SURE Solutions: Transfer of Strategies and Solutions in Sustainable Development of Urban Regions

SURE Solutions is the science mag on transdisciplinary urban research Transfer of Strategies and Solutions in Sustainable Development of Urban Regions Solutions · 2nd Volume 2025 Impressum SURE Solutions 2nd Volume [email protected] The SURE Solutions Magazine on transdisciplinary urban research is funded through the support of The Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR), Germany Publisher HafenCity Universität Hamburg Henning-Voscherau-Platz 1 20457 Hamburg ©2025, HafenCity Universität Hamburg ISBN ISBN: 978-3-947972-90-6 DOI: 10.34712/142.70 Editors Katharina M. Borgmann Jörg Rainer Noennig Frank Schwartze Editorial Team Maria Moleiro Dale Shruti Hindocha Cover & Layout Design 2382 — Design & Production Company Printing Oeding Print GmbH Print Run: 1000 copies License information This publication is licensed under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 License www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. It may not be reproduced without prior permission of the respective author(s) Environmental Statement Scan here for SURE Solutions 2nd Volume 2025 SPONSORED BY THE SURE Solutions Transfer of Strategies and Solutions in Sustainable Development of Urban Regions Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joerg Rainer Noennig Prof. Frank SchwartzeDr. Katharina M. Borgmann From the Editors The second volume of SURE Solutions brings together applied strategies in sustainable urban development which are shaped by local conditions, diverse stakeholders, and evolving reflexive practices. From high-resolution UAV 1 mapping in Phnom Penh to participatory heritage preservation in Chanthaboon and flood risk collaboration across provinces in Vietnam, the contributions underscore the nuanced, often non-linear nature of knowledge transferred into practice. Instead of promoting one-size-fits-all models, these articles reflect on a spectrum of context-sensitive approaches—technological, cultural, ecological, and social. Transfer happens here, not as a straightforward application of solutions, but as a process of careful translation, re-alignment, and co-production. This volume invites readers to engage with the ethics, challenges, and opportunities inherent in knowledge transfer, while highlighting the importance of local ownership, mutual learning, and adaptive governance. SURE Solutions continues to serve as a curated space for cross-project synthesis, intercultural dialogue, and the advancement of local sustainability transitions. 1 Unmanned aerial vehicle. Deutsch Der zweite Band von SURE Solutions vereint angewandte Strategien für eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung, die von lokalen Gegebenheiten, unterschiedlichen Interessengruppen und sich weiterentwickelnden reflexiven Praktiken geprägt sind. Von hochauflösender UAV-Kartierung in Phnom Penh über partizipative Denkmalpflege in Chanthaboon bis hin zur Zusammenarbeit 4 EDITORIAL SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 zwischen Provinzen in Vietnam im Bereich Hochwasserrisiko – die Beiträge unterstreichen die nuancierte, oft nicht lineare Natur von Wissen, das in die Praxis übertragen wird. Anstatt Einheitsmodelle zu propagieren, reflektieren diese Artikel ein Spektrum kontextsensitiver Ansätze – technologischer, kultureller, ökologischer und sozialer Art. Der Transfer findet hier nicht als einfache Anwendung von Lösungen statt, sondern als Prozess der sorgfältigen Übersetzung, Neuausrichtung und Koproduktion. Dieser Band lädt die Leser dazu ein, sich mit der Ethik, den Herausforderungen und den Chancen des Wissenstransfers auseinanderzusetzen, und hebt gleichzeitig die Bedeutung von lokaler Eigenverantwortung, gegenseitigem Lernen und adaptiver Governance hervor. SURE Solutions dient weiterhin als kuratierter Raum für projektübergreifende Synthese, interkulturellen Dialog und die Förderung lokaler Nachhaltigkeitsübergänge. မြ�န််�ာ SURE Solutions ၏ ဒုုတိိယ အတိဲ� သည်် ဒေဒုသခံံ အဒေမြခံအဒေန် ��ာ� ၊ ကွဲဲ�မြ�ာ� ဒေသာ သကွဲ်ဆိုိုင်် သူ ��ာ� ၊ နှှင််� ဒေမြ�ာင််�လဲ� ဒေန် ဒေသာ တိ့ံမြ�န်် �ု အဒေလဲ�အထ ��ာ� မြ�င််� �ုံသဲင််� ထာ� ဒေသာ တိည််တိံ� ဒေသာ မြို့�ိ�မြ� �ဲံ�မြို့�ိ�� တိို�တိကွဲ် �ု တိဲင်် အသုံ�ခံ� ဒေသာ န်ည််�ဗျူ��ဟာာ ��ာ� ကွဲို စုုစုည််� ထာ� သည်် ။ �နှဲ�်��င််ရှိိ အဆိုင််�မြ�င််� ယူဒေအဗျူဲ� ဒေမြ��ုံဒေ��ဆိုဲ�မြခံင််��ှ ခံ�န််သာဘွဲန််� တိဲင်် �ါဝင််ဒေသာ အဒေ�ဲအနှှစု်ထိန််�သိ�်�မြခံင််� နှှင််� ဗျူ�ယကွဲ်န်�်မြ�ည််န်ယ်��ာ�တိစု်ဒေလဲာာကွဲ် ဒေ�လဲှ�်��ို�ဒေဘွ�အနှတ�ာယ် �ူ�ဒေ�ါင််� ဒေဆိုာင််�ဲကွဲ်မြခံင််�အထိ အဒေထာကွဲ်အကွဲူမြ���ု ��ာ�ကွဲ လဲကွဲ်ဒေတိဲ�ကွဲ�သိ့ ဒေမြ�ာင််�ဒေ�ှ�ထာ� ဒေသာ အသိ�ည်ာ၏ သိ�်ဒေ�ဲ�သိ�်ဒေ�ဲ�ဒေသာ သဒေဘွာသဘွာဝကွဲို ဒေ�်လဲဲင််ဒေစုသည််။ ဤ ဒေဆိုာင််��ါ���ာ�ကွဲ အာ�လဲုံ�နှှင််�ကွဲိုကွဲ်ည်�ဒေသာ �ုံစုံ��ာ�ကွဲို အာ�ဒေ���ည််�အစုာ� န်ည််��ည်ာ၊ ယဉ််ဒေကွဲ���ု၊ ဒေ�ဟာဒေဗျူဒုနှှင််� လဲူ�ုဒေ��ဆိုိုင််�ာ ဒေ�ဒေန်ာကွဲ်စုကွဲာ�ကွဲို အကွဲ�မြ�တိ်သည််� ခံ�ဉ််�ကွဲ�်န်ည််���ာ�ကွဲို ထင််ဟာ�်မြ�သည််။ ဤ ဒေန်�ာတိဲင်် လဲှ�ဒေမြ�ာင််��ုသည်် ဒေမြ�ရှိင််�န်ည််� ��ာ�ကွဲို ရိုးို�ရှိင််�စုဲာအသုံ�မြ��မြခံင််��ဟာုတိ်ဘွ� �ရိုးုတိစုိုကွဲ် ဘွာသာမြ�န််မြခံင််�၊ မြ�န််လဲည််ည်ှိနှိုင််� မြခံင််�နှှင််� �ူ�ဒေ�ါင််�ထုတိ်လဲု�်မြခံင််�လဲု�်င်န််�စုဉ်် တိစု်ခံုအမြ�စု် မြ�စု်��ကွဲ်သည််။ ဤစုာအု�် သည်် ဒေဒုသခံံ�ိုင််ဆိုိုင််�ု၊ အမြ�န််အလဲှန််သင််ယူ မြခံင််�နှှင််� အလဲိုကွဲ်သင််�မြ��မြ�င််ဒေမြ�ာင််�လဲ��ု၏ အဒေ���ါ�ုကွဲို ဒေ�်လဲဲင််ဒေစုစုဉ်် အသိ�ည်ာ လဲှ�ဒေမြ�ာင််�မြခံင််�တိဲင်် ဒေ�ဲ�မြ��ထာ�ဒေသာ လဲ့ကွဲ�င််�ဝတိ်၊ စုိန််ဒေခံ်ခံ�ကွဲ်��ာ�နှှင််� အခံဲင််�အဒေ����ာ�နှှင််�အတိူ �ါဝင််�တိ်သကွဲ်�န်် စုာ�တိ်သူ��ာ�ကွဲို �ိတိ်ဒေခံ်သည််။ SURE Solutions သည်် စု��ံကွဲိန််� ဒေ�ါင််�စု�်မြခံင််�၊ ယဉ််ဒေကွဲ���ုအခံ�င််�ခံ�င််� အမြ�န််အလဲှန်် ဒေဆိုဲ�ဒေနှဲ�မြခံင််�နှှင််� ဒေဒုသတိဲင််� တိည််တိံ��ု အဒေမြ�ာင််�အလဲ���ာ� တိို�တိကွဲ်ဒေ��အတိဲကွဲ် စု�စုဉ််ထာ�ဒေသာ ဒေန်�ာတိစု်ခံုအမြ�စု် ဆိုကွဲ်လဲကွဲ်လဲု�်ဒေဆိုာင််ဒေန်သည််။ (Automated translation) 中 文（ 简 体 ） 《SURE Solutions》第二卷汇集了在可 持续城市发展领域中，基于本地条件、 多元利益相关者及不断演进的反思性 实践而形成的应用策略。从金边的高分 辨率无人机测绘，到 Chanthaboon 的 参与式遗产保护，再到越南跨省份的洪 水风险合作，这些贡献凸显了知识转化 为实践过程中所体现的复杂性与非线 性特征。这些文章并非推广“一刀切”的 模式，而是探讨了一系列因地制宜的策 略——技术、文化、生态与社会等多维度 方法。知识转化在此并非简单地应用解 决方案，而是一个谨慎翻译、重新调整 和共同生产的过程。本卷邀请读者探讨 知识转化中固有的伦理、挑战与机遇， 同时强调本地所有权、互学互鉴和适应 性治理的重要性。《SURE Solutions》继 续作为一个精选平台，促进跨项目综 合、跨文化对话以及本地可持续转型进 程的推进。 (Automated translation) Filipino Ang ikalawang dami ng SURE Solutions ay pinagsasama-sama ang mga inilapat na estratehiya sa napapanatiling pag-unlad ng lunsod na hinuhubog ng mga lokal na kondisyon, magkakaibang mga stakeholder, at umuusbong na mga kasanayan sa pagmumunimuni. Mula sa high-resolution UAV mapping sa Phnom Penh hanggang sa pakikilahok na pagpapanatili ng pamana sa Chanthaboon at pakikipagtulungan sa panganib ng baha sa iba't ibang mga lalawigan sa Vietnam, binibigyang-diin ng mga kontribusyon ang nuanced, madalas na di-linear na likas na katangian ng kaalaman na inilipat sa pagsasanay. Sa halip na itaguyod ang mga modelo ng one-size-fits-all, ang mga artikulong ito ay sumasalamin sa isang spectrum ng mga diskarte na sensitibo sa kontekstoteknolohikal, kultural, ekolohikal, at panlipunan. Ang paglilipat ay nangyayari dito, hindi bilang isang tuwirang aplikasyon ng mga solusyon, ngunit bilang isang proseso ng maingat na pagsasalin, muling pag-align, at co-produksyon. Inaanyayahan ng tomo na ito ang mga mambabasa na makisali sa etika, hamon, at mga pagkakataon na likas sa paglilipat ng kaalaman, habang binibigyang-diin ang kahalagahan ng lokal na pagmamay-ari, pag-aaral sa isa't isa, at adaptive governance. Ang SURE Solutions ay patuloy na nagsisilbing isang na-curate na puwang para sa cross-project synthesis, intercultural dialogue, 5 EDITORIAL SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 at pagsulong ng mga lokal na paglipat sa pagpapanatili. (Automated translation) Indonesia Volume kedua SURE Solutions mengumpulkan strategi terapan dalam pengembangan perkotaan berkelanjutan yang dibentuk oleh kondisi lokal, pemangku kepentingan yang beragam, dan praktik reflektif yang terus berkembang. Dari pemetaan UAV beresolusi tinggi di Phnom Penh hingga pelestarian warisan budaya partisipatif di Chanthaboon dan kolaborasi risiko banjir antarprovinsi di Vietnam, kontribusi-kontribusi ini menyoroti sifat yang kompleks dan seringkali tidak linier dari pengetahuan yang diterapkan dalam praktik. Alih-alih mempromosikan model serba guna, artikel-artikel ini merefleksikan spektrum pendekatan yang sensitif terhadap konteks—teknologis, budaya, ekologi, dan sosial. Transfer terjadi di sini, bukan sebagai penerapan solusi yang langsung, tetapi sebagai proses terjemahan yang cermat, penyesuaian ulang, dan produksi bersama. Volume ini mengundang pembaca untuk terlibat dengan etika, tantangan, dan peluang yang melekat dalam transfer pengetahuan, sambil menyoroti pentingnya kepemilikan lokal, pembelajaran bersama, dan tata kelola adaptif. SURE Solutions terus berfungsi sebagai ruang terkurasi untuk sintesis lintas proyek, dialog antarbudaya, dan kemajuan transisi keberlanjutan lokal. 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SURE Solutions ຍຸັ ງ ຮັ ບ ໃຊ້້ ເປຶ້ັ ນໍ ສະຖືານໍ ທີີ � ທີີ � ຄວບ ຄຸ ມ ສໍ າລັ ບ ການໍ ປຶ້ະສົ ມ ເຂົ�າກັ ນໍ ລະຫົວ່າງ ໂຄງການໍ, ການໍ ສົ ນໍທີະນໍາ ລະຫົວ່າງ ວັ ດ້ທີະນໍະທີໍ າ ແລະ ຄວາມ ກ້ າວຫົນໍ້ າ ຂອງ ການໍ ປຶ້່ ຽນໍ ແປຶ້ງ ຄວາມ ຫົມັ�ນໍຄົ ງ ໃນໍ ທີ້ ອງ ຖື່ � ນໍ. (Automated translation) แบบไทย เล่่มท่�สองของ SURE Solutions รวบรวม กล่ยุทธ์์ประยุกต์์ใช้้ในการพััฒนาเมืองท่� ยั�งยืนซึ่่�งถููกกําหนดโดยสภาพัท้องถู่�นผูู้้ม่ ส่วนได้ส่วนเส่ยท่�หล่ากหล่ายแล่ะแนวทาง ปฏิ่บัต์่ในการสะท้อนกล่ับท่�พััฒนาข่�น ต์ั�งแต์่ การทําแผู้นท่� UAV ความล่ะเอ่ยดสูงใน พันมเปญไปจนถู่งการอนุรักษ์์มรดกแบบม่ ส่วนร่วมในจันทบูล่แล่ะความร่วมมือด้าน ความเส่�ยงจากน้�าท่วมข้ามจังหวัดใน เว่ยดนามการม่ส่วนร่วมเน้นย้�าถู่งล่ักษ์ณะท่� ล่ะเอ่ยดอ่อนแล่ะมักไม่เป็นเส้นต์รงของ ความรู้ท่�ถู่ายทอดไปสู่การปฏิ่บัต์่ แทนท่�จะ ส่งเสร่มโมเดล่ขนาดเด่ยวท่�เหมาะกับทุกคน บทความเหล่่าน่�สะท้อนให้เห็นถู่งสเปกต์รัม ของแนวทางท่�ล่ะเอ่ยดอ่อนต์่อบร่บทเช้่น เทคโนโล่ย่วัฒนธ์รรมระบบน่เวศแล่ะสังคม การถู่ายโอนเก่ดข่�นท่�น่� ไม่ใช้่การประยุกต์์ใช้้ โซึ่ลู่ช้ันท่�ต์รงไปต์รงมา แต์่เป็นกระบวนการ แปล่อย่างระมัดระวัง เล่่มน่�เช้่ญช้วนให้ผูู้้ อ่านม่ส่วนร่วมกับจร่ยธ์รรม ความท้าทาย แล่ะโอกาสท่�ม่อยู่ในการถู่ายโอนความรู้ ใน ขณะท่�เน้นย้�าถู่งความสําคัญของความเป็น เจ้าของในท้องถู่�น การเร่ยนรู้ซึ่่�งกันแล่ะกัน แล่ะการกํากับดูแล่ท่�ปรับต์ัว SURE Solutions ยังคงทําหน้าท่�เป็นพัื�นท่�ท่�คัดสรร มาอย่างด่สําหรับการสังเคราะห์ข้าม โครงการ การสนทนาระหว่างวัฒนธ์รรม แล่ะความก้าวหน้าของการเปล่่�ยนแปล่ง ความยั�งยืนในท้องถู่�น (Automated translation) Tiếng Việt Tập hai của SURE Solutions tập hợp các chiến lược ứng dụng trong phát triển đô thị bền vững, được hình thành 6 EDITORIAL SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 bởi điều kiện địa phương, các bên liên quan đa dạng và các thực hành phản ánh đang phát triển. Từ việc lập bản đồ bằng UAV độ phân giải cao tại Phnom Penh đến bảo tồn di sản có sự tham gia của cộng đồng tại Chanthaboon và hợp tác quản lý rủi ro lũ lụt giữa các tỉnh tại Việt Nam, các bài viết nhấn mạnh bản chất phức tạp, thường không tuyến tính của việc chuyển giao kiến thức vào thực tiễn. Thay vì thúc đẩy các mô hình "một kích thước phù hợp cho tất cả", các bài viết này phản ánh một phổ các tiếp cận nhạy cảm với bối cảnh - công nghệ, văn hóa, sinh thái và xã hội. Chuyển giao diễn ra ở đây không phải là việc áp dụng đơn thuần các giải pháp, mà là quá trình dịch thuật cẩn thận, điều chỉnh lại và sản xuất chung. Tập san này mời độc giả tham gia vào các vấn đề đạo đức, thách thức và cơ hội vốn có trong quá trình chuyển giao kiến thức, đồng thời nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của sự sở hữu địa phương, học hỏi lẫn nhau và quản trị thích ứng. SURE Solutions tiếp tục đóng vai trò là không gian được tuyển chọn cho tổng hợp đa dự án, đối thoại liên văn hóa và thúc đẩy quá trình chuyển đổi bền vững địa phương. (Automated translation) This volume offers a variety of perspectives: on transfer, as a process shaped by people, places, and politics; on what it means to ‘adapt’ rather than ‘adopt’; and on how to make space for failure, reflection and learning along the way” Vietnam (photo credit: Vivienne Mayer) 7 EDITORIAL Transferring with Care: On the Situated Nature of Solutions Knowledge transfer is a multilateral activity. To transfer a strategy or solution from one urban region to another means to translate, to negotiate, and to reimagine original concepts in relation with new environments, cultures, governance systems, and lived realities. As urban researchers and practitioners working across borders and disciplines, we are repeatedly confronted with the task of balancing technical ambition with cultural attunement—of ensuring that what travels is not only effective, but appropriate, meaningful, and empowering. Highlighting on the theme Transfer of Strategies and Solutions, the second volume of SURE Solutions collects contributions that explore the pathways through which applied research finds its place in local implementation. The focus is on the interface between knowledge and context: how strategies emerge and evolve in dialogue with local actors, and how their transfer is either enabled or constrained by institutional arrangements, social infrastructures, and ecological particularities. In line with the purpose of this publication series—to reflect the realities and potentials of sustainable urban development—this volume offers a variety of perspectives: on transfer, as a process shaped by people, places, and politics; on what it means to ‘adapt’ rather than ‘adopt’; and on how to make space for failure, reflection and learning along the way. This volume contains scientific contributions that frame the broader challenge. The Flood Risk Information System for Adaptation Measures and Evaluation (FRAME) is a GeoNode-based decision-support platform tailored to Central Vietnam. Developed within the FloodAdaptVN project, FRAME stands as a technical, yet highly transferable tool—one that makes flood risk and adaptation planning more accessible and responsive. The article focuses on the orchestration of the system’s core functionalities, offering insight into how digital infrastructures can be locally deployed and customised. Complementing that, a contribution by the members of the SURE facilitation and synthesis research team shifts the lens from technology to reflexivity. Drawing on four years of transdisciplinary scientific work within the SURE programme, the article proposes a novel framework for impact-oriented monitoring—one that privileges ongoing self-reflection over static metrics, and that positions reflective research cultures as a catalyst for transformative urban change. In the volume’s third scholarly article, the SURE facilitation and synthesis research team comments on the nature, theory, and practice of synthesis research, of course in the thematic area of sustainability, especially in the urban context. That article explains in what ways facilitation and synthesis efforts help understand the interlinked dimensions of the built environment, and illuminates the project’s approach and methodology while doing so. Vietnam (photo credit: Vivienne Mayer) 8 EDITORIAL The volume’s activity reports build upon this conceptual foundation, taking us into the texture of place and practice. In Phnom Penh, thermal UAV technology is used to map urban heat footprints, producing high-resolution visual data that help local decision-makers grasp the cooling potential of green and blue infrastructure. In Thailand’s Chanthaboon Waterfront Community, we find an inspiring case of financial social innovation—where a locally rooted social enterprise has fused heritage conservation with participatory investment, yielding both economic vitality and cultural renewal. Also located in Thailand, the CHARMS project experiments with participatory storytelling methods, using the SenseMaker® tool to capture citizens’ emotional attachments to traditional wooden homes. In this case, preservation is less about architectural typologies than about memory, belonging, and identity—and the role of citizens as co-authors of the urban narrative. Several contributions from Vietnam illustrate the diversity of what ‘transfer’ can mean. One report revisits the Cu De River Valley, where a community-based ecotourism concept has been gradually co-developed through workshops, training, and iterative engagement—a reminder that successful implementation often unfolds over years. Another article presents the outcomes of a regional networking forum convened under the FloodAdaptVN project, exploring the prospects of interprovincial cooperation in climate adaptation and disaster-risk reduction. And yet another article documents a bathymetric survey of the Huong and Bo Rivers, offering both a technical intervention and a story of the practical challenges involved—from sand theft to outdated reference systems. These field-based accounts are complemented by a series of shorter contributions—news items and snapshots. These capture moments of innovation and relationship-building. Whether through the development of a genderequitable building approach in Cambodia, the launch of a green infrastructure survey in Huế, or a collaborative workshop on ecosystem services in Shanghai, these pieces underline the vibrant, ongoing dialogues that surround SURE’s research efforts. And they remind us, too, that solutions are always situated: they emerge not only in laboratories and offices, but in workshops, classrooms, on street corners, and riversides. Taken together, the contributions in this volume ask to rethink the very notion of “solution transfer.” What if, instead of framing solutions as something to be handed over, we understood them as processes of co-production—fragile, contextual, and unfinished? What if we judged success not solely by efficiency or impact, but by the depth of engagement, the mutuality of learning, and the care taken in translation? In this spirit, SURE Solutions continues to serve as a platform for dissemination as well as a space for synthesis—a curated forum where technical detail meets narrative insight, and where knowledge is mobilised as a community endeavour. As editors, we thank all contributors for their commitment, creativity, and honesty in sharing their achievements and questions. We invite readers to engage with this volume as a kind of open-ended conversation. As cities across the world are increasingly challenged by the urgency of sustainability, successful transfer means not only moving ideas, but moving together. Transfer happens here, not as a straightforward application of solutions, but as a process of careful translation, re-alignment, and co-production” Katharina M. Borgmann, Jörg Rainer Noennig & Frank Schwartze 9 EDITORIAL SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 rious sensors to collect data that help to validate our simulations, which are conducted with regard to hygrothermal aspects and thermal indoor comfort. Furthermore, the effect of Typha insulation on the indoor air quality due to its sealing effect and on the cooling energy consumption of the air conditioning systems is investigated. In addition, the house serves as a showcase for bio-based construction and insulation materials to Thai actors from the construction industry. KMITL role is to explore the sustainable potential of farming cattail alongside rice and assess the material's resistance to insects and microorganisms. By the end of 2024, CHARMS had assessed the role that bio-based building materials can play within existing local urban development policies and initiatives in Thailand. In addition, the project consolidated the data and insights gathered on residential indoor comfort and developed an inventory of dimensions and attributes that define high-quality indoor comfort from the residents’ perspective. Henrik Beermann, Jakob Richtmann, Martin Krus & Ralf Kilian Operating in five wards, the survey reflects the great diversity of neighborhoods in Huế” GreenCityLabHuế Revealing Preferences for Urban Greenery: GreenCityLabHuế Launched Public Survey on Green Infrastructure in Huế, Vietnam Following a collaboration between the Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, the Faculty of Architecture at Huế University and the Humboldt-University of Berlin, GreenCityLabHuế has launched a public survey in mid-January 2024 aiming to reveal the public's opinion on green-blue infrastructure in Huế, Central Vietnam. Citizens' Preferences are a Key Factor for the Acceptance of Local Climate Adaptation Measures Being highly affected by the impacts of climate change, e.g. due to prolonged heat waves, cities in Central Vietnam are challenged to find sustainable solutions for climate change adaptation. In this respect, elements of urban green-blue infrastructure (GBI) have proven to be effective measures and are increasingly being financed and implemented in South-East Asia, including Vietnam (Nguyen et al., 2022; MONRE (ed.), 2022; Pham et al., 2022; Asian Development Bank, 2019). However, specifically for Vietnam, there are still knowledge gaps, e.g. in terms of the effectiveness of certain measures on local microclimatic conditions (Fu et al., 2022; Koc et al., 2018), but also in terms of citizens’ perceptions, demands or preferences for specific types of GBI. The latter is particularly important for realising sustainable, socially inclusive and thus accepted, and locally adapted action (SowińskaŚwierkosz et al., 2021). In this regard, collaborative and inclusive decision-making that involves the views and perspectives of broad and diverse groups of actors, including citizens, has been described as a vital factor for achieving successful GBI as nature-based solutions (ibid.). Moreover, the aesthetical and local preferences and perceptions of nature of potential (recreational) users as beneficiaries of naturebased solutions are considered fundamental not only in the design of greening interventions, but also for gaining local legitimacy through an improvement of quality of life (Jørgensen et al., 2022). Accordingly, the survey seeks to elicit multifaceted responses that reveal attitudes 16 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Green oasis next to a main road (photo credit: Luca Sumfleth). towards climate change adaptation and GBI in Huế. In so doing, first we identify perceived local, environmental, and climate change-related challenges as framing conditions of GBI interventions, including citizens’ awareness with regard to the benefits provided by GBI for their potential mitigation. Second, to support the mainstreaming of GBI and NbS in Huế as tools for addressing the identified local issues, more-specific preferences, demands and perceptions of nature are being evoked. A Comprehensive Questionnaire Allows for Insights into Key Aspects for GBI Governance and Design The survey questionnaire was codeveloped through several reviews between the Vietnamese and German partners, and was then translated from English into Vietnamese. A pilot questionnaire was internally circulated among the project members, relatives and acquaintances to assess word choice, ensure a readerfriendly structure, and estimate the time required for responses. The final questionnaire combines both Likert scale questions and open-ended questions, and comprises the following sections: • First, the scope and purpose of the survey are introduced, including information on the project background, and presenting a definition of GBI; • Second, information on the respondent, including socio-demographic characteristics, is elicited, to support detecting potentially different perceptions or demands between groups of citizens, e.g. based on gender, age, or level of education; • Third, personal awareness, perceptions and demands are explored, with respondents asked to indicate (dis-)agreement on predefined statements and items. These were chosen based on previous project findings, e.g., a co-created typology of GBI elements, and roundtable outcomes, e.g. regarding common challenges. The statements also consider potentially desirable GBI traits or features in terms of their aesthetics and design. This includes eliciting the acceptance of and preference towards differing degrees of green spaces’ cultivation or naturalness, which may subsequently support an optimisation of ecosystem service delivery, as well as identifying potential synergies or trade-offs due to stated preferences. Furthermore, questions on local potential as perceived by citizens, i.e., opportunities for the improvement or development of GBI, have also been recorded. Operating in Five Wards, the Survey Reflects the Great Diversity of Neighbourhoods in Huế The survey was conducted in five wards within the administrative boundaries of the city of Huế. The wards were selected based on different categories such as population density, location considering also an urban-rural gradient, and green space distribution and density. The selected wards are (1) An Dong, a newly developed ward; (2) Phu Hoi, the most populated ward; (3) Thuy Bieu, a ward located at the outskirts; (4) Tay Loc, the Citadel ward; and (5) Huong So, a resettlement ward. The survey took place from the 9th to 12th of January 2024. It was carried out with the assistance of 10 students trained by the GreenCityLabHuế project members on how to approach and interview randomly selected citizens, and how 17 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 to correctly interpret the questions by using the semi-structured questionnaire. The students were equally divided into groups of 4, with each group being in charge of selected wards. The interviewers were walking or using motorbikes to move across the ward and spontaneously asked the residents, who have permanently or temporarily settled in the chosen ward, to participate in the survey. As is typical for Vietnam, at the end of each interview the participants received an environmentally friendly, locally designed bookmark as an acknowledging present from the GreenCityLabHuế project. Parallel to this onsite survey in the chosen wards, the survey was launched online and distributed on social media, to engage a wider audience. Initial Results Indicate Potential Trade-Offs Initial results indicate a high level of awareness regarding environmental issues, a generally high acceptance of green infrastructure, and a high demand for ecosystem services. However, there may be low acceptance of more natural GBI designs, resulting in potential trade-offs with regard to demanded ecosystem services or wider benefits such as the support of biodiversity. This demonstrates the potential need to raise awareness of the benefits of solutions close to nature. Luca Sumfleth, Long Nguyen & Sebastian Scheuer IMECOGIP IMECOGIP Workshop Explores Ecosystem Services in Shanghai From October 31 to November 2, 2023, after another prolonged hiatus, the German members of the IMECOGIP project had the opportunity to visit their Chinese project partners in Shanghai again, hosting a workshop focused on the IMECOGIP toolbox for assessing ecosystem services. The event started with a keynote speech by representatives of the environmental assessment company DIST, setting the stage by evaluating cities based on various sustainability aspects and by using geospatial data. This speech provided us with a comprehensive understanding of sustainable practices, utilising advanced computational tools and methodologies. The workshop was accompanied by field trips to key locations, including Shuxin Town on Chongming Island and Shuiku Village, where all participants had the opportunity to witness firsthand the impactful green infrastructure projects shaping Shanghai's landscape. These excursions provided valuable insights into the green space planning practice as well as into local initiatives, fostering a deeper understanding of the environmental chances and challenges faced by the region. Two dynamic hands-on workshops were conducted, where IMECOGIP project members initially introduced participants to the concept of ecosystem services and the functionalities of EnhancES, the toolbox developed by IMECOGIP for mapping, assessing and enhancing ecosystem services. Subsequently, participants, including students from Tongji University and professionals from the planning and business sectors in China, applied the IMECOGIP toolbox to their own data and use cases. In the evaluation phases, participants were able to provide feedback on the application and userfriendliness, engaging in collaborative discussions with the project members. Together, we explored potential use cases for the toolbox in China and discussed the prerequisites necessary to integrate it into planning practices within the Chinese context. The diverse perspectives of both students and practitioners have helped us understand the varied expectations that users have with regard to the toolbox. Building upon these insights, we have identified opportunities for improvement and further development to meet the distinct needs of the users. The collaborative nature of these sessions allowed for exchange of ideas, experiences and expertise with valuable insights into how planning in China is conducted, and how the project can support ongoing developments in green space planning. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to our Chinese project partners from Tongji University, whose support played a pivotal role in the success of these workshops. Their contribution ensured that the sessions were not only insightful but also paved the way for crucial feedback on the functionality, potential applications, and future development of our toolbox within the unique context of China. The diverse perspectives shared by participants, coupled with the vibrant energy of Shanghai, created an atmosphere of innovation and collaboration. Through this workshop, we not only gained valuable insights into the practical implementation of our tools but also created meaningful connections with our partners and new ac18 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 IMECOGIP project partners meet in Shanghai (photo credit: IMECOGIP). quaintances dedicated to advancing sustainable practices in China. As we reflect on the IMECOGIP workshop in Shanghai, the shared experiences, the exploration of green infrastructure projects and the collaborative workshops have undoubtedly pushed our mission forward. We look forward to continuing this journey, building on the knowledge gained and furthering our collaborative efforts to promote sustainable practices and enhance ecosystem services worldwide. Christin Busch, Malte Bührs, Lars Gruenlagen & Harald Zepp URA International Conference: StadtLand – From Thuringia to a Planetary Perspective The collaboration between the SinoGerman project Urban Rural Assembly (URA) and the International Building Exhibition (IBA) Thuringia reached its pinnacle with the organisation of the international conference "StadtLand – from Thuringia to a Planetary Perspective". Held in the iconic Eiermann building in Apolda, the conference was an integral part of the "Stadtland – Learning from Thuringia" exhibition, showcasing the outcomes of IBA's ten-year project development process. The URA project, ongoing since 2019, has been dedicated to researching the development and planning of urbanrural interface regions in both China and Germany. At the heart of the conference was the call for a “Stadt-Land” perspective, highlighting the interconnectedness and material cycles within larger territories that encompass both urban and rural areas. Recognising the significance of “rural” areas as critical resources for achieving a more circular and climate-friendly future, the StadtLand perspective advocates for new societal practices that promote solidarity in land use, alongside resource-efficient 19 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 International Conference "StadtLand – from Thuringia to a Planetary Perspective" (source: IBA Thuringia. Photo credit: Thomas Müller). construction and economic activities. URA delved into the rapid socio-spatial transformation processes characterising the urban-rural regions in Huangyan/Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China. IBA, along with its local partners, implemented model projects in Thuringia, showcasing practical examples of sustainable urban-rural development. Both projects utilised “living labs“ as platforms to support the development of strategies and tools for future changes, making the conference a point of convergence of theoretical discussions and practical initiatives. Conducted in both German and English, the conference provided a forum for international researchers and practitioners interested in the urban-rural interface. The inclusion of a live-streaming option extended the reach of the conference to a broader audience. The diverse lineup of speakers, representing various regions and disciplines, added depth and breadth to the discussions. The program, spread over three days, featured keynote speakers, panel sessions, and a visit to IBA project sites. The conference commenced on Thursday, May 4th, 2023, with an introductory session moderated by Dr. Cordelia Polinna from Forward Planning and Research. Welcoming remarks from Klara Geywitz, the Federal Minister of BMWSB, Bodo Ramelow, the Minister-President of the State of Thuringia, and Marta Doehler-Behzadi, the Director of IBA Thuringia, set the tone for the event. Keynotes were delivered by Philipp Misselwitz from Bauhaus Earth, Berlin, and Remy Sietchieping from UN-Habitat, Nairobi, and were followed by the opening of the IBA exhibition. The second day, May 5th, continued with thematic sessions moderated by Dr. Cordelia Polinna, covering StadtLand, strategies for sustainable development, and practical actions. Speakers like Hillary Angelo, Milica Topalovic, Steffen Nijhuis, Marta Doehler-Behzadi, Kelly Shannon, Guiqing Yang, Anke Hagemann and others engaged in discussions, offering valuable insights and diverse perspectives on urban-rural relations. The final day concluded with an excursion to IBA project sites, allowing participants to witness firsthand the practical implementation of sustainable urban-rural development strategies. This hands-on experience added a tangible dimension to the conference's theoretical discussions, fostering a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the field. In summary, the "StadtLand – From Thuringia to a Planetary Perspective" conference served as a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue, knowledge exchange, and the exploration of innovative solutions for urban-rural challenges. By bringing together diverse perspectives and practical examples, the conference contributed to shaping a more holistic and sustainable approach to urban-rural development on both a local and global scale. Li Fan 20 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Presentation of the SURE F&SR Team during the WUF 12 in Cairo (photo credit: SURE F&SR). SURE F&SR SURE at the World Urban Forum 12, in Cairo The SURE funding priority was featured at the German Pavilion during the 12th World Urban Forum, held from 4–8 November 2024 in Cairo, Egypt. Visitors were welcomed with a dynamic showcase of SURE Funding Priority through a digital platform and interactive formats. A notable part of the permanent exhibition was the SURE atlas—an interactive digital platform developed by the Facilitation and Synthesis Research (F&SR) team. The atlas provides indepth insights into ten pioneering research projects and includes tools such as: • Cross-Project Analysis for visualising key performance indicators of the funding priority, • The Reflection Toolbox for capturing research projects’ and researchers learning journeys, • The Stakeholder Network Tool for mapping institutional and individual connections across the SURE community. Displayed on a touchscreen within the pavilion, the atlas attracted a diverse audience and helped to make complex research engaging and accessible. To deepen the experience, the F&SR team hosted two interactive sessions offering immersive insights into the program’s objectives and outcomes. The first session, “Transformative Urban Research for Sustainable Urban Regions,” introduced the SURE funding priority and engaged participants in an open dialogue on research-driven approaches to urban sustainability. Moderated by Dr. Katharina Borgmann (HafenCity University Hamburg), Prof. Frank Schwartze (TH Lübeck), and Dr. Heike Bauer (DLR), the discussion explored how urban research bridges global sustainability targets with local realities. Key topics included expectations, challenges, and success stories in transformative research, with an emphasis on knowledge transfer. The second session, “Transdisciplinary, Collaborative Alliances for Sustainable Urban Regions,” featured three SURE projects—URA, Build4People, and PolyUrbanWaters. These initiatives tackle topics such as urban–rural integration, water resource management, and sustainable behaviour and housing in rapidly growing cities. Panellists Prof. Dr. Anke Hagemann (TU Berlin), Dr. Bernd Gutterer (Borda e.V.), and Dr. Michael Waibel (University of Hamburg) shared cross-cultural experiences and emphasised the value of inclusive partnerships and mutual learning. Participants were encouraged to reflect, ask questions, and find inspiration for future collaboration. From digital tools to in-depth discussions, the SURE showcase at the pavilion offered a compelling snapshot of how transdisciplinary research can foster urban resilience and sustainability in Southeast Asia and China. Ágota Barabás 21 NEWS SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Build4People Enhancing Urban Resilience through Thermal UAV Technology: A Case Study of Green Space Monitoring in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Gulam Mohiuddin, Jan-Peter Mund, Chea Chetha, Eun Sambath, Sanara Hor & Michael Waibel 22 ACTIVITY REPORT Cover photo: Phnom Penh, Cambodia (photo credit: Katharina M. Borgmann). Phnom Penh, Cambodia This activity report describes the use of thermal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for monitoring urban land cover (i.e., green spaces), focusing on the potential to monitor urban ecosystems of the rapidly urbanising Phnom Penh. By employing a transdisciplinary approach, the Build4People project trained local partners on using thermal UAVs to collect high-resolution RGB and thermal images. Results revealed distinct thermal footprints of different land covers, highlighting the cooling effects of water bodies and vegetation in an urban area. This activity demonstrates how thermal UAV technology can advance urban environmental monitoring. The empirical results from the activity are useful in fostering sustainable urban transformation because local decision-makers received clear visual hints about thermal footprint of different infrastructures inspiring measures to combat urban heat island (UHI) effects, among others. Generally, applying such innovative technologies in the field of sustainable urban transformation is regarded as essential to enhancing environmental sustainability and urban liveability. Deutsch Dieser Tätigkeitsbericht beschreibt den Einsatz von thermischen unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen (UAV) zur Überwachung der städtischen Bodenbedeckung (d. h. Grünflächen) mit Schwerpunkt auf dem Potenzial zur Überwachung städtischer Ökosysteme in der sich rasch urbanisierenden Stadt Phnom Penh. Mit einem transdisziplinären Ansatz schulte das Projekt Build4People lokale Partner in der Verwendung thermischer UAV zur Erfassung hochauflösender RGBund Wärmebilder. Die Ergebnisse zeigten deutliche thermische Fußabdrücke verschiedener Landbedeckungen und verdeutlichten die kühlenden Effekte von Gewässern und Vegetation in einem städtischen Gebiet. Diese Übung zeigt, wie thermische UAV-Technologie die städtische Umweltüberwachung verbessern kann. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Übung sind nützlich für die Förderung einer nachhaltigen städtischen Transformation, da lokale Entscheidungsträger klare visuelle Hinweise auf die thermischen Fußabdrücke verschiedener Infrastrukturen erhielten, die unter anderem zu Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des städtischen Wärmeinseleffekts (UHI) inspirierten. Generell wird der Einsatz solcher innovativen Technologien im Bereich der nachhaltigen Stadtumgestaltung als wesentlich für die Verbesserung der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und der Lebensqualität in Städten angesehen. 23 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Street Landscape in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (photo credit: Katharina M. Borgmann). ខ្មែ�ែរ របាាយុកាារណ្ឌ៍�កមែភាាពីដោ��បាា�ពីិពីណ្ឌ៌នាំាអ�ពីីកាារដោស្រ្ត��ស្រ្តបាា�់ ឧ�ករណ្ឌ៍ស្រ្ត�ូ �ខ្មែ�រមាា���ពាាក់កាាដោមរា�ារង្ហាើា�់កដោ�ៅា (Thermal UAV) �ស្រ្តមាា�់កាារ តាាម�ា�ល�ហូនៃ�ត្តងដោ�ាកុ�ងទីីស្រ្តកុង �ិងដោផ្លាៅាត្តដោល��កាៅា�ុពីលដោ��មបីពីស្រ្តងឹង ស្រ្ត�ពី័�ធដោអកូ�ូ�ុីទីីស្រ្តកុងភិុ�ដោពីញ ខ្មែ�លក�ពីុងរីកចីដោស្រ្តម���ុាងឆាា�់រហូ័�។ តាាមរយុៈកាារដោស្រ្ត��ស្រ្តបាា�់វិ�ីសាាស្រ្ត�តទី�ដោ��� គដោស្រ្តមាាងBuild4People បាា� �ណ្ឌះ���ណាះាលនៃ�គូកុ�ងស្រ្ត�ុកឱ្យយដោចី�ដោស្រ្ត���ដោចីំកវិទីាកស្រ្តមិត្ត�ព�់ទាំា�ងដោ��។ ដោយុ�ងក៏បាា�ដោស្រ្ត��ស្រ្តបាា�់ឧ�ករណ្ឌ៍ស្រ្ត�ូ�ដោ��មបីស្រ្ត�មូលរូ�ភាាពី(RGB) �ិងរូ�ភាាពី កដោ�តាខ្មែ�លមាា�គុណ្ឌភាាពីក�រិត្ត�ព�់ ។ លទីធ�លបាា��ង្ហាាាញអ�ពីីលកខ�ណ្ឌឌ កដោ�ៅា�ុ�ៗគ្នាុាដោ�ាតាាមស្រ្ត�ដោភិទីគស្រ្តម��ី�ីមួយុៗ នៃ�េទីឹក�ិងរុកខជាាត្តិមាា� ឥទីធិពីលកុ�ងកាារកាាត្ត់��ថយុកដោ�តាកុ�ងទីីស្រ្តកុង។ កាារ�ិកាដោ��ក៏បាា��ង្ហាាាញអ�ពីី រដោ�ៀ�ខ្មែ�ល ឧ�ករណ្ឌ៍ស្រ្ត�ូ�មាា���ពាាក់កាាដោមរា�ារង្ហាើា�់កដោ�ៅា(Thermal UAV)អាាចីតាាម�ា� �ិងស្រ្ត�មូលទីិ�ុ�័យុពាាក់ពី័�ធជាាមួយុ�ឹង�រិសាថា� ទីីស្រ្តកុងបាា�ទីូល�ទីូលាាយុ �ិងស្រ្ត�ក�ដោ�ាយុស្រ្ត��ិទីធភាាពី។ ពី័ត្ត៌មាា�ខ្មែ�លទីទីួល បាា�ដោ�ាយុកាារ�ិកាបាា�ខ្មែស្រ្ត�កាះាយុជាាឧ�ករណ្ឌ៍�៏��ខាា�់កុ�ងកាារដោស្រ្ត��ស្រ្តបាា�់ �ស្រ្តមាា�់កាារជស្រ្តមុញខ្មែកលមអទីីស្រ្តកុងស្រ្ត�ក�ដោ�ាយុចីីរភាាពី ដោស្រ្តពាា�អុកអ�ុវត្តតអាាចី ទីទីួលបាា�កាារ�ង្ហាាាញ�ុាងចីា�់អ�ពីីទីីតាា�ងខ្មែ�លគួរ�ដោស្រ្តមចីចីិត្តតកុ�ងកាារ �ខ្មែ�ថមនៃ�េនៃ�ត្តងដោ��មបីទី�់ទីល់�ឹងឥទីធិពីលដោកាា�កមៅ(Urban Heat Island)។ ជាាទីូដោ�ា កាារអ�ុវត្តត�ដោចីំកវិទីាខ្មែ�លស្រ្ត�ក�ដោ�ាយុភាាពីនៃចីុស្រ្ត�ឌ្ឍិត្ត កុ�ងកាារខ្មែកខ្មែស្រ្ត�ទីីស្រ្តកុងស្រ្ត�ក�ដោ�ាយុចីីរភាាពីស្រ្តត្តូវបាា�ចាាត្ត់ទីុកថាាជាាកតាតាចាា�បាាចី់ កុ�ងកាារដោល�កកមព�់�ល់�ិរ�តរភាាពី�រិសាថា� �ិងគុណ្ឌភាាពីនៃ�កាាររ�់ដោ�ារ��់ ស្រ្ត�ជាាជ�កុ�ងទីីស្រ្តកុង។ (Automated translation) 24 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Introduction Urban green spaces (such as parks, community gardens, and tree-lined boulevards) are not merely aesthetic enhancements in our cities but are vital to urban ecosystems. They provide many benefits: mitigating urban heat island effects, improving air quality, supporting biodiversity, and offering recreational opportunities for city dwellers (Bowler et al., 2010). These areas serve as natural oases in concrete jungles, contributing significantly to the physical and mental well-being of the population (Hartig et al., 2014). However, effectively monitoring and managing these spaces is a complex task, often heavily resource-consuming to address the challenging dynamics of urban environments. Traditional monitoring methods can be labourintensive and time-consuming (Haaland et al., 2015). In this context, thermal UAVs equipped with advanced sensors and thermal imaging capabilities provide a unique vantage point to study urban green spaces. By capturing high-resolution thermal images from above, they offer detailed insights into the thermal properties of an urban area (Berni et al., 2009). This technology enables researchers and urban planners to monitor land surface of skin temperature variations of urban structures, assess vegetation health, and understand different surfaces' heat absorption and radiation patterns (Zarco-Tejada et al., 2012). The data gathered is invaluable for planning and monitoring urban green spaces, contributing to strategies that combat the UHI effect, thus safeguarding the sustainability and resilience of our cities. Mapping the thermal footprints of urban structures can thus serve as a powerful approach for studying the spatial physical pattern of the urban heat island in tropical cities. As we seek solutions for sustainable urban development, integrating advanced technologies like thermal UAVs in environmental monitoring of urban structures represents a significant leap forward in using sophisticated technologies. In this report, we delve into the one of the activities of the Build4People project, an exemplary initiative that leveraged thermal UAV technology to monitor urban green spaces. Build4People Project Overview The overall aim of the interand trans-disciplinary Build4People project is to support and analyse the transformative shift in Phnom Penh’s current business-as-usual urban development pathway towards a pathway with higher sustainability and liveability levels. The entry points for the research are initially the building and in further course of the project increasingly the more comprehensive neighbourhood planning sectors. Methods, tools and key instruments to achieve the Build4People's objectives are collaborative planning workshops, strategic niche management approaches, transition management approaches such as living labs and subsequent experimental implementation. Thereby, the constant transfer of knowledge between stakeholders from science, politics, civil society and the corporate sector is being regarded as essential for sustainable urban transformation. All of these measures are expected to generate applied knowledge, the development of sustainable practices and consequently to serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making for local stakeholders in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Approach Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an important means of obtaining the temperature of the land surface (LST) with high spatial resolution. In this effort, the Build4People project adopted a collaborative and hands-on approach. Key to this initiative was the training of local research partners, young academic staff of the Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) in Phnom Penh in using the thermal UAVs for data collection. Marking a significant milestone in capacity building, the UAV was formally handed over to RUA in a ceremony, symbolising the project's commitment to sustainable research practices and continuing this vital work in the future (Build4People, 2022). Necessary thermal image data processing was a joint effort between RUA and Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE), ensuring a comprehensive analysis incorporating local 25 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Deutsch Gemeinschaftsbasierter Ökotourismus (CBET) ist ein nachhaltiger Tourismusansatz, der die Vorteile des Tourismus nutzt und gleichzeitig die Umwelt schützt und lokale Gemeinschaften stärkt. Es handelt sich um ein vielschichtiges Unterfangen, an dem Gemeinschaften, Verwaltungen, Nichtregierungsorganisationen und andere Interessengruppen gemeinsam beteiligt sind. Zu den wichtigsten Schritten im Umsetzungsprozess gehören die Mobilisierung und Stärkung der Gemeinden, die Bewertung der Ressourcen, die Managementplanung, die Entwicklung der Infrastruktur, der Aufbau von Kapazitäten und auf das jeweilige Gebiet zugeschnittene Marketingstrategien. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts emplement! soll ein Pilotansatz den CBET im Cu De River Valley in Vietnam unterstützen. Auf der Grundlage einer Reihe strategischer Umsetzungsphasen wurde seit 2019 eine Reihe partizipativer Aktivitäten vor Ort durchgeführt. Dazu gehören Umfragen, Workshops für die Bevölkerung, Sommerschulen und eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen zum Kapazitätsaufbau, die aus der Forschung hervorgegangen sind und von den Einheimischen gewünscht wurden. Dies ebnete den Weg für die Entwicklung fundierter Konzepte, die an die lokalen Bedürfnisse und Gegebenheiten angepasst sind und zu einer deutlichen Aktivierung des CBET-Potenzials im Tal geführt haben. Tiếng Việt Du lịch sinh thái dựa vào cộng đồng (CBET) là một hướng tiếp cận du lịch bền vững nhằm khai thác lợi ích do hoạt động du lịch mang lại song song với bảo vệ môi trường và trao quyền cho cộng đồng địa phương. Đây là một khái niệm đa chiều, đòi hỏi nỗ lực hợp tác giữa cộng đồng, cơ quan quản lý hành chính, tổ chức phi chính phủ và các bên liên quan khác. Quá trình triển khai bao gồm nhiều bước quan trọng như sự tham gia và trao quyền cho cộng đồng, đánh giá nguồn lực, lập kế hoạch quản lý, phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng và chiến lược quảng bá phù hợp. Trong khuôn khổ dự án nghiên cứu emplement!, một phương pháp tiếp cận thử nghiệm đã được triển khai từ năm 2019 với nhiều hoạt động, bao gồm các cuộc khảo sát, các buổi workshop cộng đồng, khóa học mùa hè cùng các giải pháp nâng cao năng lực do nhóm nghiên cứu đề xuất và theo nhu cầu thực tế của cộng đồng, hướng đến mục tiêu phát triển mô hình CBET tại Thung lũng sông Cu Đê, Việt Nam. Những hoạt động này đã mở đường cho sự phát triển khung khái niệm thích ứng với nhu cầu và năng lực của địa phương, kích hoạt tiềm năng phát triển CBET trong khu vực. (Automated translation) Introduction The emplement! project, as part of the funding priority “Sustainable Urban Regions (SURE)” of the German Federal Ministry for Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR), focuses on proposing integrated development strategies in the Da Nang and Quang Nam regions in Vietnam to promote a more resilient and sustainable development. The Da Nang City administration has set up a series of tourism development strategies for the region, including the Hoa Vang District and the Hoa Bac Commune where the Cu De River Valley is located. These strategies are compiled in the “Plan for Developing Tourism in Da Nang in the period of 2021 to 2025”, published in 2020, which uses tourism development as an instrument for economic development. Among the objectives of the plan are promoting sustainable development including increasing incomes, multi-stakeholder participation, environmental protection and culture preservation. The Task 2.1 of the emplement! project, defined as “A Sustainable Tourism Concept for the Cu De River Valley Featuring Sanitation, Biodiversity and Promoting Forest Management”, aims at supporting community development in the area, in a process where the inhabitants take responsibility for their future while ensuring sustainable development. In the following report, the main strategic implementation stages and the on-site activities in the period from 2019 to 2023 are presented and assessed. 32 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Community Based Tourism as a Form of Sustainable Tourism Sustainable tourism is an economic activity that protects the existing resources upon which it depends, namely, the social, human, cultural, organisational, built, and natural environment, as well as promotes collaboration between the stakeholders involved in the sustainable tourism development process (Mcareavey and Mcdonagh 2011; Swarbrooke 1999; Flora, Flora, and Gasteyer 2016). A Sustainable Tourism Concept for the Cu De River Valley Featuring Sanitation, Biodiversity and Promoting Forest Management” Community-based tourism (CBT) emerges as an approach to implement sustainable tourism development, particularly in rural areas. In this model, local communities actively participate in the planning and execution of tourism initiatives, ensuring that the projects align with their cultural values, environmental conservation efforts, and economic aspirations (Smith, 2001). By fostering a sense of ownership and involvement among residents, CBT helps to mitigate negative impacts associated with conventional tourism, such as environmental degradation and cultural commodification (Murphy, 1985). The engagement of local communities in decision-making processes not only protects the authenticity of the destination but also promotes responsible tourism practices that contribute to the preservation of natural resources and the protection of cultural heritage. Moreover, community-based tourism in rural areas facilitates sustainable development by addressing the specific needs and challenges of these regions. Rural communities often face economic disparities and limited infrastructure, making it crucial to tailor tourism initiatives to their specific context (Buckley, 2012). CBT allows the creation of small-scale, locallydriven projects that capitalise on the region's natural and cultural assets. This approach not only diversifies the economic base of rural communities but also enhances their resilience to external pressures, creating a foundation for long-term sustainable development (WTO, 2004). As residents actively participate in tourism activities, they experience an improved socio-economic condition through a more equitable distribution of benefits and a strengthened sense of community. In essence, community-based tourism in rural areas emerges as a holistic and effective strategy for sustainable tourism development, ensuring the well-being of both the community and the environment. Community-Based Ecotourism Community-based ecotourism (CBET) is one step further into a sustainable and socially responsible way to harness the benefits of tourism while preserving natural ecosystems and empowering local communities (Regmi & Walter, 2016; Scheyvens, 1999; Stronza & Gordillo, 2008). The implementation process of CBET is a complex and multifaceted endeavour that involves local communities, government agencies, non-governmental organisations, and diverse stakeholders in a collaborative effort. Key steps in the implementation process typically include community mobilisation and empowerment, resource assessment and management planning, infrastructure development, capacity building, and marketing strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of the area. Strategic Implementation Stages of Community-Based Ecotourism in the Cu De River Valley The implementation of a CBET approach requires a strategic and participatory process that considers the specific context and needs of the community. For a sustainable tourism concept in the Cu De River Valley, the emplement! project defined the following steps and stages: 33 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.1: Assessment of existing community capitals as a foundation for CommunityBased Ecotourism (CBET) strategies (Adapted from © Frankfurt UAS, Global Urbanization Research Team). Community Engagement and Empowerment Engage local communities in the decision-making process from the beginning. Encourage active participation and provide opportunities for them to have a voice in planning and decision-making (Scheyvens, 1999). Since 2019, the project activities have been focused on mobilising the community and promoting sustainable tourism initiatives to foster community development in the valley through the diversification of incomes. Several community-based initiatives have been established since then by the community where culture, tourism, agriculture and environmental protection constitute the basis of the projects. The residents organised themselves and formally set up the “Hoa Bac Ecological Agriculture and Community Tourism Cooperative” in 2023. The cooperative’s members understand that joint action and collaboration will result in economic development for all, therefore they have organised themselves into eight working groups, each with a specific focus and responsibilities. The groups are: Homestay, Transportation, Tours, Traditional Dance and Music, Traditional Gastronomy, Agriculture, Forestry, and Handicrafts. Resource Assessment Conduct thorough assessments of the natural and cultural resources within the community, identifying their unique selling points and potential for sustainable tourism development (Hall, 2007). Communities own diverse forms of cultural, natural, financial, built, and social capital or resources that serve as both the foundation for all community stakeholders' needs and the reservoir of contributions made by these stakeholders (Callaghan & Colton, 2008). The availability of resources for CBET comes in different forms; these resources or assets are community capitals when they are invested to create new resources (Flora et al., 2016). In order to assess these capitals, the activities of emplement! in Hoa Bac have included two Summer Schools with the participation of international and local experts as well as students from diverse backgrounds and disciplines. These Summer Schools have helped the project understand the evolution so far of touristic activities among the community as well as identify the potential for emerging and future community-based initiatives (Peterek, Restrepo Rico et al., 2020 and 2023). Together with the community, the assessed capitals 34 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.2: General research structure for the pilot project in the Cu De River Valley 2019 to 2025 (Adapted from © Frankfurt UAS, Global Urbanization Research Team). were then translated into different strategies for cultural preservation, ecotourism, agroforestry, and decentralised infrastructure to guide the proposal of the CBET approach for the valley. Stakeholder Collaboration Collaborate with various stakeholders, including local governments, NGOs, and tour operators, to share knowledge, resources, and responsibilities (Beeton, 2006). The research and work in Hoa Bac mobilised not only the community but also the local authorities, universities and other relevant stakeholders, resulting in a better understanding of the community’s needs by the government and external support for the development of tourism offer in the region. Workshops and meetings with the participation of diverse stakeholders have initiated a process of communication between the community and the government facilitating the support of the CBET process and empowering the community as they identify their strengths and work on their weaknesses as a collective. Capacity Development Invest in capacity-building programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of community members, enabling them to manage effectively and benefit from ecotourism ventures (Sofield & Li, 1998). The activities of emplement! led to the identification of the knowledge gaps among the residents and the needed capacities for the community to implement their CBET vision. In joint work with the community members, the workshops and activities have also highlighted the capacity development priorities. These priorities are directly related to the capitals of the CBET objectives in the valley, as well as the strategies proposed by the emplement! project. The capacity development process for the Hoa Bac community involves: learning about specific topics such as organic agriculture, agroforestry, tourism services, and business management; likewise, skill development for the implementation of sanitary infrastructure in homestays through small-scale decentralised infrastructure; marketing and promotion skills to develop effective and targetoriented marketing and promotional strategies that highlight the community's unique offerings and emphasize the principles of ecotourism (Wearing & Neil, 2009); and finally, collective agreements on sharing profits to ensure that the economic benefits generated by CBET are distributed equitably among community members, fostering a sense of ownership and motivation (Ashley et al., 2000). Infrastructure Development Invest in necessary infrastructure, such as trails, visitor centres, and waste management systems, to ensure the safety and satisfaction of tourists while minimizing environmental impact (Weaver, 2008). Sanitation infrastructure has been a focus of the project since its conception. The analysis of the area highlighted the need for waste collection and processing systems, along with the need for transport and community facilities. The development of infrastructure regarding sanitation in private properties could be approached through decentralised infrastructure; a pilot project for decentralised sanitation is being implemented in 35 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 the Ta Lang village. The larger projects require larger investment; thus the intervention of the local government is essential for the development of infrastructure in Hoa Bac. Legal and Policy Support Advocate for supportive policies and legal frameworks at the local and national levels to protect the rights and interests of rural communities engaged in ecotourism (Mbaiwa, 2003). The CBET concept aims at facilitating the inclusion and acceptance of the existing and future community’s initiatives into the legal framework of the local administration. Although the initiatives in the commune show greater support and acceptance by the residents, there is still a disconnection between the legal policy framework and the land uses accepted in the area. Thus, the inclusion of the CBET concept in the policy framework will promote the emergence of additional initiatives and encourage local residents to invest in the improvement of the existing offerings. This inclusion will ensure the legitimacy of the projects and safeguards the financial investments of the owners. Monitoring and Evaluation Implement robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to assess the social, environmental, and economic impacts of ecotourism activities and make necessary adjustments (Duffus & Dearden, 1990). The coming years will become a good opportunity for researchers and local administrations to evaluate and adjust the impacts of ecotourism development in the Hoa Bac Commune. At the moment, the residents are still learning about tourism and self-organisation, and require support in the realm of capacity building and development of existing skills to provide an attractive offer of ecotourism products to local, national and international visitors. On-Site Activities of emplement! for Community-Based Ecotourism in the Cu De River Valley Although basically following the sequence of steps indicated above, implementation is never a simplistic linear process, but it involves overlaps and regular feedback loops between the different stages. In the following report, a brief summary of the most relevant on-site research and implementation activities in the period 2019 to 2023 is given. In this context, one of the most relevant emplement! partners for the CBET project has been the Danang Architecture University (DAU) and its Community Engaged Learning Center (CELC-DAU). This partnership has facilitated the progress of the project by supporting the on-site research activities, i.e. surveys, community meetings, community workshops and communication with the community. Moreover, CELC-DAU has also taken the responsibility of implementing several of the proposed capacity development activities for the Cu De River Valley. These activities have brought specific knowledge requested by the community and have legitimised the research activities among the community. 2019 – Community Engagement First emplement! Summer School: In September 2019, the first international Summer School established a platform for a preliminary analysis of the status quo of the area, engaging with stakeholders of the community and identifying the community capitals and potentials. The participants were students, teachers and experts from Vietnam and Germany, with the Hoa Bac community as hosts. 2020 – Resource Assessment Documentation of the Summer School: The results provided the first status quo assessment, ideas for sustainable tourism strategies and small-scale projects in Hoa Bac as well as insight into the requirements of visitors for ecotourism in the area. 36 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.3: Results of the first emplement! Summer School in 2019 and the second Summer School in 2022 (© Frankfurt UAS, Global Urbanization Research Team). Workshops on Community-based Tourism Development in Ta Lang and Gian Bi villages: Still under COVID restrictions in late 2020 and early 2021, DAU students proposed ideas related to local tourism products, available properties improvement and homestays development. 2021 – Resource Assessment and Community Engagement Community Survey: A data collection survey was done on-site in a focus groups elicitation process answered by community leaders and residents through a semi-structured questionnaire. This allowed a better understanding of the Hoa Bac Commune, the socio-economic conditions, income generation activities and infrastructure needs. It also collected information about already existing community-based tourism activities, tourism infrastructure, as well as local capacities related to tourism development and tourism potentials. Local Culture Course: This research by the DAU School of Tourism & Hospitality investigated the cultural traditions and values of the Co Tu ethnic minority community. Workshop on Design and Brand Identity: The codesign activities of DAU students with locals in Hoa Bac helped at increasing awareness for community tourism by providing two homestays with ideas to integrate local culture features into landscape design, interior design, and brand identity. 37 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.4: Knowledge transfer by local actors during the second Summer School in 2022 (© Frankfurt UAS, Global Urbanization Research Team). Workshops on Livelihood Improvement by Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation: The relevance of environmental, forest and water protection for livelihood improvement in the context of community-based tourism was the topic of several workshops throughout the year together with local community representatives. 2022 – Community Engagement and Empowerment, Community Capitals Assessment and Stakeholder Collaboration Workshop with the Hoa Bac Community: During this activity with diverse stakeholders in spring 2022, the first draft of the Community-Based Ecotourism Concept for the Cu De River Valley, resulting from the assessment of the status quo, the community capitals analysis and the different activities so far, was presented and discussed. Second emplement! Summer School: In September 2022, the second Summer School had the objective to identify the capacity development needs of the community for implementation of a CBET concept. The participants were Vietnamese and German students and experts with the Hoa Bac community as hosts. The result was an in-depth understanding of the existing capacities and local knowledge as well as the knowledge gaps related to specific ecotourism projects proposed by the community. A preliminary capacity development process blueprint could be provided for each one of the CBET 38 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.5: Final presentation by a local community representative in the first workshop on a Sustainable Regional Tourism Network in 2022 (© Frankfurt UAS, Global Urbanization Research Team). strategies, namely, cultural preservation, ecotourism, agroforestry and decentralised infrastructure, as well as the outlook on a regional tourism network. First Workshop on a Sustainable Regional Tourism Network: This workshop, which took place on-site in Hoa Bac, mobilised regional stakeholders from community-based tourism initiatives, public administration, private tours operators and universities. The joint exchange on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of sustainable tourism in the region provided valuable insights into the current situation, including intraregional differentiations, and became an important basis for the next steps of conceptualisation, transfer and monitoring of CBET in a regional perspective. 2023 – Stakeholder Collaboration and Capacity Development Evaluation Survey of CBET Development in Hoa Bac: The impact of the project activities since 2019 was evaluated by CELC-DAU based on approximately 100 households. The results showed a significant increase of the number of visitors, considerable improvements in touristic services, infrastructure and people’s livelihood, but still a low community involvement. Community Meeting with the Cooperative: The results of the evaluation survey were discussed as well as ideas for income generation by an improved local fruit production. 39 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Community Workshop on Capacity Development Needs for CBET: By discussing the capacity development needs of the community for implementing CBET, the workshop provided crucial information about the knowledge needs and priorities of the community, along with initiating a process of collective understanding of the idea of capacity development. The results were organised into a capacity development framework categorised according to the different CBET strategies and presented to the local administration in order to engage them in the capacity development process. Workshop on Digital Marketing for CBET: The objectives of this workshop focused on raising awareness, sharing strategies and building the skills among the community to carry out effective digital marketing activities. Workshop on Community Capacity Development: The workshop aimed at empowering the cooperative members to organise capacity development activities by themselves and share existing local knowledge among the community. The objective was promoting self-organisation strategies and self-development possibilities. Workshop on Sustainable Agriculture and Agroforestry: After a knowledge-sharing activity with visits to different locations within the valley where approaches to organic agriculture and agroforestry had already been implemented, diverse options for sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, the related technologies as well as the inclusion of ecotourism projects were presented and discussed. Second Workshop on a Sustainable Regional Tourism Network: The workshop, located in Cam Kim village in Quang Nam province, was attended by a large number of participants aiming at developing CBT approaches in villages in the wider region. It was a space for sharing knowledge about sustainable tourism practices, it helped to connect the community leaders, representatives, individuals, and organisations involved, and established a communication platform for transferability, knowledge sharing and coordination of activities. Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) is a sustainable tourism approach to harness the benefits of tourism while preserving the environment and empowering local communities. It is a multifaceted endeavour that involves communities, administrations, non-governmental organisations, and other stakeholders in a collaborative effort.” Workshop on Financial Management and Tax Accounting: It is important for cooperative members to learn how to best manage their finances and legalise their profits in order to equitably distribute the benefits of CBET among the community. The participants learned about the importance and benefits of personal financial management, planning and financial management tools, documents, policies and regulations related to tax accounting, VAT calculation, electronic invoices, tax declaration software, and other topics. General Assessment of the Impact of the emplement! Project in the Cu De River Valley The impact of emplement! in the Cu De River Valley can best be illustrated by the proliferation of CBET projects since the first Summer School in 2019, the official establishment of the “Hoa Bac Ecological Agriculture and Community Tourism Cooperative” in 2023, and the recognition of the Hoa Bac commune and the cooperative as an exemplary model in the development of a CBET approach in the region. The community leaders have recently been invited to several communities in the neighbouring regions as well as in the Mekong Delta to share their experiences and guide others in the process of initiating CBET projects in their areas. Between 2019 to 2023, the number and quality of local tourism services has increased considerably, 40 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 including cultural performances, forest and agricultural tours, cooking classes, handicraft production, bike rental services, intra-valley transport services by an electrical car, water-related and other experience activities. Meanwhile, visitors can enjoy a larger number of restaurants and cafés and be hosted in homestays or camping of different standard. Thereby, the valley has also developed into a recreational area close to the city at weekends. One particular highlight was the regional Tourism Festival in Hoa Bac in early May 2023, which lasted several days. Furthermore, with the support of the project, CELCDAU and other local experts, the community has opened the door to host study groups in the valley with the perspective of becoming an open centre for education in community-based development and environmental protection. By generating a two-way knowledge exchange, the community benefits from the technical know-how of academia while the students gain practical experience in the real world. Evaluation and Conclusions for the emplement! Research Process Looking back at the research process since 2019, the early status quo analysis, established jointly with the community and local academic partners, paved the way for the development of well-rounded concepts adapted to local needs and conditions, which led to increased awareness and a significant activation of CBET potentials in the valley. A particular boost for the entire project had been provided by the idea of a cooperative as a basic organisational and management structure, which evolved since 2020 in collaboration with local stakeholders and was finally legalised last year. Based on this trusting cooperation with the local community, since 2023 the project’s focus has now been on the conceptualisation and implementation of the diverse capacity development measures needed for the empowerment of all stakeholders, specifically in the field of tourism management, self-organisation, entrepreneurship and marketing. Besides the ongoing support and coordination of such capacity development measures, a first pilot project for decentralised sanitation is scheduled to be implemented by the end of 2024. The activities until the completion of the project in 2025 will concentrate on the legal and policy support for the CBET initiative by the local administration and finally, on the lessons learnt, documentation, scaling-up and transfer of the process framework and implementation tools from the CBET pilot project in Hoa Bac to other communities in the Da Nang and Quang Nam region. 41 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 which often position governmental agencies as the principal custodians of heritage sites. Instead, the SenseMaker® results indicate that in Chiang Mai, preservation is largely a grassroots effort, sustained by local engagement rather than state-led initiatives. Emotional Tone: Public Sentiment Toward Wooden House Preservation As part of the SenseMaker® analysis, participants categorised their stories based on emotional tone, which provided insight into how residents perceive the preservation of wooden houses in Chiang Mai. This assessment serves to demonstrate the tool’s ability to capture not only what people think but also how they feel about urban heritage. The findings reveal a predominantly positive outlook, with 39% of respondents expressing hope, indicating optimism about the future of these structures. Additionally, 28% conveyed confidence, reflecting a belief in the feasibility of conservation efforts. However, 14% of participants reported uncertainty, pointing to concerns over maintenance costs and economic pressures. Negative sentiments were minimal, with only 11% selecting "worry" or "frustration" (Figure 2). Participatory governance is crucial for policy legitimacy, yet many urban policies remain detached from community needs. Without meaningful input from residents, conservation efforts risk being perceived as technocratic interventions that do not reflect local priorities”. These results illustrate how SenseMaker® enables an in-depth understanding of public sentiment beyond conventional survey responses. The findings highlight the emotional connection residents have to these buildings, suggesting that conservation efforts rooted in community participation and cultural identity are more likely to be embraced. This emotional assessment reinforces the importance of integrating lived experiences into policy discussions, ensuring that preservation strategies align with both practical concerns and local values. Conclusion This study demonstrates the effectiveness of SenseMaker® in bridging the divide between topdown urban planning and grassroots conservation efforts. As the CHARMS project shows, the preservation of traditional wooden houses in Chiang Mai is not merely an architectural challenge but one that involves deep social, cultural, and environmental dimensions. The findings indicate that while institutional support for heritage preservation remains limited, local communities take a leading role in advocating for conservation efforts, driven by strong emotional connections to these buildings. This aligns with the broader concept of human-centred urban development, where urban policies should not only focus on economic metrics but also consider the lived experiences, cultural identities, and environmental concerns of local populations. Participatory governance, as emphasised by Mendez, Pegan, and Triga (2024), is essential to ensure that policies are legitimate and responsive to community needs. SenseMaker® is a powerful tool for achieving this by providing a mechanism through which community-driven insights can inform urban planning. By incorporating local narratives and emotional assessments, SenseMaker® ensures that heritage conservation efforts are more inclusive, sustainable, and aligned with the aspirations of the communities they impact. Through this process, it highlights the potential of participatory, data-informed decision-making to foster more responsive and culturally sensitive urban policies. 48 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 URA Introducing Dr. Xie Yuting L ecturer and deputy director of the Institute of Landscape Architecture at Zhejiang University and a member of the Committee of Landscape Architecture in China. Currently, she plays the role of the principal investigator of WP4 “Urban-Rural Landscapes and Spatial Typologies” in the Urban-Rural Assembly (URA) project. In 2015, she co-founded the China Urban Landscape Lab at TU Munich, which is dedicated to managing landscape changes and developing historical landscape structures as a fundamental qualitative framework for China’s rapidly transforming urban environment. Since 2019, Dr. Xie has operated the collaborative research platform Jiangnan Lab, which uses regional design as a tool for bringing cross-sector spatial planning, landscape architecture and urban design, and multi-level governance together in the Yangtze River Delta integration process. Dr. Xie joined the URA project in the research and development phase in October 2020. During the pandemic time of 2021, she led and coordinated the Urban Rural Living Lab (URLL) #1 in Beiyang Town Area. The URLL model explores regional communitydriven pilot interventions addressing circular economies, cultural heritage, renewable resources, and food security. In cooperation with WPs 2-6, an open call for participation was launched which invited students from across China to an interdisciplinary workshop in Beiyang Township, Huangyan-Taizhou. Seventeen participants, organised into three groups, delved into the research topics of sustainable management of modern agriculture and water-sensitive rural development under territorial planning. In May 2023, Dr. Xie's team visited Thuringia to attend the "StadtLand – from Thuringia to a planetary perspective" international conference and the Raumbild workshop at Bauhaus University Weimar. Moreover, she promoted WP4’s specialised work on “Urban-Rural Water Landscape” with Prof. Sigrun Langner through a week-long workshop. A spatial typology study and territorial transect analysis of the Huangyan Taizhou area were conducted, arriving at a regional vision of intertwined blue-green infrastructure to address water-related challenges of water supply, water pollution, and water accessibility. In Sept 2023, Dr. Xie cooperated with the entire URA team to conduct the URLL #2 in Xinqian Neighborhood through a series of Raumbild workshops involving multiple stakeholders, which brought together academic insight, practical application, community engagement, and international perspectives. The workshops addressed key topics of the green mold industry and inclusive community at the urban-rural interface. Besides the URLL 2, the WP4 team conducted field trips and mapping along the Xinqian transect to identify its landscape characteristics and types. Human-water relationship in rural industrialisation areas was also investigated when focus areas were selected in one of the landscape types “collage landscape” that belongs the transect. This study revealed fragile ecological environments in the collage landscape and proposed strategies such as re-wilding industry-agriculture interfaces and improving the connectivity and storage capacity of pond systems. Xie Yuting 49 SNAPSHOT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Front site of the Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn (Source: www.baanluangrajamaitri.com 2024). CHARMS Financial Social Innovation for Heritage Preservation: The Case of the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community Valeriya Sannikova & Henrik Beermann ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Chanthaburi Province, Thailand The revitalisation of the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community in Thailand exemplifies a novel approach to cultural heritage preservation and sustainable development. The project, initiated in 2009, emphasises a “culture-led regeneration” model, focusing on maintaining the community’s traditional lifestyle and fostering collective ownership. The Chanthaboon Waterfront Community’s transformation, which includes the restoration of the Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn, highlights the potential for blending economic vitality with cultural conservation. By establishing the Chanthaboon Rakdee Co., Ltd. as a social enterprise, the project successfully integrated participatory funding and community-driven initiatives. The innovative combination of social entrepreneurship and local engagement has allowed the community to balance modernisation with tradition. International recognition through the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Award underscores the broader relevance of the “Chanthaboon Model,” which serves as a scalable and adaptable strategy for sustainable heritage preservation that can be replicated in diverse socio-economic contexts globally. 51 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.1: News article reflecting the high public interest in the innovative preservation efforts driven by the local community (© Fraunhofer IMW). Deutsch Die Revitalisierung der ChanthaboonUfergemeinschaft (Chanthaboon Waterfront Community) in Thailand ist ein Beispiel für einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes und zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Das 2009 ins Leben gerufene Projekt betont ein Modell der „kulturgeprägten Erneuerung“, dessen Schwerpunkt auf der Bewahrung der traditionellen Lebensweise der Gemeinschaft und der Förderung des kollektiven Eigentums liegt. Die Umgestaltung der Chanthaboon-Ufergemeinschaft, zu der auch die Restaurierung des historischen Gasthauses Baan Luang Rajamaitri gehört, verdeutlicht das Potenzial einer Verbindung von wirtschaftlicher Vitalität und kultureller Bewahrung. Durch die Gründung des Sozialunternehmens Chanthaboon Rakdee Co., Ltd. gelang es, partizipative Finanzierung und gemeindegetriebene Initiativen erfolgreich zu integrieren. Die innovative Kombination aus sozialem Unternehmertum und lokalem Engagement hat es der Gemeinde ermöglicht, Modernisierung und Tradition in Einklang zu bringen. Die internationale Anerkennung durch den UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Award unterstreicht die allgemeine Relevanz des „Chanthaboon-Modells”, das als skalierbare und anpassungsfähige Strategie für die nachhaltige Erhaltung des Kulturerbes dient und in verschiedenen sozioökonomischen Kontexten weltweit repliziert werden kann. แบบไทย การฟ้ื�นฟู้ชุ้มช้นร่มนํ�าจันทบูรนับเป็นต์ัวอย่างของแนวทางใหม่ใน การอนุรักษ์์มรดกทางวัฒนธ์รรมควบคู่กับการพััฒนาอย่างยั�งยืน โครงการน่�ร่เร่�มข่�นเมื�อป่ พั.ศ. 2552 โดยย่ดแนวค่ด "การฟ้ื�นฟู้ โดยขับเคล่ื�อนด้วยวัฒนธ์รรม" (culture-led regeneration) โดย มุ่งเน้นการรักษ์าว่ถู่ช้่ว่ต์ดั�งเด่มของชุ้มช้นแล่ะส่งเสร่มความรู้ส่ก ร่วมเป็นเจ้าของในหมู่สมาช้่กในชุ้มช้น การเปล่่�ยนแปล่งของชุ้มช้นร่มนํ�าจันทบูร ซึ่่�งรวมถู่งการบูรณะ โรงแรมประวัต์่ศาสต์ร์บ้านหล่วงราช้ไมต์ร่ แสดงให้เห็นถู่ง ศักยภาพัในการผู้สานความม่ช้่ว่ต์ช้่วาทางเศรษ์ฐก่จเข้ากับการ อนุรักษ์์วัฒนธ์รรม การจัดต์ั�งบร่ษ์ัทจันทบูรรักด่ จํากัด ในรูปแบบ ก่จการเพัื�อสังคม เป็นกล่ไกสําคัญท่�ช้่วยให้โครงการสามารถู ระดมทุนแล่ะดําเน่นก่จกรรมโดยม่ชุ้มช้นเป็นศูนย์กล่างอย่าง แท้จร่ง การผู้สมผู้สานอย่างสร้างสรรค์ระหว่างผูู้้ประกอบการเพัื�อสังคม กับการม่ส่วนร่วมของชุ้มช้น ทําให้สามารถูสร้างสมดุล่ระหว่าง ความทันสมัยแล่ะประเพัณ่ท้องถู่�นได้อย่างยั�งยืน การได้รับรางวัล่ อนุรักษ์์มรดกวัฒนธ์รรมระดับภูม่ภาคเอเช้่ย-แปซึ่่ฟ้่กจากองค์การ ยูเนสโก เป็นการยืนยันถู่งคุณค่าระดับนานาช้าต์่ของ “โมเดล่จัน ทบูร” ซึ่่�งถูือเป็นแนวทางท่�สามารถูขยายผู้ล่แล่ะปรับใช้้ได้ใน หล่ากหล่ายบร่บททางเศรษ์ฐก่จแล่ะสังคมทั�วโล่ก (Automated translation) 52 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.2: Scenery of the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community with the pagoda of Wat Bot Muang (วัดโบสถู์เมือง) in the background (© Fraunhofer IMW). Introduction The revitalisation of the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community stands as an innovative model of heritage conservation and sustainable development. The project began with the aim of rejuvenating the old commercial area, receiving substantial support from the Chanthaburi Provincial Commerce Office and significant contributions from the Arsom Silp Institute. This collaboration led to the establishment of a social enterprise model, centred around the adaptive reuse of the former residence of the Thai aristocrat Luang Rajamaitri into a historic inn in 2014, setting a precedent for communitydriven business models. The restoration of the Baan Luang Rajamaitri historic inn, under the management of the social enterprise Chanthaboon Rakdee Company, won the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Award for Cultural Heritage Conservation in 2015. This initiative has ignited a passion for heritage preservation in the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community while focusing on balancing the benefits of tourism with sustaining the community's cultural identity and lifestyle. Chanthaboon Waterfront Community Chanthaboon Waterfront Community, a 1-kilometer-long street with over 300 years of history, nestled along the banks of the Chanthaburi River in Thailand, is a vibrant mosaic of cultural heritage, religion, and traditional livelihoods. Evident in its houses, shrines, and temples, the architectural style of the community represents a mix of Eastern 53 ACTIVITY REPORT View from the balcony of the Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn (© Fraunhofer IMW). and Western designs. This historical area, enriched with cultural heritage blending Thai, Chinese, and Vietnamese influences, was once a thriving hub of commerce and important centre for trading of gems, rubber, and herbs. However, over the years, the community encountered numerous challenges that led to a gradual erosion of its vibrancy and economic vitality. These included natural disasters such as frequent flooding and a devastating fire in 1990, which caused considerable destruction to the area's historic architecture and residential spaces (Srisankaew, 2017; UNESCO 2020). In 2009, efforts to rejuvenate this once vibrant trading hub began with support from the Chanthaburi Provincial Commercial Office and students from the Arsom Silp Institute of Arts, marking a new chapter in the community’s history. The Chanthaboon Waterfront Community decided to take a unique approach to its own development. Rather than becoming a street-food market, the community placed greater emphasis on preserving and celebrating its historical heritage under the vision “culture-led regeneration”. It emphasised maintaining an authentic local lifestyle and fostering a sense of ownership and collective responsibility among residents, while reducing reliance on tourism as the sole driver of community well-being. The community aimed to transform into a living museum that would impart valuable knowledge to future generations (Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn, 2015). This model illustrates how participatory approaches can secure not only the material preservation of heritage but also empower local communities”. 54 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 The process of revitalisation led to the formation of the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community Development Committee, spearheaded by local volunteers who were deeply invested in the preservation and enhancement of their cultural heritage. The committee together with students from Arsom Silp Institute started research within the community, gaining an in-depth understanding of the area's historical context, and identifying key cultural and architectural elements worth preserving. Various activities were undertaken focusing on raising awareness and community engagement to instill a sense of pride and self-worth among the community members. The committee organised community events, among which were the Big Cleaning Day as well as a community name and logo competition. Efforts were also made to narrate the community's story through exhibitions, brochures, and media (Sukmanee, 2015). "By combining social entrepreneurship with community engagement, the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community has achieved a balance between tradition and modernity. Flexible funding structures, openness to external involvement, and a long-term focus on social and economic sustainability were key to its success”. A significant milestone was the opening of the House No. 69 as a "House of Learning" in 2010, with the support of the homeowner who donated the space to the community. The house was then renovated to be a community learning centre that serves as a venue for discussing and coordinating community development work, as well as displaying stories, information, and photographs contributed by community members. However, this initiative faced limitations, as it did not generate direct profit, requiring funding from outside organisations for its renovation and exhibition development, not significantly broadening the community's conservation efforts. Recognizing these limitations, the community, informed by experiences and the Arsom Silp Institute's knowledge, sought to overcome these challenges. They aimed to enhance conservation efforts within the community by merging business operations with community development strategies. The collaborative effort between the community and Arsom Silp Institute led to the creation of Chanthaboon Rakdee Co., Ltd as a social enterprise in 2013, aiming to renovate the old traditional house into a Historical Inn, embodying the concept of “preservation with care” (Srisakulchairak, 2023). Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn Luang Rajamaitri, known as the “Father of Eastern Rubber Trees”, was a prominent figure whose contributions shaped the economic and social landscape of Chanthaburi. His residence, over 150 years old in Chino-Portuguese style, stands as a testament to his legacy and the architectural heritage of the area. The preservation project involved a unique rental agreement with the heir of Luang Rajamaitri, offering a 30-year lease for a nominal fee of 1 Baht per month. The enterprise was established with two key agreements: firstly, a portion of the profits (10%) would be reinvested into the community, and secondly, at least one community representative would sit on the company's executive board to ensure community involvement in critical decisions (Chatmalai, 2022; Srisakulchairak, 2023). The funding initiative for renovation welcomed over 500 shareholders, including locals, and interested individuals, raising a total of 8.8 million Baht with shares priced 1000 Baht each. Feasibility study suggested that the project could yield returns within 10 years, with dividends. being distributed to shareholders from the first year. Profits were planned to be shared among shareholders, reinvested into the business, and used to support cultural activities in the community. This initiative aimed to cultivate a sense of ownership and care among community members and stakeholders, with shareholders 55 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Opposite page: Bangkok, Thailand (photo credit: Katharina M. Borgmann). viewing their investments as contributions rather than seeking immediate financial gains. The goal was to balance income generation through tourism with the preservation of the community's historical and cultural essence (Chatmalai, 2022; Srisakulchairak, 2023). Opened in October 2014, the historic residence, now a blend of traditional structure and modern interior, serves not just as accommodation but as a cultural conservation site. It offers a limited number of rooms to avoid overcrowding and preserve its historical essence. Each room in the residence is themed around significant stories related to Luang Rajamaitri and the community's history, creating a unique experience for guests. The Historic Inn also operates as a semi-museum, offering exhibits alongside accommodation. The museum, set up on the first floor, is not aimed at profit but at preserving community heritage and knowledge. The Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn boosted the local economy by promoting small community businesses, opting to buy daily meals from local shops instead of preparing food in-house. The hotel served as a gateway for guests to engage with and invest in the local community, as evidenced by the popularity of local eateries and stores among its guests. The influx of tourists has brought economic benefits, and the community's active involvement in the decision-making process has ensured that development aligns with their needs and aspirations (Chatmalai, 2022; Srisakulchairak, 2023). "The «Chanthaboon Model» demonstrates how participatory funding and community-based social enterprises can contribute to the sustainable development of cultural heritage. Conclusion The "Chanthaboon Model" demonstrates how participatory funding and community-based social enterprises can contribute to the sustainable development of cultural heritage. The restoration of the Baan Luang Rajamaitri Historic Inn and the establishment of Chanthaboon Rakdee Co. Ltd. show that cultural identity and economic vitality can mutually reinforce each other. The close collaboration between local communities, educational institutions, and external supporters provides a blueprint for similar initiatives worldwide, highlighting the importance of partnerships in heritage preservation. By combining social entrepreneurship with community engagement, the Chanthaboon Waterfront Community has achieved a balance between tradition and modernity. Flexible funding structures, openness to external involvement, and a long-term focus on social and economic sustainability were key to its success. This model illustrates how participatory approaches can secure not only the material preservation of heritage but also empower local communities and raise awareness of cultural value. International recognition through the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Award underscores the global relevance of the "Chanthaboon Model" and encourages replication. Projects like the Punyashthiti Villa demonstrate the scalability of the model and its adaptability to different socio-economic contexts. Ultimately, the "Chanthaboon Model" serves as a benchmark for inclusive and sustainable development strategies that preserve cultural heritage while promoting the economic and social resilience of local communities. 56 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig.2: Comparison of two measured cross-sections by JICA (2010) in black color and geomer (2022) in grey color. Results & Discussion Most of the cross-sectional profiles of JICA from the year 2000 match the newly measured profiles, but some of them differ significantly. The evaluation is made considerably more difficult by the lack of height information of both data sets. The JICA profiles do not contain any absolute height information, nor do the newly measured profiles. As the sonar device does not store any absolute height information, only relative height comparisons to the prevailing water surface are possible. The mobile GPS data taken proved to be not accurate enough. This could be optimised by using real differential GPS equipment. This means that there is no accurate vertical comparability, and mainly the structure and basic shape of the water bed can be compared. In some cross-sections, despite the lack of absolute elevation information, it can be seen that the river depth appears to differ by several meters and/or the shape of the bottom differs significantly, for example due to the presence of hills in the newer cross-sections, but mostly due to existing depressions or significantly lower depths. At this point, however, it should also be mentioned that the cross-sections within the river can change considerably if the location changes by several tens of meters. One explanation can be sand theft, well-known in the region, where in some places tons of sand are illegally removed. However, depending on the gradient, erosion and sedimentation processes occur that also naturally influence the riverbed. The recording of the data was also made more difficult by the limited maneuverability of the boat, which meant that it was only possible to record marginal areas on the banks to a limited extent, as a minimum tidal flat depth was required to navigate the boat. A higher water level in the rivers would have been helpful here, however for Bo River the navigability of individual bridges was already critical at the prevailing water level, as the boat could only pass under some bridges with the intervention of the captain and passengers. Nevertheless, the activity was successful, and most of the cross-sections were successfully verified and incorporated into the hydraulic model. 64 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Book Preview: Navigating Urban Development – Learnings from East and Southeast Asia (SURE F&SR). SURE F&SR Book Preview: Navigating Urban Development – Learnings from East and Southeast Asia I n a time when urban regions across the globe face intensifying pressures—from an escalating climate crisis to growing inequality—the need for transformative, impactoriented approaches is more urgent than ever. The question is no longer whether cities and their regions must change, but how they can do so effectively and impactfully to really achieve the necessary change. Recognising this, the SURE Facilitation & Synthesis Research (F&SR) team brings together insights, experiences, and reflections from across the SURE funding priority in the upcoming book: Navigating Urban Development – Learnings from East and Southeast Asia, to be published by DOM publishers in autumn 2025. The book has been conceptualised as a transfer instrument, intended to share learnings across contexts and provide practical orientation for those working toward sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban transformation. Drawing from ten SURE research projects—each rooted in diverse urban conditions and challenges— the volume showcases how a wide range of actors are co-creating solutions for more inclusive and resilient urban futures. At the heart of the book is the complex question: How can we understand, track, and strengthen the impact of sustainable urban research projects in complex, rapidly changing environments? This guiding question led the F&SR team to design REframe, an innovative, impact-oriented monitoring framework that underpins the book. Built on two core components—References, which refer to the long-term goals or intended impacts of a project, and Reflection, which refers to the ongoing process of learning, adaptation, and realignment as conditions evolve, the framework is designed to support a deeper understanding of how change occurs in complex urban systems, moving beyond traditional input-output models. Navigating Urban Development is designed to support ongoing exchange and mutual learning—within the SURE context and beyond. By offering both conceptual grounding and practical tools, the book seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on how impact in urban sustainability transitions can be better understood and supported over time. The development of the book has been a collaborative effort involving close engagement with the individual SURE projects. Their contributions, ranging from case studies to interviews and reflections, form the empirical foundation of the volume. The F&SR team would like to warmly thank all project teams and partners for their valuable input and cooperation throughout the process, as well as the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space for funding the book. Vivienne Mayer, Anika Slawski & Frank Schwartze 65 SNAPSHOT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Participants of the 1st Regional Networking Forum (photo credit: HUIS Media Team). FloodAdaptVN Joining Hands for Resilience: Options for Inter-provincial Cooperation and Mutual Learning in Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction in Central Vietnam Ulrike Schinkel, Simon Spath, Nguyen Hoang Khanh Linh & Felix Bachofer ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Thừa Thiên Huế Province, Central Vietnam The FloodAdaptVN project is dedicated to promoting forward-looking, risk-informed planning and flood risk management in the Thừa Thiên Huế province and Central Vietnam. The primary goal of the project is to strengthen cooperation among stakeholders in these domains, both within the province and with counterparts in neighbouring provinces. Serving as an initial networking event extending beyond provincial borders, the 1st Regional Networking Forum on Climate Change Adaptation, Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction took place in April 2023. The forum aimed to facilitate the exchange of experiences of past flooding events and to explore potential collaborative initiatives for the future. The activity report provides a comprehensive overview of the key outcomes of the discussion and an outlook on potential interprovincial collaborations for climate change adaptation, flood and disaster risk reduction. Deutsch Das Projekt FloodAdaptVN widmet sich der Förderung einer vorausschauenden, risikobewussten Planung und eines Hochwasserrisikomanagements in der Provinz Thừa Thiên Huế und in Zentralvietnam. Ein vorrangiges Ziel des Projekts ist die Stärkung der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Akteuren in diesen Bereichen, sowohl innerhalb der Provinz als auch mit den Partnern in den benachbarten Provinzen. Als erste Netzwerkveranstaltung über die Provinzgrenzen hinaus fand im April 2023 das 1. Regionale Netzwerkforum zu Klimawandeilanpassung, Hochwasserund Katastrophenvorsorge statt. Ziel des Forums war es, den Erfahrungsaustausch über vergangene Hochwasserereignisse zu erleichtern und mögliche Kooperationsinitiativen für die Zukunft zu erkunden. Der Tätigkeitsbericht bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Diskussion und einen Ausblick auf mögliche interprovinzielle Kooperationen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel sowie zur Hochwasserund Katastrophenvorsorge. 67 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig. 1: Presentation of the representative of Thừa Thiên Huế Province (Photo credit: HUIS Media Team) Fig.1. Presentation of the representative of Thừa Thiên Huế Province (Photo credit: HUIS Media Team). Tiếng Việt Dự án FloodAdaptVN được thực hiện để thúc đẩy việc lập kế hoạch hướng tới tương lai, lường trước rủi ro và quản lý rủi ro lũ lụt ở tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế và miền Trung Việt Nam. Mục tiêu chính của dự án là tăng cường hợp tác giữa các bên liên quan trong các lĩnh vực này, cả trong tỉnh và với các đối tác ở các tỉnh lân cận. Với vai trò là sự kiện kết nối ban đầu vượt ra ngoài ranh giới tỉnh, Diễn đàn kết nối khu vực lần thứ nhất về thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu, giảm thiểu rủi ro lũ lụt và thiên tai đã diễn ra vào tháng 4 năm 2023. Diễn đàn nhằm tạo điều kiện trao đổi kinh nghiệm về các sự kiện lũ lụt trong quá khứ và khám phá tiềm năng hợp tác sáng kiến cho tương lai. Báo cáo hoạt động cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan toàn diện về các kết quả chính của cuộc thảo luận và triển vọng về khả năng hợp tác liên tỉnh nhằm thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu, giảm nhẹ rủi ro lũ lụt và thiên tai. (Automated translation) Introduction Central Vietnam is currently undergoing rapid urbanisation, particularly in small and mediumsized coastal cities. The rapidly growing settlements have to deal with flooding events as a result of increasing precipitation, which are exacerbated by changes in land use and growing soil sealing. These factors pose additional challenges for residents, their assets and income generating activities as well as for the environment, for businesses, for the building stock and for infrastructures. The research project “FloodAdaptVN – Integrating ecosystem-based approaches into flood risk management for adaptive and sustainable urban development in Central Viet Nam”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) as one of the projects under the funding priority “Sustainable Development of Urban Regions” (SURE), supports risk-informed urban planning and development. Furthermore, the project promotes the application of ecosystem-based adaptation measures as an approach for flood risk management. While FloodAdaptVN’s research activities focus on the Thừa Thiên Huế province and on the city of Huế, the outscaling of the results to other provinces and the fostering of inter-provincial cooperation related to flood and disaster risk management is one of the main objectives of the project. Therefore, in order to facilitate the exchange between the stakeholders from neighbouring provinces, two Regional Networking Forums are an integral part of the research and networking activities of the FloodAdaptVN project. This Activity Report outlines the methodology and the structure of the 1st Regional Networking Forum on Climate Change Adaptation, Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction. It summarises the results of the discussion and gives an outlook on future networking activities and potential interprovincial collaborations. 68 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig. 2: Presentation of the representative of Thừa Thiên Huế Province (Photo credit: HUIS Media Team). Methodology and Structure of the 1st Regional Networking Forum The 1st Regional Networking Forum on Climate Change Adaptation, Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction was held on April 25, 2023 with relevant stakeholders from Thừa Thiên Huế Province and the neighbouring provinces of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị and Đà Nẵng City. The event, organised at the International School of Huế University (HUIS), had two main objectives: firstly, to facilitate the exchange and sharing of experiences on past flood events and lessons learnt, and secondly, to identify topics for joint action and mutual learning in the region beyond current activities as well as for the future cooperation with research projects and institutions. The event was enriched by the active participation of a representative of the water management associations Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband and members of the FloodAdaptVN consortium. The event consisted of two parts. In the first part, the representatives of the various provinces spoke about their experiences from past flooding events and about their lessons learned (see Figure 1). The second part focused on the direct interaction of the participants and on the discussion about potential further interprovincial cooperation and exchange activities. The World Café method guided and supported the discussion. At three themed tables, the participants discussed which challenges and fields of action in relation to climate adaptation, flood and disaster risk reduction require direct cooperation between neighbouring provinces (see Figures 2). They also explored areas where stakeholders can learn from their peers in the other provinces and what contribution practical partners, universities and research institutions could make. The results of the World Café Tables were then presented in a plenary session. The event concluded with a joint excursion to current adaptation and flood protection projects in the Thừa Thiên Huế Province. 69 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 World Café Table 3 (Photo credit: IZES gGmbH). Results of the 1st Regional Networking Forum The 1st Regional Networking Forum on Climate Change Adaptation, Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction strengthened the ties between stakeholders of the different provinces. Discussions within the frameworks of the World Café session have generated clear ideas for further interprovincial and research activities. At the World Café Table 1, the brainstorming discussions focused on fields of activity that would benefit from direct cooperation among neighbouring provinces. Besides the increased interprovincial cooperation at the political level, the participants emphasised that, in particular, the joint management of interprovincial rivers, forests and ecosystems as well as the joint management of reservoirs could make a positive contribution to flood and disaster risk reduction in the region. Furthermore, the participants highlighted the need for the improvement of data sharing and warning dissemination and for the establishment of a consultation system involving experts, consultants and municipalities in planning and management processes. World Café Table 2 aimed to identify topics for exchange between the provinces and for mutual learning. The participants expressed interest in intensified exchanges related to successful strategies and approaches for flood prevention and management, for information transmission, for urban and infrastructure development including the adaptation of the drainage system as well as for the operation of reservoirs and for the management of river basins. World Café Table 3 focussed on potential contributions of practitioners, universities and think tanks to climate change adaptation, flood and disaster risk management in the provinces. In the course of the discussion, three key topics were identified, namely the development of a standard set of data which can be used as a basis for planning by all departments and authorities, the improvement of communication on flood and disaster risk management through the expansion of the network and in particular, capacity building for authorities of all levels and for students as a part of their university education. The results of the discussions will be taken up in the further course of the FloodAdaptVN project in order to support their implementation. The participants will be involved in further exchange formats in order to ensure and intensify the continuation of activities. Discussions within the frameworks of the World Café session have generated clear ideas for further interprovincial and research activities.” 70 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Impressions from the excursion (Photo credit: IZES gGmbH). Conclusion The 1st Regional Networking Forum on Climate Change Adaptation, Flood and Disaster Risk Reduction facilitated informal discussions among stakeholders responsible for flood and disaster risk management in the provinces Thừa Thiên Huế, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị and in Đà Nẵng City. The forum allowed them to share personal experiences related to past flooding events. In the discussions, numerous topics for future direct interprovincial cooperation, for the mutual exchange of experiences and for the involvement of research and practice partners in activities for flood and disaster risk reduction were identified. The Regional Networking Forum has thus achieved its goal and supported the joining of hands for resilience in Central Vietnam. The results will be taken up for further work by the FloodAdaptVN project in several ways. Firstly, the results and outcomes of the research project will be structured in such a way that they can be used in other provinces in Central Vietnam. Secondly, the exchange between stakeholders on themes related to flood and disaster risk reduction will continue in further workshop formats, including the 2nd Regional Networking Forum in early 2025. Thirdly, the project will offer capacity development activities and further training courses for authorities, practitioners and students. 71 ACTIVITY REPORT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Showcase of the SURE atlas digital interface (photo credit: SURE F&SR). SURE F&SR The SURE atlas: A Synthesis Research Instrument T he SURE Solutions Magazine, focused on the transfer of strategies and solutions for the sustainable development of urban regions, and under the overarching umbrella of the BMFTR´s SURE Funding Priority, the SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research (F&SR) Project has been carried out with the goal of consolidating a conceptual framework for conducting synthesis research. This initiative supports the integration of knowledge and the development of solutions aimed at promoting sustainable and resilient urban and rural development in Southeast Asia and China, through the implementation of its ten collaborative projects. The F&SR project emphasises a transdisciplinary synthesis of findings from the SURE collaborative efforts, identifying knowledge gaps, and advancing methods for knowledge generation and management, to facilitate the implementation of sustainable solutions. Its core mission is to advance transdisciplinary knowledge integration, sustainability science, and urban research. To achieve this, the F&SR has adopted a multi-method strategy that blends empirical research with artificial intelligence to analyse both qualitative and quantitative data. The result of this effort has been the conceptualisation and development of the SURE atlas, a digital instrument designed to organise synthesised data into comprehensible formats, enabling deeper cross-sectoral analysis to facilitate applications of sustainable-development measures via the SURE projects. The SURE atlas functions as a web-based, digital platform comprised of a collection of interactive tools. Its core components are: The Cross-Project Analysis tool, which offers a dashboard overview of key performance indicators and achievements across individual projects; the Reflection Toolbox, which helps active stakeholders navigate and reflect on their pathways toward sustainability; and the Stakeholder Ecosystem, a dynamic visualisation of actors and areas of expertise within the broader SURE network. In addition to these primary tools, the atlas also features a range of supplementary resources, including localised 72 SNAPSHOT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Showcase of the SURE atlas digital interface (photo credit: SURE F&SR). mappings of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thematic info-radars, and deepdive consultations that span over multiple focus areas. It also highlights innovative solutions developed within the SURE framework and provides key information about the overarching goals and structure of the umbrella SURE project. The purpose of the SURE atlas is to synthesise and streamline the understanding of vast amounts of information, based on the contribution of updatable data, provided by the 10 participating SURE projects and processed by the F&SR team, through background analytic processes. It allows its users to have a deeper dive into the SURE projects, from diverse perspectives, thus enabling ease of access to information, adjustable to the different types of stakeholders and their levels of expertise. Through higher interaction, the atlas is capable of transgressing silos among all involved disciplines, from science, to practice, to decision-making policies. The F&SR team envisions the SURE atlas as a lasting instrument that continues to generate impact beyond the project’s lifetime. Rather than serving solely as a showcase for individual projects, the atlas is designed to highlight the interconnected nature of the SURE network, emphasising the collective efforts and synergies among the participating initiatives. By enabling users to explore projects not individually but as part of a larger, integrated framework, the tool gains greater significance and relevance. Its long-term value lies in its potential to support ongoing knowledgeexchange, management, and collaboration well beyond the formal end of the funding period. By the end of 2025, the SURE atlas will consolidate an important knowledge-transfer milestone, once a first version of the tool will be made available for the members of the SURE projects. It aims to pioneer a novel research approach to synthesising knowledge in the field of urban sustainability, translated into an operational and customisable knowledge platform designed to support integration and collaboration across the SURE initiative and with the potential to go beyond, on to further contexts on their way to sustainable development. Maria Moleiro Dale & Katharina M. Borgmann 73 SNAPSHOT SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 1. Importance of Active and Unbiased Listening In a general sense, but especially in transnational, transdisciplinary contexts in which the SURE projects operate, it is important to acknowledge each other’s different positionality, practice active listening, and leave personal biases behind. In particular, it is important to ensure sufficient space so that local concerns and knowledge can be communicated continuously and repeatedly throughout the project. Ideally, there should be sufficient time and appropriate methods to comprehend each other’s perspective and establish trust. Intercultural skills are crucial for good research results, and projects with a long-term trustful relationship with their local partners report that in their case the interdisciplinary challenges outweigh the intercultural ones. 2. Creating a Common Language Closely tied to the first point of active listening is the need to develop a common language. The experience shows that especially stakeholders from different disciplines and areas of work (science / practice) tend to understand terms and methods differently, and that a dialogue about each other’s assumptions is important. This applies to both the project team and to communication with external stakeholders. 3. Harvesting the Value of Informal Reflection A lot of reflection takes place in informal, smallgroup meetings, which are often self-organised, such as socialising outside working hours. In these informal settings, people report that they share more openly, honestly and directly than in meetings with the entire team or in virtual formats. However, this approach presents challenges as not all team members may be present, and the learnings may not be captured. Although informal discussions can influence the attitudes and actions of those involved, the potential of these informal discussions is often overlooked. Formalising these discussions, anchoring them in the project's course, and sharing them at various levels can lead to greater benefits. 4. Creating a Safe Space To facilitate an honest and open reflection and assessment of a single activity or the overall project, team members must feel secure. Two levels should be considered: who participates in the reflection and where it takes place. Firstly, there is a difference between internal reflection within the team and external reflection where external stakeholders are involved. For the latter, project members report that a higher degree of formality is maintained as projects and their performance are often presented in best light possible. Internal reflection usually bears the chance to achieve a higher degree of openness, but this also depends on team dynamics, familiarity, and everyone’s willingness to cooperate. In general, creating a safe space is easier with flat hierarchies and a long-term relationship that has allowed trust to be built. Secondly, the location of the meeting is also important as it determines who can listen to the meeting. In an open or public space, reflections tend to be less critical because it is not clear who is listening to the conversation, whereas a private space naturally creates more security. 5. Encouraging a Solution-driven Mindset Although it is important to identify and address problems, it is beneficial to focus on solutions rather than dwelling on the problem. Additionally, highlighting what works well or what has already been achieved and making it visible and tangible, such as through exhibitions, can boost motivation. In order to address these and other challenges and to maximise learning from each other's experiences, the SURE F&SR team compiled the SURE Toolbox for Reflection. 80 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig. 4: The Galaxy of Tools provides an overview of the tools, organised according to the different stages of the project: planning, tracking, learning and collecting (Source: Authors, 2024). The SURE Toolbox for Reflection The SURE Toolbox for Reflection is an invitation and guide to reflection, designed to initiate and foster a reflective research practice. It comprises 19 different tools that address diverse challenges and can be employed depending on the project's state and the capacity of participants in terms of time and resources (see overview Fig. 4). The toolbox (see article cover photo) is organised according to different stages of the project: - Planning the Future: Tools for envisioning and strategising project goals - Tracking Progress: Tools for monitoring and assessing development throughout the project - Learning from Each Other: Tools for fostering knowledge sharing and collaboration - Collecting Data: Tools for gathering insights and harvesting outcomes, especially toward the end of the project Each tool within the toolbox is then carefully described, providing a concise overview, guidance on when and how to apply it, estimated time requirements, recommended team size, and difficulty level. 81 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig. 5: Decision pathways to identify the most suitable tool quickly (Source: Authors, 2024). 82 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 83 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Moreover, if a team or project member faces a specific issue or wants to reflect on one of the intended references from the reference picture, the pathways (Fig. 5) can help guide them toward the appropriate tool in a playful way. While there's plenty of room to play with the pathways, here are some examples that show how the toolbox can be applied to address challenges raised by SURE projects: - Creating a common language: The Historical Scan tool can be used to reflect on past achievements and build a shared understanding among team members, helping to develop a consistent terminology for future work. - Harvesting the value of informal reflections: The Reflective Journal is recommended to document insights from informal discussions and encourage critical, analytical thinking. It is usually written by an individual after an informal conversation. To expand these reflections and gather different perspectives, teams can prepare a Performance or Outcome Journal together. - The Performance Journal is ideal for internal reflections, such as improving communication strategies or refining internal project processes. - The Outcome Journal focuses on external reflections, recording changes in stakeholder behaviour or project circumstances and exploring the reasons behind them. - Creating a safe space for reflection: The Action Learning tool is useful for discussing challenges— whether they are personal or project-related—within a small group, where members can share issues and explore possible solutions. - Fostering a solution-driven mindset: Emphasising team strengths is important for motivation. The Most Significant Change tool collects and systematically reviews stories from individual team members, helping to highlight what is working well and inspire further success. The toolbox can be applied to address challenges raised by SURE projects: creating a common language, harvesting the value of informal reflections, creating a safe space for reflection and fostering a solution-driven mindset.” Since reflection is a highly personal and dynamic process and observing progress in transdisciplinary, transnational research can be complex, users are encouraged to combine tools or adapt them to fit their local context, available time, and resources. While the physical prototype of the SURE Toolbox (article cover photo) is just the beginning, the full details of the tools will soon be available in an open access book to be published in 2025. 84 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Southeast Asia, China and Germany Key Takeaways The presented Toolbox offers a practical guide to reflection, enabling teams to easily embed reflection into their project work with tools that meet their needs at different stages of the project: from envisioning and strategising project goals, to tracking progress, promoting knowledge sharing and collaboration, to tools for gathering insights and capturing outcomes, especially towards the end of the project. These tools are not only practical but also adaptable, allowing teams to reflect at individual, team, and stakeholder level, ensuring that critical insights are captured, shared, and acted upon. The reflection tools, combined with the references, bring the framework for impact-oriented monitoring to life. This framework offers an alternative to traditional monitoring systems by focusing on real changes in people’s lives, communities, and the environment over the course of the project. By emphasising continuous reflection, it facilitates deeper engagement, uncovers fresh insights, and opens new pathways for urban transformation. Ultimately, the framework aims at long-lasting, transformative change, equipping teams to navigate the complexities of urban regions with greater agility and awareness. Through reflective practices and structured monitoring, it empowers transformative urban research to achieve meaningful, sustainable impacts in complex, ever-evolving settings. 85 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Background photo: Vietnam (photo credit: DLR). FRAME online platform landing page (Retrieved from framefavn.org). FloodAdaptVN Flood Risk Information System for Adaptation Measures and Evaluation in Central Vietnam – (FRAME) – GeoNode Facilitation Michael Schultz, Christian Bick, Felix Bachofer, Andreas Braun & Volker Hochschild 86 RESEARCH PAPER The Flood Risk Information System for Adaptation Measures and Evaluation (FRAME) is an online tool developed for Thừa Thiên Huế province in Central Vietnam, aimed at helping local decision-makers plan for floods more effectively. It's part of the Integrating Ecosystem-based Approaches into Flood Risk Management for Adaptive and Sustainable Urban Development in Central Viet Nam (FloodAdaptVN) project, designed to address the growing challenges of climate change and flooding. FRAME provides easy access to data on land use, urban assets, and flood scenarios, including the costs of different adaptation measures. The tool evaluates measures for reducing and adapting to flood risk, emphasising their effectiveness in impact mitigation, costefficiency, and sustainability, and serves as decision support tool. It uses GeoNode technology, making it easy to deploy and customise for other regions if needed. This paper explains how FRAME works, its key features, and its potential benefits for flood risk management. This is the first of a series of publications revolving around the functionalities of FRAME and focus here is set on technical necessities and orchestration aspects within GeoNode, to support the requirements defined within FloodAdaptVN. Deutsch Das Hochwasserrisikokennzeichnungssystem für Anpassungsmaßnahmen und Bewertung (FRAME) ist ein Online-Tool, das für die Provinz Thừa Thiên Huế in Zentralvietnam entwickelt wurde, um lokale Entscheidungsträger bei der effektiveren Planung von Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen zu unterstützen. Es ist Teil des Projekts „Integration ökosystembasierter Ansätze in das Hochwasserrisikomanagement für eine adaptive und nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung in Zentralvietnam (FloodAdaptVN)“, dass sich mit den wachsenden Herausforderungen des Klimawandels und der Hochwassergefahr befasst. FRAME bietet einfachen Zugang zu Daten über Landnutzung, städtische Vermögenswerte und Hochwasserszenarien, einschließlich der Kosten verschiedener Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Das Tool bewertet Maßnahmen zur Verringerung und Anpassung an Hochwasserrisiken unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Wirksamkeit bei der Schadensminderung, ihrer Kosteneffizienz und ihrer Nachhaltigkeit und dient als Entscheidungshilfe. Es nutzt die GeoNode-Technologie, wodurch es bei Bedarf leicht in anderen Regionen eingesetzt und angepasst werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden die Funktionsweise von FRAME, seine wichtigsten Merkmale und seine potenziellen Vorteile für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement erläutert. Dies war die erste einer Reihe von Veröffentlichungen zu den Funktionen von FRAME, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den technischen Anforderungen und den Koordinationsaspekten innerhalb von GeoNode lag, um die im Rahmen von FloodAdaptVN definierten Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Tiếng Việt Hệ thống Thông tin Nguy cơ Lũ lụt cho các Biện pháp Thích ứng và Đánh giá (FRAME) là một công cụ trực tuyến được phát triển cho tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế ở miền Trung Việt Nam, nhằm mục đích giúp các nhà quyết định địa phương lên kế hoạch đối phó với lũ lụt một cách hiệu quả hơn. Đây là một phần của dự án Tích hợp Các Phương pháp Tiếp cận Dựa trên Hệ sinh thái vào Quản lý Rủi ro Lũ lụt cho Sự phát triển Đô thị Thích ứng và Bền vững ở miền Trung Việt Nam (FloodAdaptVN), được thiết kế để giải quyết những thách thức ngày càng tăng của biến đổi khí hậu và lũ lụt. FRAME cung cấp quyền truy cập dễ dàng vào dữ liệu về sử dụng đất, tài sản đô thị và các kịch bản lũ lụt, bao gồm cả chi phí của các biện pháp thích ứng khác nhau. Công cụ này đánh giá các biện pháp giảm thiểu và thích ứng với rủi ro lũ lụt, nhấn mạnh vào hiệu quả của chúng trong việc giảm thiểu tác động, hiệu quả chi phí và tính bền vững, và phục vụ như một công cụ hỗ trợ quyết định. Nó sử dụng công nghệ GeoNode, làm cho việc triển khai và tùy chỉnh cho các khu vực khác nếu cần trở nên dễ dàng. Bài báo này giải thích cách FRAME hoạt động, các tính năng chính của nó và lợi ích tiềm năng của nó đối với quản lý rủi ro lũ lụt. Đây là bài đầu tiên trong một loạt các bài công bố xoay quanh các chức năng của FRAME và tập trung vào các nhu cầu kỹ thuật và khía cạnh điều phối trong GeoNode, để hỗ trợ các yêu cầu được định nghĩa trong FloodAdaptVN. (Automated translation) 87 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Fig. 1: Conceptual overview of FRAME. Introduction Flood Risk Information System for Adaptation Measures and Evaluation in Central Vietnam (FRAME) is an online tool designed for decisionmakers in Thừa Thiên Huế province to assist in climate-resilient planning against flood risks, potentially extendable to other areas. Developed within the Integrating Ecosystem-based Approaches into Flood Risk Management for Adaptive and Sustainable Urban Development in Central Viet Nam (FloodAdaptVN) project, it addresses the increased frequency and impact of disasters due to climate change. FRAME provides spatial insights on land use, urban assets, and environmental effects of flood scenarios, including cost estimations for adaptation strategies. It emphasises ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (EcoDRR) and adaptation (EbA) measures, offering a strategic approach to flood adaptation planning and integrating ecosystem services to mitigate vulnerabilities. The tool facilitates interdisciplinary assessments, targeting Vietnamese local administration in Thừa Thiên Huế for effective planning. It features a secure, webbased data infrastructure with access to data, maps, statistics, and visualisations for flood impact assessment. FRAME incorporates research insights, foundational maps, remote sensing data, and information on current and projected flood hazards, infrastructure, and land use. It empowers stakeholders by allowing system ownership, personal data integration, and customisation to meet specific needs. FRAME is based on GeoNode and can be deployed as Docker, enhancing its ease of transfer and adaptability for use by other organisations or regions. A Docker container is a all-in-one software package that includes the application, libraries, and dependencies needed to run it anywhere. Figure 1 provides a conceptual overview of the system and the different features it offers within the context of FloodAdaptVN. Within this paper we provide details on the technical workings of FRAME and highlight GeoNode context and features. 88 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Unlike proprietary GIS solutions (e.g., ESRI’s ArcGIS), open-source platforms like GeoNode offer transparency, cost-effectiveness, and communitydriven support. They provide flexibility for users with diverse technical backgrounds, enabling local agencies or NGOs to tailor the system to specific flood risk challenges without steep licensing costs. Implementation of FRAME using GeoNode GeoNode was chosen as a solution to facilitate FRAME. GeoNode orchestrates components interaction to provide a web-based comprehensive geospatial content management system. Django offers the web framework, facilitating rapid development and serving as the backbone for user interfaces and functions interaction logic. GeoServer handles spatial data, enabling map rendering and data downloading. GeoExplorer supports map composition and publishing. PostgreSQL/PostGIS stores and manages spatial data, while pycsw implements metadata catalogue services. Geospatial Python Libraries gsconfig and OWSLib, integrate GeoNode with GeoServer's configuration and OGC services (GeoSolutions, n.d). Django Pluggables extend GeoNode's functionality, jQuery enhances UI interactivity, and Bootstrap ensures consistent styling across browsers. Each component plays a crucial role in the GeoNode ecosystem, supporting data management, user interaction, and system functionality for flood management (Cristofori et al., 2015). Within the following subsections relevant aspects of FRAME and GeoNode are presented. Functionalities and Features GeoNode provides a wide range of functionalities for geospatial data management and analysis. Users can upload and download geospatial data in formats such as Shapefiles, GeoTIFFs, GeoJSON, Keyhole Markup Language (KML), or commaseparated values file (CSV). The platform includes built-in search capabilities based on keywords, categories, regions, and filters, while detailed metadata entry enables consistent cataloguing. Visualisation and editing are possible through an integrated map composer (GeoExplorer) or external GIS tools including QGIS and GeoTools. Data sharing among user groups or the public fosters collaboration, and OGC-compliant services plus a Django-based architecture allow for easy integration with external applications. Compared to commercial solutions such as ArcGIS Online, GeoNode’s open-source design emphasises cost-effectiveness, transparency, and adaptability. Organisations can tailor the software to specific project requirements without incurring high licensing fees, making it accessible to both technical specialists and non-expert stakeholders. The open and modular design also supports rapid updates through community-driven enhancements (GeoSolutions, 2024). Architecture and Design GeoNode relies on several key components that work together. GeoServer is a Java-based server for sharing and editing geospatial data through Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards including Web Map Service WMS, Web Feature Service WFS, Web Coverage Service WCS, and Web Map Tile Service WMTS. It integrates with OpenLayers for map rendering and GeoTools for spatial data handling. Django, a Python-based web framework, manages user authentication, data uploads, and interactions between GeoServer, metadata services such as pycsw or GeoNetwork, and the database. FRAME uses PostgreSQL with the PostGIS extension for efficient spatial storage and querying. Web frontends (OpenLayers or Leaflet) offer interactive map displays, layer controls, and data exploration. Integration with desktop GIS tools ensures interoperability. By using Docker, these components are containerised, simplifying installation and updates. The hosting environment, with open ports such as 80 and 443, ensures both internal and external accessibility. Let’s Encrypt can handle SSL certificates for secure traffic. The FRAME system can thus operate as a robust decision-support tool for flood risk management, combining technical flexibility with user-friendly access. The client side of GeoNode includes web browsers or applications that access GeoNode's functionalities 89 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 ဤလဲု�်င်န််�သည်် လဲှ�ဒေမြ�ာင််�နှိုင််ဒေသာ အသိ�ည်ာ�န််တိ���ုကွဲို �ံ��ို�ဒေ�� မြို့��� သုဒေတိသန်နှှင််� ဆိုုံ�မြ�တိ်ခံ�ကွဲ်ခံ�မြခံင််�အတိဲကွဲ် ဗျူ��ဟာာဒေမြ�ာကွဲ် လဲ�်�ညွှှန််�ုဒေ��မြခံင််�မြ�င််� ဒေ�ရှိည််တိည််တိံ�ဒေသာ သိ�ံံန်ယ်�ယ်ကွဲို တိို�တိကွဲ်ဒေစု�န်် �ည််�ဲယ်�ါသည််။ ဆိုကွဲ်လဲကွဲ်�ဲံ�မြို့�ိ��တိို�တိကွဲ်�ုနှှင််� အတိူ၊ SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Project သည်် မြို့�ိ�မြ�ဒေ�ရှိည််တိည််တိံ�ခံိုင််မြို့��ဒေ���ူဝါဒု��ာ�ကွဲို ကြသဇိုာလဲှ�်��ို��န််နှှင််� အစုု အ�ဲ��အသိုကွဲ်အဝန််�တိစု်ဒေလဲာာကွဲ် အသဲင််ကွဲူ�ဒေမြ�ာင််�ဒေ��လဲု�်ဒေဆိုာင််�ု ��ာ�ကွဲို �ံ��ို�ဒေ���န်် ဒေန်�ာခံ�ထာ��ါသည််။ (Automated translation) 中 文（ 简 体 ） 综合研究旨在对特定主题的知识现状进行系统梳理，并识别 其中的空白、局限与进一步研究的机会。在“SURE促进与综合 研究项目”背景下，本研究整合了学术文献以及SURE资助计 划内十个跨学科项目中提炼的概念、方法论和实证洞见。通过 跨项目整合，研究揭示了超越单一研究范畴的主题模式与关 联。 这项工作构建的“综合研究架构”为理解不同背景下的可持续 城市发展奠定了坚实基础。通过梳理现有知识并突出研究空 白，该架构不仅为未来的学术探索提供方向，也为循证政策的 制定提供支持。此外，该框架推动了跨学科的概念创新、理论 发展、方法改进及知识转化，促进了实践知识的整合。 本研究旨在推动可持续科学的发展，通过促进可迁移知识的 生成，为科研与决策提供战略指引。随着项目的持续推 进，“SURE促进与综合研究项目”有望对城市可持续政策产生 积极影响，并支持利益相关群体推动转型行动。 (Automated translation) Filipino Ang pananaliksik sa synthesis ay nagbibigay ng isang structured na pangkalahatang-ideya ng kasalukuyang estado ng kaalaman sa isang partikular na paksa at nagsisilbing tumukoy ng mga puwang, limitasyon, at pagkakataon para sa karagdagang pagsisiyasat. Sa konteksto ng SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Project, pinagsasama-sama ng gawaing ito ang mga konsepto, metodolohikal, at empirikal na mga insight na nakuha mula sa akademikong literatura at sampung transdisciplinary na proyekto sa loob ng SURE funding program. Sa pamamagitan ng cross-project integration, tinutukoy ng pananaliksik ang mga temang pattern at relasyon na lumalampas sa saklaw ng mga indibidwal na pag-aaral. Ang synthesis architecture na binuo para sa proyekto ay nag-aalok ng isang komprehensibong pundasyon para sa pag-unawa sa napapanatiling pag-unlad ng lunsod sa magkakaibang konteksto. Sa pamamagitan ng pagmamapa ng umiiral na kaalaman at pag-highlight ng mga walang bisa sa pananaliksik, ito ay nagpapaalam sa hinaharap na pagtatanong ng iskolar at sumusuporta sa disenyo ng patakarang batay sa ebidensya. Higit pa rito, ang balangkas ay nagtataguyod ng mga inobasyon—konseptwal, teoretikal, metodolohikal, at pagsasalin—na lumalampas sa mga hangganan ng disiplina at nag-aambag sa praktikal na pagsasama ng kaalaman. Ang gawaing ito ay naglalayong isulong ang larangan ng sustainability science sa pamamagitan ng pagpapagana ng paglilipat ng kaalaman sa paglikha at pagbibigay ng estratehikong gabay para sa pananaliksik at paggawa ng desisyon. Sa patuloy na pag-unlad, ang SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Project ay nakaposisyon upang maimpluwensyahan ang mga patakaran sa pagpapanatili ng lunsod at suportahan ang pagbabagong aksyon sa mga komunidad ng stakeholder. (Automated translation) Indonesia Penelitian sintesis memberikan gambaran terstruktur tentang keadaan pengetahuan terkini pada suatu topik tertentu dan berfungsi untuk mengidentifikasi celah, keterbatasan, serta peluang untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Dalam konteks Proyek Penelitian Sintesis dan Fasilitasi SURE, pekerjaan ini mengintegrasikan wawasan konseptual, metodologis, dan empiris yang diperoleh dari literatur akademik dan sepuluh proyek interdisipliner dalam program pendanaan SURE. Melalui integrasi lintas proyek, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pola tematik dan hubungan yang melampaui cakupan studi individu. Arsitektur sintesis yang dikembangkan untuk proyek ini menyediakan landasan komprehensif untuk memahami pengembangan perkotaan berkelanjutan dalam konteks yang beragam. Dengan memetakan pengetahuan yang ada dan menyoroti celah penelitian, arsitektur ini menginformasikan penyelidikan akademik di masa depan dan mendukung desain kebijakan berbasis bukti. Selain itu, kerangka kerja ini mendorong inovasi—konseptual, teoretis, metodologis, dan translasional—yang melampaui batas disiplin ilmu 96 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 dan berkontribusi pada integrasi pengetahuan praktis. Karya ini bertujuan untuk memajukan bidang ilmu keberlanjutan dengan memfasilitasi penciptaan pengetahuan yang dapat diterapkan dan memberikan panduan strategis untuk penelitian dan pengambilan keputusan. Dengan pengembangan berkelanjutan, Proyek Penelitian Fasilitasi dan Sintesis SURE berpotensi mempengaruhi kebijakan keberlanjutan perkotaan dan mendukung tindakan transformatif di kalangan komunitas pemangku kepentingan. (Automated translation) ខ្មែ�ែរ កាារស្រ្តសាាវស្រ្តជាាវ��ដោ�ាគ�តល់�ូវទីិ�ាភាាពីទីូដោ�ានៃ�រចីនាំា�មព័�ធនៃ�ចី�ដោណ្ឌ��ឹង �ចីំ��ប�ុដោល�ស្រ្ត�ធាា��ទីខ្មែ�លបាា��តល់ឱ្យយ �ិង�ដោស្រ្តម�ដោ��មបីក�ណ្ឌត្ត់ ចីដោនាំះា�ស្រ្ត�ដោហាាង ខ្មែ��ក�ណ្ឌត្ត់ �ិងឱ្យកាា��ស្រ្តមាា�់កាារដោ�ុ��អដោងើត្ត�ខ្មែ�ថម។ ដោ�ាកុ�ង�រិ�ទីនៃ�គដោស្រ្តមាាង SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research កាារង្ហាារដោ��រួម�ញ្ចាំំូលគ្នាុា�ូវកាារយុល់�ឹងអ�ពីីគ��ិត្ត វិ�ីសាាស្រ្ត�ត �ិងជាាក់ខ្មែ�តងខ្មែ�ល�កដោចីញពីីអកសរ�ិលប៍�ិកា �ិងគដោស្រ្តមាាង transdisciplinary ទាំា�ង��់ដោ�ាកុ�ងកមែវិ�ីមូល�ិ�ិ SURE ។ តាាមរយុៈ កាាររួម�ញ្ចាំំូលគដោស្រ្តមាាងឆ្លុះះងកាាត្ត់ កាារស្រ្តសាាវស្រ្តជាាវក�ណ្ឌត្ត់ល�នាំា�តាាមស្រ្ត�ធាា��ទី �ិងទី�នាំាក់ទី��ងខ្មែ�លលាាត្ត��ធឹងហូួ�ពីីវិសាាលភាាពីនៃ�កាារ�ិកា�ុគគល។ សាថា�ត្តយកមែ��ដោ�ាគខ្មែ�លស្រ្តត្តូវបាា��ដោងើ�ត្តដោ��ង�ស្រ្តមាា�់គដោស្រ្តមាាង�តល់�ូវ មូល�ាា�ស្រ្តគឹ��៏ទីូល�ទីូលាាយុ�ស្រ្តមាា�់កាារយុល់�ឹងអ�ពីីកាារអភិិវឌ្ឍឍ�៍ទីីស្រ្តកុង ស្រ្ត�ក�ដោ�ាយុ�ិរ�តរភាាពីដោ�ាកុ�ង�រិ�ទីចីស្រ្តមុ�។ តាាមរយុៈកាារគូ�ខ្មែ��ទីី ចី�ដោណ្ឌ��ឹងខ្មែ�លមាា�ស្រ្តសាា�់ �ិងកាាររំដោលចី�ូវចីដោនាំះា�ស្រ្ត�ដោហាាងនៃ�កាារស្រ្តសាាវស្រ្តជាាវ វាាជូ���ណ្ឌឹង�ល់កាារដោ�ុ��អដោងើត្តរ��់អុក�ិកានាំាដោពីលអនាំាគត្ត �ិងគ្នាា�ស្រ្តទី កាាររចីនាំាដោគ្នាាល�ដោ�ាបាាយុខ្មែ�អកដោល�ភិ�ត�តាាង។ ជាាងដោ��ដោ�ាដោទីៀត្ត ស្រ្តក��ណ្ឌឌ ជ�រុញកាារនៃចីុស្រ្ត�ឌ្ឍិត្ត-គ��ិត្ត ស្រ្តទីឹ�ៅី វិ�ីសាាស្រ្ត�ត �ិងកាារ�កខ្មែស្រ្ត�- ខ្មែ�លឆ្លុះះងកាាត្ត់ ស្រ្តពី�ខ្មែ��វិ�័យុ �ិងរួមចី�ខ្មែណ្ឌក�ល់កាាររួម�ញ្ចាំំូលចី�ដោណ្ឌ��ឹងជាាក់ខ្មែ�តង។ កាារង្ហាារដោ��មាា�ដោគ្នាាល��ណ្ឌងជ�រុញវិ�័យុវិទីាសាាស្រ្ត�ត�ិរ�តរភាាពី ដោ�ាយុ អ�ុញ្ចាំា�ត្តឱ្យយមាា�កាារ�ដោងើ�ត្តចី�ដោណ្ឌ��ឹងខ្មែ�លអាាចីដោ�េរបាា� �ិង�តល់កាារខ្មែណ្ឌនាំា� ជាាយុុទីធសាាស្រ្ត�ត�ស្រ្តមាា�់កាារស្រ្តសាាវស្រ្តជាាវ �ិងកាារ�ដោស្រ្តមចីចីិត្តត។ ជាាមួយុ�ឹង កាារអភិិវឌ្ឍឍ�៍ជាា��ត�នាំេា�់ គដោស្រ្តមាាងស្រ្តសាាវស្រ្តជាាវកាារ�ស្រ្តម��ស្រ្តមួល �ិង ��ដោ�ាគ SURE ស្រ្តត្តូវបាា��ាក់ឱ្យយមាា�ឥទីធិពីលដោល�ដោគ្នាាល�ដោ�ាបាាយុ �ិរ�តរភាាពីទីីស្រ្តកុង �ិងគ្នាា�ស្រ្តទី�កមែភាាពីផ្លាះា�់�តូរដោ�ាទីូទាំា�ង�ហូគម�៍ភាាគី ពាាក់ពី័�ធ។ (Automated translation) ພາສາລາວ ການໍຄົ�ນໍຄວ້ າສັ ງເຄາະໃຫົ້ ພາບລວມຂອງໂຄງສ້ າງຂອງຄວາມຮ້້ ໃນໍປຶ້ະຈຸ ບັ ນໍກ່ ຽວກັ ບ ຫົົ ວຂ້ ໃດ້ຫົນໍຶ � ງແລະໃຫົ້ ບໍ ລ່ ການໍເພື � ອກໍ ານໍົ ດ້ຊ້່ ອງຫົວ່ າງ, ຂ້ ຈໍ າກັ ດ້, ແລະໂອກາດ້ສໍ າ ລັ ບການໍສື ບສວນໍຕົື � ມອີ ກ. ໃນໍສະພາບການໍຂອງໂຄງການໍຄົ�ນໍຄ້ ວາການໍອໍ ານໍວຍຸ ຄວາມສະດ້ວກ SURE ແລະສັ ງລວມ, ວຽກງານໍນໍີ� ລວມເອົ າຄວາມເຂົ�າໃຈທີາງ ດ້້ ານໍແນໍວຄວາມຄ່ ດ້, ວ່ ທີີ ການໍ, ແລະ empirical ທີີ � ໄດ້້ ມາຈາກວັ ນໍນໍະຄະດ້ີ ທີາງ ວ່ ຊ້າການໍແລະສ່ ບໂຄງການໍ transdisciplinary ພາຍຸໃນໍໂຄງການໍສະຫົນໍອງ ທີຶ ນໍ SURE. ໂດ້ຍຸຜູ້່ ານໍການໍເຊ້ື � ອມໂຍຸງຂ້ າມໂຄງການໍ, ການໍຄົ�ນໍຄວ້ າໄດ້້ ກໍ ານໍົ ດ້ ຮ້ ບແບບ thematic ແລະຄວາມສໍ າພັ ນໍທີີ � ຂະຫົຍຸາຍຸເກີ ນໍຂອບເຂດ້ຂອງ ການໍສຶ ກສາສ່ ວນໍບຸ ກຄົ ນໍ. ສະຖືາປຶ້ັ ດ້ຕົະຍຸະກໍ າສັ ງເຄາະທີີ � ສ້ າງຂຶ� ນໍສໍ າລັ ບໂຄງການໍດ້ັ�ງກ່ າວໄດ້້ ສະເໜ້ີ ພື � ນໍຖືານໍ ອັ ນໍຄົ ບຖື້ ວນໍເພື � ອເຂົ�າໃຈການໍພັ ດ້ທີະນໍາຕົົ ວເມື ອງແບບຍຸື ນໍຍຸົ ງໃນໍສະພາບການໍທີີ � ຫົຼ າກຫົຼ າຍຸ. ໂດ້ຍຸການໍສ້ າງແຜູ້ນໍທີີ � ຄວາມຮ້້ ທີີ � ມີ ຢ່້່ ແລ້ ວແລະເນໍ້�ນໍໃສ່ ຊ້່ ອງຫົວ່ າງ ການໍຄົ�ນໍຄວ້ າ, ມັ ນໍແຈ້ ງໃຫົ້ ນໍັ ກວ່ ຊ້າການໍສອບຖືາມໃນໍອະນໍາຄົ ດ້ແລະສະຫົນໍັ ບສະຫົ ນໍ້ ນໍການໍອອກແບບນໍະໂຍຸບາຍຸໂດ້ຍຸອີ ງໃສ່ ຫົຼັ ກຖືານໍ. ຍຸ່ � ງໄປຶ້ກວ່ ານໍັ�ນໍ, ກອບການໍ ສົ�ງເສີ ມການໍປຶ້ະດ້່ ດ້ສ້ າງ - ແນໍວຄວາມຄ່ ດ້, ທີ່ ດ້ສະດ້ີ , ວ່ ທີີ ການໍ, ແລະການໍແປຶ້ ພາສາ - ທີີ � ຂ້ າມຂອບເຂດ້ຂອງລະບຽບວ່ ໄນໍແລະປຶ້ະກອບສ່ ວນໍເຂົ�າໃນໍການໍເຊ້ື � ອມ ໂຍຸງຄວາມຮ້້ ພາກປຶ້ະຕົ່ ບັ ດ້. ວຽກງານໍນໍີ � ມີ ຈຸ ດ້ປຶ້ະສົ ງເພື � ອກ້ າວຫົນໍ້ າທີາງດ້້ ານໍວ່ ທີະຍຸາສາດ້ທີີ � ມີ ຄວາມຍຸື ນໍຍຸົ ງ ໂດ້ຍຸການໍສ້ າງຄວາມຮ້້ ທີີ � ສາມາດ້ໂອນໍໄດ້້ ແລະສະຫົນໍອງຄໍ າແນໍະນໍໍ າຍຸຸ ດ້ທີະສາດ້ສໍ າ ລັ ບການໍຄົ�ນໍຄວ້ າແລະການໍຕົັ ດ້ສ່ ນໍໃຈ. ດ້້ ວຍຸການໍພັ ດ້ທີະນໍາຢ່່ າງຕົ່ ເນໍື � ອງ, ໂຄງການໍ ຄົ�ນໍຄ້ ວາການໍອໍ ານໍວຍຸຄວາມສະດ້ວກ ແລະ ສັ ງລວມ SURE ໄດ້້ ຖືື ກວາງໄວ້ ເພື � ອ ໃຫົ້ ມີ ອ່ ດ້ທີ່ ພົ ນໍຕົ່ ນໍະໂຍຸບາຍຸຄວາມຍຸື ນໍຍຸົ ງຂອງຕົົ ວເມື ອງ ແລະ ສະຫົນໍັ ບສະຫົນໍ້ ນໍ ການໍຫົັ ນໍປຶ້່ ຽນໍໃນໍທີົ�ວຊຸ້ ມຊ້ົ ນໍທີີ � ມີ ສ່ ວນໍກ່ ຽວຂ້ ອງ. (Automated translation) แบบไทย การว่จัยแบบสังเคราะห์ให้ภาพัรวมเช้่งโครงสร้างเก่�ยวกับสถูานะ ปัจจุบันของความรู้ในหัวข้อท่�กําหนด แล่ะใช้้เพัื�อระบุช้่องว่าง ข้อ จํากัด แล่ะโอกาสในการศ่กษ์าเพั่�มเต์่ม ในบร่บทของโครงการว่จัย SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research งานว่จัยน่�ได้รวบรวม ข้อมูล่เช้่งล่่กเช้่งแนวค่ด เช้่งระเบ่ยบว่ธ์่ แล่ะเช้่งประจักษ์์ท่�รวบรวม จากวรรณกรรมทางว่ช้าการแล่ะโครงการสหว่ทยาการส่บโครงการ ภายใต์้โครงการทุน SURE ผู้่านการบูรณาการข้ามโครงการ งานว่จัย น่�ระบุรูปแบบแล่ะความสัมพัันธ์์เช้่งหัวข้อท่�ขยายออกไปนอกขอบเขต์ ของการศ่กษ์าแต์่ล่ะโครงการ สถูาปัต์ยกรรมการสังเคราะห์ท่�พััฒนาข่�นสําหรับโครงการน่�มอบ รากฐานท่�ครอบคลุ่มสําหรับการทําความเข้าใจการพััฒนาเมืองอย่าง ยั�งยืนในบร่บทท่�หล่ากหล่าย ด้วยการจัดทําแผู้นท่�ความรู้ท่�ม่อยู่แล่ะ เน้นยํ�าถู่งช้่องว่างของการว่จัย จ่งช้่วยให้สามารถูสืบค้นทางว่ช้าการ ในอนาคต์แล่ะสนับสนุนการออกแบบนโยบายท่�อ่งหล่ักฐานเช้่ง ประจักษ์์ นอกจากน่� กรอบการทํางานน่�ยังส่งเสร่มนวัต์กรรม ทั�งเช้่ง แนวค่ด เช้่งทฤษ์ฎี่ เช้่งระเบ่ยบว่ธ์่ แล่ะเช้่งแปล่ ท่�ก้าวข้ามขอบเขต์ ของสาขาว่ช้าแล่ะนําไปสู่การบูรณาการความรู้เช้่งปฏิ่บัต์่ งานว่จัยน่�มุ่งหวังท่�จะพััฒนาสาขาว่ทยาศาสต์ร์ความยั�งยืน โดยส่ง เสร่มการสร้างความรู้ท่�สามารถูถู่ายทอดได้ แล่ะให้คําแนะนําเช้่งกล่ ยุทธ์์สําหรับการว่จัยแล่ะการต์ัดส่นใจ ด้วยการพััฒนาอย่างต์่อเนื�อง โครงการว่จัยการอํานวยความสะดวกแล่ะการสังเคราะห์ SURE พัร้อมท่�จะม่อ่ทธ์่พัล่ต์่อนโยบายความยั�งยืนในเมืองแล่ะสนับสนุน การดําเน่นการเช้่งปฏิ่รูปในชุ้มช้นผูู้้ม่ส่วนได้ส่วนเส่ย (Automated translation) Tiếng Việt Nghiên cứu tổng hợp cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan có cấu trúc về tình trạng hiện tại của kiến thức trên một chủ đề cụ thể và giúp xác định những khoảng trống, hạn chế và cơ hội cho các nghiên cứu tiếp theo. Trong bối cảnh Dự án Nghiên cứu Tổng hợp và Hỗ trợ SURE, công trình này tổng 97 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 hợp các kiến thức lý thuyết, phương pháp luận và thực nghiệm được rút ra từ văn liệu học thuật và mười dự án liên ngành trong chương trình tài trợ SURE. Thông qua việc tích hợp giữa các dự án, nghiên cứu xác định các mô hình chủ đề và mối quan hệ vượt ra ngoài phạm vi của các nghiên cứu riêng lẻ.Khung tổng hợp được phát triển cho dự án cung cấp nền tảng toàn diện để hiểu về phát triển đô thị bền vững trong các bối cảnh đa dạng. Bằng cách lập bản đồ kiến thức hiện có và nhấn mạnh các khoảng trống nghiên cứu, nó định hướng cho các nghiên cứu học thuật trong tương lai và hỗ trợ thiết kế chính sách dựa trên bằng chứng. Hơn nữa, khung này thúc đẩy các đổi mới - khái niệm, lý thuyết, phương pháp luận và ứng dụng - vượt qua ranh giới ngành và góp phần vào việc tích hợp kiến thức thực tiễn. Công trình này nhằm mục tiêu nâng cao lĩnh vực khoa học bền vững bằng cách tạo ra kiến thức có thể chuyển giao và cung cấp hướng dẫn chiến lược cho nghiên cứu và ra quyết định. Với sự phát triển tiếp tục, Dự án Nghiên cứu Hỗ trợ và Tổng hợp SURE có vị thế để ảnh hưởng đến chính sách bền vững đô thị và hỗ trợ hành động chuyển đổi trong các cộng đồng bên liên quan. (Automated translation) Introduction In an increasingly interconnected and urbanising world, the need for sustainable development in cities and regions has become both urgent and complex. Cities are expanding rapidly—especially across Southeast Asia and China—and the pressures of climate change, resource scarcity, and social inequality make urban sustainability not just a policy concern but a shared global imperative. Within this evolving landscape, the SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Project (SURE F&SR) has taken on a distinct task: to make sense of the emerging knowledge from ten collaborative urban research projects operating under the SURE programme. These projects—supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)—work with local stakeholders in Asia to co-develop solutions for sustainable and resilient urban-rural development. The role of SURE F&SR is to help connect the dots: to collect, consolidate, and critically reflect on what this diverse programme is producing, and to support its transfer into usable, actionable knowledge. What makes this challenge particularly complex is the need to operate across different disciplines, cultural settings, institutional environments, and stakeholder expectations. In this context, synthesis is not just a technical or academic exercise—it is a foundational process that shapes how knowledge is created, shared, and applied. The SURE F&SR project takes this task seriously, approaching it with methodological openness, a commitment to transdisciplinarity, and a strong emphasis on contextual sensitivity. Building a Knowledge Architecture for Cross-Cultural Research SURE F&SR functions as the meta-research project of the SURE programme, focusing on knowledge synthesis and cross-project facilitation. Its central aim is to turn the programme’s distributed and heterogeneous knowledge landscape into something coherent and useful for both academic and non-academic audiences. This is done through a conceptual and technical architecture designed to structure the knowledge creation process while leaving room for adaptation and learning. The SURE F&SR research architecture begins by gathering data from three overarching categories: scientific literature and policy documents; internal materials and observations from the ten SURE projects themselves and in the upcoming project duration non-academic sources such as media, spatial data, and professional platforms. The data sets connected to the SURE projects include project reports, workshop summaries, peer-to-peer exchanges, and even responses to reflection tools like the “Reflection Toolbox”. What makes this structure more than a database is how it is used. The collected data is processed, then analysed through a series of iterative steps involving both qualitative and quantitative insight and digital tools. From this, the SURE F&SR team formulates research hypotheses for the overall funding programme, explores key research questions, and feeds findings back into project teams and broader expert communities. 98 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 This approach helps the programme as a whole to stay reflexive and aligned despite the different partner structures, urban scales, and local logics that shape each project. Because the SURE projects have varied start dates, scopes, and geographies— from metropolitan flood resilience to circular neighbourhood economies—the architecture needs to support both synchronic (moment-by-moment) and diachronic (longitudinal) insights. All of this is guided by six core questions that steer the architecture: Which results are being used, and by whom? Which insights can be transferred or scaled to other regions or contexts? Are there generalisable conclusions across the programme? How can the knowledge be consolidated and made accessible? How do the results interact with ongoing expert discourses? How are findings being translated into different stakeholder formats? These questions ensure that the architecture serves not only analytical purposes but also communication, coordination, and impact. Why Synthesis? Theoretical Grounding and Practical Purpose The motivation behind the SURE F&SR project lies in a particular view of knowledge: that it is constructed through interaction, embedded in context, and most valuable when it can cross boundaries—disciplinary, cultural, institutional, or linguistic. This framing draws on the principles of transdisciplinary research, as defined by scholars such as von Wehrden et al. (2018), who emphasise collaborative knowledge co-production involving both academic and societal actors. But it also extends to the practice of meta-research: the study and improvement of research itself. Through meta-synthesis—especially of qualitative findings—SURE F&SR aims to identify patterns, uncover blind spots, and generate system-level insights that would not emerge from isolated project results. This means integrating conceptual, empirical, and methodological contributions into a layered understanding of urban sustainability in diverse regions. This approach helps the programme as a whole to stay reflexive and aligned despite the different partner structures, urban scales, and local logics that shape each project.” In the literature, meta-synthesis is often praised for its ability to distill insights from fragmented studies (Walsh & Downe, 2005). Yet it also carries known risks: oversimplification, loss of context, or methodological mismatch. SURE F&SR addresses these by making the process as transparent and iterative as possible, including clear inclusion criteria, continuous documentation, and stakeholder feedback loops. Importantly, the research does not just generate synthesis on top of existing work, but also contributes to methodological innovation itself. Through their ongoing collaboration with different actors in the SURE programme, they are also developing and testing new tools and processes for synthesis, evaluation, and reflection. In this sense, the project is simultaneously a knowledge integrator and a methodological testbed. Notably, the project aligns itself with what Lang et al. (2012) call a "third epistemic way"—a mode of knowledge production that transcends traditional disciplinary or even interdisciplinary approaches. This transdisciplinary path incorporates diverse forms of knowledge (scientific, local, experiential), focuses on solution-oriented inquiry, and places equal weight on problem framing and co-learning. It is particularly suited to the kinds of sustainability problems that are dynamic, contested, and interconnected. Knowledge as a Social Practice: Working Across Cultures One of the key contributions of the SURE F&SR approach is its emphasis on the practice of 99 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 SURE Facilitation & Synthesis Research goals (set by the funding initiative) Research questions Data collection & generation qualitative data & quantitative data database Knowledge structuring & banking Research hypotheses Answering of (research) questions Data analysis Validation of hypotheses Preliminary data analysis Multi-method approach: •Pattern analysis •Cross-sectional analysis •AI supported data analysis and topic modelling (NLP, LLM) •Literature review •knowledge integration •synthesis Facilitation activities with projects Support at individual project level Support to create impact beyond the project & programme Synergies between the projects Knowledge synthesizer: Synthesis of project content & findings SURE Atlas Decision support Reference picture and reflection toolbox: Projects’ own reference picture Global reference picture Reflection tools Fig.1. Overview of SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Architecture (Source: Borgmann et al., 2023). knowledge creation—not just as an intellectual process, but as a culturally situated, relational activity. With ten projects operating in different parts of Asia, during the research and development funding phase, synthesis work must account for multiple realities: different governance regimes, language and translation issues, time zones, and even diverging understandings of what counts as evidence. To navigate this, SURE F&SR incorporates a facilitation component into its research logic. The project team doesn’t just observe or analyse the ten SURE projects from a distance—it works alongside them, hosting synergy workshops, offering bilateral consultations, conducting field visits, and running joint reflection exercises. This improves mutual trust and understanding while also generating embedded insight that augments desk-based synthesis. These activities also serve as informal moments of knowledge generation—through conversations, observations, and collaborative design sessions that would not be captured by traditional research instruments. They also reveal the emotional and political dynamics of collaboration: how priorities shift, how misunderstandings are resolved, how institutional constraints are navigated. Moreover, the team sees facilitation and synthesis not as separate functions but as a dynamic feedback loop that is illustrated in Figure 1 (Borgmann et.al., 2023). Facilitation activities produce insights and observations that feed into synthesis. In turn, synthesis generates hypotheses, findings, and tools that strengthen the facilitation work. This integrated approach has proven valuable in making the research process more responsive and grounded in real project needs. This emphasis on context-sensitive collaboration has also led the team to explore new ways of capturing informal and tacit knowledge—insights that often remain invisible in formal documentation. For example, observations made during field visits or casual exchanges between project partners may reveal cultural expectations, institutional constraints, or emerging practices that would otherwise escape notice. By designing formats that allow such impressions to be shared and reflected upon—such as facilitated peer-to-peer sessions—the SURE F&SR team aims to make space for knowledge that is often underrepresented but highly relevant. 100 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 From Data to Insight: A Multi-Method Analysis Strategy The SURE F&SR methodology is intentionally plural. Recognising the complexity of its subject matter, the team applies a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, supplemented by digital tools, stakeholder engagement, and reflection exercises. Some methods are traditional, such as literature reviews and cross-sectional analysis. Others are more experimental, including AI-supported topic modelling, natural language processing (NLP), and algorithmic analysis or machine learning. It surfaces thematic patterns that could inform future funding calls, or local interventions.” These methods are applied in a layered and iterative manner. For example, topic modelling may identify a cluster of recurring issues—such as “water governance” or “digital participation”—which are then explored in more depth using workshop materials, interviews, and project documentation. Patterns are validated through thematic analysis, and hypotheses are revisited in light of both structured data and unstructured insight. Crucially, the team treats synthesis not as a purely cognitive operation, but as a multi-modal practice that benefits from diverse inputs and interpretive registers. Visual material, for instance, plays an important role—not just as illustration, but as evidence. Diagrams, spatial maps, photos, and hand-drawn project sketches often communicate complexity and connections in ways that textual summaries cannot. The team is therefore developing routines for integrating visual data more systematically into the synthesis process, while also experimenting with how such media can support cross-cultural translation and internal learning. The team’s current hypotheses reflect this diversity of input. Among them are propositions such as: there is a pressing need for more robust methods of knowledge consolidation in transdisciplinary sustainability work; existing evaluation frameworks and funding criteria often fail to accommodate culturally specific practices and emergent priorities; cultural sensitivity and translation skills are not ancillary but central to effective international collaboration; identifying cross-cutting issues across projects (e.g. governance, water security, or participatory planning) can help surface synergies that benefit the entire programme; and project design and organisational architecture shape not only outputs but also long-term local impact. These hypotheses are continuously tested, revised, and validated through the ongoing synthesis logic, which mirrors Peirce’s (1878) cycle of abduction, deduction, and induction. It is a learning process as much as a research protocol. A Toolbox for Synthesised Urban Knowledge Two key instruments have emerged from this work: • The SURE atlas is a modular digital platform that structures and visualizes research outcomes across the ten projects. Inspired by business intelligence systems, it supports comparative views, custom dashboards, and thematic aggregation, making it easier for stakeholders to locate relevant insights and follow project development. • The Reflection Toolbox is a reflective mapping tool that helps project teams articulate their own assumptions, theories of change, and local impact pathways. It is co-created in workshops and updated over time, offering a basis for internal clarity and reflection. Together, these tools represent the tangible side of synthesis. They certainly do not replace in-depth analysis or expert judgment—but they enhance both by offering structure, transparency, and usability. 101 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Southeast Asia, China and Germany Conclusion: Making Urban Sustainability Knowledge Work The SURE Facilitation and Synthesis Research Project illustrates that synthesis is not merely a summingup of results, but a process of sense-making that must be as adaptive and reflexive as the systems it seeks to understand. In doing so, the project addresses several crucial gaps. It creates a connective tissue between parallel projects. It surfaces thematic patterns that could inform future funding calls, or local interventions. It aims to create tools that democratize access to knowledge while respecting its contextual roots. And lastly, it promotes a form of transdisciplinary research that takes social practice, power relations, and culture seriously. The tools and methods developed by SURE F&SR aim to do more than support the current programme. They ideally lay groundwork for future collaborative research initiatives facing similar challenges. With appropriate effort and contextualisation, the developed tools could be adapted for other multiproject, multi-country contexts. The conceptual architecture could inform how funding agencies design programme-level evaluation. As cities continue to grow and change, and as global challenges require collective responses, we will need more research that can integrate across domains, languages, and experiences. We will also need research architectures that are not just rigorous, but inclusive and transformative. 102 RESEARCH PAPER SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025 Huangyan, China (photo credit: Katharina M. Borgmann). VIETNAM FloodAdaptVN GreenCityLabHuế emplement! CAMBODIA Build4People THAILAND CHARMS 15 12 5 6 2 33 CHINA IMECOGIP URA Gender Ratio across all SURE Solutions‘s Contributions in Volume 2 (per Country) Male Female GERMANY SURE F&SR 5 2 Authors Information Assmann, André [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-5251-878X Affiliation: Geomer GmbH Project: FloodAdaptVN Bachofer, Felix [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-6181-0187 Affiliation: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Earth Observation Center (EOC) Project: FloodAdaptVN Barabás, Ágota [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0004-7269-9495 Affiliation: HafenCity University Hamburg Project: SURE F&SR Beermann, Henrik [email protected] Affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW Project: CHARMS Bick, Christian [email protected] Affiliation: Geoinformatics Tübingen University Project: FloodAdaptVN Blöbaum, Anke [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-8215-3008 Affiliation: Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Project: Build4People Borgmann, Katharina M. [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0009-1671-0991 Affiliation: HafenCity University Hamburg Project: SURE F&SR Braun, Andreas [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-8630-1389 Affiliation: Geoinformatics Tübingen University Project: FloodAdaptVN Büche, Kerstin [email protected] Affiliation: Geomer GmbH Project: FloodAdaptVN Bührs, Malte [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-5751-3267 Affiliation: Ruhr University Bochum Project: IMECOGIP Busch, Christin [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-7770-4247 Affiliation: ILS Research gGmbH Project: IMECOGIP Chetha, Chea [email protected].kh ORCID: 0009-0003-2007-6782 Affiliation: Royal University of Agriculture Project: Build4People Gia Tùng, Phạm [email protected].vn ORCID: 0000-0001-6377-2639 Affiliation: International School – Huế University Project: FloodAdaptVN Gruenhagen, Lars [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-2497-3184 Affiliation: Ruhr University Bochum Project: IMECOGIP Hoang Khanh Linh, Nguyen [email protected].vn ORCID: 0000-0003-1551-0575 Affiliation: Huế University, International School Project: FloodAdaptVN Hochschild, Volker [email protected] Affiliation: Geoinformatics Tübingen University Project: FloodAdaptVN Hor, Sanara [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-8801-6805 Affiliation: Royal University of Agriculture Project: Build4People Kaiser, Urban [email protected] Affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW Project: CHARMS 104 VIETNAM FloodAdaptVN GreenCityLabHuế emplement! CAMBODIA Build4People THAILAND CHARMS 15 12 5 6 2 33 CHINA IMECOGIP URA Gender Ratio across all SURE Solutions‘s Contributions in Volume 2 (per Country) Male Female GERMANY SURE F&SR 5 2 Karagianni, Christina [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0001-1879-1491 Affiliation: Technische Hochschule Lübeck Project: Build4People Kilian, Ralf ralf.[email protected]raunhofer.de ORCID: 0000-0002-0688-8042 Affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Project: CHARMS Krus, Martin martin[email protected]aunhofer.de ORCID: 0000-0003-3539-3740 Affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Project: CHARMS Mayer, Vivienne [email protected] Affiliation: TH Lübeck, University of Applied Sciences Project: SURE F&SR Mohiuddin, Gulam gulam.[email protected] ORCID: 0009-0006-1716-4345 Affiliation: Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Project: Build4People Moleiro Dale, Maria [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-7655-1309 Affiliation: HafenCity University Hamburg Project: SURE F&SR Mund, Jan-Peter jan-peter.[email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4878-5519 Affiliation: Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Project: Build4People Nguyen, Chi [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0004-2475-5341 Affiliation: Danang Architecture University, Community Engaged Learning Center Project: emplement! Nguyen, Long [email protected] Affiliation: Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature Project: GreenCityLabHuế Noennig, Joerg Rainer [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-1681-7635 Affiliation: HafenCity University Hamburg Project: SURE F&SR Peterek, Michael [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-1057-5425 Affiliation: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Global Urbanization Research Team Project: emplement! Restrepo Rico, Susana [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0006-7300-9884 Affiliation: Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Global Urbanization Research Team Project: emplement! Richtmann, Jakob jakob.richt[email protected]raunhofer.de Affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP Project: CHARMS Sambath, Eun [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0008-2518-5706 Affiliation: Royal University of Agriculture Project: Build4People Sannikova, Valeriya [email protected] Affiliation: Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW Project: CHARMS Scheuer, Sebastian [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-5431-350X Affiliation: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geography Department Project: GreenCityLabHuế Schinkel, Ulrike [email protected] Affiliation: IZES gGmbH, Department Infrastructure and Municipal Development Project: FloodAdaptVN Schultz, Michael [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-4813-090X Affiliation: Geoinformatics Tübingen University Project: FloodAdaptVN Schwartze, Frank [email protected] Affiliation: TH Lübeck, University of Applied Sciences Project: SURE F&SR Slawski, Anika [email protected] Affiliation: TH Lübeck, University of Applied Sciences Project: SURE F&SR Spath, Simon [email protected] Affiliation: IZES gGmbH, Department Infrastructure and Municipal Development Project: FloodAdaptVN Sumfleth, Luca [email protected]berlin.de Affiliation: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geography Department Project: GreenCityLabHuế Waibel, Michael [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3370-1669 Affiliation: University of Hamburg Project: Build4People Xie, Yuting [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-6379-8908 Affiliation: Institute of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang University Project: URA Zepp, Harald [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-5599-9542 Affiliation: Ruhr University Bochum Project: IMECOGIP 105 SURE Solutions 2 nd Volume 2025