Ci a ion: López-Cab ales, Ma ía del
Ma , Joseph Cabeza-Lainez, and
Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill. 2023.
S ee Guide as a Li e a y Gen e: La
Manada Ci y.A s 12: 115. h ps://
doi.o g/10.3390/a s12030115
Academic Edi o : John Za obell
Recei ed: 29 Ma ch 2023
Re ised: 23 May 2023
Accep ed: 28 May 2023
Published: 31 May 2023
Copy igh : © 2023 by he au ho s.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Swi ze land.
This a icle is an open access a icle
dis ibu ed unde he e ms and
condi ions o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion (CC BY) license (h ps://
c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/
4.0/).
a s
A icle
S ee Guide as a Li e a y Gen e: La Manada Ci y
Ma ía del Ma López-Cab ales 1, Joseph Cabeza-Lainez 2and Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill 3,*
1Depa men o Languages, Li e a u es, and Cul u es, Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, Cla k Building C-104,
Fo Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email p o ec ed]
2Depa men o A chi ec u al Composi ion, Uni e si y o Se ille, A . Reina Me cedes 2, 41012 Se illa, Spain;
[email p o ec ed]
3Depa men o Pain ing, Uni e si y o Se ille, La aña 3, 41003 Se illa, Spain
*Co espondence: [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac :
This s udy ho oughly examines La Manada (The Wol Pack) Ci y, an a wo k ha illumina es
he a ious o ms o iolence and opp ession expe ienced by u ban communi ies, pa icula ly women
and ma ginalized g oups. Ou esea ch speci ically ocuses on he li e a y elemen s o his pain ed
map which demons a es he ansi ion om de ensi e o a is ic s a egies as a means o su i al.
Ini ially, we aim o p o ide a comp ehensi e backg ound o he a wo k, including i s i le, social
con ex , he inciden s ha inspi ed he idea, and he au ho ’s ac i ism. Subsequen ly, we sc u inize
he li e a y esou ces o he 257 i ems ha comp ise he s ee guide o he map. By analysing he
a ious names gi en o loca ions on he map, including li e a y de ices and seman ic ields, we
obse e eminiscences o classic su ealis pain ings and he a is ’s abili y o p o ec he sel while
e ealing he iolence hidden behind he guise o an i hesis, alli e a ion, me apho , and o he li e a y
de ices. To demons a e he e ec i eness o ou esea ch, we compa ed i o wo o he maps wi h
di e en in en ions. Ou indings con i m he s eng h o La Manada Ci y, which ope a es bo h locally
and globally. As a ep esen a ion o he o me empo ium ci y o Se ille, ou map exposes he ad e se
impac o dominan capi alis ic s a egies on communi y li e, pe pe ua ing inequali ies o coun less
“poo owne s o he wo ld” by dis ega ding na u e and cul u e.
Keywo ds:
u banism; su ealism; li e a y de ices; maps and plans; ci ies; gende ; pain ing; a chi ec-
u e; li e a y gen e; poe y
1. In oduc ion
In 2019, in he g oup exhibi ion Maculadas sin Remedio, he e was a wo-piece pic o ial
wo k ep esen ing a map. I s i le was La Manada Ci y (The Wol Pack Ci y), and i s sub i le
was Commemo a i e Map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy. In he exhibi ion ca alogue,
howe e , only one o he pieces appea ed con aining he wo k’s i le, and i was announced
as a wo k in p og ess (Rod íguez-Cunill e al. 2019). Ne e heless, he b oad media
dissemina ion showed ha only wo pieces we e exhibi ed. A bilingual s ee guide
accompanied hese pieces in English and Spanish. Howe e , in he wo k o a , he names
o s ee s, poin s o in e es , monumen s, e c., we e w i en in English. I looked like a ision
o Google Ea h o Google Maps in he sa elli e iew, wi h a ce ain h ee-dimensionali y as
i was a collage wi h di e en echniques. In se e al abs, we we e gi en mo e in o ma ion
( humbnails and he numbe o e iews).
The piece o a i led La Manada Ci y was signed unde a pseudonym egis e ed as a
adema k in 2017—Inma la Inmunda (Inma he Fil hy). The a is has used his signa u e in
p e ious wo ks ha depic iolen si ua ions (Sain Ma in and Ma oquín 2022;Rod íguez-
Cunill 2021;Rod íguez Muñoz 2019). Inma la Inmunda, he a is in ques ion, is o en
e e ed o by a name ha she did no choose o he sel . Ra he , he meaning o his label
was gi en o he by o he s. Howe e , ins ead o allowing his insul o de ine he , Inma
la Inmunda has u ned i in o a sou ce o inspi a ion o he a wo k. Th ough he cle e
A s 2023,12, 115. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/a s12030115 h ps://www.mdpi.com/jou nal/a s
A s 2023,12, 115 2 o 20
inco po a ion o his label in o he pieces, she e ec i ely eclaims he insul and ans o ms
i in o some hing powe ul and meaning ul. Tha is why she collec s he aces o ha
psychological iolence, whe he by p in ing he anonymous messages ecei ed in he wo k,
by p in ing he denig a ing epo s abou he ha ha e been hidden, o e en by collec ing
sil e blis e packs o pills. In ac , some o he wo ks we e c ea ed using blis e packs
o pills collec ed by Inma la Inmunda and o he s we e based on anonymous messages
ecei ed du ing a p olonged pe iod o wo kplace ha assmen . I should be men ioned
ha he a is goes by he pseudonym “Inma la Magnánima” (Inma he Magnanimous) in
pieces ha do no inco po a e iolence-gene a ed ma e ials (Cunill 2021). This esea ch is
c ucial as i sheds ligh on he a is ic p ocesses employed in a unique and complex pic o ial
wo k ha is s ill e ol ing. By s udying his a wo k, we aim o b ing a en ion o sys emic
iolence, a heme al eady p esen in he a is ’s p e ious wo ks. In addi ion, he a is ’s
indi idual expe iences and uni e sal e lec ions on g oup mis ea men and psychological
a acks will be explo ed.
These wo i s wood panels o La Manada Ci y a e he only ones exhibi ed so a .
Howe e , he wo k in p og ess con inued du ing he pe iod o con inemen . In 2021, a book
was egis e ed in ISBN unde he i le La Manada Ci y by Inma la Inmunda. Apa om o he
p e ious wo ks, i con ained a pain ing collage o eigh pieces o a la ge map o iolence.
The i s wo pieces coincided wi h hose exhibi ed in Maculadas sin Remedio. In addi ion,
hei a angemen allowed a ho izon al eading (Figu e 1) om le o igh (1.5
×
8 m) o a
isualiza ion simila o many maps in a o ma o 3 ×4 m (Figu e 2).
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 o 21
he cle e inco po a ion o his label in o he pieces, she effec i ely eclaims he insul and
ans o ms i in o some hing powe ul and meaning ul. Tha is why she collec s he aces
o ha psychological iolence, whe he by p in ing he anonymous messages ecei ed in
he wo k, by p in ing he denig a ing epo s abou he ha ha e been hidden, o e en by
collec ing sil e blis e packs o pills. In ac , some o he wo ks we e c ea ed using blis e
packs o pills collec ed by Inma la Inmunda and o he s we e based on anonymous
messages ecei ed du ing a p olonged pe iod o wo kplace ha assmen . I should be
men ioned ha he a is goes by he pseudonym “Inma la Magnánima” (Inma he
Magnanimous) in pieces ha do no inco po a e iolence-gene a ed ma e ials (Cunill
2021). This esea ch is c ucial as i sheds ligh on he a is ic p ocesses employed in a
unique and complex pic o ial wo k ha is s ill e ol ing. By s udying his a wo k, we aim
o b ing a en ion o sys emic iolence, a heme al eady p esen in he a is ’s p e ious
wo ks. In addi ion, he a is ’s indi idual expe iences and uni e sal e lec ions on g oup
mis ea men and psychological a acks will be explo ed.
These wo i s wood panels o La Manada Ci y a e he only ones exhibi ed so a .
Howe e , he wo k in p og ess con inued du ing he pe iod o con inemen . In 2021, a
book was egis e ed in ISBN unde he i le La Manada Ci y by Inma la Inmunda. Apa om
o he p e ious wo ks, i con ained a pain ing collage o eigh pieces o a la ge map o
iolence. The i s wo pieces coincided wi h hose exhibi ed in Maculadas sin Remedio. In
addi ion, hei a angemen allowed a ho izon al eading (Figu e 1) om le o igh (1.5
× 8 m) o a isualiza ion simila o many maps in a o ma o 3 × 4 m (Figu e 2).
This a wo k is i al because i p esen s diffe en le els o eading ha illus a e he
p oblem o iolence in a ci y. Fu he mo e, gi en he e bal dimension o his pic o ial
wo k in he o m o a map, i seems pi o al o ca y ou a linguis ic and li e a y analysis
o he clues abou he ci y o iolence ha we see ep esen ed in La Manada Ci y. Howe e ,
due o he map’s ea u es, which could be ex ended inde ini ely, inding mo e linguis ic
da a in u u e pieces could be possible.
Li e a u e has nume ous an eceden s o desc ip ions o ci ies om an emo ional
poin o iew and om he injus ices ha occu in he wo ld and, he e o e, in ci ies. Fo
example, in he 15 h cen u y, Ch is ine de Pizán (de Pizán and Lema chand [1405] 2022)
c ea ed a ci y o ladies esponding o he misogyny o men in socie y, especially
cle gymen. In his w i en accoun o walking by he Hypoc isy S ee , Que edo (1627)
desc ibed he mo al e ils o he ci ies o his ime. Re lec ion on ci ies om an emo ional
poin o iew has been a cons an in he Wes e n wo ld and has highligh ed wha single
opp essi e hough and p opaganda hide.
The map o La Manada Ci y is explici ly de eloped in he a is ic, uni e si y, and an i-
women sphe es bu also ope a es, as we shall see, a diffe en le els ( om he
au og aphical o he communi y, local, and global).
We will ace he pa h om he use o he language o he conclusions abou he alue
o his a wo k as a means o su i ing in a hos ile en i onmen . In p e ious wo ks, one
o he au ho s has documen ed he Dia y o Inciden s, a ool o psychological and legal
use in case o g oup ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). They can be conside ed he
o iginal s a ing poin o he li e a y p ocess o Inma la Inmunda. We will in es iga e he
men al p ocesses unde lying he c ea i e labou in La Manada Ci y. Be o e p oceeding, i
is essen ial o examine he con ex behind he c ea ion o his map.
Figu e 1.
La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda.
2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100
×
150 cm each). Ho izon al
layou . Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s u ed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s
om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
This a wo k is i al because i p esen s di e en le els o eading ha illus a e he
p oblem o iolence in a ci y. Fu he mo e, gi en he e bal dimension o his pic o ial
wo k in he o m o a map, i seems pi o al o ca y ou a linguis ic and li e a y analysis o
he clues abou he ci y o iolence ha we see ep esen ed in La Manada Ci y. Howe e ,
due o he map’s ea u es, which could be ex ended inde ini ely, inding mo e linguis ic
da a in u u e pieces could be possible.
Li e a u e has nume ous an eceden s o desc ip ions o ci ies om an emo ional poin
o iew and om he injus ices ha occu in he wo ld and, he e o e, in ci ies. Fo example,
in he 15 h cen u y, Ch is ine de Pizán (de Pizán and Lema chand [1405] 2022) c ea ed a
ci y o ladies esponding o he misogyny o men in socie y, especially cle gymen. In his
w i en accoun o walking by he Hypoc isy S ee , Que edo (1627) desc ibed he mo al
e ils o he ci ies o his ime. Re lec ion on ci ies om an emo ional poin o iew has been
a cons an in he Wes e n wo ld and has highligh ed wha single opp essi e hough and
p opaganda hide.
The map o La Manada Ci y is explici ly de eloped in he a is ic, uni e si y, and an i-
women sphe es bu also ope a es, as we shall see, a di e en le els ( om he au og aphical
o he communi y, local, and global).
We will ace he pa h om he use o he language o he conclusions abou he alue
o his a wo k as a means o su i ing in a hos ile en i onmen . In p e ious wo ks, one
o he au ho s has documen ed he Dia y o Inciden s, a ool o psychological and legal
A s 2023,12, 115 3 o 20
use in case o g oup ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). They can be conside ed he
o iginal s a ing poin o he li e a y p ocess o Inma la Inmunda. We will in es iga e he
men al p ocesses unde lying he c ea i e labou in La Manada Ci y. Be o e p oceeding, i is
essen ial o examine he con ex behind he c ea ion o his map.
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 o 21
Figu e 1. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la
Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each).
Ho izon al layou . Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s uffed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he
objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
Figu e 2. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la
Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each). 4:3
disposi ion in wo ows. Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s uffed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e,
and o he objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
2. Con ex
The i s piece o he wo k, which includes i s i le, was showcased o he public in an
exhibi ion ha s a ed on 10 Janua y 2019, so he concep da es back o 2018, wi h a ious
e en s occu ing in Se ille and Spain igge ing he incep ion o La Manada Ci y.
1. The 400 h anni e sa y o he bi h o Se illian pain e Ba olomé Es eban Mu illo was
celeb a ed wi h he Mu illo Yea e en , showcased bo h inside and ou side he ci y. The
e en was a collabo a i e e o o a ious ins i u ions o b ing Ba oque pain ing close
o ci izens and isi o s alike. Ou guiding h ead is “Mu illo’s inno a i e gaze,” which
links his inno a i e con ibu ions o he mode n and cul u al capi al o he Se ille o
oday, a benchma k o quali y ou ism and a g ea u ban a galle y ha seamlessly
in e wines his o y and inno a ion, pas , and p esen (Mu illo 2018).
The pain e ’s wo k was no analyzed om a gende pe spec i e, no was i
acknowledged how his p opagandis ic pain ing could nega i ely affec women and
women pain e s. This is pa icula ly ele an when conside ing his isual ep esen a ion
Figu e 2.
La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda.
2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100
×
150 cm each). 4:3 disposi ion in
wo ows. Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s u ed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s
om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
2. Con ex
The i s piece o he wo k, which includes i s i le, was showcased o he public in an
exhibi ion ha s a ed on 10 Janua y 2019, so he concep da es back o 2018, wi h a ious
e en s occu ing in Se ille and Spain igge ing he incep ion o La Manada Ci y.
1.
The 400 h anni e sa y o he bi h o Se illian pain e Ba oloméEs eban Mu illo was
celeb a ed wi h he Mu illo Yea e en , showcased bo h inside and ou side he ci y.
The e en was a collabo a i e e o o a ious ins i u ions “ o b ing Ba oque pain ing
close o ci izens and isi o s alike. Ou guiding h ead is “Mu illo’s inno a i e gaze,”
which links his inno a i e con ibu ions o he mode n and cul u al capi al o he
in e wines his o y and inno a ion, pas , and p esen ” (Mu illo 2018).
The pain e ’s wo k was no analyzed om a gende pe spec i e, no was i acknowl-
edged how his p opagandis ic pain ing could nega i ely a ec women and women pain e s.
A s 2023,12, 115 4 o 20
This is pa icula ly ele an when conside ing his isual ep esen a ion o he Immacula e
Concep ion o Ma y, which e en ually led o he Va ican’s accep ance o his dogma in
1854. The p oposal o Maculadas Sin Remedio (whe e he i s wo pieces o La Manada Ci y
we e exhibi ed) was in ended o ill he oid ha had no been add essed ins i u ionally,
highligh ing he impo ance o women’s ini ia i es in he a wo ld. In e es ingly, speci ic
spaces in La Manada Ci y a e ma ked by pain ed e sions o hands ound in a ious wo ks
by Mu illo.
2.
Ap il 2018 was a key da e in which an impo an media and social deba e began.
Tha mon h, he P o incial Cou o Na a a con ic ed i e agg esso s o sexual
abuse. Du ing he San Fe mín es i al in Pamplona in 2016, a g oup o i e males
b u ally aped a young woman in he doo way o a building. The cou decision
aised he ala m and discussions abou consen , he igh o p i acy, he ideal o “ he
good ic im,” he need o gende sensi iza ion o he judicia y, he good heal h o
eminism, and he mobiliza ion o an i- eminism
. . .
This case ecei ed signi ican
global a en ion and was e en a opic o discussion in he Eu opean Pa liamen . The
UN Women’s Sexual Ha assmen Coo dina o , Puna Sen, c i icized he sen ence,
s essing he impo ance o sa egua ding women’s igh s. Despi e his, a highe
judicial au ho i y upheld he uling in Decembe 2018 (Sánchez-Ramos 2021), and
he ongoing deba e con inues conce ning i s impac on Spanish law. Howe e , i is
wo h no ing ha i was p ecisely in 2018 when Inma la Inmunda used he name “La
Manada” o c ea e a pic o ial map o he ci y. Since he case a i ed in he media, he
name “La Manada” has ca ied mul idimensional conno a ions ha ha e spa ked
poli ical deba es in p e-elec ion pe iods and he app o al o laws a ec ing women’s
igh s. None heless, using he name “La Manada” was i ing o he pain ing in 2018
since
he i e a acke s in he case hailed om Se ille, which is a signi ican de ail
.
Inma la Inmunda had been b inging a en ion o inciden s o g oup iolence in he
wo kplace, and 2018 ma ked he 10 h anni e sa y o he ounda ion o he Pla o m Agains
Wo kplace Ha assmen and o Democ acy a he Uni e si y o Se ille. A e en yea s
wi hou a is ic ou pu , Inma la Inmunda un eiled he ins alla ion In isibilizaciónin 2017.
This ins alla ion inco po a ed pha maceu ical e idence o he ea men s she had aken
o cope wi h a case o psychological ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2017). The name “La
Manada” acqui ed a special signi icance in hose space- ime coo dina es: Se ille, 2018.
Fu he mo e, he coope a ion be ween wol es wi hin a pack is mos appa en in he
global image y du ing a hun . A wol pack may ail a he d o elk o o he la ge p ey
o days be o e making i s inal mo e (assessing he he d, looking o signs o weakness,
e c.). This idea mus ha e been in he imagina ion o he i e Se illian agg esso s o he
gang ape case, who ga e hei Wha sapp g oup he name “La Manada” (The pack). As a
ci y o iolence, Se ille is in he backg ound o he image y de eloped on he map we a e
dealing wi h.
3.
Too, he Se ille o 2018 was he p o agonis in he media o he judicial pe secu ion
o h ee women who pa icipa ed on Labo Day (1 May 2014) in wha was called he
pa ade o he “Insubmissi e Pussy” on behal o he “Guild o he Sac ed Rebellious
Pussy and he Sac ed Bu ial o Social and Wo ke s’ Righ s” (Bu gen 2019). In i ,
he image o a plas ic agina was shown on a p ocessional pa ade, and humo ous
lea le s abou women’s igh s and ly ics o singing songs we e handed ou a he
demons a ion. A i s complain by he Spanish Associa ion o Ch is ian Lawye s,
conside ing ha i was an a ack on he symbols o he Ca holic eligion, was iled in
he i s ins ance (Re iejo 2019). Howe e , he judicial pe secu ion con inued o e he
yea s, ocused on eminis ac i is s in he Se illian en i onmen .
The ex o “Anno Mu illo, pa ia chal unde wo ld” (La Inmunda 2017) alludes o
he pe secu ed eminis s; while in he same yea 2018, in suppo o eminis colleagues
ha assed and o he ic ims o ha assmen known h ough he Pla o m agains ha assmen
A s 2023,12, 115 5 o 20
a wo k and o Democ acy, she c ea es he pa icula Sac ed Pussy, bu his ime Insubmissi e
o he glass ceiling a he Uni e si y o Se ille (Rod íguez-Cunill 2019).
In sum, Inma la Inmunda’s a is ic silence was b oken wi h he elease o he wo k
In isibilizaciónwhich showcased he ac i is dimension o he cha ac e . In addi ion, she
collec ed a signi ican amoun o blis e packs o pills, mos ly om women, which became
a pa o he la es wo k La Manada Ci y. This con ex ualiza ion was essen ial o highligh
he a wo k’s li e a y complexi y.
3. Resul s
Ou analysis ocuses on he linguis ic dynamics p esen in La Manada Ci y ega ding
speci ic seman ic ields and he iden i ica ion and explana ion o li e a y de ices. In
addi ion, an analysis o he a is ’s name, Inma la Inmunda, has been conduc ed, oo, o i s
connec ion o he wo k.
3.1. Linguis ic Dynamics Acco ding o Seman ic Fields
Analysing s ee s, monumen s, squa es, si es o in e es , e c., has yielded nume ous
esul s. Fi s , we es ablished key ques ions o in e which ques ions he names pain ed on
he map migh answe . This p o ided us wi h a whole se o 10 e minology clus e s ha
e eal a way o hinking abou iolence, o which he names o s ee s and o he si es o
in e es a e a esponse (Table 1).
Th ough his able, we did conclude ele an aspec s abou he mind ha c ea ed his
iolence map. I may be one o he mos in iguing ai s o he isi o / eade o he La
Manada Ci y map since conno a ions a e p esen in he dynamics o ecep ion, and eading
gi es alue o he s eng h o his map, which, as we ha e said, is based on he objec i e o
making concealed iolence isible.
Indeed, we obse e some gene al ends ha e eal a s uc u ed hough since he
s ee s, oads, monumen s, e c., espond o he key ques ions, we deduced om he seman-
ic ields inally de ined in poin s 1 o 10. The e o e, we unde s and his pic o ial wo k
as a es imony and s udy o a b oad spec um o ha assmen om he au obiog aphical
expe ience o iolence agains he plane .
In he au obiog aphical aspec s, we ha e poin ed ou local e e ences (g oup 7). Fo ex-
ample, he pa allelism be ween he Pan heon o Illus ious Manadians cons i u es a eiled
e e ence o he Facul y o Fine A s in Se ille whose basemen s house he Pan heon o Illus-
ious Se illians. The local has much s eng h he e (no e 1 o Table 1) and au obiog aphical
hough o he a is passed he Se illian academic pa h.
The in o ma ion p o ided in Table 1, which shows connec ions be ween key ques ions
o La Manada Ci y and he a is , seman ic ields, and pa icula cases (names) p esen in
he map, e eals his a wo k’s communica ional solid dimension. Linguis ically i is so
imp essi e ha he isual aspec s will ha e o be analysed in ano he a icle. Among he
seman ic ields b oken down in Table 1, some o hem show speci ic pedagogical in en ions,
as hey a e “connec o s wi h eali y” such as he e minology ela ed o c iminal ac s
(abduc ion, mis ea men , o u e
. . .
) in g oup 5, hose ha di ec us o he symp oms
su e ed by he ic ims (g oup 6) and, he e o e, en e ing a ield o subjec i i y. In his sense,
ano he le el o subjec i i y is es ablished when he na a o /a is becomes—in a ce ain
way—a “judge” o hose guil y o iolence, and e ms loaded wi h nega i i y appea (g oup
4). This is no odd since, in he emo ional e ain, he ha assing g oups usually manage he
collec i e indigna ion agains he wo kplace bullying a ge . This can be a esponse— he
one elabo a ed by he a ge /a is — o ha iolence (Sain Ma in 2017).
Mo e c yp ic elemen s indeed appea on he su ace o he map. Howe e , we mus
conside ha while his map was being elabo a ed o make he hidden iolence isible, i
also in ol ed a isk o he au ho , hence, he decision o w i e he names o he s ee s and
monumen s in English a he han Spanish.

A s 2023,12, 115 6 o 20
Table 1.
Linguis ic dynamics acco ding o seman ic ields (which a e also spa ial since hey indica e
places on he map).
Numbe Seman ic Field Key Ques ion Cases on he Map
1 The e minology used by he powe
How would Pa ia chy e e o
i sel ? Wi hin his sec ion, we ind
o he close a ian s which we
b eak down in poin s 2 and 3.
T easu y o he Dow y. Wo ld Mankind He i age.
Unanimi y Ci cle
Blind Eyewi nesses A enue
Penis En y S ee
O e alua ion o Vic ims A enue
2
Names o spaces ha hono he
agg esso s, iolen people, o
pe pe a o s o c imes
Wha places can pay homage o
ou bes specimens?
Pa ia chy said.
Ego Monumen
Esplanade o T iumph o e Women
G ea Ten o Indoc ina ion
3
Te ms abou owne ship, belonging, o
membe ship (e en o abs ac en i ies)
How does he Pa ia chy show i s
idea ha eali y and he
in e p e a ion o eali y belong o
Pa ia chy i sel ?
Palace o Ou Jus ice Te ace
Se ice o Ou Equali y
Pa h o Ou T u h
Sain Sel ish Ra ine Checkpoin
San Pa amíSpo Sigh
4The e minology desc ibing
pa ia chal powe om ou side o i
How would someone who
opposes pa ia chal powe e e o
spaces buil om pa ia chal
p inciples? This ques ion can be
answe ed wi h e minology ha
includes insul s o some imes
shows a isce al posi ion
Wickedness S ee
T icks e S ee
Way o Sys emic Violence
Ass-kisse Ci cle
Thicke o In e es s A enue
5C iminal Ac s Te minology and
Abuse S a egies
Which poin s on he map show
c imes, majo o enses, and
misdemeanou s?
Abduc ion S ee
Gla ing Omission S ee
G oup Heis S ee
Mis ea men A enue
To u e S ee
6Te ms ela ed o physical and
emo ional damage
Wha does he ic im o iolence
su e om?
Labo ed B ea hing A enue
The Uneasiness. Housing Es a e
Suicide Apo heosis Cen e
Sleeplessness S ee
Dep ession Alley
Anxioly ics S ee
Accumula ed Fa igue S ee
Boule a d o An idep essan s
The Nausea. Shan y Town
7Te ms wi h local e e ences (and
au ho biog aphy e e ences)
In which ecognizable places ha e
expe iences o iolence by he
au ho occu ed?
Pan heon o Illus ious Manadians 1
E il A s Facul y
Rec o a o he Uni e si y o he Docks
8
Te ms wi h ecological e e ences o
ha desc ibe a le el o global,
plane a y iolence. Wi hin his sec ion,
he e ms ela ed o he expe ience o
pandemics a e included ( hey belong
o he las quad an s ca ied ou )
A sonis o Mo he Ea h A enue
Global Conscience Dump
Bo anical Ga den o Plas ic Plan s
Swamp o Ex e mina ion (Biosphe e Rese e)
Model o he Con inemen . Si e o Global In e es
Pandemics Time
9Te minology ela ed o dea h and
ansi ion o dea h
Slow Dea h S ee
Scy he Ride
Bu ial S ee
Nec opolis o Rage Unde Con ol
Co ido o Induced Comma
10 Feminis o gende issue e minology
Feminis s o Feminism Ghe o
Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k
Biopoli ical Su eillance Indus ial Pa k
Biological De e minism A enue
Bike Lane o Gende Bina ism
Mic omachism Labo a o y
Pa ia chal Sys em Se ing Cen al
1
Local e e ence o Se ille. The e is a Pan heon o Illus ious Spanish Men in Mad id, bu i s name does no
speci y he ci y o o igin o hese Illus ious Men. The e is also a Pan heon o Illus ious Galicians (a egion, a mo e
comp ehensi e ex ension han a ci y o p o ince) and a Pan heon o Illus ious Ma ine s in San Fe nando (in his
case, he common denomina o is he p o ession). In his cons uc ion, we canno deny hei g andeu p e ensions,
he a chi ec u al ecogni ion o hose who changed he His o y, o hose who we e i s p o agonis s. The e e ence
o Se ille and i s Pan heon o Illus ious Se illians, closely linked o he ci y and he Facul y o Fine A s, is e iden
(Almodo a -Melendo e al. 2018). I is he only Pan heon in Spain whe e he equi emen o being selec ed is o
be bo n in a ci y.
A s 2023,12, 115 7 o 20
The pedagogical in en ion is also e ealed h ough he e minology es ablished om
he pa ia chal powe (g oups 1, 2, 3). I se es o de ec hese language aps, now
insinua ed c ea i ely. Thus, as we said be o e, g oup 4 seems o be a esponse om ou side
he pa ia chal powe and g oup 10 add esses eminis e minology. In addi ion, some
s ee s’ eno mously sad and pessimis ic aspec s ma e ialized in he ull iolence o dea h
and i s ansi ion (g oup 9). I becomes mo e gene al looking a he plane ’s u u e (g oup
8), including some no es on he ecen pandemic. Finally, he Global Conscience Dump, he
A sonis o Mo he Ea h A enue, o he Swamp o Ex e mina ion lead us o he au ho ’s
saddes and mos gene alizing hinking.
3.2. Li e a y De ices
Li e a y de ices p o ide us wi h emo ional e ec s wi h a is ic quali ies beyond he
li e alness o walls, pa e s, and sidewalks. The me apho s a e epea ed in a ia ions along
he s ee s. The s uc u es a e all me apho s ( he s ee o
. . .
implies an iden i ica ion, as
i is no “ he s ee o cobbles ones”). The li e a y de ices a e echniques o guidance in
how o ead he s ee guide and he pain ing. Due o hei quali y o connec ion, hese
li e a y de ices lead us o a eading o he map beyond he s ones o walls o he ci y o he
iolence.
These li e a y de ices lead he eade in o an a is ic uni e se. Reali y does no appea
as i is, bu we eel i (Table 2).
Conside ing he examples on he map, he Me apho s o su eal esonances (g oup 1)
lead us o spaces whe e each name could be a pain ing o poem i le. Thanks o he
epe i ion (g oup 2), in he G ea G and-G and P incipal, we a e e e ed o he idea o
inb eeding, o nepo ism, an issue ha appea s in o he a eas o he map. Howe e , he
epe i ion o he oo s o he wo i s nouns in he Feminis o Feminism Ghe o e e s o
he idea o au hen ici y. On he o he hand, he i ony o he Feminis o Pa ia chy Pa k
(Figu e 3) (in g oup 5) leads us o alsehood and be ayal by including wo opposi es.
Table 2. Li e a y de ices lead he isi o – eade ecep o o an emo ional uni e se.
Numbe Li e a y De ices Commen s Examples in he Map
1 Me apho s o su eal esonances
The su eal esonances some imes lead
o links be ween emo ional e ms and
physical de ices, he abs ac , and he
conc e e. They sha e aspec s wi h o he
s ylis ic esou ces as he an i hesis.
Mechanical Ballad Ci cle
Mic osca e S ee
Lib a y o Limi ing Belie s
Memo y Sh ine
Decisions Dock
E idence C ushe S ee 1
2 Repe i ions
Wha places can pay homage o ou bes
specimens? Pa ia chy said.
G ea G and–G and P incipal Te ace
Feminis s o Feminism Ghe o
3 Idioms and modi ied idioms
Mos cases show combina ions o
adjec i es and nouns o e e o a
Monumen , way, ins i u ion, e c.
Hollow P omise S ee
Recu ing In ingemen S ee
Bla an Injus ice A enue
Clampdown S ee
Co ido o Whi ened Sepulche s
Fake News S ee
False F iends Academy
4 An i hesis
The opposi e wo ds a e mo e disco dan
and p o oke sensa ions o oddness,
s angeness, o eiled h ea .
Pan heon o Tu bid P aise
Mu e Tongue Alley
Dea Complain A enue
Disbelie Audi o ium
Emp y Changes Lane
False Sympa hy S ee
E il A s Facul y
Glass-ceiling oad
A s 2023,12, 115 8 o 20
Table 2. Con .
Numbe Li e a y De ices Commen s Examples in he Map
5 I ony
P e ended Tea s Reco e y Cen e
Psychosocial Risk P omo ion Se ice
Dys opian P esen S ee
Domes ica ion Palace A enue
Elemen a y School o Illusion o Democ acy
Feminis o Pa ia chy Pa k
G-s ing Laby in h
6 Pe soni ica ion Di e en s ee s, monumen s, and spo s
ac as pe sons o ha e sen imen s.
Calumny E ase Building
P eda o Valley
Clien elis ic Ne wo k Building
Decisions Dock
Wo Be ide You A ch
T eache y S ee
T ai o Silence S ee
1
This s ee appea s wi h wo di e en names in he 2021 egis e ed ca alog. The e o e, we ha e shown he ac ual
name on he map.
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 o 21
Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How-
e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and
is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also
happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium.
The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also
di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a
Psychosocial Risk Se ice is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice p omo es
hem ins ead o p e en ing hem: Psychological Risk P omo ing Se ice (Figu e 4a), o we
a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended
(Figu e 4b).
(a) (b)
Figu e 4. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; (b) P e ended Tea s
Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a
ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a
school, democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b).
Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How-
e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and
is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also
happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium.
The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also
di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a
Psychosocial Risk Se ice (Figu e 4a) is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice
p omo es hem ins ead o p e en ing hem, o we a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a
cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended (Figu e 4b).
In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a
ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a school,
democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b).
A s 2023,12, 115 9 o 20
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 o 21
Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How-
e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and
is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also
happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium.
The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also
di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a
Psychosocial Risk Se ice is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice p omo es
hem ins ead o p e en ing hem: Psychological Risk P omo ing Se ice (Figu e 4a), o we
a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended
(Figu e 4b).
(a) (b)
Figu e 4. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; (b) P e ended Tea s
Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a
ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a
school, democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b).
Figu e 4.
De ails o La Manada Ci y (
a
) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; (
b
) P e ended Tea s
Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 o 21
(a) (b)
Figu e 5. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Dys opian P esen S ee , nea he Pandemic Time ; (b) Ele-
men a y School o Illusion o Democ acy. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
This s ylis ic esou ce leads us o a g ea e sense o u h because i connec s wi h he
in elligence o he ecep o , making him/he a pa icipan o a sec e (wha is and does no
seem o be, acco ding o G eimas and Cou és 1979). The semio ic squa e o e idic ion
shows he con lic be ween being and seeming. In G eimassian modali ies, he sec e is bu
does no seem o be, he alsehood is no bu seems o be, and he u h is and seems o be;
meanwhile, he lie seems o be bu is no (G eimas and Cou és 1979). I we pa icipa e in a
sec e , we will eel he u h mo e in ensi ely han he me e u h.
In his emo ional accompanimen o he eade o he map, he pe soni ica ion (g oup
6) helps o ans e eelings because he s ee s a e con amina ed by human ac ions, such
as a dock ha can make decisions o a building ha can e ase slande s. The uni e se o
sensibili y accompanies he eading o his complex and o ce ul a wo k. Anand’s se -
en h hesis comes ue: “The image is no jus he Visible, he Tex is no jus he Sayable”
(Anand 2016).
3.3. A ound he Alli e a ion in Inma la Inmunda and Phone ic De ices
As we said abo e, Inma la Inmunda is a egis e ed adema k used o wo k wi h
aces o iolence (anonymous h ea ening messages, emains o pill blis e s packs, deni-
g a ing epo s …) ep esen ed in a logo wi h a dung bee le ha models he de i us on
he g ound in o a pe ec sphe e (Figu e 6).
(a) (b)
Figu e 6. Logos o Inma la Inmunda (a) The pseudonym as a egis e ed adema k. Sou ce: Spanish
Pa en and T adema k Office M-3683422. Image a ailable a h ps://www.emp esia.es/dis in-
i o/inma-la-inmunda/oepm/m-3683422/, accessed on 30 May 2023; (b) Signa u e on The Manada
Ci y. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
Inma la Inmunda has been he signa u e o se e al o me wo ks, such as he 2017
audio-ins alla ion In isibiliza ion (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). The i s eco d o ac ions unde
his a is ic name da es om 2015, in he p esen a ion o Inma la Inmunda and he Esquizos
Figu e 5.
De ails o La Manada Ci y (
a
) Dys opian P esen S ee , nea he Pandemic Time ; (
b
) Ele-
men a y School o Illusion o Democ acy. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda.
This s ylis ic esou ce leads us o a g ea e sense o u h because i connec s wi h he
in elligence o he ecep o , making him/he a pa icipan o a sec e (wha is and does no
seem o be, acco ding o G eimas and Cou és 1979). The semio ic squa e o e idic ion
shows he con lic be ween being and seeming. In G eimassian modali ies, he sec e is bu
does no seem o be, he alsehood is no bu seems o be, and he u h is and seems o be;
meanwhile, he lie seems o be bu is no (G eimas and Cou és 1979). I we pa icipa e in a
sec e , we will eel he u h mo e in ensi ely han he me e u h.
In his emo ional accompanimen o he eade o he map, he pe soni ica ion (g oup 6)
helps o ans e eelings because he s ee s a e con amina ed by human ac ions, such as a
dock ha can make decisions o a building ha can e ase slande s. The uni e se o sensibili y
accompanies he eading o his complex and o ce ul a wo k. Anand’s se en h hesis comes
ue: “The image is no jus he Visible, he Tex is no jus he Sayable” (Anand 2016).
3.3. A ound he Alli e a ion in Inma la Inmunda and Phone ic De ices
As we said abo e, Inma la Inmunda is a egis e ed adema k used o wo k wi h aces
o iolence (anonymous h ea ening messages, emains o pill blis e s packs, denig a ing
epo s
. . .
) ep esen ed in a logo wi h a dung bee le ha models he de i us on he g ound
in o a pe ec sphe e (Figu e 6).
Inma la Inmunda has been he signa u e o se e al o me wo ks, such as he 2017
audio-ins alla ion In isibiliza ion (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). The i s eco d o ac ions unde
his a is ic name da es om 2015, in he p esen a ion o Inma la Inmunda and he Esquizos
A s 2023,12, 115 16 o 20
he eade wi h wo d games and li e a y de ices, insinua ing mo e han explici ly showing,
and making he ecei e eel mo e in elligen han when simply eading a s ee map o
o ien himsel in a ci y.
So a , we ha e e alua ed ou map in compa ison o ano he based on empo al simul-
anei y. Howe e , ano he ou is map o London om 1914 (Figu e 9) is geog aphically
and empo ally dis an . Wi h i s a is ically ea ed su ace con aining poems and e bal
commen s, his map lacks he ca og aphic accu acy ound in o he maps. Despi e lacking
c i ical analysis, his map has been a e e ence o o he cha ming ou is maps ea u ing
a ious ci ies, which can be easily ound in sou eni s o es. While explo ing his ques ion
could enhance ou s udy, i is essen ial o no e ha he wo maps we compa ed o La Manada
Ci y ha e a s onge ela ionship wi h hei e e en , se ing as simple spa ial guides. In
con as , Inma la Inmunda’s map has an emo ional ou e a he han a spa ial one. Re e -
ences o he ci y o Se ille only appea h ough he li e aliza ion and loca ion o ha assmen
expe iences documen ed on he map. This makes La Manada Ci y a anscenden wo k o
unde s anding g oup iolence, dis ancing i om he local le el and b inging i close o
he uni e sal. On he o he hand, se e al maps o he ci y o Se ille we e c ea ed h ough
sen imen al, spi i ual, o eligious p ecep s, as he map o Se ille made om Feng-Shui
p inciples, as we s udied in ou p e ious esea ch (Rod íguez-Cunill e al. 2021).
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 o 21
a ious ci ies, which can be easily ound in sou eni s o es. While explo ing his ques ion
could enhance ou s udy, i is essen ial o no e ha he wo maps we compa ed o La Ma-
nada Ci y ha e a s onge ela ionship wi h hei e e en , se ing as simple spa ial guides.
In con as , Inma la Inmunda’s map has an emo ional ou e a he han a spa ial one. Re -
e ences o he ci y o Se ille only appea h ough he li e aliza ion and loca ion o ha ass-
men expe iences documen ed on he map. This makes La Manada Ci y a anscenden
wo k o unde s anding g oup iolence, dis ancing i om he local le el and b inging i
close o he uni e sal. On he o he hand, se e al maps o he ci y o Se ille we e c ea ed
h ough sen imen al, spi i ual, o eligious p ecep s, as he map o Se ille made om
Feng-Shui p inciples, as we s udied in ou p e ious esea ch (Rod íguez-Cunill e al.
2021).
(a) (b)
Figu e 9. Wonde g ound Map o London Town, by MacDonald Gill, Leslie. 1915. Sou ce: B i ish Lib a y
(Maps 3485). (199). Public Domain. Wikipedia Commons: h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Wonde -
g ound_Map#/media/File:Wonde g ound_Map_o _London_Town.jpg, accessed on 30 May 2023.
“Published in 1914, By Paying Us You Pennies—o he Wonde g ound Map o London Town, as
his ca og aphic icon became known—p esen s a bi d’s eye iew o he capi al peopled wi h cha -
ac e s om e e y walk o li e making whimsical quips o puns abou oad o place names: Men hu l
hams in Hu lingham In Ea ls Cou  he Ea l’s caugh !’ A colou ul se pen has aken up esidence
in he Se pen ine. Despi e i s che ons and he aldic bo de s, i clea ly p esen s a con empo a y po -
ai o London wi h i s mo o ca s and B-Type buses and a s a e-o - he-a monoplane looping he
loop in he skies abo e. P ess epo s o he ime claimed ha People spend so long looking a his
map— hey miss hei ains ye go on smiling’ (Daily Ske ch, May 1914). Va ious e ail edi ions we e
published in he ollowing yea s, while map-make s ac oss he wo ld we e inspi ed o c ea e Won-
de ’ maps o hei own ci ies including Melbou ne, Mexico Ci y and Ba celona”.
5. Conclusions and Las Ques ions
Ou goal o highligh ing he li e a y aspec o he a wo k La Manada Ci y and p o-
mo e i as a ool o su i al and esis ance agains pa ia chy and alse ideologies ha ,
despi e claiming o oppose i , ul ima ely pe pe ua e inequali y. We s a ed o de ing he
names gi en o he places on he map, leading o u he ques ions ha could be explo ed.
La Manada Ci y is a complex wo k ha ac s as an encyclopedia o iolence and should no
be o e looked.
Howe e , we ha e seen ha only wo o i s eigh pieces could be exhibi ed, highligh -
ing ins i u ions’ difficul y in con on ing he inequali ies and injus ices depic ed in his
a wo k. This a icle aims o b ing a en ion o his wo k, which equi es b a e y o dis-
play, as powe o en shies away om con on ing uncom o able u hs.
Figu e 9.
Wonde g ound Map o London Town, by MacDonald Gill, Leslie. 1915. Sou ce: B i ish Li-
b a y (Maps 3485). (199). Public Domain. Wikipedia Commons: h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/
Wonde g ound_Map#/media/File:Wonde g ound_Map_o _London_Town.jpg, accessed on 30 May
2023. “Published in 1914, By Paying Us You Pennies—o he Wonde g ound Map o London Town, as
his ca og aphic icon became known—p esen s a bi d’s eye iew o he capi al peopled wi h cha ac e s
om e e y walk o li e making whimsical quips o puns abou oad o place names: Men hu l hams
in Hu lingham In Ea ls Cou ‘ he Ea l’s caugh !’ A colou ul se pen has aken up esidence in he
Se pen ine. Despi e i s che ons and he aldic bo de s, i clea ly p esen s a con empo a y po ai o
London wi h i s mo o ca s and B-Type buses and a s a e-o - he-a monoplane looping he loop in he
skies abo e. P ess epo s o he ime claimed ha ‘People spend so long looking a his map— hey miss
hei ains ye go on smiling’ (Daily Ske ch, May 1914). Va ious e ail edi ions we e published in he
ollowing yea s, while map-make s ac oss he wo ld we e inspi ed o c ea e ‘Wonde ’ maps o hei
own ci ies including Melbou ne, Mexico Ci y and Ba celona”.
5. Conclusions and Las Ques ions
Ou goal was o highligh he li e a y aspec o he a wo k La Manada Ci y and
p omo e i as a ool o su i al and esis ance agains pa ia chy and alse ideologies ha ,
despi e claiming o oppose i , ul ima ely pe pe ua e inequali y. We s a ed o de ing he

A s 2023,12, 115 17 o 20
names gi en o he places on he map, leading o u he ques ions ha could be explo ed.
La Manada Ci y is a complex wo k ha ac s as an encyclopedia o iolence and should no
be o e looked.
Howe e , we ha e seen ha only wo o i s eigh pieces could be exhibi ed, highligh -
ing ins i u ions’ di icul y in con on ing he inequali ies and injus ices depic ed in his
a wo k. This a icle aims o b ing a en ion o his wo k, which equi es b a e y o display,
as powe o en shies away om con on ing uncom o able u hs.
A e analyzing seman ic ields and li e a y de ices, we ha e disco e ed connec ions
be ween ou map and Se ille. We ha e also ound he linguis ic o igin o many space
names and hei ela ionship wi h Inma la Inmunda’s home own. Su ealis ic linguis ic
elemen s we e also p esen . In conclusion, we ha e speci ic ques ions ha need o be
add essed ega ding ou p ima y objec i e o highligh ing La Manada Ci y’s magni icen
pic o ial-li e a y wo k.
How is his wo k posi ioned wi hin he con ex o Spanish eminism? Some ime
ago, we wonde ed whe he eminis w i ing exis ed in Spain a he end o he wen ie h
cen u y (López-Cab ales 2014). The esul s a he ime we e con adic o y. Spanish women
w i e s we e si ua ed be ween an a e sion o being labeled as ‘ eminis s’ (unde s ood hen
as adical poli ics and e en lesbianism) and eeling ha , as women, hey had accomplished
qui e a lo . Howe e , ac s such as he sp ead o sexual p eda o s in he s yle o La Manada
ha e p o ed o be e ulsi e, no only o he eminis mo emen bu o he conc e e
c ea ion o he s ee guide o La Manada Ci y. As we explained, La Manada e e ed o a
well-known case o g oup iolence agains women commi ed by a g oup o men om
Se ille agains a young woman du ing he San Fe mines es i i ies in Pamplona. They
called hei Wha sApp g oup, whe e hey pos ed hei ape ideos, La Manada. E en ually,
i was ound ha he c imes commi ed in Pamplona had also occu ed in o he pa s
o Spain. Women’s eac ions o his case, om eminis ac i ism o a i ism, ha e been
nume ous.
As a li e a y wo k, he s ee map o La Manada Ci y is a poe ic jou ney ha sinks i s
ee in encyclopedic eage ness ( e y masculine) and su ealism (as a way o o e come he
expe ience o ha assmen ).
In e sec ed by he ac o being a woman, o no ha ing been bo n whe e he ha-
assmen ook place, o de eloping he a is ic and p o essional wo k in a pa ia chal
en i onmen , he wo k o Inma La Inmunda is a unique p oduc ha dese es mo e e-
sea ch (such as he meaning o gold in he a wo k, no as a subsidy o powe , bu as a
sub e sion, a p ac ical alliance wi h o he mino i ies on he plane who ha e wi hin hei
each shiny disca ded objec s ha , al hough no composed o his p ecious me al, b ing ou
a discou se o luxu y in po e y, sca ci y, and p eca iousness).
Wha a e he u u e possibili ies o his wo k in p og ess since i mani es s a dynamic
o concealmen ? We ha e escued a wo k ha is no exhibi ed in i s en i e y and ha
deals wi h such p oblema ic issues o he en i onmen whe e i was bo n ha i has
complica ed exhibi ion possibili ies. Howe e , his does no p e en us om ecognizing a
comple ely new exp ession ha ewo ks pas issues and denounces and seeks beau y in an
en i onmen o iolence. Ce ain co espondences wi h eali y seem o be ound on he
map, bu hey a e c yp ically es ablished as i he au ho was p o ec ing he sel . This is
he same p o ec i e e ec as he apo opaic elemen s, whose linguis ic o ms use s ylis ic
de ices such as pe iph asis o puns o e ade he dange om he ou side. On he o he
hand, we suspec ha speci ic names w i en on he map may hide agen s o he gang o
ha assmen , a ques ion ha , in some in e iews, he au ho has insinua ed wi h he case o
he name Angels (Ha assing Angels Chapel). E en on he isual le el, he e a e po ai s
o possible s alke s ha canno be ecognized ( he ac o acknowledging hem could be a
menace o he a is ) and o he o ms o human membe s ha gi e us clues o a mo e han
uncom o able eali y: his happens in he phallic S ained-Mou h P ick Memo ial o hose
minia u e blu ed po ai s o he Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k label (Figu e 3).
A s 2023,12, 115 18 o 20
Wha a e he u u e possibili ies o his wo k in p og ess since i mani es s an ou -
wa d dynamic?
Each o he spaces on his map may con ain he ge m o mo e wo ks ( he i les o he
s ee s and o he poin s hin a he possibili y o new c ea ions in he manne o an analogical
hype ex ). We a e con inced ha La Manada Ci y is a model o maximalis p inciples
applied o pain ing. The a is has epea edly demons a ed agains he au ho i a ianism
“o Ikea” o minimalism wi h no hing o say. In addi ion, Inma la Inmunda has a lo o
ell. Some oo many aspec s and nuances eme ge om he expe iences o g oup iolence
main ained o e ime. On he o he hand, as we ha e seen, he map and he s ee map
ha e an encyclopaedic ambi ion, so i is s ill a wo k in p og ess.
Au ho Con ibu ions:
Concep ualiza ion, I.R.-C.; me hodology, I.R.-C. and J.C.-L.; so wa e, I.R.-C.
and J.C.-L.; o mal analysis, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; in es iga ion, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; esou ces,
I.R.-C.; w i ing—o iginal d a p epa a ion, I.R.-C.; w i ing— e iew and edi ing, I.R.-C., J.C.-L. and.
M.d.M.L.-C.; isualiza ion, I.R.-C.; supe ision, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; p ojec adminis a ion,
I.R.-C.; unding acquisi ion, I.R.-C. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he published e sion o he
manusc ip .
Funding:
This esea ch was unded by EU, Nex Gene a ionEU, h ough Minis e io de Uni e sidades
and Uni e si y o Se ille, g an numbe 19994.
A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 19 o 21
iolence main ained o e ime. On he o he hand, as we ha e seen, he map and he s ee
map ha e an encyclopaedic ambi ion, so i is s ill a wo k in p og ess.
Au ho Con ibu ions: Concep ualiza ion, I.R.-C.; me hodology, I.R.-C. and J.C.-L.; so wa e, I.R.-
C. and J.C.-L.; o mal analysis, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; in es iga ion, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; e-
sou ces, I.R.-C.; w i ing—o iginal d a p epa a ion, I.R.-C.; w i ing— e iew and edi ing, I.R.-C.,
J.C.-L. and. M.d.M.L.-C.; isualiza ion, I.R.-C.; supe ision, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; p ojec admin-
is a ion, I.R.-C.; unding acquisi ion, I.R.-C. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he published e -
sion o he manusc ip .
Funding: This esea ch was unded by EU, Nex Gene a ionEU, h ough Minis e io de Uni e -
sidades and Uni e si y o Se ille, g an numbe 19994.
Da a A ailabili y S a emen : No applicable.
Acknowledgmen s: Au ho s app ecia e he wisdom and expe ience o Ai o Lanja in-Encina and
he Depa men o A and A His o y o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he help and gene osi y o
Jona han Ca lyon, Chai o he Depa men o Languages, Li e a u es and Cul u es o he Colo ado
S a e Uni e si y, he open-mindedness and efficacy o E in Tomkins (In e na ional S uden and
Schola Se ices o CSU), and G e chen Za le-Ligh oo (assis an o he edi o o Con luencia, Re is a
Hispánica de Cul u a y Li e a u a). Mo eo e , we would like o highligh he ex ao dina y assis ance
o he In e na ional Women’s Club o Fo Collins In e na ional Cen e , especially om Sa a Hun .
We canno o ge he expe ise and kindness o Ka en Smi h (English eache a Fo Collins In e -
na ional Cen e ) and ou deep lo e o he ou s anding ELS ins uc o And ea Heyman. In addi ion,
we hank he ca e ul and gene ous wo k o he F on Range Communi y College s aff in Fo Collins.
Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic s o in e es .
No es
1. The li e a y echnique o alli e a ion is equen ly employed in su ealism and dadaism. Howe e , i is wo h no ing ha pos is
poe Ca los Edmundo de O y also hea ily u ilizes his echnique. Inma la Inmunda, who knew de O y in pe son, d ew inspi-
a ion om his phone ic games and inco po a ed hem in o he a is ic c ea ions. Un o una ely, he phone ic quali ies o de
O y’s poem “Fonemo amas” canno be ully con eyed in an English ansla ion. The Spanish i le alone unde sco es i s phone ic
signi icance: “Si can o soy un can ueso/Si leo soy un león/Si emano soy una mano/Si amo soy un amasijo/Si lucho soy un
se ucho/Si como soy como soy soy/Si io soy un ío de isa/Si due mo en e mo de do mi /Si umo me umo has a el humo/Si
hablo me escucha el diablo/Si mien o me in en o una e dad/Si me hundo me Ca los Edmundo.” (“I I sing, I am a can ueso/I
I ead, I am a lion/I I emana e, I am a hand/I I lo e, I am a angle/I I igh , I am a saw/I I ea , I am wha I ea /I I laugh, I am a
i e o laugh e /I I sleep, I am sick o sleeping/I I smoke, I smoke un il he smoke/I I speak, he de il lis ens/I I lie, I in en a
u h/I I sink, I am Ca los Edmundo”).
2. Gi ondo’s poem en i led “Se illano” shows his eali y o i es ha may seem su eal i you a e no amilia wi h he ci y o
Se ille. “Se illano”/In he a ium: a e i able ga he ing o blind men, e en wi h a badge, a pack o child en, ba king o a
bi ch/ The chu ch is e ige a ed so ha he o i e offe ings o eyes and a ms do no mel .../Benea h hei s iff man les, i gins
aise uby ea s. Some ha e pony ail hai . O he s wea hei hea s like a cushion o pins/A cowbell o keys pe mea es he
gloom wi h a hea y sac is y odo . An ances al o angu an e i es in an old woman when she c osses he o ehead./And
meanwhile, in on o he high al a , he women’s geni als lique y con empla ing a c uci ix ha bleeds om i s six y-six ibs,
and he p ies chews a p aye as i i we e a “chewing gum.” T ansla ed in o English by Cabeza-Lainez. A ailable in Spanish
a : h ps://www.poe icous.com/gi ondo/se illano?locale=es, accessed on 30 May 2023.
3. One was he con e ence “Once upon a ime ... POSTISM”, held in San Roque (Cádiz), om 15 o 17 July 1987.
Re e ences
(Almodo a -Melendo e al. 2018) Almodo a -Melendo, Jose-Manuel, Joseph-Ma ia Cabeza-Lainez, and Inmaculada Rod iguez-
Cunill. 2018. Ligh ing Fea u es in His o ical Buildings: Scien i ic Analysis o he Chu ch o Sain Louis o he F enchmen in
Se illa. Sus ainabili y 10: 3352. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/su10093352
(Anand 2016) Anand, Shaina. 2016. 10 Thesis on he A chi e. In Au onomous A chi ing. Edi ed by A ikişle Collec i e. Ba celona: dp -
ba celona, pp. 79–94. A ailable online: h ps://monoskop.o g/images/c/cd/A ikisle _Collec i e_ed_Au onomous_A chi -
ing_2016.pd (accessed on 30 May 2023).
Da a A ailabili y S a emen : No applicable.
Acknowledgmen s:
Ou hea goes ou o he la e a is E a Guil Walls (a Dadais pionee in Se ille
whose a is ic ajec o y was hidden while new gene a ions o Andalusian a is s pu he indings
in o p ac ice); E a Guil Walls accompanied he ealiza ion o he i s wo pieces o
La Manada Ci y
and played a undamen al ole in he g oup exhibi ion
Maculadas sin Remedio
. Au ho s app ecia e
he wisdom and expe ience o Ai o Lanja in-Encina and he Depa men o A and A His o y o
he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he help and gene osi y o Jona han Ca lyon, Chai o he Depa men
o Languages, Li e a u es and Cul u es o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he open-mindedness and
e icacy o E in Tomkins (In e na ional S uden and Schola Se ices o CSU), and G e chen Za le-
Ligh oo (assis an o he edi o o Con luencia, Re is a Hispánica de Cul u a y Li e a u a). Mo eo e , we
would like o highligh he ex ao dina y assis ance o he In e na ional Women’s Club o Fo Collins
In e na ional Cen e , especially om Sa a Hun . We canno o ge he expe ise and kindness o Ka en
Smi h (English eache a Fo Collins In e na ional Cen e ) and ou deep lo e o he ou s anding
ELS ins uc o And ea Heyman. In addi ion, we hank he ca e ul and gene ous wo k o he F on
Range Communi y College s a in Fo Collins.
Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic o in e es .
No es
1
The li e a y echnique o alli e a ion is equen ly employed in su ealism and dadaism. Howe e , i is wo h no ing ha pos is
poe Ca los Edmundo de O y also hea ily u ilizes his echnique. Inma la Inmunda, who knew de O y in pe son, d ew inspi a ion
om his phone ic games and inco po a ed hem in o he a is ic c ea ions. Un o una ely, he phone ic quali ies o de O y’s poem
“Fonemo amas” canno be ully con eyed in an English ansla ion. The Spanish i le alone unde sco es i s phone ic signi icance:
“Si can o soy un can ueso/Si leo soy un león/Si emano soy una mano/Si amo soy un amasijo/Si lucho soy un se ucho/Si como
soy como soy soy/Si io soy un ío de isa/Si due mo en e mo de do mi /Si umo me umo has a el humo/Si hablo me escucha
el diablo/Si mien o me in en o una e dad/Si me hundo me Ca los Edmundo.” (“I I sing, I am a can ueso/I I ead, I am a
lion/I I emana e, I am a hand/I I lo e, I am a angle/I I igh , I am a saw/I I ea , I am wha I ea /I I laugh, I am a i e o
laugh e /I I sleep, I am sick o sleeping/I I smoke, I smoke un il he smoke/I I speak, he de il lis ens/I I lie, I in en a u h/I
I sink, I am Ca los Edmundo”).
2
Gi ondo’s poem en i led “Se illano” shows his eali y o i es ha may seem su eal i you a e no amilia wi h he ci y o
Se ille. “Se illano”/In he a ium: a e i able ga he ing o blind men, e en wi h a badge, a pack o child en, ba king o a
bi ch/ The chu ch is e ige a ed so ha he o i e o e ings o eyes and a ms do no mel
. . .
/Benea h hei s i man les,
A s 2023,12, 115 19 o 20
i gins aise uby ea s. Some ha e pony ail hai . O he s wea hei hea s like a cushion o pins/A cowbell o keys pe mea es
he gloom wi h a hea y sac is y odo . An ances al o angu an e i es in an old woman when she c osses he o ehead./And
meanwhile, in on o he high al a , he women’s geni als lique y con empla ing a c uci ix ha bleeds om i s six y-six ibs,
and he p ies chews a p aye as i i we e a “chewing gum.” T ansla ed in o English by Cabeza-Lainez. A ailable in Spanish a :
h ps://www.poe icous.com/gi ondo/se illano?locale=es, accessed on 30 May 2023.
3One was he con e ence “Once upon a ime . . . POSTISM”, held in San Roque (Cádiz), om 15 o 17 July 1987.
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Almodo a -Melendo, Jose-Manuel, Joseph-Ma ia Cabeza-Lainez, and Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill. 2018. Ligh ing Fea u es in
His o ical Buildings: Scien i ic Analysis o he Chu ch o Sain Louis o he F enchmen in Se illa. Sus ainabili y 10: 3352. [C ossRe ]
Anand, Shaina. 2016. 10 Thesis on he A chi e. In Au onomous A chi ing. Edi ed by A iki¸sle Collec i e. Ba celona: dp -ba celona,
pp. 79–94. A ailable online: h ps://monoskop.o g/images/c/cd/A ikisle _Collec i e_ed_Au onomous_A chi ing_2016.pd
(accessed on 30 May 2023).
Bu gen, S ephen. 2019. Se ille judge h ows ou ‘ ebellious pussy’ e igy case. Pa ade aimed o de end igh s a he han o end
eligious sensibili ies, judge says. The Gua dian. Oc obe 11. A ailable online: h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2019/oc /
11/se ille-judge- h ows-ou - ebellious-pussy-la ex- agina-e igy-case (accessed on 30 May 2023).
Cabeza-Lainez, JoséMa ía. 2019. La ision y la oz: A e, ciudad y cul u a en Asia O ien al. Có doba: Uni e si y o Co doba.
Cabeza-Lainez, Joseph Ma ía, and Jose M. Almodo a -Melendo. 2018. Dayligh , Shape and C oss-Cul u al In luences Th ough he
Rou es o Disco e ies: The Case o Ba oque Temples. Space and Cul u e 21: 375–94. [C ossRe ]
Casa G ande del Puma ejo. 2016. Inma “La Inmunda” en la Casa del Puma ejo. Video Ma e ial abou he Public P esen a ion o Inma
La Inmunda y los Esquizos, 4 h Decembe o 2015 a House-Palace o Puma ejo (Se ille), wi h a Ve sión o “The Ja a o he A omic
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0
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