s needed in he pandemic i sel ,
he su gical masks.
"China was he main p oduce o su gical masks a he s a o he c isis, accoun ing o
app oxima ely one-hal o wo ld p oduc ion (OECD 2020, pp. 5-6). Because China was he epicen e
o he ini ial COVID-19 ou b eak, howe e , i s p oduc ion was insu icien o mee i s own demand
ela ed o he pandemic, and China impo ed a huge quan i y o up o 2 billion masks du ing he
c isis. Al hough China inc eased i s mask p oduc ion en old in jus wo mon hs (Janua y-Ma ch,
2020), i was es ima ed ha global demand o su gical masks migh be en imes highe han wo ld
p oduc ion capaci y p io o he COVID-19 c isis (OECD, 2020 a)." (Ge e i 2020, p. 293).
In he beginning o he pandemic, o he indus ies like, e.g., he au omo i e indus y,
machine indus y, echnical acili ies and high- ech indus y had o deal wi h d ama ic
dis up ions o supply chains (Ho mann 2020, p. 2), due o lack o aw ma e ial as well as p e-
p oduc s like, o example, s eel and lumbe as well as semiconduc o s (see abo e; u he
examples o supply chain dis up ions see chap e 3.2).
Dis up ions o supply chains also e e o logis ics. As he pandemic s a ed in China, i
was he i s coun y o decla e a lock-down and o educe conside ably he p oduc ion o
goods in ce ain egions. Thus, in he beginning o 2020 China expo ed conside ably less
goods han planned. Bu in his ime goods om Eu ope and USA s ill a i ed by con aine s.
A he end o he i s qua e 2020 he e we e huge amoun s o emp y con aine s lying in
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
9
Chinese po s – mo e han 5 million TEU (Twen y- oo Equi alen Uni ) emp y con aine
capaci y. Those con aine capaci ies we e missing in Eu ope. And ha mean Eu opean
companies had o ace es ic ions o oppo uni ies o expo goods (Ho mann 2020, 5).
Emp y con aine s lying in Asia in e e ing anspo a ion o goods om Eu ope o he
US a e jus one example o dis up ion o a supply chain, his ime due o dis up ion o anspo
oppo uni ies. In gene al, "[…] he global economy is so in e -connec ed h ough GVCs and
in e na ional mo emen s o people, capi al, goods and se ices. T ade in in e media e goods
and se ices accoun o o e 60% o o al in e na ional ade" (S ange 2020, 456).
Mul ina ional En e p ises play a p ominen ole in global ade ei he as expo e s o as
impo e s, o en "simul aneously on bo h ends o he shipmen " (ibid.).
All in all, i was ound he e a e no oo many companies le which had no been
impac ed by he pandemic. "A su ey published on Ma ch 28 by he Cha e ed Ins i u e o
P ocu emen and Supply ound ha 86% o supply chains a e impac ed by he COVID-19
pandemic […]. This has led o calls in he popula managemen p ess o he de elopmen o
mo e esilien supply chains […] and supply chain eco e y scena ios […]" ( an Hoek 2020, p.
342).
Economic ou pu declined by -3.3% wo ldwide in 2020 (see abo e, able 1). This
decline applies o di e en deg ees in di e en coun ies and is mo e p onounced in he
ad anced economies (-4.7%) han in he eme ging and de eloping economies (-2.2%). Wi hin
he ad anced economies, he Eu ozone (a -6.6%) is almos wice as badly a ec ed as he USA
(-3.5%). The Sou hwes Eu opean coun ies (Spain, I aly, F ance) a e hi ha de han Ge many.
The Uni ed Kingdom is also signi ican ly a ec ed wi h -9.9%. Fo he yea 2021 as well as o
2022, clea end e e sals, i.e., posi i e ou pu s again, a e p edic ed o all coun ies.

10
Table 1. IMF La es Wo ld Economic Ou look G ow h P ojec ions 2020, 2021, 2022
Sou ce: IMF Ap il 2021, Wo ld Economic Ou look
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
11
Al eady in June 2020, he Wo ld Bank expec s "long- e m sca ing e ec s om COVID-
19" (Wo ld Bank G oup [2], June 2020, p. 160):
"E en his bleak ou look is subjec o g ea unce ain y and signi ican downside isks. The o ecas
assumes ha he pandemic ecedes in such a way ha domes ic mi iga ion measu es can be li ed
by mid-yea in ad anced economies and la e in de eloping coun ies, ha ad e se global
spillo e s ease du ing he second hal o 2020, and ha widesp ead inancial c ises a e a oided.
This scena io would en ision global g ow h e i ing, albei modes ly, o 4.2% in 2021.
Howe e , his iew may be op imis ic. Should COVID-19 ou b eaks pe sis , should es ic ions
on mo emen be ex ended o ein oduced, o should dis up ions o economic ac i i y be
p olonged, he ecession could be deepe . Businesses migh ind i ha d o se ice deb , heigh ened
isk a e sion could lead o climbing bo owing cos s, and bank up cies and de aul s could esul in
inancial c ises in many coun ies. Unde his downside scena io, global g ow h could sh ink by
almos 8% in 2020." (Wo ld Bank G oup [1], June 08, 2020).
Fu he mo e,
"[...] S uc u al changes in p oduc ion, consume beha io , and wo k pa e ns [a e concei able].
The agili y o he global ading sys em, highligh ed by dis up ions in global alue chains, and by
sho ages o essen ial goods in many coun ies du ing he COVID-19 ou b eak, may lead
go e nmen s and i ms o eassess he bene i s o low-cos , o -sho e sou cing." (Wo ld Bank
G oup [2], June 2020, p. 166).
In case ADVs (ad anced economies) would change hei sou cing s a egies by
implemen ing esho ing o nea sho ing s a egies, his would no only cause s uc u al
changes in ce ain indus ies bu also on he espec i e labo ma ke s o hese indus ies.
3. Theo e ical App oach
The dis up ions o supply chains, men ioned abo e, caused by he ou b eak o he pandemic
and he ollowing lockdowns came a a ime globaliza ion had eached i s jus un il now
highes le el. Howe e , globaliza ion was no aken as he only way o o ganizing economies
wo ldwide. “The Co id-19 pandemic has come a a ime when globaliza ion was al eady unde
h ea because o conce ns in many coun ies abou so e eign y, na ional secu i y and he
unequal dis ibu ion o he bene i s om globaliza ion.” (S ange 2020, 463). The mos amous
example is he ade wa agains China as well as agains some Eu opean indus ies he US-
adminis a ion had s a ed in he second hal o Mis e T ump’s p esidency.
In imes o a global pandemic like he cu en one, global alue chains (GVC) ob iously
a e ulne able due o locked ac o ies, closed bo de s and dis up ed anspo a ion ways.
The e o e, i shall be discussed,
12
• why economies in he las decades wo ldwide ha e been o ganized wi h a high le el
o global alue chains?
• why do companies ou sou ce pa s o hei p oduc ion?
• and wha a e he ad an ages and he disad an ages o di e en kinds o ou sou cing?
3.1 P oduc ion eloca ions and supply chains
The meaning o ou sou cing is o ans e a pa o he p oduc ion o ano he company.
"Ou sou cing e e s o he p ac ice o ans e ing ac i i ies adi ionally done wi hin a i m o
hi d pa y p o ide s wi hin he coun y o 'o sho e' " (Sen & Shiel 2006, p. 145). The e a e
se e al easons o a company o sou ce ou ce ain pa s o he p oduc ion p ocess o hi d
pa ies. The i s examples o buying se ices om a hi d pa y occu ed decades ago.
Companies ans e ed pa s o he p oduc ion o supplie s, i and when he company did no
ha e he compe ency in e nally. Examples a e he publishe , ou sou cing he p in ing o he
books; o he au omo i e manu ac u e , pu chasing windows and maybe e en he ins alla ion
o he windows. In bo h cases, he company ou sou ces a pa o he p oduc ion which is no
hei key compe ence.
Today he i s and su ely mos impo an eason o ou sou ce a pa o he p oduc ion
is o cu cos . Ve y o en, companies a e sea ching o he bene i s om lowe wages in o he
coun ies, especially in de eloping coun ies. I is es ima ed " ha abou 70% i ms ou sou ce
o cu cos (Smi h 2006)" (Iqbal, Dad 2013, p. 96). In he case o ans e ing he p oduc ion o
an in e media e p oduc o a o eign coun y – ei he on he same con inen o o e seas,
O sho ing can be explained as one op ion o implemen ing ou sou cing (howe e , wi h ising
wages in se e al de eloping coun ies his ad an age could slowly go back.) In he las wo
decades, especially he au omo i e indus y deal wi h p oduc ion ne wo ks in di e en
coun ies. "Since he ea ly 2000s, ie ce ma ke compe i ion has o ced au omo i e companies
o expand he geog aphical scope o hei p oduc ion ne wo ks, and also o keep p oduc ion
cos s unde con ol. This has igge ed e ical specializa ion in he Eu opean au omo i e
alue chains." (Ge ocs, Pinkasz 2019, p. 172).
A second eason o ou sou cing by a company is o pu chase se ices like IT, human
esou ces and inance unc ions. By ou sou cing hose se ices, he company is able o
concen a e on i s key compe encies (c . Iqbal & Dad 2013). The company migh o example
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
13
buy IT se ices p o ided by a eam wi h long ime expe ience as long as he company did no
ye build up an own IT eam. Ou sou cing human esou ce o inance unc ions migh also be
a ques ion o economies o scale. Smalle en e p ises a e likely o ind ou , ha building an
own human esou ce eam could be mo e expensi e and less e icien han o buy his se ice
om an en e p ise wi h skilled pe sonnel.
“O he key d i e s o o sho e ou sou cing include access o global alen pool, … and
eaching he global ma ke s, imp o ing se ice quali y …” (Iqbal, Dad 2013, p. 96). Access o
global alen pool means, o ge in con ac wi h e y quali ied pe sonnel in o he coun ies
which may be o in e es o he company on he long un. Buying in e media e p oduc s o
se ices in o he coun ies a he same ime can help o build con ac s o o eign ma ke s. In
his case ou sou cing can be p o i able in wo ways: as a cos -cu ing measu e as well as a
suppo o sales s a egy in a new ma ke .
An al e na i e o ou sou cing o sho e in he o m o buying se ices om o he
companies is he cap i e o sho ing: cap i e o sho e cen e s a e “ope a ion cen e s ha a e
loca ed in low-cos coun ies and a e owned and managed by he co po a ion hey se e.”
(Chandok, Kek e & Khe a pal 2013). The business lines o cap i e o sho e cen e s
p edominan ly a e sha ed business se ices, IT, enginee ing and R&D (ibid.).
A a ian o he s a egy o ou sou cing can be Fo eign Di ec In es men (FDI): The
company pu chases sha es o an en e p ise in a o eign coun y. The ad an age o di ec
in es men is o gain in luence on decisions o he conce ned company. Commonly en pe
cen sha eholding a e ega ded as su icien o ha e a leas a ce ain con ol o e he policy
o he in es ed company (Moosa, 2002). Tha may imply o example an in luence on he
eliabili y o he supply chain. The alua ion o FDI di e s conside ably depending on he
au ho o he poli ical posi ion.
“The iews on his issue a e so di e se, alling be ween he ex eme o ega ding FDI as symbolizing
new colonialism o impe ialism, and he o he ex eme o iewing i as some hing wi hou which
he hos coun y canno su i e.” (Moosa, 2002, p. 3).
Finally, ou wa d FDI some imes is ega ded as a sou ce o unemploymen which means
FDI is hold accoun able o ising unemploymen in ce ain indus ialized coun ies. Rega dless
o i s alua ion FDI has been conside ably inc easing in he las yea s o wen ie h cen u y
(Moosa 2002).
The ad an ages o ou sou cing, esul ing in globaliza ion, we e desc ibed.
Ne e heless, ou sou cing also bea s a s ing o possible disad an ages. The ealiza ion o
20
b ea hing masks" (Ge e i 2020, p. 290). A e he beginning o he pandemic, many coun ies
ied o become less dependen on o eign supplie s o medical goods.
A e he i s shock o he pandemic and ob ious in e up ions o supply chains in
se e al indus ies, go e nmen s o de eloped coun ies add essed he leading companies o
eassess hei supply chain policy wi h he aim o implemen a mo e economic sel - eliance
and au onomy in gene al, i.e., implemen ing esho ing s a egies. "Japan`s COVID-19 s imulus
includes subsidies o i ms ha epa ia e ac o ies. Eu opean Union o icials alk o "s a egic
au onomy and a e c ea ing a und o buy s akes in i ms." (The Economis 2020, May 14, as
ci ed in: Ve beke 2020, p. 445).
Figu e 9. Pe cen age sha e o ou ism on GDP
Sou ce: OECD [1] da a Tou ism S a is ics: Key ou ism indica o s (Tou ism di ec GDP co esponds o he pa o GDP
gene a ed by all indus ies di ec ly in con ac wi h isi o s. Da a a e shown as a pe cen age sha e o o al GDP).
So a , alue chains only ha e been discussed by analyzing he ela ionship be ween
one supplie and he espec i e pu chasing company. Howe e , alue chains usually consis
o se e al s eps, which means he buye is a supplie o o he companies a he same ime,
e c. Consequen ly, i he supply chain is in e up ed a one poin , i will ha e consequences
o bo h, he buye as well as o his cus ome s. This e ec , also known as he ipple e ec ,
may be demons a ed by he example o he au omo i e indus y: A Japanese ca ac o y had
o suspend he p oduc ion o in e media e p oduc s a i s ac o y in Ko ea due o a dis up ion
o supply by a Chinese company (c . I ano 2020).
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
21
Sou ce: g aph was c ea ed by he au ho
Conside ing he phenomena desc ibed, he pandemic and i s consequences can be
explained as a ci cle (see igu e 10). When he pandemic eached ce ain pikes, s a es
decla ed lockdowns by cu ews. As o he i s lockdown, he manu ac u ing indus y (e.g.
Ge man au omo i e indus y) was hi ha d by p oduc ion s ops. Those companies had o s op
o a leas educe hei p oduc ion, hence, hese companies demanded less supplies. Supplie s
we e o ced o cu jobs o o a ange pa - ime jobs. As a consequence, employees ecei ed
lowe incomes, hei pu chasing powe dec eased, which esul ed in lowe p o i s o mos
companies. In o de o s abilize he demand by consume s, in many coun ies he s a e
p o ided unemploymen bene i s o employees who los hei jobs. This way s a es ied o
in e up a icious ci cle, in mos cases wi h conside able e ec .
4. Me hodology o he In es iga ion
The p esen chap e se es as an explana ion o he objec i es o he su ey (4.1),
in es iga ing he concei able impac o he pandemic on global supply chains. The
composi ion o he ques ionnai e will be explained in he heo e ical app oach (4.2). Chap e
4.3 sheds ligh on he me hod how da a was collec ed — a desc ip ion o he sample o
esponden s, as well as he conduc o he in e iews (online) will be explained.
dec ease in
pu chasing
powe
job cu s
lowe
income
employees/
consume s
supplie s
dec easing demand
companies
educed p oduc ion
s a e
banks
lowe
p o i s
Figu e 10. The ci cle o dec ease in imes o economic c ises and he in e en ion o he s a e
22
4.1 Objec i es o he Su ey
The main aim o he p esen in es iga ion is o obse e whe he he se e e dis up ions o
global supply chains, which a ose in 2020 due o he pandemic and i s lockdowns in mos pa s
o he wo ld, will ha e an immedia e impac o migh e en ha e a longe - e m impac on
global supply chains. The su ey was designed, in o de o in es iga e he expe iences
employees ga he ed in imes o he pandemic and hei es ima ions o he p esen and u u e
de elopmen o hei company as well as he economy as a whole. The ques ionnai e con ains
29 ques ions. Employees wo king wi h companies o di e en sizes and in di e en indus ies
(and in di e en coun ies) we e in e iewed. The aim was o gain a i s imp ession, which
kind o companies (by size, as well as by indus y) a e mos a ec ed and he possible
esolu ions conce ning hei company's supply chain, acco ding o he pe sonal opinion o he
esponden s.
The in es iga ion was conduc ed, in o de o asce ain whe he he e migh be a
cu en endency o small, medium-sized, o mul ina ional companies o implemen changes
in hei company’s supply chain. Fu he mo e, i will be examined which indus ies a e mo e
a ec ed. The esea ch ques ion o he p esen disse a ion is: "Will he COVID-19 pandemic
ha e long- e m o a he sho - e m e ec s on global supply chains?".
The su ey aims o ob ain he esponden sˈ assessmen s o he ollowing ques ions:
How will he economy de elop du ing he pandemic? How do employees in a ious indus ies
assess he impac o he pandemic on supply chains? Do he esponden s expec a change in
SCM in hei company? And i so, in wha di ec ion? The ex en o which assessmen s a e
condi ioned by he size o he company in ques ion and he indus y o which i belongs is
examined. Possibili ies o eo ien ing SCM a e discussed.
4.2 Me hodological App oach
The ques ionnai e was compiled by he au ho . I includes a) ques ions on ac s (e.g., "In which
coun ies does you company pu chase p oduc s?"); b) ques ions on es ima ions ("Do you
hink a change in you company's p ocu emen s a egy […] is likely?"); c) ques ions on
s a egic p oposi ions (e.g., "Which changes in he p ocu emen s a egy o you company
could you imagine?". In o de o ecei e answe s o hese abo e men ioned issues, ques ions
we e o mula ed in di e en ypes — ei he as a) open ques ions; b) mul iple choice
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
23
ques ions, some o which p o iding he oppo uni y o choose mul iple answe s; c) ques ions
o be a ed on a scale.
The co e o he in es iga ion is he su ey wi h 61 in e iews. The sample was compiled
by acquain ances and snowball sys em. The ela ion o esponden s o he au ho is
cha ac e ized by di e en social ci cums ances — anging om iends a he uni e si y (in
Ge many and Po ugal), neighbo s, ela i es in he amily, and snowball sys em. Mos o he
esponden s we e add essed pe sonally ia e-mails. The esponden s gained access o he
ques ionnai e online h ough he ollowing link: h ps://www.um ageonline.com/s/74ed961.
In sum, he con en o he ques ionnai e can be desc ibed as ollows:
Ques ions conce ning…
• … he pe son (age, gende , educa ional backg ound, and na ionali y)
• … he company (size and indus y)
• … he supply chains o he espec i e company (pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s om ab oad; egions o he supplie s; p oduc ion acili ies ab oad)
• … he impac o he pandemic on he company's p ocu emen s a egy
• … sus ainabili y as po en ial in e e ing ac o , wi h ega d o changes in p ocu emen
• … sales ab oad
4.3 Collec ion o Da a
In o al, 61 esponden s om di e en coun ies, ye wi h simila educa ional backg ound
pa icipa ed in he online su ey. The ques ionnai e was a ailable in ou languages: English,
Po uguese, Ge man, and F ench. Thus, esponden s we e able o answe in he language hey
p e e ed.
Figu e 11. Language he esponden s chose
Ge man: 32
English: 18
Po uguês:
8
F ançais: 3
24
* A e y de ailed e sion o he ques ionnai e is documen ed in English,
Po uguese, Ge man, and F ench in he appendixes, he English e sion
also includes he esul s o each ques ion.
The su ey was ca ied ou du ing he ime Sep embe h ough Decembe 2020. The
spec um o he esponden s’ line o wo k is qui e di e se (see chap e 4.2). The esponden s
a e wo king in di e en indus ies, di e en depa men s, and he companies hey wo k o
a e small, medium-sized and mul ina ional companies.
The main aim o he in es iga ion is o asce ain whe he he e migh be a cu en
endency o small, medium-sized, o mul ina ional companies o implemen changes in hei
company’s supply chain. Fu he mo e, i will be examined which indus ies a e mo e a ec ed.
The i s 10 ques ions o he su ey a e s a is ical ques ions, me ely ocusing on he
esponden s' pe sonal, educa ional, and p o essional backg ound, as well as a b oad
ca ego iza ion o he companies hey wo k o . As o ques ions 11-29, he esponden s we e
asked o p o ide hei pe sonal opinion on he impac o COVID-19 on he supply chains o
hei espec i e company, on global supply chains, and on he economy as a whole. The
esponden s we e asked abou he cu en si ua ion o he company hey a e wo king wi h,
ega ding he supply chains, hei subjec i e e alua ion o he possible impac o he COVID-
19-Pandemic on hei espec i e indus y, as well as he concei able s a egies o hei
companies in hose imes.
5. Resul s o he In es iga ion
In his chap e , he esul s o he p esen in es iga ion will be p esen ed. On he one hand,
esponses we e in e p e ed on he basis o he cu en poli ical and economic si ua ion. On
he o he hand, collec ed da a was analyzed, ex ac ing esponses wi h ega d o ce ain
g oups and compiling c oss ables. In 5.1, gene al in o ma ion on he esponden s a e
p esen ed. 5.2 p o ides an o e iew on he companies he esponden s wo k o . 5.3
desc ibes he posi ion o he esponden s in hei espec i e company. 5.4 p o ides insigh
in o he esponden s' pe cep ion o he cu en pandemic si ua ion in gene al, as well as SCs
and sou cing s a egies o hei espec i e companies. In chap e 5.5, he main esul s o he
in es iga ion will be p esen ed.
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
25
5.1 The Responden s
In o de o ensu e he ep esen a i e s a us o he su ey, se e al s a is ical ques ions we e asked.
A i s , he esponden s will be desc ibed wi h hei s a is ical cha ac e is ics — like age,
gende , educa ional backg ound, na ionali y, and place o wo k:
Age: Nea ly hal o he pa icipan s (47.5%) belong o he g oup o young adul s, aged
18-30 yea s. E e y hi d o he pa icipan s (34.4%) is 30-40 yea s old. A smalle pa — 16.4%
— belongs o he g oup o 40-60 yea s old. Me ely one pa icipan — which means 1.6% —
has passed 60 yea s.
Figu e 12. Q1: Age
Gende : The nume ical ela ionship o male o emale esponden s is 2 o 3: 41% male
and 59% emale esponden s.
Figu e 13. Q2: Gende
Educa ional backg ound: Mos o he esponden s — nea ly ou ou o i e — ha e
iled an academic deg ee: 28% Bachelo 's deg ee; 46% Mas e 's deg ee; and 10% Doc o /PhD.
7% o esponden s iled an app en iceship and 10% a high school deg ee. As he absolu e
majo i y o esponden s ha e pu sued an academic deg ee, his ques ion was no used as a
backg ound a iable, dis inguishing di e en le els o educa ional backg ound.
18-30
yea s:
48%
30-40
yea s:
34%
40-50
yea s:
8%
50-60 yea s:
8%
>60 yea s:
2%
emale:
59%
male:
41%

26
Figu e 14. Q3: Educa ional backg ound
Na ionali y: Hal o he esponden s ha e he Ge man na ionali y (29 ou o 61). 7 a e
o Swiss o F ench o igin. 15 ha e a Sou he n Eu opean na ionali y. 8 esponden s ha e hei
oo s in Middle Eas o India. 5 ha e an Ame ican na ionali y (4 om B azil, 1 om he U.S.).
(Th ee o he esponden s ha e wo na ionali ies.).
Figu e 15. Q4: Na ionali y
Place o wo k: Co esponding o he na ionali y, he wo kplace o he esponden s
p edominan ly is si ua ed in Ge many: 36 cases (ou o 61 in o al). 8 o he wo kplaces a e
loca ed in Po ugal, 13 in o he Eu opean coun ies, 4 a e si ua ed on o he con inen s. Tha
means: The wo kplaces o he esponden s a e a he concen a ed in Eu ope, howe e , he
numbe o na ionali ies is sligh ly mo e di e se, as a ce ain pa o he esponden s is no
wo king in hei espec i e coun y o o igin.
highschool deg ee: 9.8%
app en iceship: 6.6%
Bachelo 's deg ee: 27.9%
Mas e 's deg ee: 45.9%
Doc o / PhD: 9.8%
Ge man
Po uguese
F ench
I alian
B azilian
Swiss
Egyp ian
Indian
B i ishC oa ian
Spanish
Jo danian Cyp us
Sy ian
RomanianI an Ame ican (U.S.)
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
27
Figu e 16. Q5: Coun y o wo kplace
This ques ion was designed, in o de o ge an idea o whe e in Eu ope and in he wo ld
a la ge he esponden s o his su ey ha e hei wo kplace. The ini ial in en ion was o use
his ques ion as a backg ound a iable o he e alua ion o o he ques ions, howe e , i
u ned ou ha , on he one hand, he dis ibu ion o he esponden s is no e enly dis ibu ed
ac oss he di e en coun ies and, on he o he hand, he esponden s in he espec i e
coun ies a e also no p opo ionally dis ibu ed ac oss he sec o s and company sizes.
The e o e, he ques ion conce ning wo kplaces o he esponden s could me ely be used as a
backg ound a iable o he analysis o his su ey in ew cases.
5.2 The Companies
In o de o asce ain whe he , e.g., SMEs (small and medium-sized en e p ises) migh be hi
ha de du ing he pandemic, ques ion no. 6 ( igu e 17) sheds ligh on he size o he company
he esponden is wo king o . The ca ego iza ion o smalle i ms is in acco dance wi h he
classi ica ion o SMEs by he Eu opean Commission (see able 2).
Table 2. SME de ini ion acco ding o he Eu opean Commission
Sou ce: Eu opean Commission (2009)
Hal o he esponden s a e wo king wi h sizeable en e p ises wi h mo e han 500
employees (47.5% o all esponden s). The o he hal is dis ibu ed among he ca ego ies:
Ge many: 59%
Po ugal: 13%
I aly: 7%
Uni ed Kingdom: 7%
Swi ze land: 5%
F ance: 2%
Belgium: 2%
Jo dan: 2%
Saudi A abia: 2%
La Réunion: 2%
Uni ed S a es: 2%
28
Figu e 17. Q6: Size o he en e p ise
Indus ies (see below, igu e 18, ques ion no. 7): The sample included a wide ange o
indus ies, in which he esponden s a e wo king — p oduc i e indus ies as well as se ices.
In o de o p o ide an imp ession o he wo b oad ields, p oduc i e indus ies and se ices
we e di ided in o wo g oups.
P oduc i e indus ies a e ep esen ed by esponden s as ollows — in absolu e igu es:
• ood indus y: 5
• au omo i e indus y: 4
• me al indus y: 3
• machine cons uc ion/mechanical enginee ing: 2
• chemical indus y: 3
• ex ile indus y: 2
• cons uc ion indus y: 1
• o he (oil indus y): 1
The ield o se ices included:
• medical sec o : 12
• pha maceu ical: 3
• consul ing (IT consul ing, managemen cons., ax cons., audi ): 8
• IT de elopmen : 4
• banks and insu ance companies: 3
• ou ism: 2
• e ail: 2
• ene gy supply: 1
• anspo & logis ics: 2
• educa ion & adminis a ion: 3
This ques ion was used as a backg ound a iable o he in es iga ion o se e al o he
ques ions la e in he ques ionnai e. As o some ques ions, i appea ed o be mo e
app op ia e o use me ely he p oduc i e indus ies as a backg ound a iable (e.g., as o
1-9 employees:
9.8% 10-49
employees:
13.1%
50-249
employees:
21.3%
250-500 employees:
8.2%
> 500
employees:
47.5%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
29
ques ions me ely conce ning supply chains o he companies, whe e an in es iga ion o
di e ences in se ice indus ies is no use ul, as se ice indus ies ba ely pu chase goods). As
o o he ques ions hough (e.g., gene al ques ions conce ning he esponden s' pe sonal
opinion on he impac o he pandemic), i appea ed o be use ul o di ide he indus ies in o
4 g oups (g oup 1: p oduc i e indus ies; g oup 2: medical & pha maceu ical sec o ; g oup 3:
IT, consul ing, banks & insu ances; g oup 4: es o he se ice sec o s).
5.3 Posi ion o he Responden s in he Respec i e Company
Two ques ions we e asked o shed ligh on he posi ion o he esponden s in hei espec i e
company: Ques ion no. 8 (see below, igu e 19) was designed, in o de o ind ou which
spec um o compe encies is ep esen ed in he sample, asking o he depa men he
espec i e esponden is wo king o .
Figu e 19. Q8: Depa men s he esponden s wo k o
* The pe cen age sha es ha e been ounded up, hus, he o al sum is sligh ly di e en om 100% (96%)
* Al hough medical ca e usually is no conside ed a depa men , as his in es iga ion is concen a ed on economic consequences o
a medical issue, a numbe o medical doc o s ha e been in e iewed as well.
cons uc ion : 1 ood: 5
me al: 3 machine
cons uc ion /
mechanical
enginee ing: 2
au omo i e: 4
ex ile: 2
chemical: 3
pha maceu ical: 3
medical sec o : 12
IT: 4
consul ing: 8
ene gy supply: 1
banks & insu ance:
3
ou ism: 2 e ail: 2
educa ion/adminis
a ion: 3
anspo &
logis ics: 2
o he (oil indus y):
1
Acc oun ing &
Finance: 15%
Ad iso y: 7%
Human Resou ces: 5 %
IT: 8%
Ma ke ing: 13%
Medical Ca e: 13%
P ocu emen : 10%
P oduc ion: 7%
Resea ch &
De elopmen : 5%
Sales: 7%
O he : 10%
Figu e 18. Q7: Indus ies he esponden s wo k o
36
Figu e 23. Q12: In e media e goods pu chased om ab oad
* Columns in his cha (y axis) ep esen he pe cen age sha e o
o al esponden s (61). The x axis has o be unde s ood as es-
ponse op ions o ques ion 12 conce ning he pe cen age sha e
o in e media e goods he companies pu chase om ab oad.
Ques ion no. 13 (see below, igu e 24) was designed in o de o cla i y he geog aphical
dis ibu ion o he companies’ supply chains: "In which coun ies does you company pu chase
(in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec he egion(s)." The coun ies in which (in e media e)
p oduc s a e pu chased a e sp ead all o e he wo ld — he e is li e ally no egion ha has
no been men ioned, and many companies buy p oduc s in se e al coun ies and egions —
wi h ce ain ocuses. The i s ocus is, o cou se, Eu ope — which was o be expec ed, as mos
o he companies in he p esen sample (56 ou o 61) a e based in Eu ope: 64% epo Cen al
and Wes e n Eu ope; 41% Eas e n Eu ope; 33% Sou he n Eu ope; and 23% No he n Eu ope.
Ano he ocus is China, whe e 41% o he companies pu chase p oduc s; ollowed by India
(21%), No h Ame ica (21%), Sou he n A ica (16%) and Sou h-Eas Asia (13%) (see igu e 24).
Figu e 24. Q13: Coun ies o he supplie s
* Columns in his cha ep esen pe cen age sha es o 61 esponden s.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
30%
12%
28%
12%
18%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Cen al & Wes e n Eu ope
Sou he n Eu ope
No he n Eu ope
Eas e n Eu ope
No he n A ica
Cen al & Wes A ica
Sou he n A ica
No he n Asia
Wes e n Asia
China
India
Eas Asia
Sou h-Eas Asia
No h Ame ica
Sou h Ame ica
Aus alia & New Zealand
My company does no …

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
37
The si ua ion ha dly changes, ega ding ce ain g oups o sec o s: me al indus y,
machine cons uc ion/mechanical enginee ing and au omo i e indus y. G ouping hese
indus ies in o one g oup, all o hem buy goods a ound he wo ld, howe e , he ocus o
pu chasing geog aphically emains Eu opean coun ies, and China s ill comes second. Exac ly
he same applies o he g oup chemical, pha maceu ical indus ies and medical sec o .
Companies belonging o he p oduc i e indus ies epo , on a e age, ou egions in he
wo ld, whe e hey a e buying in e media e p oduc s. In con as , ega ding he g oup o
se ice sec o s like IT de elopmen , consul ing and banks and insu ances, he si ua ion is
di e en : Employees wo king in one o hese se ice sec o s, men ioned less egions in he
wo ld, and he ocus sligh ly shi s: Eu ope is s ill absolu ely in he lead, howe e , he second
ank o he egions, whe e hose sec o s a e pu chasing in e media e p oduc s, is No h
Ame ica. Ne e heless, i has o be aken in o accoun ha he pa icipan s in his su ey a e
wo king o di e en indus ies in di e en coun ies, hus, he sample is b oadly di e si ied.
Fu he mo e, wi h he pandemic s ill ongoing, his me ely allows a i s app oxima ion.
Table 6 shows he coun ies, in which he companies om his sample a e pu chasing
p oduc s, highligh ing me ely ce ain selec ed p oduc i e indus ies, as hese indus ies a e
mo e in e es ing o in es iga e when i comes o global supply chains ( he se ice indus ies
ba ely pu chase p oduc s om ab oad — and i hey do, i is mos ly IT p oduc s). Table 6
demons a es ha he ood indus y is basically pu chasing all o e he wo ld, whe eas, o
example, he ex ile indus y is a he pu chasing o m Sou he n Eu ope (50%) and Wes e n
Asia (50%), China (100% o esponden s om his indus y s a e his as one o he egions hei
company is pu chasing om) and India (50%), he au omo i e indus y mainly pu chases om
Eu ope, China (75%), and No h Ame ica (25%). As o he chemical indus y, he main egions
o p ocu emen a e si ua ed in Eu ope, howe e , his indus y also pu chases om China
(67%), India (67%), No h Ame ica (33%), and Sou he n A ica (33%). As o machine
cons uc ion, his indus y mainly pu chases goods om Eu ope, a g ea pa om Asia, and
o a ce ain ex en om A ica.
38
Table 6. Regions o supplie s by selec ed p oduc i e indus ies
The egions o supplie s companies choose could be di e en in e ms o ade
adi ions as well as geog aphical aspec s. The e o e, ques ion 13 ( egions o supplie s) is
analyzed ega ding he coun ies o wo kplace. Table 7 shows ha all companies si ua ed in
Eu ope ha e a leas one main ocus o p ocu emen wi hin Eu opean egions. High
p opo ions o companies om Ge many, Po ugal, I aly, and F ance pu chase in e media e
goods in China as well. Companies om Po ugal and I aly a e also pu chasing om Sou h
A ica o a ce ain ex en . Fu he mo e, I alian companies pu chase in e media e goods in
Eas - and Sou h-Eas Asia, as well as in No h Ame ica. One example shows he impo ance o
geog aphical p oximi y: The esponden wo king in Saud A abia s a es ha his company is
pu chasing goods om Wes e n Asia, China, and India.
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
39
Table 7. Regions o supplie s by coun y o wo kplace
In o de o ecei e a comple e imp ession o he si ua ion, he esponden s we e also
asked whe he hei company has i s own p oduc ion acili ies ab oad, which deli e goods o
he home coun y (ques ion no. 14, see below, igu e 25). As o his ques ion, mul iple
answe s we e allowed. Exac ly 50% o all companies in his sample ha e p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad, each o hem, on a e age, in wo di e en egions in he wo ld. As o p oduc ion
acili ies ab oad, Eu ope is s ill he mos impo an con inen o all indus ies ep esen ed in
he cu en sample, 36% o he esponden s speci ied hei company has p oduc ion acili ies
in Cen al and Wes e n Eu ope, ollowed by Eas e n Eu ope wi h 21%, Sou he n Eu ope wi h
20%, and No he n Eu ope wi h 13%. 26% o he companies ha e acili ies in No h Ame ica,
ollowed by China wi h 21%. Especially he g oup o se ice sec o s: IT, consul ing, banks and
insu ance companies ha e hei own acili ies in Eu ope and No h Ame ica. As o he g oup
o p oducing sec o s, he si ua ion changes sligh ly: Fi s o all, hese companies hold
p oduc ion acili ies in Eu ope, ollowed by China, No h Ame ica, and Sou h Ame ica.
Fu he mo e, a smalle numbe o companies also holds p oduc ion acili ies in India (10%),
Sou h-Eas Asia (12%), Sou he n A ica (8%), and o he s.
40
Figu e 25. Q 14: P oduc ion acili ies ab oad
*Columns in his cha ep esen pe cen age sha es ou o 61 esponden s.
I has o be men ioned ha 51% o all 61 esponden s said hei company holds "no
addi ional p oduc ion acili ies ab oad". As o he es o he esponden s, a ew endencies
owa ds ce ain egions o in es in a e isible. In o de o in es iga e, which indus ies ha e
p oduc ion acili ies in he espec i e egions, he mos p o uding egions (Cen al/Wes e n
Eu ope, Sou he n Eu ope, No he n Eu ope, Eas e n Eu ope, China, India, Sou h-Eas Asia,
No h Ame ica, and Sou h Ame ica) we e selec ed and c ossed wi h he espec i e indus ies
(see below, able 8). As o some sec o s, e.g., cons uc ion indus y, ene gy supply, and
educa ion/adminis a ion, i is ob ious hei 'companies' do no hold p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad. These e y ew esponden s we e a he included in he p esen sample, no so much
because hei companies would expe ience se e e supply chain dis up ions bu a he
because hey migh be able o p o ide hei gene al iew on he cu en si ua ion.
As o Cen al and Wes e n Eu ope, No he n Eu ope, and Eas e n Eu ope, he main indus ies
ha ing p oduc ion acili ies in hese egions a e he au omo i e indus y and he medical
sec o . Consul ing and banks and insu ance companies in he p esen sample also belong o
he indus ies in his sample well ep esen ed wi h ‘p oduc ion acili ies’ in Eu ope and
Ame ica, howe e , as o he consul ing companies in his sample, i should be men ioned ha
hese consul an s a e all wo king o la ge consul ing co po a ions, which ha e subsidia ies all
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
41
o e he wo ld, ad ising la ge co po a ions wo ldwide. Thus, as consul ing co po a ions do
no p oduce goods bu a he sell se ices, hese ‘addi ional p oduc ion acili ies ab oad’
men ioned by he consul ing indus y ha e o be unde s ood as subsidia ies o hei
companies ab oad. Ha ing his in mind, he g ea es sha e o addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad wi hin Eu ope ( he egion whe e mos o he esponden s in his sample ha e hei
wo kplace) is o be ound wi hin he au omo i e indus y and he medical sec o .
Table 8. Selec ed egions, in which ce ain indus ies ha e p oduc ion acili ies ab oad
As o Sou he n Eu ope, he au omo i e indus y and banks & insu ances ha e he
la ges sha e o p oduc ion acili ies ab oad. Simila o consul ing, banks and insu ances a he
ha e subsidia ies ab oad ins ead o ac ual ‘p oduc ion acili ies’, hence, he la ges sha e o
p oduc ion acili ies in Sou he n Eu ope is me ely o be ound wi h he au omo i e indus y.
In No he n Eu ope, he la ges sha e o acili ies ab oad is again in he au omo i e indus y,
he medical sec o , and banks and insu ances. In China, he medical sec o makes a la ge sha e
o companies holding p oduc ion acili ies, ollowed by he au omo i e indus y again (whe e
ce ain companies belonging o he au omo i e indus ies ha e p oduc ion acili ies), as well
as he ex ile indus y, and he chemical indus y. As o Sou h Ame ica, he mos impo an
indus y is again he au omo i e indus y wi h 42% o all p oduc ion acili ies in Sou h Ame ica
om companies ep esen ed in he p esen sample. The au omo i e indus y holds again a

42
g ea sha e o he o al sha e o companies holding p oduc ion acili ies in No h Ame ica,
ollowed by he pha maceu ical indus y, he medical sec o , IT de elopmen (mos likely
Silicon Valley in San F ancisco), consul ing (mos la ge consul ing companies hold subsidia ies,
i.a., in No h Ame ica, as well as almos e e ywhe e else in he wo ld, especially he big ou
consul ing companies), and banks and insu ances, which also hold la ge subsidia ies all o e
he wo ld.
The expec a ion (and planning) o changes in he supply chains due o dis up ions by he
pandemic should be dis inguished om changes al eady planned long ime in ad ance be o e
he pandemic. Thus, ques ion no. 15 (see below, igu e 26) was designed in o de o
dis inguish his: "We e he e any changes in you company's supply chain ha had been
planned long be o e COVID-19 and we e o be implemen ed in 2020?" E e y i h o he 61
esponden s a i med his ques ion.
Figu e 26. Q15: Changes in SCM planned be o e COVID-19
This p opo ion a ied, depending on he indus ies (see below, able 9), and i a ied
mo e clea ly depending on he size o he en e p ise. As o g oup 1 (p oduc i e indus ies),
24% (5 ou o 21 in absolu e igu es) said he e we e supply chain changes planned e en
be o e COVID-19, wi hin g oup 2 (pha maceu ical & medical sec o ), me ely 20% (3 ou o 15
in absolu e igu es) a i med he ques ion; as compa ed o 33% (5 ou o 15) wi hin g oup 3
(IT de elopmen , consul ing and banks & insu ances); whe eas all o he esponden s in g oup
4 ( anspo & logis ics, ene gy supply, educa ion, adminis a ion, e ail, and ou ism) said
he e we e no changes planned in hei company be o e COVID-19. (E en hough he absolu e
igu es a e ela i ely low, he las inding could imply ha hese indus ies a e mo e ac i e o
yes: 21%
no: 79%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
43
Table 9. Changes in SCM planned be o e COVID-19 by indus y
ind new supplie s in gene al. Ano he possible in e p e a ion could be ha he p oduc i e
indus ies a e simply mo e dependen on egula deli e ies, in o de o ensu e p oduc i i y,
hence, hey ha e no o he op ion han seeking ou o new supplie s).
As he au omo i e indus y is known o expe ience p oblems o a ew yea s now, he
au omo i e indus y was ex ac ed speci ically, in o de o ind ou he p opo ion o hose in
g oup 1 who said "yes" ( he e we e changes be o e COVID-19). Hence, as able 10 (see below)
shows, 75% o he esponden s who a e wo king in he au omo i e indus y said he e we e
changes planned al eady be o e COVID-19 (which makes 60% o he o al numbe o espon-
Table 10. Changes in SCM be o e COVID-19 in he au omo i e indus y
den s who answe ed his ques ion wi h "yes"), whe eas only 12% o he o he esponden s in
g oup 1 (p oduc i e sec o s) said hei companies had planned changes be o e COVID-19.
Table 10 (see abo e) shows he dis ibu ion o he pe cen age o hose esponden s, who
answe ed “yes” ( he e we e changes be o e COVID-19) in ques ion 15 — 3 o he 5
esponden s, who answe ed “yes” belong o he au omo i e indus y, which was al eady
44
su e ing long be o e COVID-19, which means, a g ea sha e o esponden s in g oup 1 in able
9 (see abo e) can be dis ibu ed o he au omo i e indus y (see abo e, able 10).
Fu he mo e, a la ge company size is ob iously associa ed wi h pa icula ly
p onounced sea ch o new supplie s. 35% o esponden s wo king wi h companies wi h mo e
han 500 employees a i med ques ion 15 (see below, able 11), as compa ed o 14% o
esponden s wo king wi h companies employing less han 50 employees ( ha is he a e age
Table 11. Changes in SCM planned be o e COVID-19 by size o he company
o he wo smalles ca ego ies o companies aken oge he ), and only 6% wi h companies
employing 50-500 employees (wha is he a e age o he wo middle ange ca ego ies aken
oge he ).
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused dis up ions in he p ocu emen o p oduc s, as
igu e 27 subs an ia es (ques ion 16: "In he con ex o he COVID-19 pandemic, has he e
been a change/dis up ion o he p ocu emen o ce ain p oduc s o you company in
2020?"). A clea majo i y o 56% (34 ou o 61 esponden s) answe ed "yes" o his ques ion.
Figu e 27. Q16: Changes in SCM in he cou se o he pandemic
Ne e heless, seen oge he ques ions 15 and 16, he majo i y o companies did no
plan changes in hei supply chains be o e he pandemic (79%) (see below, able 12 (c oss
able Q15 and Q16 wi h Q7), whe eas 56% s a ed a change o dis up ion in he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s in he cou se o he pandemic. Tha means, as o he g ea majo i y o he
yes:
56%
no: 44%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
45
sample, he pandemic changed he si ua ion o hei company, hey we e su p ised by a
sudden need o a change in p ocu emen .
Compa ing he wo c oss ables in able 12 (see below, c oss ables Q15 and Q16 wi h
Q7), he esul s show mos ob iously he e has been a conside able change o he companies'
supply chains in he cou se o he pandemic in 2020. Mo e han hal o he esponden s (56%
o all 61 esponden s) said he e was a change due o he pandemic, as compa ed o 79% o
all esponden s who said hei company had no planned any changes be o e COVID-19. 87%
o he esponden s wo king in he pha maceu ical o medical sec o said hey had dis up ions
in hei supply chains du ing he pandemic. This can be explained by he ac ha he medical
and he pha maceu ical sec o s we e pa icula ly a ec ed by he pandemic in he i s ew
mon hs o 2020, when masks, d ugs, hygiene p oduc s such as disin ec ion, and en ila o s
we e u gen ly needed (as well as hospi al beds, e c.).
Table 12. Changes in SCM be o e s. du ing he pandemic by indus y
Fu he mo e, his gi es ise o he ques ion whe he he e migh be a co ela ion
be ween he size o a company and he pe cei ed need o ind new supplie s. The da a shows
ha la ge companies wi h mo e han 500 employees a e sligh ly mo e conce ned by changes
o dis up ions o he supply chains (62% o his g oup answe ed "yes" o ques ion no. 16) han
52
Table 16. Pe cei ed p obabili y o changes in p ocu emen by indus y
The expec ed changes in p ocu emen ha e o be conc e ized, especially wi h ega d
o he s a egy in e ms o geog aphic alloca ion (ques ion no. 19, see below, igu e 31). The
expec able answe s o his ques ion could be ei he eloca ions
• in he o m o Resho ing;
"pa ial Resho ing/Backsho ing — he p ocess o e u ning pa s o he p oduc ion and
manu ac u ing o goods back o he company's o iginal coun y"
• in he o m o Nea sho ing:
"pa ial Nea sho ing — he o ganiza ion decides o ans e pa s o he p oduc ion o
companies ha a e geog aphically close o he company's o iginal coun y"
• in he o m o buying ahead:
"buying ahead — in o de o ensu e o always ha e he p oduc s on s ock"
Fi s o all, i has o be no ed ha e e y hi d esponden does no expec a change in he
p ocu emen s a egy o he company a all (31%). The o he esponden s expec pa ial
nea sho ing in a numbe o cases (33%), and esho ing back o he company's o iginal coun y
(28%). Thus, he majo i y o esponden s expec hei companies will p obably look o new
supplie s loca ed close o he company's place o p oduc ion. In e e y case i means a mo e
o less signi ican sho cu o he ade ou e. Buying ahead and ha ing mo e p oduc s on

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
53
s ock ob iously is an al e na i e o a conside able numbe o esponden s (44%) o a oid
di icul ies in he p oduc ion o goods and se ices. "O he " s a egies a e no ed by 6%. In
many cases, esponden s combine wo (o e en h ee) o he s a egies. In any case, he
changes a e becoming conc e e o wo ou o h ee esponden s.
Compa ing he di e en sec o s, i is g oup 2 (pha maceu ical and medical sec o ),
imagining changes in he o m o esho ing and o nea sho ing. 40% esp. 47% o his g oup
expec hose changes. Tha 's exac ly he g oup, which was mos ly a ec ed by a change o
dis up ion in he yea 2020 (s. abo e, ques ion 16), o a g ea e amoun caused di ec ly by he
pandemic. G oup 1, he p oduc i e indus ies, is he second in he ank: 43% o his g oup
expec (pa ial) nea sho ing, and 24 % esho ing (mul iple answe s we e allowed, so hese wo
numbe s may no be added.). The p oduc i e indus ies eel mos ulne able o closed bo de s
and p e en ed anspo a ions as i had been he case du ing se e al weeks in 2020.
Figu e 31. Q19: Expec ed changes in he p ocu emen s a egy
In o de o examine whe he ce ain o he p oduc i e indus ies (see below, able 17,
g oup1) would e eal di e en esul s o ques ion 19 (see abo e, igu e 31), his ques ion was
c ossed a second ime wi h ques ion 7, b eaking down g oup 1 in able 17 (see below), in o
he di e en p oduc i e indus ies (cons uc ion, ood, me al, machine, au omo i e, ex ile,
chemical, and oil) (see below, able 18).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
pa ial
esho ing:
28%
pa ial
nea sho ing:
33%
buying
ahead: 44%
no changes
a all: 31%
o he : 7%
54
Table 17. Expec ed ypes o changes in p ocu emen s a egy by indus y
Table 18 demons a es (al hough wi h me ely ew cases in each indus y) he au omo i e
indus y — which expe ienced se e e dis up ions and pa ially p oduc ion s ops du ing he
pandemic (c . Beu nagel 2020) — is p edominan ly open o pa ial nea sho ing (75%) bu also
o pa ial esho ing (50%), and buying ahead (50%). The able also demons a es ha he ood
indus y — which also expe ienced se e e dis up ions du ing he pandemic (c . Aday & Aday,
2020) — is open o pa ial nea sho ing (60%) and buying ahead (100%). This is mos likely due
o he ac ha he ood indus y — especially la ge supe ma ke chains — we e expe iencing
a c ucial su plus demand du ing he pandemic. La ge mul ina ionals we e expe iencing
"insu icien quan i y due o slowe p oduc ion in he chain" (see esponden 54, Annex —
comple e sample, excel shee ).
Table 18. Expec ed changes in p ocu emen — p oduc i e sec o s
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
55
Figu e 32. Q20: Pe cei ed p obabili y o shi s in p ocu emen
As o ques ion no. 20 ("Do you hink i migh be possible ha you company will
sligh ly shi he supply chain, pu chasing om o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e he isk o
no ecei ing p oduc s on ime?", see igu e 32), esponden s we e asked o p o ide hei
pe sonal opinion on whe he he e was a endency o hei espec i e company o implemen
esho ing o nea sho ing s a egies (excluding hose, who a e al eady me ely pu chasing om
domes ic companies), o whe he hey expec supply chain changes o be a he unlikely in
hei company, o whe he he e migh ac ually be ano he endency o explo ing new
ma ke s ab oad.
The esul s a e a he widely sp ead, howe e , i has o be no ed ha , as o his
ques ion, mul iple answe s we e possible, hus, some esponden s, o example, said hey
hink "pu chasing om domes ic companies is qui e likely" (21%), as well as "pu chasing om
neighbo ing coun ies is qui e likely" (31%). Then again, me ely 16% o he esponden s said
hei companies a e s ill explo ing new ma ke s ab oad, whe eas 25% said "no, changes o ou
supply chain a e no e y likely", and 13% said hey see o he p oblems: Fo example, one
esponden , who is wo king wi h he mos amous Ge man bank said, "changes yes, howe e ,
no in he p ocu emen s a egy o ou bank bu a he in he o m o cos -sa ing measu es",
ano he esponden , wo king as IT consul an in Ge many, said "we mainly pu chase IT and
his sec o is ba ely a ec ed by he pandemic". Ne e heless, one esponden , wo king o he
pha maceu ical indus y, said "We a e obliga ed o pu chase inished pha maceu ical
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
yes,
pu chasing
om domes ic
companies is
qui e likely:
21%
yes,
pu chasing
om
neighbo ing
coun ies is
qui e likely:
31%
my company
is cu en ly
explo ing new
ma ke s
ab oad: 16%
no, we a e
al eady mainly
pu chasing
om domes ic
companies
and
neighbo ing
coun ies
anyway: 21%
no, changes o
ou supply
chain a e no
e y likely:
25%
o he : 13%
56
p oduc s om Eu ope, as his is cheape han pu chasing he same p oduc s in Ge many,
whe eas pu chasing om companies ou side o Eu ope is cumbe some due o legal
egula ions". These h ee commen a ies o esponden s demons a e ha no all indus ies
migh eassess hei SCM. In ac , as o he se ice indus ies, some companies' supply chains
migh ba ely be a ec ed a all. Mos companies, howe e , migh implemen gene al cos -
sa ing measu es.
Table 19 (see below) shows ha , as o g oup 2 ( he pha maceu ical & medical sec o ),
esponden s seem o ag ee ha hey a e pu chasing om neighbo ing coun ies — 33%
al eady o do so, while 47% belie e hei 'companies' (hospi als, pha macies, and
pha maceu ical co po a ions) would s a pu chasing om neighbo ing coun ies. This can be
explained by he ac ha he pha maceu ical indus y will expe ience a shi in hei p ocu e-
men o pha maceu ical p oduc s, such as hygiene p oduc s and masks, e c., due o he
poli ical guidelines ha we e implemen ed by he Eu opean Commission in 2020. U sula on
de Leyen, P esiden o he Eu opean Commission s a ed:
"The co ona i us pandemic has highligh ed he i al need o s eng hen ou heal h sys ems. This
includes access o sa e, e ec i e and high-quali y medicines a an a o dable p ice. In he
challenging economic and social imes he EU is cu en ly acing, he s a egy adop ed oday will
ensu e ha Eu ope and Eu opeans will con inue o bene i om such medicines. I call on Membe
S a es and he Pa liamen o endo se his app oach which will be olled ou in he nex h ee yea s,
and beyond." (Leyen, on de , 2020, No embe 25).
Table 19. Pe cei ed p obabili y o shi s in p ocu emen by indus y
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
57
As o g oup 1, bo h shi s owa ds pu chasing om neighbo ing coun ies as well as
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad a e es ima ed as p obable solu ions. In con as , g oup 3 (IT
de elopmen , banks & insu ances, and consul ing) a he assume hei companies will no
shi he supply chain — which is easonable o assume, as IT and consul ing, i s , do no ha e
ex ensi e supply chains and, second, as hese indus ies me ely pu chase IT p oduc s and
ad iso y se ices (see ques ion 11).
As o ques ion no. 21 (see below, able 20), esponden s we e asked o p o ide hei
pe sonal opinion on ce ain s a emen s ( o a mo e de ailed e sion o each o he s a emen s
o his ques ion, see ques ion 21 in Appendix I, English e sion o he ques ionnai e). The i e
s a emen s o his ques ion desc ibe di e en s a egies o main aining supply chains in
di icul imes. In he i s s a emen , esponden s we e asked whe he sea ching o o he
supplie s o ce ain p oduc s in hese imes would be s a egy o hei company. The second
s a emen desc ibes he s a egy o minimize he isk o no ha ing enough supplies on ime
by sea ching addi ional supplie s. S a emen h ee implies he openness o supplie s
anywhe e in he wo ld. S a emen ou and i e desc ibe s a egies o isk.
Table 20. Q21: S a emen s on di e en s a egic SCM op ions
Table 20 me ely shows sligh di e ences be ween he i e s a emen s, conce ning he
esponden s' ag eemen o disag eemen o he espec i e s a emen s. The e a e bo h

58
app o ing and disapp o ing o es o each s a emen . The gene al s a egy o seeking ou o
o he supplie s is sco ed less han 3 poin s (2.95 a e age alue). The s a egy o seeking
addi ional supplie s as a p ecau ion in hese di icul imes ecei es he mos suppo , wi h an
a e age alue o 3.27. The cosmopoli an s a egy o seeking supplie s in o he coun ies
somewhe e in he wo ld ecei es a balanced assessmen , i.e., equal app o al and disapp o al
wi h 2.95 poin s. The possibili y o nea sho ing, i.e., ans e ing he supply chain o
neighbo ing coun ies, is a ed less posi i ely a 2.81 poin s. The ela i ely leas a o able
classi ica ion is gi en o he s a egy o esho ing o he home coun y wi h 41% disapp o ing
and only 22% app o ing esponden s and an a e age o 2.62 poin s.
O e all, esponden s seem o ag ee ha he di icul economic si ua ion o global ade
in imes o he pandemic necessi a es a eac ion. The majo i y o esponden s seems o hold
he iew ha hei companies would sea ch o new o addi ional supplie s, whe eas me ely
a mino i y belie es hei companies would implemen esho ing o nea sho ing. The e seems
o be a endency owa ds sea ching o new supplie s, howe e , a he in neighbo ing
coun ies o e en u he ab oad, no so much in he company’s o iginal coun y.
Wi h ega d o ques ion 21, wo imaginable ac o s we e in es iga ed mo e de ailed:
a) he size o he en e p ise; and b) he di e en sec o s he esponden s a e wo king wi h —
assuming ha p oduc i e sec o s would need a mo e widesp ead ne wo k o supplie s han
se ice sec o s would aim a . In es iga ing he i s possible ac o , he size o he company,
no signi ican di e ence was ound. Responden s wo king wi h la ge companies did no
p o ide answe s di e ing om he a e age o all esponden s.
In es iga ing he di e en sec o s (see below, able 21), howe e , some in e es ing
de ails could be ound: G oup 3 — consis ing o IT de elopmen , consul ing, banks and
insu ances — seems o aim less a new SCM s a egies, he sum o poin s o all i e
s a emen s is conside ably lowe compa ed o he o he h ee g oups. The s a emen aiming
a addi ional supplie s, in o de o mi iga e he isk o deli e y delays is well app ecia ed in
he h ee emaining g oups (g oup 1: 3.35 poin s, g oup 2: 3.53 poin s, g oup 4: 3.63 poin s;
see able 21). Responden s o g oup 2 — pha maceu ical sec o and medical sec o —
emphasize as well he s a egy o esho ing o he home coun y, which is in line wi h he
a gumen a ion o Eu opean go e nmen s o se le he p oduc ion o pha maceu ical and
medical p oduc s a home (c . Leyen, on de , 2020, No embe 25), in o de o a oid deli e y
delays in imes o he pandemic. The opposi e applies o g oup 1 (p oduc i e sec o s) and
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
59
g oup 4 (o he se ice sec o s): As o hese wo g oups, he s a emen endo sing he
esho ing s a egy ge s he lowes a e age alue. As o g oup 4 — o he se ice sec o s, such
as logis ics, ene gy supply, educa ion, adminis a ion, e c. —, i is mos ob ious ha his g oup
simply does no ha e a la ge supply chain and, hus, does no expe ience p oblems. As o
g oup 1 — p oduc i e indus ies — mos esponden s ha e a a he ese ed a i ude owa ds
esho ing. This is mos likely due o he ac ha pu chasing om ab oad is subs an ially mo e
cos -e ec i e. Ne e heless, his g oup s ill seems o be sea ching o new supplie s, howe e ,
no in he company’s home coun y bu a he in neighbo ing coun ies o e en u he away:
The s a emen "supplie s in o he coun ies anywhe e in he wo ld" ecei ed he highes sco e
(3.53) by g oup 1 (p oduc i e sec o s). This can be in e p e ed as he need o p oduc i e
sec o s — e en in imes o he pandemic and di icul ies in global ade — o ind a su icien
numbe o supplie s a he bes possible economic condi ions, ensu ing he lowes p ices.
Table 21. S a emen s on di e en s a egic op ions by sec o s
Ques ions 22 and 23 we e designed, in o de o in es iga e whe he sus ainabili y was
o was no a decisi e ac o o companies o implemen esho ing o nea sho ing s a egies.
The expec a ion was ha sus ainabili y was no a decisi e ac o o companies o implemen
esho ing o nea sho ing bu a he he p oblema ic si ua ion o he supply chains and deli e y
delays in imes o he pandemic.
The esul s o ques ions 22 and 23 show exac ly ha . Fi s o all, igu e 33 (see below)
shows he o e all esul s o answe s o all 61 esponden s o ques ion 22: 23% hink
60
sus ainabili y is "no so impo an " o hei company, 38% hink i is "qui e impo an ", 16%
hink i is " e y impo an ", and 15% a e "undecided", 3% hink sus ainabili y was "no
impo an a all" o hei company. The esponden s had o choose he answe o ques ion 22
on a scale (see below, igu e 33), anging om 1 (no impo an a all) o 5 ( e y impo an ).
Assuming hose esponden s who answe ed "undecided" in he middle o he scale (see igu e
33) do no a ach oo much impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y (o do no hink hei company
does), hen i can be a gued ha 41% o he esponden s hink hei company does no a ach
much impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y and 54% hink hei company does a ach impo ance
owa ds sus ainabili y (and 5% do no know).
Figu e 33. Q22: Pe cei ed impo ance o sus ainabili y o he company
Ha ing his in mind, i is in e es ing o examine which o he esponden s, who said in
Q19 hey could imagine he implemen a ion o esho ing o nea sho ing, also said in Q22 hei
company does a ach impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y, in o de o ind ou whe he he e
was a co ela ion be ween he endency owa ds esho ing o nea sho ing and impo ance o
sus ainabili y. In o de o be able o exclude ha pa o he esponden s, who said hei
company would show endencies owa ds (pa ial) esho ing o (pa ial) nea sho ing me ely
due o he ac ha hei company a aches impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y (which could
also be a eason o implemen esho ing o nea sho ing), he e o e, ques ions 22 and 23 we e
gene a ed on sus ainabili y.
Table 22 (see below) p o es he e is no co ela ion be ween "impo ance o
sus ainabili y" (Q 22) and he endency owa ds "pa ial esho ing" o "pa ial nea sho ing"
(Q19): In o al, me ely wo esponden s s a ed sus ainabili y was "no impo an a all" o hei
e y impo an :
16%
qui e impo an : 38%
undecided: 15%
no so impo an :
23%
no impo an a all : 3%
I don' know: 5%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
61
company, 1 ou o hose 2 esponden s (50%) said "pa ial esho ing" and "pa ial
nea sho ing" was concei able, he o he one did expec "no any changes a all".
In o al, 14 esponden s said sus ainabili y was "no so impo an " o hei company, 29% o
hem said "pa ial esho ing" was concei able, 43% o hem said pa ial nea sho ing was
concei able, and 71% s a ed hey could a he imagine hei company buying goods ahead. 9
esponden s s a ed hey we e "undecided" conce ning how much impo ance hei company
a aches o sus ainabili y, 44% o hem could imagine "pa ial esho ing" and 67% o hem
pa ial nea sho ing, as well as 67% o hem s a ed "buying ahead". The p opo ion o hose
esponden s who s a ed sus ainabili y was ei he "qui e impo an " o " e y impo an " o
hei company could less imagine hei company o implemen esho ing o nea sho ing (see
abo e, able 22). Resho ing and nea sho ing end o be d i en less by easons o sus ainabili y
bu a he by p agma ic, i.e., economic conside a ions.
Table 22. Impo ance o sus ainabili y and endency owa ds esho ing and nea sho ing
As al eady men ioned be o e, ques ions 22 and 23 we e me ely gene a ed in o de o examine
whe he sus ainabili y was an in luencing ac o o companies o implemen esho ing o
nea sho ing. Ques ion 22 was designed in o de o examine which companies do a ach
impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y, whe eas ques ion 23 was designed in o de o examine
whe he hose companies who do a ach impo ance owa ds sus ainabili y (Q22), would also
be willing o pay o i (Q23).
68
Table 26. C oss able Q26 und Q5
Indeed, able 27 (see below) shows ha he pha maceu ical and medical sec o is by
a he mos "op imis ic" when b oken down by indus y: a dec ease in sales is only eco ded
in he lowes ange, i.e., be ween 0-20%, and no esponden wo king in he pha maceu ical
o medical sec o s a es a highe pe cen age alue o dec eases in sales. Fu he mo e, no
o he indus y has as many "inc eases in sales" s a emen s. Wi h 40% he pha maceu ical and
medical sec o is wice as s ongly ep esen ed as on a e age. The explana ion o his is
ob ious: In imes o pandemic, p oduc s om his sec o a e pa icula ly in demand.
Pa o he ood indus y (3 esponden s) no ed inc eases in sales as well. I is
easonable o assume his is due o he ac ha a g ea pa o he popula ion is spending
mo e ime in hei own households e e since he ou b eak o he pandemic and he
lockdowns ha wen along wi h i . Wi h all ba s, es au an s, and ca és closed and wo king
om home, he e is a shi in demand om spending money on ea ing ou , going on holidays,
and ea ing a wo k owa ds pu chasing household goods (a leas his is he case o he so-
called 'end consume ').

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
69
Table 27. Dec ease in sales by indus ies
Ques ion 27 (see igu e 38) was designed, in o de o examine he cos -sa ing
measu es he companies ep esen ed in he sample a e implemen ing due o he pandemic.
30% o all esponden s s a ed he e we e "no cos -sa ing measu es planned", 15% o
esponden s say 0-10% cos -sa ing measu es a e implemen ed by hei company, ano he
15% say hei company is planning o implemen 10-20% cos -sa ing measu es, 23% o all
esponden s say hei cos -sa ing migh sum up o 20-30% in hei company, 6% say i will
be be ween 30-50% cos -sa ing, me ely 2% say cos -sa ing measu es migh exceed 50%
and ano he 9% do no seem o da e o gi e an opinion on his ("I don’ know": 9% o all
esponden s).
70
Figu e 38. Q27: Cos -sa ing measu es due o he pandemic
The p e ious ques ions we e all designed, in o de o in es iga e he esponden s'
pe cep ion conce ning he si ua ion o his/he espec i e company in imes o he pandemic.
Ques ions 28 and 29 we e a he designed, in o de o gain insigh in o he esponden s'
gene al pe cep ion o he se e i y o long- e m e ec s he pandemic migh ha e — on global
supply chains (ques ion 28) and on esponden s' indi idual na ional economy (as esponden s
in his sample a e wo king in di e en coun ies), as well as on global economy (ques ion 29).
As o ques ion 28, esponden s we e asked o e alua e he se e i y o he pandemic on global
supply chains on a scale om 0-100 (wi h 0 co esponding o " e y se e e" and 100
co esponding o "no se e e a all".
Figu e 39. Q28: Pe cei ed se e i y o long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 on global supply chains
The esul clea ly shows: long- e m e ec s on he global supply chains a e ega ded as
a he se e e. In o al, esponden s es ima e he se e i y on he a e age wi h 29.67 poin s
(a i hme ic mean), co esponding o " a he se e e". (30 poin s being nea e o 0 poin s =
no cos -sa ing measu es
planned
ca. 0-10% cos sa ing
ca. 10-20% cos sa ing
ca. 20-30% cos sa ing
ca. 30-50% cos sa ing
mo e han 50% cos sa ing I don' know
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
71
" e y se e e", on a scale wi h 0-100 poin s, wi h 100 poin s co esponding o "no se e e a
all"). Me ely a mino i y o 6 esponden s a e a ing his ques ion wi h 60 poin s o mo e (60
poin s = "less se e e"). None o he esponden s a e he si ua ion as = "no se e e a all".
O e all, esponden s es ima e ema kable long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 on global
supply chains. This es ima ion also implies skep icism whe he he wo ld could ind back o
condi ions as be o e he i us and — on he long un — wi hou pandemics wi h se e e
consequences. A leas ha is he es ima ion in au umn o he yea 2020.
Table 28. Pe cei ed se e i y o he e ec s o he pandemic by size o company
* numbe s in his able ep esen a i hme ic means, highe numbe s ep esen a mo e a o able
es ima ion and lowe numbe s a mo e se e e es ima ion o he e ec s o he pandemic
The esul o he p eceding c oss- able is: The la ge he company, he ewe conce ns
employees seem o ha e abou he long- e m e ec s o he pandemic.
In he cou se o he p esen su ey, ques ions 1-28 we e mul iple choice ques ions,
asking he esponden s conce ning hei pe sonal opinion on he cu en si ua ion wi h
COVID-19 and i s impac on economy and hei espec i e company. All hese 28 ques ions
we e manda o y o he esponden s, in o de o p oceed wi h he ques ionnai e. Ques ion
29 ("Wha do you hink migh be long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 o he supply chain o you
company, you na ional economy, and global ade?") was an open ques ion, which was no
manda o y. As o his ques ion, esponden s we e in i ed o exp ess hei hough s on he
impac o he pandemic on global economy, na ional economy, as well as on hei company
and i s supply chain. As he answe s o many esponden s we e qui e simila , he answe s
we e g ouped and classi ied (see below, able 29)
1
. Many esponden s p o ided se e al
ema ks on di e en issues, hence, he answe s we e encoded in a simila way as answe s in
o me ques ions, when esponden s we e able o p o ide mul iple answe s o one ques ion.
1
Fo a de ailed documen a ion o hese commen a ies, please see Appendix II, ansc ip ion o answe s o all
esponden s o Q29.
72
Table 29. E alua ion o Q29 — answe s o esponden s
Wi h ega d o he unce ain y o he cu en si ua ion o pandemic and a possible
accina ion (which was no o ce ain in he ou h qua e o 2020, when mos o he
esponden s answe ed o his ques ionnai e), i is no su p ising ha a ce ain amoun o
esponden s — 11 (in absolu e igu e) ou o 61 — s a es: "I don' know" o does no gi e an
answe a all. Pa o he esponden s p o ide a a he gene al e alua ion o he se e i y and
du a ion o he pandemic. O he s p o ide hei imp ession o he impac on economy on bo h
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
73
mac o- and mic oeconomic le el. Ano he pa is a he conce ned abou hei espec i e
companies, a ec ed indus ies, and changes in supply chains. Finally, some o he esponden s
deba e go e nmen al policy in imes o he pandemic as well as possible e ec s o accina ion
(which did no ye s a a he ime he p esen su ey was ca ied ou a he end o he yea
2020).
Wi hin he g oup o answe s p o iding a gene al e alua ion o he pandemic (see able
29), he e we e op imis ic iews as well as hesi a ing es ima ions, and pessimis ic iews.
Responden s wi h a a he op imis ic iew do no seem o expec changes a all (in absolu e
numbe s: 12 ou o 61 esponden s). One esponden e en belie es he pandemic was "no
so se e e", o he s me ely expec sho - e m changes o he economy in gene al, as well as
o SCM (7 esponden s). In con as , some esponden s hold a he pessimis ic iews,
ega ding he pandemic and i s impac on economy as e y se e e (8 esponden s). They
expec a eco e y o he economy a ea lies in 3-5 yea s (5 esponden s), some an icipa e he
need o long- e m changes in SCM (6 esponden s). O in he wo ding o one esponden :
"Businesses and go e nmen s a e al eady shi ing hei ope a ions o accommoda e o he
e ec s o COVID-19 and I don' see e e y hing going back o no mal e en i he pandemic
ends." ( esponden no. 10). Those esponden s speaking ou abou economy — ei he on a
mic o- o on a mac oeconomic le el — seem o be mo e doub ul in gene al. 10 ou o 61
esponden s said he global economy will su e (some o which belie e se e ely), as
compa ed o me ely 5 esponden s s a ing he opposi e. Same applies o he le el na ional
economy and he le el o company — hus, he majo i y o esponden s a he belie e he
impac was se e e.
Pa o he esponden s discuss conc e e de elopmen s conce ning he wo king
condi ions: sho - ime wo k, job losses, d ops in income (7 esponden s). O he s pe cei e o
expec shi s in demand in ce ain indus ies (9 esponden s). The expec ancies ega ding
changes in SCM we e di e en ia ed: ex ension s. educ ion o supplie ne wo k, o sho ing
o buying ahead (pu chasing on s ock). The mos p ominen expec a ion in his ega d is a
change o mo e local p ocu emen (12 esponden s men ioned his), pa ially subs an ia ed
as nea sho ing o esho ing. In o al, he esponden s' pe cep ion could be cha ac e ized as a
mix u e o hope and ca e ul skep icism. O in he wo ding o a esponden : "Na ional
economies will eco e in he o eseeable u u e. Some coun ies ha a e no in such a s ong
economic posi ion will s ill ha e o wo k o some ime o make up o declines in p oduc ion.

74
The globali y o ade will decline by a ew pe cen in he long e m." (see Annex, esponden
no. 46).
A hand ul esponden s we e also conce ned abou o he hings, e.g., one esponden
belie ed he pandemic would inc ease social dispa i ies (see Annex, esponden 43, wo king
in La Réunion). This is also ue o o he pa s o he wo ld. Fo example, in B azil, he
co ona i us disease e en agg a a ed he inequali y be ween ich and poo : “Co ona i us
dea h a es expose B azil’s deep acial inequali ies.” (Kamps, 2020, p. 457). The si ua ion in
G ea B i ain appea s o be simila : “People li ing in he poo es a eas o England and Wales
ha e been wice as likely o die om Co id-19 as hose in less dep i ed a eas, acco ding
o igu es om he O ice o Na ional S a is ics.” (De lin & Ba , 2020). Also, in he U.S.
scien is s a e conce ned: "The co ona i us disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed
he consequences o inequali y in he US." (Me zl, Maybank & de Maio, 2020, June 4).
5.5 Main esul s o he su ey
The g oup o esponden s is p edominan ly composed o young adul s (hal 18-30-yea old,
one hi d 30-40-yea old). 15 di e en na ionali ies a e ep esen ed, hal a e Ge man
esponden s. They wo k in companies o a ious sizes; almos e e y second pe son is
employed in a company wi h mo e han 500 employees.
Almos all esponden s (90%) expec an impac o he pandemic on global SCs. The
dependence o he companies on supplies om ab oad is clea : in 60% o all cases, he
companies pu chase a leas one hi d o he in e media e goods om ab oad - wi h supplie s
all o e he wo ld, wi h a clea ocus on Eu ope, bu also on Asia (China and India).
The majo i y o esponden s answe ed in he a i ma i e o he ques ion o whe he
he pandemic caused a dis up ion and/o a change in p ocu emen in 2020. The p oblems
we e p ima ily deli e y delays, less equen ly he isk o bank up cy o a supplie . I is a he
he small companies ha ea deli e y delays (84% o he esponden s in his g oup); possibly
because hey ha e only a ew supplie s and a e he e o e pa icula ly dependen on he ew
exis ing business ela ionships. A majo i y o all esponden s consequen ly expec a change in
p ocu emen (20%: yes, o su e; 43%: I could imagine ha ). Employees in se ice sec o s a e
less likely o expec changes in p ocu emen s a egy han hose wo king in he manu ac u ing
sec o .
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
75
Impo an expec ed changes in s a egy a e esho ing and nea sho ing on he one
hand, and he s a egy o in eg a ing addi ional supplie s on he o he . Sus ainabili y s ill
seems o play a mino ole in he companies, howe e , his opic was only add essed wi h a
ew ques ions in he su ey.
The impac o he pandemic is no only e lec ed in p ocu emen bu also in he sales
o he companies. Mo e han hal o he esponden s expe ienced a dec ease in sales in hei
company. Howe e , one in i e also epo ed an inc ease in sales, especially in he
pha maceu ical and medical sec o s (40% epo an inc ease in sales), bu also in p oduc i e
indus ies (19%).
A he end o he su ey, esponden s we e asked o p o ide hei pe sonal opinion on
possible long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 on he supply chain o hei espec i e company, hei
economy as well as on global economy. The answe s showed clea ly ha he popula ion
belie es global and na ional economies will de ini ely su e om he pandemic. Shi s in
demand in ce ain indus ies a e an icipa ed. Conce ning p ocu emen s a egies o he
companies, he esponden s expec a g ea e geog aphical p oximi y in he o ganiza ion o
he supply chains.
6. Conclusion
The e ha e been economic c ises and heal h pandemics in p e ious decades and cen u ies.
Ha dly any c isis has been so comp ehensi e in bo h aspec s. The heal h aspec has become
global and seems o be designed o a longe du a ion. The economic consequences a e
ob ious: In 2020 GDP ell signi ican ly in mos de eloped and in de eloping coun ies. In many
coun ies he e we e and s ill a e millions o unemployed. Many go e nmen s ollowed he
ad ice o Keynes: I he e is no enough p i a e demand when he economy slumps, he s a e
should in e ene in o de o b eak a icious ci cle (Keynes, 2017).
Falling GDP and ising unemploymen a es a e igge ed by he pandemic, he
subsequen lockdowns, and inally by he dis up ions o he supply chains. Social inequali y
wi hin coun ies appea s o be on he ise. Low-paid and p eca ious jobs a e he i s o be
a ec ed by he lockdowns. Cul u al e en s and gas onomy a e se e ely hampe ed by
cu ews. Wi h epea ed bo de closu es, ou ism is a ec ed, bu so is he c oss-bo de
76
anspo o goods. In 2020/21 supply chains o ce ain p ima y p oduc s such as s eel o
semiconduc o s, lumbe o ood and a lo o o he s su e ed om in e up ions.
Supply chains ha e become much mo e impo an in ecen decades in he con ex o
globaliza ion. Bu e en be o e he pandemic, ques ions we e being aised in na ional
economies abou which o ms o sou cing s a egies could be uly bene icial o which
indus ies and companies. In his pape , an a emp has been made o analyze hese concep s
and o in e oga e hem as o wha ad an ages and wha disad an ages a e associa ed wi h
he a ious s a egies.
A he same ime, he public discussion abou ways o mi iga e clima e change has
gained momen um in ecen yea s. Economies need o be p epa ed o bo h, a policy o
con ain clima e change as well as a policy o deal wi h he pandemic in one o m o ano he .
In pa , lockdown s a egies ha e al eady been help ul in slowing clima e change. Du ing
lockdowns, d as ic es ic ions we e imposed on ou is a el and anspo o goods. As a
esul o he es ic ions, less uel was used o mon hs a ound he wo ld and hus less CO2
was emi ed.
De eloping new o ms o SCM, i will be use ul o conside en i onmen al aspec s a
he same ime. This is done comp ehensi ely in Closed Loop Supply Chain Managemen
(Kuma & Kuma , 2013), which s i es o combine economic success, social aspec s and
ecological aspec s. The aspec o en i onmen al awa eness conce ns logis ics, abo e all he
possibili y o ecycling p oduc s.
The agili y and he al eady expe ienced dis up ions o he global supply chains cause
employees in he p oduc i e economy o hink abou changing he s a egies o he supply. In
he su ey conduc ed in his wo k, many esponden s we e in a o o he eo ganiza ion o
supply chains. In hei opinion, supplie s should be loca ed close o hei own company. This
should be achie ed by esho ing o by nea sho ing om he ou se . Ano he way o inc ease
a company's esilience is expec ed o be h ough he s a egy o inc easing he numbe o
supplie s in any case. A good p opo ion o esponden s, albei om a small sample, see he
need o sys ema ic supply chain managemen a e hei expe iences du ing he pandemic.
The a emp o ec ui s akeholde s om he business communi y o his s udy had
i s limi a ions: As a s uden , i is no easy o ind esponsible in e iew pa ne s in la ge
indus ial companies and ade o ganiza ions. Fo his eason, access o esponden s was
in o mal - i.e., ia acquain ances and snowball sys em. Employees om a ious indus ies
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
77
we e in i ed o pa icipa e in a w i en su ey. A sys ema ic sample, co e ing he di e en
indus ies, would be desi able o u he in es iga ion. In ol ing ac o s om business
o ganiza ions (chambe s o comme ce, business associa ions), e.g., wi h in ensi e in e iews,
could be use ul.
As he pandemic is s ill ongoing, he esul s o his disse a ion canno p o ide a inal
esul on he impac o he pandemic on global supply chains o he u u e – howe e , his
disse a ion p o ides a i s insigh in o he cu en si ua ion, caused by he pandemic, and
he consequences o global SCs.
The e is hope ha he pandemic has gi en socie ies pause o hink abou he u u e
o "a ai e , g eene u u e" (Male e & Schwab 2020, p. 57). The discussion on supply chains,
bo h globally and na ionally, is suppo ed by poli ical ini ia i es o sus ainabili y in e ms o
en i onmen al p o ec ion, compliance wi h social s anda ds in p oduc ion, and app op ia e
co po a e go e nance. P o ec ion o he en i onmen encompasses a ious aspec s in o de
o s op clima e change and conse e esou ces. Social s anda ds include in pa icula
occupa ional heal h and sa e y, pay equi y and di e si y. The go e nance aspec includes
accep able compensa ion o he company's Supe iso y Boa d and Managemen Boa d, as
well as an i-co up ion measu es. These goals a e cu en ly being pu in o p ac ice in Ge many
wi h he "Supply Chain Sou cing Obliga ions Ac " (“Lie e ke enso g al sp lich engese z”),
passed by pa liamen in June 2021 (BMZ 2021). I is hoped ha his will be ollowed by a
Eu opean ini ia i e. Thus, pe iods o uphea al caused by he pandemic could con ibu e o he
ealiza ion o ESG (en i onmen al, social, go e nance) goals. I should be he ime o e hink
he way he global economy wo ks.
A p esen , a posi i e and a nega i e de elopmen o he si ua ion can be an icipa ed:
The posi i e de elopmen is ha he accina ions could be implemen ed much as e han i
was p edic able a he beginning o he pandemic in 2020. The nega i e de elopmen is ha
he pandemic con inues, i s , because pa o he popula ion does no wan o be accina ed,
as some do no us he a ious accines (Bion ech, Mode na, As azeneca, Johnson &
Johnson, e c.). Second, he pandemic las s longe han expec ed, since modi ied and e en
mo e agg essi e a ian s o he i us ha e appea ed in he cou se o he pandemic. Thus, he
u he de elopmen is no ye clea ly p edic able a he cu en ime.
84
7. Wha indus y is you company p ima ily associa ed wi h?
● cons uc ion indus y ● ood indus y ● me al indus y ● au omo i e indus y
● machine cons uc ion/mechanical enginee ing ● ex ile indus y ● IT de elopmen
● chemical indus y ● pha maceu ical indus y ● medical sec o ● ene gy supply
● consul ing (IT-consul ing, managemen consul ing, ax consul ing, audi , e c.) ● ou ism
● banks and insu ance companies ● educa ion / adminis a ion ● anspo & logis ics
● e ail ● o he : _____________________________
8. Which o he ollowing bes desc ibes you depa men ?
● Accoun ing & Finance ● Ad iso y ● Human Resou ces ● IT ● Ma ke ing
● Medical Ca e ● P ocu emen ● P oduc ion ● Resea ch & De elopmen
● Sales ● O he : _____________________________
9. Since when a e you wo king o you cu en company?
● < 1 yea ● 1-5 yea s ● 5-10 yea s ● > 10 yea s
10. Do you belie e he COVID-19 lockdown, i.e., he pandemic al eady has o will ha e an
impac on global supply chains?
● yes, de ini ely ● no, a he no ● I don’ know ● yes, ha ’s qui e likely
● no, de ini ely no ● O he : _____________________________
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does you company pu chase om o he companies
( om na ional companies o om ab oad)? Mul iple answe s a e possible.
■ me al p oduc s ■ adhesi es ■ ex ile p oduc s ■ u ni u e ■ IT so wa e
■ machines as in e media e p oduc s (e.g. mo o s) ■ s eel ■ wood-based p oduc s
■ chemical p oduc s ■ g oce ies ■ clo hing ■ conc e e & s ones ■ IT ha dwa e
■ se ices (e.g. ad iso y) ■ plas ic p oduc s ■ pha maceu ical/medical p oduc s
■ household goods ■ cosme ic p oduc s ■ he bal/plan p oduc s
■ O he : _____________________________
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal es ima ion, wha migh be he pe cen age sha e o
in e media e goods you company pu chases om ab oad? Please es ima e.
● 0-10% ● 10-30%● 30-50% ● 50-70% ● 70-90% ● 90-100%
13. In which coun ies does you company pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s). Mul iple answe s a e possible.
■ CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE (Ge many, F ance, G ea B i ain, I eland, Ne he lands,
Belgium, Luxembu g, Swi ze land, Aus ia)
■ SOUTHERN EUROPE (Po ugal, Spain, I aly, G eece)
■ NORTHERN EUROPE (No way, Sweden, Finland, Denma k, La ia, Li huania, Es onia)
■ EASTERN EUROPE (Poland, Bela us, Slo enia, Se bia, C oa ia, Bosnia, Romania, Bulga ia,
Uk aine, Czech Republic, Slo akia, e c.)

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
85
■ NORTHERN AFRICA (Tunisia, Alge ia, Egyp , Libya, Mo occo)
■ CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA
■ SOUTHERN AFRICA (Sou h A ica, Bo swana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe,
Madagasca , e c.)
■ NORTHERN ASIA (Russia, Kazakhs an, Mongolia)
■ WESTERN ASIA (Tu key, Sy ia, Lebanon, I aq, I an, A ghanis an, Pakis an, Saudi-A abia,
e c.)
■ China ■ India
■ EAST ASIA (Japan and Ko ea)
■ EAST ASIA (Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Vie nam,
Cambodia, Bangladesh, Taiwan, e c.)
■ NORTH AMERICA (U.S.A. and Canada)
■ SOUTH AMERICA (La in Ame ica including Mexico)
■ Aus alia & New Zealand
■ MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS FROM ABROAD
14. Does you company ha e p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one o se e al o hese
egions, shipping p oduc s o you coun y o esidence? I yes, please speci y whe e.
Mul iple answe s a e possible.
■ CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE ■ SOUTHERN EUROPE ■ NORTHERN EUROPE
■ EASTERN EUROPE ■ NORTHERN AFRICA ■ CENTRAL and WESTERN AFRICA
■ SOUTHERN AFRICA ■ NORTHERN ASIA ■ WESTERN ASIA ■ CHINA ■ INDIA
■ EAST ASIA ■ SOUTH-EAST ASIA ■ NORTH AMERICA ■ SOUTH AMERICA
■ AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND ■ NO ADDITIONAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES ABROAD
15. We e he e any changes in you company's supply chain ha had been planned long
be o e COVID-19 and we e o be implemen ed in 2020?
● yes ● no
16. In he con ex o he COVID-19 pandemic, has he e been a change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain p oduc s o you company in 2020?
● yes ● no
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do you see conc e ely o he
p ocu emen o p oduc s/in e media e p oduc s o you company?
Mul iple answe s a e possible. Please p o ide you pe sonal opinion.
■ deli e y delays ⎯ companies migh no always be able o deli e on ime
■ isk o bank up cy ⎯ ading wi h smalle companies migh be mo e isky hese days
because smalle companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
86
■ I don’ see any p oblems
■ O he : _____________________________
18. Do you hink a change in you company's p ocu emen s a egy o 2021 o subse-quen
yea s is likely? (e.g. pu chase o ce ain p oduc s, which we e p e iously impo ed e.g. om o e seas, migh be
pu chased om he domes ic ma ke o om neighbo ing coun ies in he u u e)
● yes, o su e ● no, a he unlikely ● I don’ know
● yes, I could imagine ha ● no, de ini ely no
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen s a egy o you company could you imagine? (e.g.
shi ing he p ocu emen o ce ain p oduc s/ in e media e p oduc s om ab oad o he
domes ic ma ke o o neighbo ing coun ies). Mul iple answe s a e possible. Please p o ide you pe sonal
opinion.
■ pa ial Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho ing ⎯ he p ocess o e u ning pa s o
he p oduc ion and manu ac u ing o goods back o he company's o iginal coun y.
■ pa ial Nea sho ing ⎯ he o ganiza ion decides o ans e pa s o he p oduc ion o
companies ha a e geog aphically close o he company's o iginal coun y.
■ buying ahead ⎯ in o de o ensu e o always ha e he p oduc s on s ock
■ no changes a all ■ O he : _____________________________
20. Do you hink i migh be possible ha you company will sligh ly shi he supply chain,
pu chasing om o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime? Mul iple answe s a e possible. Please p o ide you pe sonal opinion.
■ Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my company will s a pu chasing mo e om domes ic
companies.
■ Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my company will s a pu chasing mo e om companies in
neighbo ing coun ies.
■ My company is cu en ly explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
■ No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing om domes ic companies and neighbo ing
coun ies anyway.
■ No, changes o ou supply chain a e no e y likely - we will con inue o sou ce om
ab oad jus as be o e.
■ O he : _____________________________
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
87
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely do you conside he ollowing s a egic op ions o
you company in imes o he COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he s a emen s on a i e-
le el scale. Please p o ide you pe sonal opinion.
no, I don’
ag ee a all
no, I don’
ag ee so
much
I’m
undecided
yes, I ag ee
o some
ex en
yes, I
comple ely
ag ee
I don’
know
I hink i is likely my
company will shi he
pu chase o ce ain
p oduc s o o he
supplie s.
●
●
●
●
●
●
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om addi ional
supplie s, in o de o
mi iga e he isk o no
ecei ing p oduc s on
ime.
●
●
●
●
●
●
I do belie e my company
will sea ch o supplie s
in o he coun ies
anywhe e in he wo ld.
●
●
●
●
●
●
I hink i is likely my
company will e u n
pa s o ou supply chain
back o he company’s
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
●
●
●
●
●
●
I belie e i is a he likely
will ans e pa s o he
p oduc ion o companies
in neighbo ing coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
●
●
●
●
●
●
22. Acco ding o you pe sonal pe cep ion, how much impo ance does you company
a ach o sus ainabili y? Please p o ide you pe sonal es ima ion.
no impo -
an a all
no so
impo an
undecided
qui e
impo an
e y
impo an
I don’
know
impo ance o
sus ainabili y
●
●
●
●
●
●
88
23. Do you hink you company would be willing o pay mo e o p oduc s p oduced ei he
in you coun y o in a neighbo ing coun y, in o de o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
● yes, I hink ha ’s qui e likely ● no, a he no ●O he : _____________________
● yes, ha migh happen ● no, no a all
24. Acco ding o you pe sonal opinion, how bene icial is he p ocess o ou sou cing in you
company?
a) Ou sou cing is he business s a egy o hi ing ano he company o pe o m se ices and c ea e goods ha we e
o iginally pe o med in-house by he company's own employees.
b) Which o he ollowing s a emen s bes ma ches wi h you opinion?
● My company does no sou ce ou any p ocesses.
● We a e ou sou cing ce ain pa s o ou p ocesses and his is a e y e ec i e cos -sa ing
s a egy.
● We a e ou sou cing ce ain pa s o ou p ocesses. Howe e , ou sou cing is a he cos
sa ing in heo y, whe eas in p ac ice, i is in ac c ea ing incalculable addi ional expenses.
● O he : ________________________
25. In which egions does you company sell i s p oduc s / se ices?
Mul iple answe s a e possible.
■ CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE ■ SOUTHERN EUROPE ■ NORTHERN EUROPE
■ EASTERN EUROPE ■ NORTHERN AFRICA ■ CENTRAL and WESTERN AFRICA
■ SOUTHERN AFRICA ■ NORTHERN ASIA ■ WESTERN ASIA ■ CHINA ■ INDIA
■ EAST ASIA ■ SOUTH-EAST ASIA ■ NORTH AMERICA ■ SOUTH AMERICA
■ AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND ■ we a e no selling p oduc s ab oad
26. In he cou se o he COVID-19 pandemic, did you pe cei e a dec ease in sales?
● yes, a dec ease in sales o app oxima ely 0-20%
● yes, a dec ease in sales o app oxima ely 20-40%
● yes, a dec ease in sales o app oxima ely 40-60%
● yes, a dec ease in sales o app oxima ely 60-80%
● yes, a dec ease in sales o mo e han 80%
● no dec ease in sales a all
● ins ead o a dec ease we a e ac ually expe iencing an inc ease in sales
● O he : _____________________________
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
89
27. Is you company cu en ly planning gene al cos -sa ing measu es as a esul o he
pandemic? Please es ima e.
● no cos -sa ing measu es planned
● app oxima ely 0-10 % cos -sa ing measu es
● app oxima ely 10-20 % cos -sa ing measu es
● app oxima ely 20-30 % cos -sa ing measu es
● app oxima ely 30-50 % cos -sa ing measu es
● mo e han 50 % cos -sa ing measu es
● I don' know
28. Acco ding o you pe sonal opinion, how se e e migh be he long- e m e ec s o COVID-
19 on global supply chains?
Please a e on he scale below.
e y se e e no se e e a all
0 = e y se e e 100 = no se e e a all
29. Wha do you hink migh be long- e m e ec s o COVID-19 o he supply chain o you
company, you na ional economy, and global ade?
Please p o ide you pe sonal opinion
You ha e comple ed he su ey. Thank you e y much o you pa icipa ion.
You can now close he window.
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Appendix II. T ansc ip ion o answe s o all esponden s o Q29
See below he answe s o he 61 esponden s o ques ion 29 (pa ially ansla ed om
Ge man, Po uguese and F ench in o English):
1. "P oduc s a e inc easingly being sou ced and manu ac u ed locally again. Especially
2. medicines."
3. "Ha d o know."
4. "GDP loss by 3-7%, which may be educed o e he nex 5 yea s."
5. "Will be e y di icul o eco e om his."
6. "On he one hand limi ed, wi h accine again posi i e."
7. "Re iew o he cu en dis ibu ion and sou cing p ocesses; Valida ion o mo e
supplie s o p e en he isk o back o de si ua ions."
8. "O e all se e e and p ocess changing."
9. "Will no ha e long e m e ec s (a leas di ec ly) on he supply chain which is well
consolida ed. Issues may a ise om dec ease in e enues which migh b ing he
company o econside i s cu en supply chain."
10. "Supply chains will change, wi h mo e pha maceu ical and especially hygiene p oduc s,
such as masks and disin ec an s, being manu ac u ed domes ically and in neighbo ing
coun ies o be be e posi ioned in he e en o ano he pandemic wa e."
11. "I has and will de ini ely con inue o eshape ou company's supply chain, na ional
economy, and global economy. Businesses and go e nmen s a e al eady shi ing hei
ope a ions o accommoda e o he e ec s o COVID-19 and I don’ see e e y hing
going back o no mal e en i he pandemic ends."
12. "---"
13. "A e he in oduc ion o he accine, he gene al si ua ion will calm down somewha
— he economic consequences will ini ially s ill be clea ly isible, bu in he medium
e m we expec a signi ican imp o emen in he inancial sec o — a leas in
Ge many. Fo many ci izens, howe e , he pandemic will mean a signi ican d op in
income and an inc ease in unemploymen ."
14. "- mo e ocus on cos -sa ing s a egies, hus also adjus men o exis ing supply chains;
- inc easing pu chasing om domes ic companies o neighbo ing coun ies; - mo e e-
and nea sho ing; - inc ease in in en o ies o s ock pu chases"
15. "A sho age o aw ing edien s and componen s due o empo a y closu es o po s &
ac o ies in se e al coun ies will o ce manu ac u e s o seek new sou ces. Shi s in
demand pa e ns, as al eady consume s wo ldwide a e ocusing mo e on essen ial
goods, due o he inancial impac which e lec ed on se e al jobs.; COVID-19 span
unce ain y could lead manu ac u e s and se ice p o ide s o in oduce new
s a egies o a oid b eaching con ac s and SLA penal ies."
16. "The d op in oil p ices due o he lockdown had a se e e impac on ou indus y."
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
91
17. "- Pha maceu ical p oduc s will soon be manu ac u ed by law o a g ea e ex en in
he EU o ensu e a cons an supply; - The economy as a whole will su e g ea ly om
he pandemic - also in he coming yea s."
18. "."
19. "Sales educ ion, consequen ly, elimina ion o jobs"
20. "I don’ know"
21. "-"
22. "Depends on he indus y and he u he du a ion o he pandemic."
23. "No de e io a ion in he pha maceu ical indus y, only a shi in he supply chain o he
pha maceu ical indus y (inc ease in manu ac u ing o pha maceu ical p oduc s in he
EU). In o e all economic e ms, we will eco e om he ecession in he coming yea ."
24. "Fo he economy, he pandemic is a se e e blow in 2020, bu hope ully in 2021,
accina ion will change e e y hing and he economy can eco e . "
25. "I hink ha some companies will ha e inancial losses. O he s, depending on he
indus y hey come om, will make a highe p o i ."
26. "In my iew he long- e m implica ions canno ye be p edic ed."
27. "Long- e m is ela i e. The nex 1-2 yea s will ce ainly be e en mo e s enuous in
e ms o global p ocu emen . Bu i could be ha he whole hing will ha e calmed
down again in 2-3 yea s."
28. "In he nex 3-4 yea s, he economy will eco e na ionally/as well as in e na ionally.
Global ade will hen con inue as be o e."
29. "The impac on global economy will be se e e. Conce ning supply chains, I belie e
companies migh eassess hei p ocu emen ."
30. "Global ade will diminish in any case. Ne e heless, ou na ional economy will
main ain he cou se mo e o less — p o ided B exi will no in e e e ade be ween
GB and Eu ope oo much. Supply chains will depend on ou ela ions wi h Eu opean
coun ies."
31. "In he cou se o he pandemic, we ha e al eady ini ia ed changes in he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s - and hese changes a e o emain so inde ini ely. Due o he
pandemic- ela ed supply di icul ies, we ha e had o buy mo e om egional supplie s
— a mo e expensi e p ices and he e o e we ha e o cu cos s despi e inc eased
sales."
32. "A emp o be less dependen on he non-Eu opean ma ke (p oduc ion o ac i e
ing edien s almos exclusi ely in Asia); be e s ockpiling o hygiene p oduc s; a e he
c isis has passed, e e y hing will quickly "no malize" so ha global ade will inc ease
in olume again, as i is o en simply unbea able o ob ain p oduc s o "p elimina y
p oduc s" om ab oad."
33. "We a e cu en ly seeing a end owa d p oduc ion capaci ies inc easingly being
eloca ed om Ge many. I assume ha his end will con inue, wi h co esponding
nega i e consequences o he Ge man economy."
92
34. "I hink he ma ke will dec ease in many coun ies."
35. "I could be ha no all goods a e always a ailable."
36. "---"
37. "Mo e egional p ocu emen in he sho e m, bu his cancels ou in he long e m,
since in mos cases i is cheape o p ocu e ab oad."
38. "Abo e all, small and medium-sized en e p ises will inc easingly disappea , he o e
o shop independen ly o la ge co po a ions will become signi ican ly less, e ailing
apa om ood will only exis o a e y limi ed ex en , deli e y co po a ions will be
e y s ongly a o ed → he ci y cen e s will be signi ican ly less a ac i e (= dead),
o e all, signi ican ly less di e si y in he o e ."
39. "Sligh ly"
40. "Many o ou clien s a e wo king in he cons uc ion indus y, ood indus y, and
chemical indus y. All o hem a e su e ing om he pandemic se e ely."
41. "Losses in GDP, smalle companies in pa icula a e going bank up mo e quickly, la ge
companies ha e o implemen ex ensi e cos -cu ing measu es, global ade has
su e ed, bu he si ua ion will eco e a e he pandemic."
42. "Losses in e e y espec , insecu e jobs, inc eased empo a y con ac s, empo a y
wo k e c."
43. "As in es o s he en i e alue chain ques ion is no di ec ly ele an o us. I howe e
is e y ele an o some o he companies we in es in. Fo su e Eu ope will e hink
(has al eady) i 's ou sou cing / p ocu emen s a egy ela ed o heal h p oduc s. A lo
o nea sho ing is o be expec ed. Howe e : he mid- e m e ec o COVID-19 will by no
means be as impo an as he geopoli ical ensions b w China and he US and
po en ially he EU oo/in he middle o i ."
44. "Unemploymen ; Inc easing social dispa i ies"
45. "The g oss na ional p oduc o many coun ies will decline. F ance's g oss na ional
p oduc will also eco e only slowly. Wo ld ade will be lowe o longe ."
46. "The COVID-19 pandemic will deepen he global inancial and economic c isis ha has
al eady exis ed o yea s. All coun ies will be a ec ed o a ying deg ees, bu
especially hose ha a e al eady in a wo se si ua ion. Small businesses ha e al eady
closed a he beginning o he pandemic. S a es will no longe be able o inancially
suppo ci izens (who ha e los hei jobs o a e on sho - ime wo k). The only hope is
he de elopmen o an e ec i e and e icien accine."
47. "Na ional economies will eco e in he o eseeable u u e. Some coun ies ha a e
no in such a s ong economic posi ion will s ill ha e o wo k o some ime o make
up o declines in p oduc ion. The globali y o ade will decline by a ew pe cen in he
long e m."
48. "I see he long- e m e ec s as a he mino . As soon as he pandemic is la gely unde
con ol again, global ade will sp ead comple ely. I doub whe he p oduc ion and
ade will hen eally become mo e sus ainable."
49. "N/A"
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
93
50. "The company I wo k o is e y op imis ic abou he u u e o e all. Despi e he
pandemic, sales igu es we e up on he p e ious yea . This is mainly due o he ai ly
high a e age age and high a e age income o he a ge g oup, which is only ma ginally
a ec ed by he economic consequences o he Co ona pandemic. Fundamen al
changes on he p ocu emen side a e no expec ed in my companies as a esul o he
pandemic. I also conside a eloca ion o p oduc ion o Ge many o neighbo ing
coun ies due o he COVID-19 o be unlikely, as he Ge man ex ile indus y has been
unde going s uc u al change o decades and his has been accompanied by s ong
ou sou cing. Ge man ex ile p oduc ion has almos died ou .; Basically, i can be
obse ed wi hin he ex ile ade ha a u he shi o he al eady e y dominan
online ade and a u he weakening o he s a iona y ade is aking place."
51. "All economies will su e he consequences o he pandemic, bu he impac on
eme ging economies may be d ama ic in my opinion."
52. "The Po uguese economy is composed o abou 95% o small and medium
en e p ises. Some o he sec o s ha e been e y a ec ed and will ha e ca as ophic
consequences. Many companies a e acing a scena io o insol ency and s a e suppo
is no enough. I will lead o a high unemploymen a e. The gene al economic ab ic
will ce ainly su e g ea ly due o a la ge educ ion in he numbe o companies and
he loss o pu chasing powe o consume s o encou age su i o s."
53. "I don’ know."
54. "I hink people migh be going mo e local han be o e and hey will p obably mo e
away om bo le necks. We ha e ac ually been gi ing ad ice o companies which
s uggled and hei co e p oblem had o en been a sole supplie ab oad; Tha will
de ini ely change and be co e ed wi h local backup plans."
55. "Se e e dec ease o HORECA businesses (which ep esen 40% o he business); I will
ake couple o yea s be o e coming back o g ow in ha segmen "
56. "Mo e conse a i e and sus ainable ade"
57. "."
58. "I is needed o ans o m adi ional supply chain models and look ahead o he
longe - e m solu ion o digi al supply ne wo ks."
59. "Tempo a y impac o he supply chains, bu a e he pandemic has eceded,
pu chasing is expec ed o e u n o simila le els as be o e he pandemic. Me ely in
addi ion o he p e ious ma ke s we will p obably also include he local ma ke s om
ime o ime so ha he e will no be a enewed p oduc ion s op in he e en o
ano he pandemic o simila ."
60. "P edominan ly nega i e"
61. "One yea "
62. "- lowe labo cos s; - less compe i ion"
100
27. A sua emp esa es á a ualmen e a planea medidas ge ais de poupança de cus os como
esul ado da pandemia? Po a o , aça uma es ima i a.
● nenhum p e is as de medidas de poupança de cus os
● ap oximadamen e 0-10 % de medidas de poupança de cus os
● ap oximadamen e 10-20 % de medidas de poupança de cus os
● ap oximadamen e 20-30 % de medidas de poupança de cus os
● ap oximadamen e 30-50 % de medidas de poupança de cus os
● mais do que 50 % de medidas de poupança de cus os
● não sei
28. De aco do com a sua opinião pessoal, quais são os e ei os ao longo p azo da COVID-19
nas cadeias de abas ecimen o globais?
Po a o , classi ique na escala abaixo.
mui o se e o não se e o de modo
nenhum
29. Na sua opinião pessoal, quais são as implicações ao longo p azo da COVID-19 pa a a
sua economia nacional ou pa a a economia e comé cio global?
Dê a sua opinião pessoal se az a o .
Te minou a pesquisa. Mui o ob igado pela sua pa icipação.
Ago a pode echa a janela.

The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
101
Appendix IV. Ques ionnai e in Ge man
The Concei able Impac o COVID-19 on Global Supply Chains — A Su ey
Hallo! Vielen lieben Dank ü Ih e Teilnahme an meine Um age! Ziel diese Um age is es, wie Fachk ä e
die Auswi kungen de de zei igen Pandemie au globale Lie e ke en wah nehmen. Fü diese Um age übe
die Auswi kungen de Pandemie au globalen Handel und globale Lie e ke en is uns Ih e pe sönliche
Meinung wich ig. Wi ga an ie en die Anonymi ä und Ve aulichkei Ih e An wo en.
1. Bi e geben Sie Ih Al e an.
● 18-30 Jah e ● 30-40 Jah e ● 40-50 Jah e ● 50-60 Jah e ● > 60 Jah e
2. Bi e geben Sie Ih Geschlech an.
● weiblich ● männlich
3. Was is Ih höchs e Bildungsabschluss?
● Abi u
● Ausbildung
● Bachelo
● Mas e
● Dok o / PhD
4. Bi e agen Sie Ih e Na ionali ä bzw. Na ionali ä en in dem Feld ein. _____________
5. In welchem Land a bei en Sie? _____________________________
6. Wie g oß is das Un e nehmen, ü das Sie a bei en?
1-9 Mi a bei e ● 10-49 Mi a bei e ● 50-249 Mi a bei e
● 250-500 Mi a bei e ● > 500 Mi a bei e
102
7. In welche B anche is Ih Un e nehmen ä ig?
● Baugewe be ● Lebensmi elindus ie ● Me allindus ie ● Tex ilindus ie
● Einzelhandel ● Au omobilindus ie ● Maschinenbau / elek onische Ge ä e
● Chemieindus ie ● Tou ismus ● Pha maindus ie ● Medizinische Sek o
● IT-En wicklung ● Ene gie e so gung ● Banken und Ve siche ungen
● Consul ing (IT-Consul ing, Un e nehmensbe a ung, S eue be a ung, Wi scha sp ü ung)
● Bildung / Ve wal ung ● T anspo & Logis ik ● Ande e: _____________________
8. In welche Ab eilung sind Sie ü Ih e Fi ma ä ig?
● Accoun ing & Finance ● Be a ung ● Human Resou ces ● IT ● Ma ke ing
● Medizinische Ve so gung ● Bescha ung/Einkau ● Sales ● P oduk ion
● Resea ch & De elopmen (En wicklung) ● Ande e: __________________________
9. Sei wann a bei en Sie schon ü Ih e ak uelle Fi ma??
● < 1 Jah ● 1-5 Jah e ● 5-10 Jah e ● > 10 Jah e
10. Glauben Sie, dass de COVID-19-Lockdown bzw. die Pandemie Auswi kungen au
Global Supply Chains ha ode haben wi d?
● ja, mi Siche hei ● nein, ehe nich ● weiß nich
● ja, das is wah scheinlich ● nein, au ga keinen Fall ● Ande e: _________________
11. Welche(s) (Zwischen-) P oduk (e) kau Ih Un e nehmen on ande en Un e nehmen
( on na ionalen Un e nehmen ode aus dem Ausland)? Meh achnennungen sind möglich.
■ Me allp oduk e ■ Klebs o e ■ Tex ilp oduk e ■ Möbel ■ Pha map oduk e
■ Maschinen als Vo p oduk (z.B. Mo o en) ■ Be a ung (e.g. ad iso y) ■ Be on & S eine
■ S ahl ■ P oduk e au Holzbasis ■ Plas ikp oduk e ■ Chemiep oduk e ■ Lebensmi el
■ Kleidung ■ IT So wa e ■ IT Ha dwa e ■ Haushal swa en ■ Kosme ikp oduk e
■ p lanzliche P oduk e ■ Ande e: _______________________
12. Wie hoch is Ih e pe sönlichen Einschä zung nach de p ozen uale An eil on
Vo p oduk en, die Ih e Fi ma aus dem Ausland bezieh ? Bi e schä zen Sie.
● 0-10%10-30% ● 30-50% ● 50-70% ● 70-90% ● 90-100%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
103
13. In welchen Lände n kau Ih Un e nehmen (Zwischen-) P oduk e ein? Bi e wählen Sie
die Region(en) aus. Meh achnennungen sind möglich.
■ ZENTRAL- und WESTEUROPA (Deu schland, F ank eich, G oßb i annien, I land,
Niede lande, Belgien, Luxembu g, Schweiz, Ös e eich)
■ SÜDEUROPA (Po ugal, Spanien, I alien, G iechenland)
■ NORDEUROPA (No wegen, Schweden, Finnland, Dänema k, Le land, Es land, Li auen)
■ OSTEUROPA (Polen, Bela us, Slowenien, Se bien, K oa ien, Bosnien, Rumänien, Bulga ien,
Uk aine, Tschechien, Slowakei)
■ NORDAFRIKA (Tunesien, Alge ien, Ägyp en, Libyen, Ma okko)
■ ZENTRAL- und WESTAFRIKA
■ SÜDLICHES AFRIKA (Süda ika, Bo swana, Mosambik, Namibia, Simbabwe, Madagaska
e c.)
■ NORDASIEN (Russland, Kasachs an, Mongolei)
■ WESTASIEN (Tü kei, Sy ien, Libanon, I ak, I an, A ghanis an, Pakis an, Saudi-A abien, e c.)
■ China ■ Indien
■ OSTASIEN (Japan und Ko ea)
■ SÜDOSTASIEN (Thailand, Indonesien, Philippinen, Malaysia, Papua-Neuguinea, Vie nam,
Kambodscha, Bangladesch, Taiwan, e c.)
■ NORDAMERIKA (U.S.A. und Kanada)
■ SÜDAMERIKA (La einame ika inklusi e Mexiko)
■ Aus alien & Neuseeland
■ MEIN UNTERNEHMEN KAUFT KEINE PRODUKTE IM AUSLAND
14. Ve üg Ih Un e nehmen in eine ode meh e en diese Regionen übe
P oduk ionss ä en im Ausland, die P oduk e in das Land Ih es Wohnsi zes lie e n? Falls ja,
bi e geben Sie an, wo. Meh achnennungen sind möglich.
■ ZENTRAL- UND WESTEUROPA ■ SÜDEUROPA ■ NORDEUROPA ■ OSTEUROPA
■ NORDAFRIKA ■ ZENTRAL- UND WESTAFRIKA ■ SÜDLICHES AFRIKA
■ NORDASIEN ■ WESTASIEN ■ CHINA ■ INDIEN ■ OSTASIEN ■ SÜDOSTASIEN
■ NORDAMERIKA ■ SÜDAMERIKA ■ AUSTRALIEN & NEUSEELAND
■ keine zusä zlichen P oduk ionss ä en im Ausland
15. Gab es schon lange ( o COVID-19) geplan e Ände ungen de Supply Chain Ih e Fi ma,
die in 2020 umgese z we den soll en?
● ja ● nein
16. Ha sich in 2020 im Rahmen de COVID-19-Pandemie eine Ve ände ung/Ve schiebung
de Bescha ung bes imm e P oduk e in Ih e Fi ma e geben?
● ja ● nein
104
17. Welche P obleme sehen Sie ak uell in Zei en de Pandemie ü Ih Un e nehmen bei de
Bescha ung on P oduk en/Vo p oduk en? Meh achnennungen sind möglich. Bi e eilen Sie uns Ih e
pe sönliche Meinung mi .
■ Lie e e zöge ungen — Un e nehmen sind mögliche weise nich imme in de Lage,
pünk lich zu lie e n
■ Konku s isiko ⎯ de Handel mi kleine en Un e nehmen könn e heu zu age iskan e
sein, weil kleine e Un e nehmen ein höhe es Risiko haben, bank o zu gehen
■ ich sehe keine lei P obleme
■ Ande e: _____________________________
18. Hal en Sie ü 2021 ode die da au olgenden Jah e eine Ve ände ung de
Bescha ungss a egie Ih e Fi ma ü wah scheinlich? (Z.B. Einkau bes imm e P oduk e, die bishe
bspw. aus Übe see impo ie wu den, nun aus dem Inland ode aus Nachba lände n zu beziehen).)
● ja, ganz bes imm ● nein, ehe unwah scheinlich ● weiß nich
● ja, könn e ich mi o s ellen ● nein, de ini i nich
19. Welche Ve ände ungen in de Bescha ungss a egie Ih es Un e nehmens könn en Sie
sich o s ellen (z.B. Ve lage ung de Bescha ung bes imm e P oduk e/Vo p oduk e aus
dem Ausland au den Binnenma k ode in Nachba lände )? Meh achnennungen sind möglich. Bi e
eilen Sie uns Ih e pe sönliche Meinung mi .
■ pa ielles Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho ing ⎯ de P ozess de Rück üh ung
on Teilen de P oduk ion und He s ellung on Wa en zu ück in das U sp ungsland des
Un e nehmens.
■ pa ielles Nea sho ing ⎯ die O ganisa ion beschließ , Teile de P oduk ion in
Un e nehmen zu e lage n, die geog aphisch nähe am U sp ungsland des Un e nehmens
liegen.
■ au Vo a kau en ⎯ um siche zus ellen, dass die P oduk e imme au Lage sind
■ übe haup keine Ände ungen ■ Ande e: _____________________________
20. Hal en Sie es ü möglich, dass Ih Un e nehmen die Lie e ke e leich e lage und bei
ande en Lie e an en einkau , um das Risiko zu minde n, dass P oduk e nich ech zei ig
gelie e we den? Meh achnennungen sind möglich. Bi e eilen Sie uns Ih e pe sönliche Meinung mi .
■ Ja, ich hal e es ü seh wah scheinlich, dass mein Un e nehmen an angen wi d, meh on
inländischen Un e nehmen zu kau en.
■ Ja, ich hal e es ü seh wah scheinlich, dass mein Un e nehmen an angen wi d, meh on
Un e nehmen in den Nachba lände n zu kau en.
■ Mein Un e nehmen e kunde de zei neue Mä k e im Ausland.
■ Nein, wi kau en ohnehin schon haup sächlich bei inländischen Un e nehmen und in
Nachba lände n ein.
■ Nein, Ve ände ungen in unse e Lie e ke e sind nich seh wah scheinlich — wi we den
wei e hin wie bishe aus dem Ausland beziehen. ■ Ande e: ______________________
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
105
21. Fü wie wah scheinlich hal en Sie die olgenden s a egischen Op ionen ü Ih
Un e nehmen in Zei en de COVID-19-Pandemie? Bi e bewe en Sie die Aussagen au eine
ün s u igen Skala. Bi e eilen Sie Ih e pe sönliche Meinung mi .
nein, ich
s imme
übe haup
nich zu
Nein, ich bin
nich ganz
ein e s anden
Ich bin
unen -
schieden
ja, ich
s imme
bis zu
einem
gewissen
G ad zu
ja, ich bin
öllig
ein e s anden
Ich weiß
nich
Ich hal e es ü
wah scheinlich, dass
mein Un e nehmen
den Einkau
bes imm e P oduk e
au ande e Anbie e
e lage n wi d.
●
●
●
●
●
●
Meine Meinung nach
is es wah scheinlich,
dass mein
Un e nehmen on
zusä zlichen
Lie e an en kau en
wi d, um das Risiko zu
minde n, dass
P oduk e nich
ech zei ig gelie e
we den.
●
●
●
●
●
●
Ich glaube, dass mein
Un e nehmen nach
Lie e an en in
ande en Lände n
übe all au de Wel
suchen wi d.
●
●
●
●
●
●
Ich hal e es ü
wah scheinlich, dass
mein Un e nehmen
Teile unse e
Lie e ke e wiede in
das U sp ungsland
des Un e nehmens
zu ück üh en wi d
(Resho ing).
●
●
●
●
●
●
Ich hal e es ü
ziemlich
wah scheinlich, dass
mein Un e nehmen
Teile de P oduk ion
an Un e nehmen in
den Nachba lände n
e lage n wi d
(Nea sho ing).
●
●
●
●
●
●

106
22. Wie iel Bedeu ung miss Ih Un e nehmen Ih e Meinung nach dem Thema
Nachhal igkei bei?? Bi e eilen Sie Ih e pe sönliche Einschä zung mi .
ga nich
wich ig
nich so
wich ig
unen schie-
den
ziemlich
wich ig
seh
wich ig
Ich weiß
nich
Bedeu ung de
Nachhal igkei
●
●
●
●
●
●
23. Glauben Sie, dass Ih Un e nehmen be ei wä e, ü P oduk e, die en wede in Ih em
Land ode in einem Nachba land he ges ell we den, meh zu bezahlen, um einen höhe en
G ad an Nachhal igkei zu e eichen?
● ja, ich denke, das is seh wah scheinlich ● nein, ehe nich
● ja, das könn e passie en ● nein, de ini i nich ● Ande e:___________
24. Wie o eilha is Ih e pe sönlichen Meinung nach de P ozess des Ou sou cing in
Ih em Un e nehmen?
a) Un e Ou sou cing e s eh man die Geschä ss a egie, ein ande es Un e nehmen mi de E b ingung on Diens -
leis ungen und de He s ellung on Wa en zu beau agen, die u sp ünglich on den eigenen Mi a bei e n des
Un e nehmens in e n e b ach wu den.
b) Welche de olgenden Aussagen i Ih e Meinung am ehes en??
● In meinem Un e nehmen we den P ozesse übe haup nich ausgelage .
● Wi lage n bes imm e Teile unse e P ozesse aus und das is eine seh e ek i e S a egie
zu Kos eneinspa ung.
● Wi lage n bes imm e Teile unse e P ozesse aus. Alle dings is die Auslage ung in de
Theo ie ehe kos enspa end, wäh end sie in de P axis unkalkulie ba e zusä zliche Kos en
e u sach .
● Ande e: _____________________________
25. In welchen Regionen e kau Ih Un e nehmen seine P oduk e / Diens leis ungen?
Meh achnennungen sind möglich.
■ ZENTRAL- UND WESTEUROPA ■ SÜDEUROPA ■ NORDEUROPA ■ OSTEUROPA
■ NORDAFRIKA ■ ZENTRAL- UND WESTAFRIKA ■ SÜDLICHES AFRIKA
■ NORDASIEN ■ WESTASIEN ■ CHINA
■ INDIEN ■ OSTASIEN ■ SÜDOSTASIEN ■ NORDAMERIKA
■ SÜDAMERIKA ■ AUSTRALIEN & NEUSEELAND
■ wi e kau en keine P oduk e im Ausland
26. Haben Sie im Ve lau de COVID-19-Pandemie einen Rückgang de Ve käu e es ges ell ?
● ja, ein Umsa z ückgang on e wa 0-20 %
● ja, ein Umsa z ückgang on e wa 20-40%
● ja, ein Umsa z ückgang on e wa 40-60%
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
107
● ja, ein Umsa z ückgang on e wa 60-80%
● ja, ein Umsa z ückgang on meh als 80%
● übe haup kein Rückgang de Ve käu e
● s a eines Rückgangs e leben wi a sächlich einen Ans ieg de Ve käu e
● Ande e: _____________________________
27. Plan Ih Un e nehmen de zei allgemeine Spa maßnahmen als Folge de Pandemie?
Bi e schä zen Sie.
● keine Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen geplan
● e wa 0-10 % Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen
● e wa 10-20 % Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen
● e wa 20-30 % Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen
● e wa 30-50 % Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen
● meh als 50 % Kos eneinspa ungsmaßnahmen
● ich weiß nich
28. Wie schwe wiegend könn en Ih e Meinung nach die lang is igen Auswi kungen on
COVID-19 au die globalen Lie e ke en sein?
Bi e bewe en Sie au de un ens ehenden Skala. Bi e geben Sie einen We zwischen 0 und 10 ein, wobei 0 dem We
au de linken Sei e und 10 dem We au de ech en Sei e zugeo dne wi d.
seh übe haup
nich
schwe wiegend schwe wiegend
0 = seh schwe wiegend 100 = übe haup nich schwe wiegend
29. Wie sehen Ih e Meinung nach die lang is igen Auswi kungen on COVID-19 ü Ih e
na ionale Wi scha bzw. ü die globale Wi scha und den globalen Handel aus?
Bi e geben Sie Ih e pe sönliche Einschä zung.
Die Um age is beende . Vielen Dank ü die Teilnahme.
Das Fens e kann nun geschlossen we den.
40
40
0
10
20
30
50
60
70
80
90
100
108
Appendix V. Ques ionnai e in F ench
L'impac conce able de COVID-19 su les chaînes d'app o isionnemen mondiales - un
sondage
Bonjou ! Me ci beaucoup de pa icipe à mon sondage! L'objec i de ce ques ionnai e es de sa oi
commen le pe sonnel p o essionnel é alue l'impac de la pandémie ac uelle su les chaînes
d'app o isionnemen mondiales. En ce qui conce ne ce sondage conce nan les e e s de la pandémie su
le comme ce mondiale e les chaînes d'app o isionnemen , o e opinion pe sonnelle es impo an e pou
nous. Nous ga an issons l'anonyma e la con iden iali é de os éponses.
1. Veuillez sélec ionne o e âge, s'il ous plaî .
● 18-30 années ● 30-40 années ● 40-50 années ● 50-60 années ● > 60 années
2. Veuillez sélec ionne o e gen e, s'l ous plaî .
● éminin ● masculin
3. Quelle es o e o ma ion?
● Baccalau éa
● App en issage
● Licence (Bac+3)
● Mas e (Bac+5)
● Doc o a / PhD
4. Veuillez indique o e na ionali é(s), s'il ous plaî . _____________________________
5. Dans quel pays a aillez- ous? _____________________________
6. Quelle es la aille de o e en ep ise ?
● 1-9 employés ● 10-49 employés ● 250-500 employés
● 50-249 employés ● > 500 employés
The Impac o he COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Supply Chains
109
7. À quel sec eu o e en ep ise es -elle p incipalemen associée ?
● l'indus ie de la cons uc ion/ingénie ie ci ile ● l’indus ie alimen ai e
● l'indus ie mé allu gique ● l'indus ie chimique ● l'indus ie au omobile
● cons uc ion de machines / ingénie ie mécanique ● l'app o isionnemen en éne gie
● l'indus ie ex ile ● dé eloppemen in o ma ique ● les banques e les compagnies
● l'indus ie pha maceu ique ● sec eu médical d'assu ance ● comme ce de dé ail
● Consul ing (conseil en in o ma ique, conseil en ges ion, conseil iscal, audi , e c.)
● éduca ion / adminis a ion ● ou isme ● anspo & logis ique ● au es: ________
8. Veuillez choisi le se ice pou lequel ous a aillez, s'il ous plaî .
● comp abili é e inances ● se ice de conseil ● essou ces humaines ● IT
● ma ke ing ● acha s ● p oduc ion ● en es ● eche che e dé eloppemen
● les soins médicaux ● au es: _____________________________
9. Depuis quand a aillez- ous pou o e en ep ise ac uelle?
● < 1 an ● 1-5 ans ● 5-10 ans ● > 10 ans
10. Pensez- ous que le con inemen lié au COVID-19 a déjà eu ou au a un impac su les
chaînes d'app o isionnemen mondiales??
● oui, dé ini i emen ● non, plu ô pas ● je ne sais pas
● oui, c'es p obable ● non, dé ini i emen pas ● au es:
11. Quel(s) p odui (s) (in e médiai e(s)) o e en ep ise achè e- -elle aup ès d'au es
en ep ises (na ionales ou é angè es)? Plusieu s éponses son possibles.
■ p odui s mé allu giques ■ adhési s ■ p odui s ex iles ■ meubles ■ acie
■ les machines en an que p odui s in e médiai es (pa exemple, les mo eu s)
■ bé on & pie es ■ alimen a ion ■ p odui s chimiques ■ ê emen s
■ p odui s en plas ique ■ logiciels in o ma iques ■ ma é iel in o ma ique
■ p odui s à base de bois ■ les se ices (pa exemple, le conseil) ■ p odui s
cosmé iques ■ les biens domes iques ■ p odui s pha maceu iques/médicaux
■ p odui s à base d'he bes / de plan es ■ au es: _________________
12. Selon o e es ima ion pe sonnelle, quelle pou ai ê e la pa en pou cen age des
p odui s in e médiai es que o e en ep ise achè e à l'é ange ? Veuillez es ime s'il ous plaî .
● 0-10% ● 10-30% ● 30-50% ● 50-70% ● 70-90% ● 90-100%
13. Dans quels pays o e en ep ise achè e- -elle des p odui s (in e médiai es) ? Veuillez
sélec ionne la/les égion(s). Plusieu s éponses son possibles.
■ EUROPE CENTRALE e OCCIDENTALE (Allemagne, F ance, G ande-B e agne, I lande, Pays-
Bas, Belgique, Luxembou g, Suisse, Au iche)
■ EUROPE DU SUD (Po ugal, Espagne, I alie, G èce)
■ EUROPE DU NORD (No ège, Suède, Finlande, Danema k, Le onie, Li uanie, Es onie)
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an impac
on global supply
chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal
es ima ion, wha migh be he
pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s you company
pu chases om ab oad?
13. In which coun ies does you company
pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s).
14. Does you company ha e
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one
o se e al o hese egions, shipping
p oduc s o you coun y o
esidence? I yes, please speci y
whe e.
15. We e he e any
changes in you
company's supply chain
ha had been planned
long be o e COVID-19 and
we e o be implemen ed
in 2020?
16. In he con ex o he
COVID-19 pandemic, has
he e been a
change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain
p oduc s o you
company in 2020?
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do
you see conc e ely o he p ocu emen o p oduc s/p e-
p oduc s o you company?
a) deli e y delays - companies migh no always be able
o deli e on ime
b) isk o bank up cy - ading wi h smalle companies
migh be mo e isky hese days because smalle
companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
c) I don' see any p oblems
18. Do you hink a
change in you
company's p ocu emen
s a egy o 2021 o
subsequen yea s is
likely?
1 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad ja nein "Wenig P obleme da Diens leis ungssek o " no, a he unlikely
2 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Doc o /PhD Ägyp e Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , China CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE ja ja b) yes, o su e
3 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Schweiz 250-500 employees banks and insu ance
companies IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y),
"Schadenbea bei ung" 0-10% EASTERN EUROPE, India no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) no, a he unlikely
4 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Schweiz Schweiz 10-49 employees cons uc ion indus y P oduc ion 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein c) no, a he unlikely
5 Deu sch 18-30 yea s male High school deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Quali y
Managemen < 1 yea yes, de ini ely "Keine" 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
6 English 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee F ench Ge many > 500 employees medical sec o Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), household goods, u ni u e, IT
so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN AFRICA, SOUTHERN AFRICA, WESTERN
ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
CHINA, EAST ASIA, NORTH AMERICA ja ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
7 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Kundenkommu
nika ion 1-5 yea s no, a he no IT so wa e 10-30% EASTERN EUROPE no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) and b) no, a he unlikely
8 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly > 500 employees ex ile indus y P oduc ion 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
s eel, machines as in e media e p oduc s (e.g.
mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e 10-30% China, EAST ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
CHINA, SOUTH-EAST ASIA, NORTH
AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA,
AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND
nein ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
9 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees pha maceu ical indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s 70-90%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, NORTHERN ASIA , China, EAST ASIA ,
India, NORTH AMERICA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
CHINA, INDIA, NORTH AMERICA nein ja a) yes, o su e
10 English 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Jo danian Jo dan 1-9 employees IT de elopmen IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 50-70% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , NORTH
AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
11 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 1-9 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance < 1 yea yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 70-90% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) and b) yes, o su e
12 Deu sch 50-60 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees banks and insu ance
companies Sales > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y), "We papie e, Ak ien, Real Es a e" 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, NORTHERN
EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTH
AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA
nein nein b) no, a he unlikely
13 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees ene gy supply Accoun ing &
Finance < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s,
machines as in e media e p oduc s (e.g.
mo o s), u ni u e, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
14 English 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Egyp ian Ge many > 500 employees IT de elopmen IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, China, NORTH AMERICA
SOUTHERN EUROPE, CHINA, SOUTH-
EAST ASIA, NORTH AMERICA ja ja a) and b) yes, o su e

Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an impac
on global supply
chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal
es ima ion, wha migh be he
pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s you company
pu chases om ab oad?
13. In which coun ies does you company
pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s).
14. Does you company ha e
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one
o se e al o hese egions, shipping
p oduc s o you coun y o
esidence? I yes, please speci y
whe e.
15. We e he e any
changes in you
company's supply chain
ha had been planned
long be o e COVID-19 and
we e o be implemen ed
in 2020?
16. In he con ex o he
COVID-19 pandemic, has
he e been a
change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain
p oduc s o you
company in 2020?
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do
you see conc e ely o he p ocu emen o p oduc s/p e-
p oduc s o you company?
a) deli e y delays - companies migh no always be able
o deli e on ime
b) isk o bank up cy - ading wi h smalle companies
migh be mo e isky hese days because smalle
companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
c) I don' see any p oblems
18. Do you hink a
change in you
company's p ocu emen
s a egy o 2021 o
subsequen yea s is
likely?
15 English 50-60 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Indian Saudi A abia > 500 employees oil indus y P oduc ion > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s, machines as
in e media e p oduc s (e.g. mo o s) 30-50% WESTERN ASIA, China, India no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) no, a he unlikely
16 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely chemical p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s 70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, China, SOUTH-EAST ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
EASTERN EUROPE, CHINA, SOUTH-
EAST ASIA
nein ja a) yes, o su e
17 F ançais 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee F ançaise Allemagne > 500 employees medical sec o Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
10-30%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN AFRICA, China, India, SOUTH-EAST
ASIA , NORTH AMERICA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN EUROPE, NORTHERN
ASIA, CHINA, NORTH AMERICA
nein nein a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
18 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 10-49 employees e ail Apoio ao
clien e < 1 yea yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s, clo hing 90-100% SOUTHERN EUROPE , EASTERN EUROPE, no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) no, a he unlikely
19 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 10-49 employees ou ism Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
wood-based p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s, ex ile
p oduc s, u ni u e, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e 30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , EASTERN EUROPE, SOUTHERN AFRICA,
India, SOUTH AMERICA
SOUTHERN EUROPE nein ja a) and b) yes, o su e
20 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee B asilei a Po ugal 50-249 employees chemical indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
me all p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, he bal / plan
p oduc s
30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, China, India
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, SOUTHERN
AFRICA, CHINA
nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
21 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely
plas ic p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s, household goods, u ni u e, IT
so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) no, a he unlikely
22 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu sch > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
chemical p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, he bal /
plan p oduc s
30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN AFRICA, CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTHERN ASIA , WESTERN
ASIA
NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE, NORTHERN AFRICA,
CENTRAL and WESTERN AFRICA,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTHERN ASIA,
WESTERN ASIA
nein nein a) no, a he unlikely
23 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee I an Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Human
Resou ces 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely ex ile p oduc s, IT so wa e 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja c) ("wi kau en nich s aus dem Ausland ein") yes, I could imagine ha
24 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch/
K oa isch Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Ad iso y < 1 yea yes, de ini ely
pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s, IT
so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y),
"Medizinp oduk e"
0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , China no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad ja ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
25 Po uguês 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee po uguesa Po ugal > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
IT < 1 yea yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 30-50% China
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE, CENTRAL and WESTERN
AFRICA
ja ja a) yes, o su e
26 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
27 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale High school deg ee deu sch Deu schland 10-49 employees me al indus y Human
Resou ces 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , NORTHERN
ASIA CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE nein nein a) yes, I could imagine ha
28 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 10-49 employees e ail Ma ke ing < 1 yea yes, de ini ely plas ic p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s 10-30% SOUTHERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN AFRICA, China,
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
SOUTHERN EUROPE, no addi ional
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
29 English 40-50 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee B i ish Uni ed
Kingdom 50-249 employees machine cons uc ion /
mechanical enginee ing P ocu emen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely me all p oduc s, s eel, IT ha dwa e 30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EAST ASIA
NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE nein ja a) ("P ices o ce ain p oduc s will ise due o bo lenecks in
deli e y") yes, o su e
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an impac
on global supply
chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal
es ima ion, wha migh be he
pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s you company
pu chases om ab oad?
13. In which coun ies does you company
pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s).
14. Does you company ha e
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one
o se e al o hese egions, shipping
p oduc s o you coun y o
esidence? I yes, please speci y
whe e.
15. We e he e any
changes in you
company's supply chain
ha had been planned
long be o e COVID-19 and
we e o be implemen ed
in 2020?
16. In he con ex o he
COVID-19 pandemic, has
he e been a
change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain
p oduc s o you
company in 2020?
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do
you see conc e ely o he p ocu emen o p oduc s/p e-
p oduc s o you company?
a) deli e y delays - companies migh no always be able
o deli e on ime
b) isk o bank up cy - ading wi h smalle companies
migh be mo e isky hese days because smalle
companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
c) I don' see any p oblems
18. Do you hink a
change in you
company's p ocu emen
s a egy o 2021 o
subsequen yea s is
likely?
30 Deu sch 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Spanien Deu schland > 500 employees ood indus y P ocu emen < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
ex ile p oduc s, g oce ies, household goods,
clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT
ha dwa e
30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN AFRICA, CENTRAL and WEST
AFRICA, SOUTH-EAST ASIA , SOUTH AMERICA ,
Aus alia & New Zealand
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
31 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 1-9 employees pha maceu ical indus y Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s 0-10%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
China
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
32 Deu sch 40-50 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y Ad iso y 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely me all p oduc s, s eel, plas ic p oduc s,
chemical p oduc s 30-50% EASTERN EUROPE, China
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, NORTHERN
EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE, CHINA,
INDIA, SOUTH-EAST ASIA, NORTH
AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA
ja nein a) and b) yes, o su e
33 English 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Romanian Belgium 50-249 employees anspo & logis ics Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s no, de ini ely no
me all p oduc s, machines as in e media e
p oduc s (e.g. mo o s), household goods,
u ni u e, clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s
30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE
nein nein c) no, a he unlikely
34 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland 250-500 employees ood indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely g oce ies, he bal / plan p oduc s, "Roh- und
Halbwa en Obs und Gemüse in Bioquali ä " 30-50%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN AFRICA, CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, WESTERN ASIA, China, India,
SOUTH-EAST ASIA , NORTH AMERICA , SOUTH
AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) yes, I could imagine ha
35 Po uguês 30-40 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 50-249 employees ood indus y Ma ke ing < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
ex ile p oduc s, g oce ies, household goods,
clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s, he bal / plan
p oduc s
50-70%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA, SOUTHERN AFRICA,
SOUTH-EAST ASIA , SOUTH AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
36 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees anspo & logis ics P ojec
Managemen 1-5 yea s Ku z is ig ja, abe
nich au lange Sich s eel, "Con aine " 50-70% China no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) no, a he unlikely
37 Deu sch 50-60 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees chemical indus y Resea ch und
De elopmen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s, clo hing,
cosme ic p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
50-70%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , NORTHERN
EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE, China, India, NORTH
AMERICA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
EASTERN EUROPE, NORTHERN
AFRICA, CHINA, INDIA, SOUTH-EAST
ASIA, NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH
AMERICA
nein nein c) yes, I could imagine ha
38 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees chemical indus y Re ail 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely "Keins, wi p oduzie en selbe " 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein c) no, a he unlikely
39 English 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee I alian I aly > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 50-70%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
NORTHERN AFRICA, CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTHERN ASIA , WESTERN
ASIA, China, India, EAST ASIA , SOUTH-EAST ASIA ,
NORTH AMERICA , SOUTH AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
40 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees ou ism Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely u ni u e, clo hing, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein "ich sehe die P obleme des Konku s isikos ehe bei unse en
Kunden - wodu ch wi indi ek auch be o en sind" no, a he unlikely
41 Deu sch 40-50 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch,
Schweize in Deu schland 1-9 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s 50-70% China no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an impac
on global supply
chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal
es ima ion, wha migh be he
pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s you company
pu chases om ab oad?
13. In which coun ies does you company
pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s).
14. Does you company ha e
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one
o se e al o hese egions, shipping
p oduc s o you coun y o
esidence? I yes, please speci y
whe e.
15. We e he e any
changes in you
company's supply chain
ha had been planned
long be o e COVID-19 and
we e o be implemen ed
in 2020?
16. In he con ex o he
COVID-19 pandemic, has
he e been a
change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain
p oduc s o you
company in 2020?
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do
you see conc e ely o he p ocu emen o p oduc s/p e-
p oduc s o you company?
a) deli e y delays - companies migh no always be able
o deli e on ime
b) isk o bank up cy - ading wi h smalle companies
migh be mo e isky hese days because smalle
companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
c) I don' see any p oblems
18. Do you hink a
change in you
company's p ocu emen
s a egy o 2021 o
subsequen yea s is
likely?
42 English 40-50 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Swiss Swi ze land
and UK 10-49 employees IT de elopmen In es men > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e 70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , NORTH
AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein c) no, a he unlikely
43 F ançais 18-30 yea s emale Doc o /PhD F ench Réunion
island 1-9 employees ood indus y Sales 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s 50-70%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, China, Aus alia &
New Zealand
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
44 F ançais 50-60 yea s emale High school deg ee F ançaise F ance > 500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion
Accoun ing &
Finance > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 30-50% India no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein b) I don' know
45 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Doc o /PhD Zype n Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s,
pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s, g oce ies,
household goods, clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s,
IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, China
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) yes, I could imagine ha
46 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale High school deg ee deu schland Deu schland > 500 employees banks and insu ance
companies Ad iso y > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , MY COMPANY
DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS FROM ABROAD
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA
nein nein "keine Vo p oduk e" I don' know
47 Deu sch 50-60 yea s male App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees me al indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely me all p oduc s, s eel, plas ic p oduc s 10-30% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , EASTERN EUROPE, China CHINA, INDIA, NORTH AMERICA ja nein a) ("E höhung de Lage bes ände no wendig") yes, I could imagine ha
48 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees pha maceu ical indus y P oduc ion 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
EAST ASIA, NORTH AMERICA nein ja a) no, a he unlikely
49 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees ex ile indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s, clo hing 70-90% SOUTHERN EUROPE , WESTERN ASIA, China, India SOUTHERN EUROPE, WESTERN ASIA,
CHINA, INDIA nein nein a) no, a he unlikely
50 Po uguês 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee b asilei a Alemanha > 500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion Educação 1-5 yea s I don' know g oce ies, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e 0-10% MY COMPANY DOES NOT PURCHASE PRODUCTS
FROM ABROAD
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja "Temos que da aulas online pa a os es udan es" I don' know
51 Po uguês 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Po uguês Po ugal > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Se iços
Financei os
Ac ua iais
< 1 yea yes, de ini ely "P odu os ecnológicos (IT)" 30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTH AMERICA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, INDIA, NORTH
AMERICA
nein ja b) no, a he unlikely
52 Po uguês >60 yea s male Doc o /PhD Po uguês Po ugal > 500 employees machine cons uc ion /
mechanical enginee ing
Resea ch und
De elopmen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, conc e e & s ones,
adhesi es, ex ile p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
70-90%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
CENTRAL and WEST AFRICA, SOUTHERN AFRICA,
China, India, EAST ASIA , SOUTH-EAST ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, CENTRAL and
WESTERN AFRICA, SOUTHERN
AFRICA, CHINA, SOUTH AMERICA
ja ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
53 English 40-50 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Ge man
Ame ican Uni ed S a es 1-9 employees IT de elopmen Sales > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 10-30% EASTERN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA EASTERN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA ja ja
a) and b) ("A lo o con ac o s had o comple ely
eo ganize hei s uc u e, he e o e e en ou accoun
manage s changed")
yes, I could imagine ha
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an impac
on global supply
chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
12. Acco ding o you pe sonal
es ima ion, wha migh be he
pe cen age sha e o in e media e
p oduc s you company
pu chases om ab oad?
13. In which coun ies does you company
pu chase (in e media e) p oduc s? Please selec
he egion(s).
14. Does you company ha e
p oduc ion acili ies ab oad in one
o se e al o hese egions, shipping
p oduc s o you coun y o
esidence? I yes, please speci y
whe e.
15. We e he e any
changes in you
company's supply chain
ha had been planned
long be o e COVID-19 and
we e o be implemen ed
in 2020?
16. In he con ex o he
COVID-19 pandemic, has
he e been a
change/dis up ion o he
p ocu emen o ce ain
p oduc s o you
company in 2020?
17. In imes o he cu en pandemic, which p oblems do
you see conc e ely o he p ocu emen o p oduc s/p e-
p oduc s o you company?
a) deli e y delays - companies migh no always be able
o deli e on ime
b) isk o bank up cy - ading wi h smalle companies
migh be mo e isky hese days because smalle
companies ha e a highe isk o go bank up
c) I don' see any p oblems
18. Do you hink a
change in you
company's p ocu emen
s a egy o 2021 o
subsequen yea s is
likely?
54 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 250-500 employees ood indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s no, a he no g oce ies, se ices (e.g. ad iso y), "Va ious
ing edien s" 30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
EASTERN EUROPE nein nein a) ("Insu icien quan in y due o slowe p oduc ion in he
chain") no, a he unlikely
55 English 30-40 yea s emale Doc o /PhD B azilian,
I alian UK 250-500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion
Resea ch und
De elopmen 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s 70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , NORTH
AMERICA
no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein nein a) yes, o su e
56 English 30-40 yea s emale High school deg ee B azilian England 50-249 employees me al indus y IT 1-5 yea s I don' know me all p oduc s 70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , EASTERN
EUROPE, SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTHERN ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN
EUROPE, NORTHERN AFRICA,
SOUTHERN AFRICA, NORTHERN ASIA
nein nein a) yes, o su e
57 English 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Indian Ge many 250-500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Sales 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y) 30-50% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE ja ja a) yes, o su e
58 English 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y Human
Resou ces 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, plas ic
p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s, chemical p oduc s,
machines as in e media e p oduc s (e.g.
mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices
(e.g. ad iso y),
"Übe se zungsdiens leis ungen"
70-90%
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , SOUTHERN
EUROPE , NORTHERN EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE,
China, India
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
CHINA, NORTH AMERICA, SOUTH
AMERICA
ja ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
59 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Doc o /PhD Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s 0-10% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE no addi ional p oduc ion acili ies
ab oad nein ja a) no, a he unlikely
60 English 30-40 yea s male High school deg ee Sy ian and
Po uguese Po ugal 10-49 employees au omo i e indus y Supe ision 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, plas ic
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s)
70-90% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE , China, EAST
ASIA
CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE,
SOUTHERN EUROPE, NORTHERN
EUROPE, EASTERN EUROPE, NORTH
AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA
ja ja a) and b) yes, I could imagine ha
61 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 10-49 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Ad iso y 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) 10-30% CENTRAL and WESTERN EUROPE NORTH AMERICA nein nein c) no, a he unlikely
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an
impac on global
supply chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o you company could you
imagine? (e.g. shi ing he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s/p e-p oduc s om
ab oad o he domes ic ma ke o o
neighbo ing coun ies).
20. Do you hink i migh be possible
ha you company will sligh ly shi
he supply chain, pu chasing om
o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e
he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime?
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely
do you conside he ollowing s a egic
op ions o you company in imes o he
COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he
s a emen s on a i e-le el scale.
("do no ag ee a all" - 1 poin .
"comple ely ag ee" - 5 poin s)
I hink i is likely my
company will shi
he pu chase o
ce ain p oduc s o
o he supplie s.
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om
addi ional supplie s, in
o de o mi iga e he isk
o no ecei ing p oduc s
on ime.
I do belie e my
company will
sea ch o
supplie s in o he
coun ies
anywhe e in he
wo ld.
I hink i is likely
my company will
e u n pa s o ou
supply chain back
o he company's
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
I belie e i is a he
likely my company
will ans e pa s o
he p oduc ion o
companies in
neighbo ing
coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
22. Acco ding o
you pe sonal
pe cep ion, how
much impo ance
does you
company a ach o
sus ainabili y?
23. Do you hink you company
would be willing o pay mo e
o p oduc s p oduced ei he in
you coun y o in a
neighbo ing coun y, in o de
o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
1 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
"Ein ache Tä igkei en we den ausgelage .
Das wa schon o Co ona de Fall und
Co ona ha das nich e ände ."
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway. , No,
changes o ou supply chain a e no
e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 2 1 2 0 4 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
2 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Doc o /PhD Ägyp e Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies.
3 3 3 3 3 0 yes, ha migh happen
3 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Schweiz 250-500 employees banks and insu ance
companies IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y),
"Schadenbea bei ung" no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 1 1 1 1 4 no, no a all
4 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Schweiz Schweiz 10-49 employees cons uc ion indus y P oduc ion 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
2 1 0 0 5 4 yes, ha migh happen
5 Deu sch 18-30 yea s male High school
deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Quali y
Managemen < 1 yea yes, de ini ely "Keine" no changes a all
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
1 1 2 2 1 5 no, a he no
6 English 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee F ench Ge many > 500 employees medical sec o Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), household goods, u ni u e, IT
so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
pa ial Nea sho ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 3 4 3 4 no, a he no
7 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Kundenkomm
unika ion 1-5 yea s no, a he no IT so wa e no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 2 2 2 1 4 yes, ha migh happen
8 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly > 500 employees ex ile indus y P oduc ion 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely s eel, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 2 2 3 2 2 no, a he no
9 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees pha maceu ical
indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
5 5 3 5 5 2 no, a he no
10 English 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Jo danian Jo dan 1-9 employees IT de elopmen IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) pa ial Nea sho ing My company is cu en ly explo ing
new ma ke s ab oad. 4 2 3 3 4 4 yes, ha migh happen
11 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 1-9 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance < 1 yea yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 5 4 3 4 3 yes, ha migh happen
12 Deu sch 50-60 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees banks and insu ance
companies Sales > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y), "We papie e, Ak ien, Real Es a e" no changes a all
"Ve ände ungen ja, abe nich in de
Bescha ungs a egie unse e Bank,
sonde n ehe in Fo m on
Spa maßnahmen"
1 1 1 1 3 4 no, a he no
13 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees ene gy supply Accoun ing &
Finance < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s,
machines as in e media e p oduc s (e.g.
mo o s), u ni u e, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
buying ahead
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
0 0 2 0 0 5 yes, ha migh happen
14 English 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Egyp ian Ge many > 500 employees IT de elopmen IT 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing and pa ial Nea sho ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 2 5 5 4 yes, ha migh happen

Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an
impac on global
supply chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o you company could you
imagine? (e.g. shi ing he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s/p e-p oduc s om
ab oad o he domes ic ma ke o o
neighbo ing coun ies).
20. Do you hink i migh be possible
ha you company will sligh ly shi
he supply chain, pu chasing om
o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e
he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime?
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely
do you conside he ollowing s a egic
op ions o you company in imes o he
COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he
s a emen s on a i e-le el scale.
("do no ag ee a all" - 1 poin .
"comple ely ag ee" - 5 poin s)
I hink i is likely my
company will shi
he pu chase o
ce ain p oduc s o
o he supplie s.
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om
addi ional supplie s, in
o de o mi iga e he isk
o no ecei ing p oduc s
on ime.
I do belie e my
company will
sea ch o
supplie s in o he
coun ies
anywhe e in he
wo ld.
I hink i is likely
my company will
e u n pa s o ou
supply chain back
o he company's
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
I belie e i is a he
likely my company
will ans e pa s o
he p oduc ion o
companies in
neighbo ing
coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
22. Acco ding o
you pe sonal
pe cep ion, how
much impo ance
does you
company a ach o
sus ainabili y?
23. Do you hink you company
would be willing o pay mo e
o p oduc s p oduced ei he in
you coun y o in a
neighbo ing coun y, in o de
o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
15 English 50-60 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Indian Saudi A abia > 500 employees oil indus y P oduc ion > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely me all p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s, machines
as in e media e p oduc s (e.g. mo o s)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
My company is cu en ly explo ing
new ma ke s ab oad. , No, we a e
al eady mainly pu chasing om
domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
4 3 4 2 3 1 no, no a all
16 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely chemical p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
5 5 3 4 4 4 no, a he no
17 F ançais 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee F ançaise Allemagne > 500 employees medical sec o Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 2 3 2 4 yes, ha migh happen
18 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 10-49 employees e ail Apoio ao
clien e < 1 yea yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s, clo hing buying ahead My company is cu en ly explo ing
new ma ke s ab oad. 4 4 2 1 4 5 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
19 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 10-49 employees ou ism Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
wood-based p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s,
ex ile p oduc s, u ni u e, IT so wa e, IT
ha dwa e
buying ahead "não podemos muda " 2 4 4 2 2 2 no, a he no
20 Po uguês 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee B asilei a Po ugal 50-249 employees chemical indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
me all p oduc s, plas ic p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, he bal / plan
p oduc s
pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
4 4 4 2 4 2 no, a he no
21 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely
plas ic p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s, household goods, u ni u e, IT
so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y)
buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 2 0 0 2 no, a he no
22 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu sch > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
chemical p oduc s, pha maceu ical /medical
p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, he bal /
plan p oduc s
pa ial Nea sho ing and no changes a all
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , No, we a e al eady mainly
pu chasing om domes ic companies
and neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
3 3 3 3 3 1 no, no a all
23 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee I an Deu schland 50-249 employees medical sec o Human
Resou ces 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely ex ile p oduc s, IT so wa e buying ahead
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
2 4 2 5 3 4 yes, ha migh happen
24 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch/
K oa isch Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Ad iso y < 1 yea yes, de ini ely
pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s, IT
so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y), "Medizinp oduk e"
buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies.
4 4 3 3 3 4 yes, ha migh happen
25 Po uguês 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee po uguesa Po ugal > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
IT < 1 yea yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
0 0 0 0 0 0 no, a he no
26 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead My company is cu en ly explo ing
new ma ke s ab oad. 4 4 4 3 4 3 no, a he no
27 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale High school
deg ee deu sch Deu schland 10-49 employees me al indus y Human
Resou ces 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s buying ahead
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
3 3 3 5 2 2 no, a he no
28 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 10-49 employees e ail Ma ke ing < 1 yea yes, de ini ely plas ic p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 5 3 4 4 3 no, a he no
29 English 40-50 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee B i ish Uni ed
Kingdom 50-249 employees machine cons uc ion /
mechanical enginee ing P ocu emen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely me all p oduc s, s eel, IT ha dwa e pa ial Nea sho ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
5 4 4 0 5 2 no, a he no
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an
impac on global
supply chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o you company could you
imagine? (e.g. shi ing he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s/p e-p oduc s om
ab oad o he domes ic ma ke o o
neighbo ing coun ies).
20. Do you hink i migh be possible
ha you company will sligh ly shi
he supply chain, pu chasing om
o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e
he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime?
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely
do you conside he ollowing s a egic
op ions o you company in imes o he
COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he
s a emen s on a i e-le el scale.
("do no ag ee a all" - 1 poin .
"comple ely ag ee" - 5 poin s)
I hink i is likely my
company will shi
he pu chase o
ce ain p oduc s o
o he supplie s.
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om
addi ional supplie s, in
o de o mi iga e he isk
o no ecei ing p oduc s
on ime.
I do belie e my
company will
sea ch o
supplie s in o he
coun ies
anywhe e in he
wo ld.
I hink i is likely
my company will
e u n pa s o ou
supply chain back
o he company's
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
I belie e i is a he
likely my company
will ans e pa s o
he p oduc ion o
companies in
neighbo ing
coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
22. Acco ding o
you pe sonal
pe cep ion, how
much impo ance
does you
company a ach o
sus ainabili y?
23. Do you hink you company
would be willing o pay mo e
o p oduc s p oduced ei he in
you coun y o in a
neighbo ing coun y, in o de
o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
30 Deu sch 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Spanien Deu schland > 500 employees ood indus y P ocu emen < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
ex ile p oduc s, g oce ies, household goods,
clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT
ha dwa e
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
5 5 4 3 3 4 yes, ha migh happen
31 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 1-9 employees pha maceu ical
indus y Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
"Aus dem Eu opäisches Ausland sind
wi zu e p lich e , do zu bes ellen,
da o güns ige , müss e gese zlich
geände we den; auße eu opäisches
Ausland is zum bescha en on
Fe iga zneimi el seh ums ändlich"
4 3 2 4 3 3 no, a he no
32 Deu sch 40-50 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y Ad iso y 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely me all p oduc s, s eel, plas ic p oduc s,
chemical p oduc s pa ial Nea sho ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 5 5 4 5 4 no, a he no
33 English 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Romanian Belgium 50-249 employees anspo & logis ics Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s no, de ini ely no
me all p oduc s, machines as in e media e
p oduc s (e.g. mo o s), household goods,
u ni u e, clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
1 2 1 3 3 4 no, no a all
34 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland 250-500 employees ood indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely g oce ies, he bal / plan p oduc s, "Roh- und
Halbwa en Obs und Gemüse in Bioquali ä " buying ahead
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
1 4 2 1 1 5 yes, ha migh happen
35 Po uguês 30-40 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Po uguesa Po ugal 50-249 employees ood indus y Ma ke ing < 1 yea yes, ha is qui e likely
ex ile p oduc s, g oce ies, household goods,
clo hing, cosme ic p oduc s, he bal / plan
p oduc s
pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
4 4 4 2 4 3 no, a he no
36 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees anspo & logis ics P ojec
Managemen 1-5 yea s Ku z is ig ja, abe
nich au lange Sich s eel, "Con aine " no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 4 4 2 2 4 yes, ha migh happen
37 Deu sch 50-60 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees chemical indus y Resea ch und
De elopmen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s, clo hing,
cosme ic p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
"s a egische En scheidung kos enbasie ,
wei e hin in e schiedenen Regionen de
Wel "
"Nein, wi we den nach wie o aus
dem In- und Ausland beziehen" 4 4 5 3 2 5 yes, ha migh happen
38 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees chemical indus y Re ail 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely "Keins, wi p oduzie en selbe " no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
1 1 1 1 1 4 no, a he no
39 English 18-30 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee I alian I aly > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
4 5 4 4 5 2 no, a he no
40 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees ou ism Accoun ing &
Finance 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely u ni u e, clo hing, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y) no changes a all
"wi kau en haup sächlich IT ein - und
diese B anche is nich wi klich
be o en on de Pandemie"
2 2 2 2 2 2 no, a he no
41 Deu sch 40-50 yea s emale App en iceship Deu sch,
Schweize in Deu schland 1-9 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies.
4 4 3 3 4 4 no, a he no
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an
impac on global
supply chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o you company could you
imagine? (e.g. shi ing he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s/p e-p oduc s om
ab oad o he domes ic ma ke o o
neighbo ing coun ies).
20. Do you hink i migh be possible
ha you company will sligh ly shi
he supply chain, pu chasing om
o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e
he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime?
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely
do you conside he ollowing s a egic
op ions o you company in imes o he
COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he
s a emen s on a i e-le el scale.
("do no ag ee a all" - 1 poin .
"comple ely ag ee" - 5 poin s)
I hink i is likely my
company will shi
he pu chase o
ce ain p oduc s o
o he supplie s.
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om
addi ional supplie s, in
o de o mi iga e he isk
o no ecei ing p oduc s
on ime.
I do belie e my
company will
sea ch o
supplie s in o he
coun ies
anywhe e in he
wo ld.
I hink i is likely
my company will
e u n pa s o ou
supply chain back
o he company's
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
I belie e i is a he
likely my company
will ans e pa s o
he p oduc ion o
companies in
neighbo ing
coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
22. Acco ding o
you pe sonal
pe cep ion, how
much impo ance
does you
company a ach o
sus ainabili y?
23. Do you hink you company
would be willing o pay mo e
o p oduc s p oduced ei he in
you coun y o in a
neighbo ing coun y, in o de
o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
42 English 40-50 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Swiss Swi ze land
and UK 10-49 employees IT de elopmen In es men > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e no changes a all "no ele an o us" 1 1 1 1 1 5 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
43 F ançais 18-30 yea s emale Doc o /PhD F ench Réunion
island 1-9 employees ood indus y Sales 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely adhesi es, plas ic p oduc s pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
3 3 2 4 2 3 no, a he no
44 F ançais 50-60 yea s emale High school
deg ee F ançaise F ance > 500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion
Accoun ing &
Finance > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 4 4 1 1 3
la du abili é necon e pas
ellmen dans l'indus ie ou je
a aille
45 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Doc o /PhD Zype n Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely
plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s,
pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s, g oce ies,
household goods, clo hing, cosme ic
p oduc s, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 4 3 3 2 no, a he no
46 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale High school
deg ee deu schland Deu schland > 500 employees banks and insu ance
companies Ad iso y > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely se ices (e.g. ad iso y) no changes a all "Keine Vo p oduk e" 0 0 0 0 0 4 yes, ha migh happen
47 Deu sch 50-60 yea s male App en iceship Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees me al indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely me all p oduc s, s eel, plas ic p oduc s pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies.
4 4 3 2 3 3 no, a he no
48 Deu sch 18-30 yea s emale Bachelo 's deg ee deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees pha maceu ical
indus y P oduc ion 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s no changes a all
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
2 4 2 4 4 4 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
49 Deu sch 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 50-249 employees ex ile indus y P ocu emen 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely ex ile p oduc s, clo hing no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 2 3 1 1 4 no, a he no
50 Po uguês 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee b asilei a Alemanha > 500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion Educação 1-5 yea s I don' know g oce ies, IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e "Não comp amos p odu os na
uni e sidade."
"Não comp amos p odu os na
uni e sidade." 0 0 0 0 0 4 yes, ha migh happen
51 Po uguês 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Po uguês Po ugal > 500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Se iços
Financei os
Ac ua iais
< 1 yea yes, de ini ely "P odu os ecnológicos (IT)" no changes a all
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
2 1 2 1 1 5 no, a he no
52 Po uguês >60 yea s male Doc o /PhD Po uguês Po ugal > 500 employees machine cons uc ion /
mechanical enginee ing
Resea ch und
De elopmen > 10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, conc e e & s ones,
adhesi es, ex ile p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
buying ahead
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 4 4 2 2 2 no, a he no
53 English 40-50 yea s male Bachelo 's deg ee Ge man
Ame ican Uni ed S a es 1-9 employees IT de elopmen Sales > 10 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y)
no changes a all and ("O concep has
al eady been e y global a he e y co e.
Punishing hi d pa ies because o a
pandemic would be a mis ake")
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
1 4 5 1 2 5 Un ela ed
54 English 18-30 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee I alian I aly 250-500 employees ood indus y Ma ke ing 1-5 yea s no, a he no g oce ies, se ices (e.g. ad iso y), "Va ious
ing edien s" buying ahead
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
2 4 5 1 1 5 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
Annex
Responden
numbe Language
1. Please
selec you
age.
2.
Please
selec
you
gende .
3. Wha is you
educa ional
backg ound?
4. Please
en e you
na ionali y o
na ionali ies
in case you
ha e mo e
han one.
5. In which
coun y do
you wo k?
6. Wha is he size
o you en e p ise?
7. Wha indus y is
you company
p ima ily associa ed
wi h?
8. Which o
he ollowing
bes desc ibes
you
depa men ?
9. Since
when a e
you wo king
o you
cu en
company?
10. Do you belie e
he COVID-19
lockdown, i.e., he
pandemic al eady has
o will ha e an
impac on global
supply chains?
11. Which (in e media e) p oduc (s) does
you company pu chase om o he
companies ( om na ional companies o
om ab oad)?
19. Which changes in he p ocu emen
s a egy o you company could you
imagine? (e.g. shi ing he p ocu emen
o ce ain p oduc s/p e-p oduc s om
ab oad o he domes ic ma ke o o
neighbo ing coun ies).
20. Do you hink i migh be possible
ha you company will sligh ly shi
he supply chain, pu chasing om
o he supplie s, in o de o mi iga e
he isk o no ecei ing p oduc s on
ime?
21. In you pe sonal opinion, how likely
do you conside he ollowing s a egic
op ions o you company in imes o he
COVID-19 pandemic? Please a e he
s a emen s on a i e-le el scale.
("do no ag ee a all" - 1 poin .
"comple ely ag ee" - 5 poin s)
I hink i is likely my
company will shi
he pu chase o
ce ain p oduc s o
o he supplie s.
In my opinion, i is likely
my company will
pu chase om
addi ional supplie s, in
o de o mi iga e he isk
o no ecei ing p oduc s
on ime.
I do belie e my
company will
sea ch o
supplie s in o he
coun ies
anywhe e in he
wo ld.
I hink i is likely
my company will
e u n pa s o ou
supply chain back
o he company's
o iginal coun y
(Resho ing).
I belie e i is a he
likely my company
will ans e pa s o
he p oduc ion o
companies in
neighbo ing
coun ies
(Nea sho ing).
22. Acco ding o
you pe sonal
pe cep ion, how
much impo ance
does you
company a ach o
sus ainabili y?
23. Do you hink you company
would be willing o pay mo e
o p oduc s p oduced ei he in
you coun y o in a
neighbo ing coun y, in o de
o achie e a g ea e deg ee o
sus ainabili y?
55 English 30-40 yea s emale Doc o /PhD B azilian,
I alian UK 250-500 employees educa ion /
adminis a ion
Resea ch und
De elopmen 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely plas ic p oduc s, chemical p oduc s buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies.
4 4 4 4 4 2 yes, ha migh happen
56 English 30-40 yea s emale High school
deg ee B azilian England 50-249 employees me al indus y IT 1-5 yea s I don' know me all p oduc s no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
0 0 0 0 0 0 no, no a all
57 English 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Indian Ge many 250-500 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Sales 1-5 yea s yes, de ini ely IT so wa e, se ices (e.g. ad iso y)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies.
4 4 5 3 0 5 yes, I hink ha 's qui e likely
58 English 30-40 yea s emale Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees au omo i e indus y Human
Resou ces 6-10 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, plas ic
p oduc s, ex ile p oduc s, chemical
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s), IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e,
se ices (e.g. ad iso y),
"Übe se zungsdiens leis ungen"
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing, pa ial Nea sho ing and buying ahead
Yes, I hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om domes ic companies. , Yes, I
hink i is qui e likely ha my
company will s a pu chasing mo e
om companies in neighbo ing
coun ies. , My company is cu en ly
explo ing new ma ke s ab oad.
4 4 4 3 4 2 no, a he no
59 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Doc o /PhD Deu sch Deu schland > 500 employees medical sec o Medical Ca e 6-10 yea s yes, de ini ely pha maceu ical /medical p oduc s no changes a all
No, we a e al eady mainly pu chasing
om domes ic companies and
neighbou ing coun ies anyway.
1 1 1 1 1 2 no, a he no
60 English 30-40 yea s male High school
deg ee
Sy ian and
Po uguese Po ugal 10-49 employees au omo i e indus y Supe ision 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely
me all p oduc s, s eel, adhesi es, plas ic
p oduc s, machines as in e media e p oduc s
(e.g. mo o s)
pa ial
Resho ing/Backsho ing/Insho ing/Onsho
ing
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
2 2 4 2 2 3 no, a he no
61 Deu sch 30-40 yea s male Mas e 's deg ee Deu sch Deu schland 10-49 employees
Consul ing (IT-
Consul ing,
managemen
consul ing, ax
consul ing, audi , e c.)
Ad iso y 1-5 yea s yes, ha is qui e likely IT so wa e, IT ha dwa e, se ices (e.g.
ad iso y) no changes a all
No, changes o ou supply chain a e
no e y likely - we will con inue o
sou ce om ab oad jus as be o e.
1 2 3 2 2 4 yes, ha migh happen