Street guide as a literary genre: La Manada City

Ci a ion: López-Cab ales, Ma ía del Ma , Joseph Cabeza-Lainez, and Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill. 2023. S ee Guide as a Li e a y Gen e: La Manada Ci y.A s 12: 115. h ps:// doi.o g/10.3390/a s12030115 Academic Edi o : John Za obell Recei ed: 29 Ma ch 2023 Re ised: 23 May 2023 Accep ed: 28 May 2023 Published: 31 May 2023 Copy igh : © 2023 by he au ho s. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Swi ze land. This a icle is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms and condi ions o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion (CC BY) license (h ps:// c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/ 4.0/). a s A icle S ee Guide as a Li e a y Gen e: La Manada Ci y Ma ía del Ma López-Cab ales 1, Joseph Cabeza-Lainez 2and Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill 3,* 1Depa men o Languages, Li e a u es, and Cul u es, Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, Cla k Building C-104, Fo Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email p o ec ed] 2Depa men o A chi ec u al Composi ion, Uni e si y o Se ille, A . Reina Me cedes 2, 41012 Se illa, Spain; [email p o ec ed] 3Depa men o Pain ing, Uni e si y o Se ille, La aña 3, 41003 Se illa, Spain *Co espondence: [email p o ec ed] Abs ac : This s udy ho oughly examines La Manada (The Wol Pack) Ci y, an a wo k ha illumina es he a ious o ms o iolence and opp ession expe ienced by u ban communi ies, pa icula ly women and ma ginalized g oups. Ou esea ch speci ically ocuses on he li e a y elemen s o his pain ed map which demons a es he ansi ion om de ensi e o a is ic s a egies as a means o su i al. Ini ially, we aim o p o ide a comp ehensi e backg ound o he a wo k, including i s i le, social con ex , he inciden s ha inspi ed he idea, and he au ho ’s ac i ism. Subsequen ly, we sc u inize he li e a y esou ces o he 257 i ems ha comp ise he s ee guide o he map. By analysing he a ious names gi en o loca ions on he map, including li e a y de ices and seman ic ields, we obse e eminiscences o classic su ealis pain ings and he a is ’s abili y o p o ec he sel while e ealing he iolence hidden behind he guise o an i hesis, alli e a ion, me apho , and o he li e a y de ices. To demons a e he e ec i eness o ou esea ch, we compa ed i o wo o he maps wi h di e en in en ions. Ou indings con i m he s eng h o La Manada Ci y, which ope a es bo h locally and globally. As a ep esen a ion o he o me empo ium ci y o Se ille, ou map exposes he ad e se impac o dominan capi alis ic s a egies on communi y li e, pe pe ua ing inequali ies o coun less “poo owne s o he wo ld” by dis ega ding na u e and cul u e. Keywo ds: u banism; su ealism; li e a y de ices; maps and plans; ci ies; gende ; pain ing; a chi ec- u e; li e a y gen e; poe y 1. In oduc ion In 2019, in he g oup exhibi ion Maculadas sin Remedio, he e was a wo-piece pic o ial wo k ep esen ing a map. I s i le was La Manada Ci y (The Wol Pack Ci y), and i s sub i le was Commemo a i e Map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy. In he exhibi ion ca alogue, howe e , only one o he pieces appea ed con aining he wo k’s i le, and i was announced as a wo k in p og ess (Rod íguez-Cunill e al. 2019). Ne e heless, he b oad media dissemina ion showed ha only wo pieces we e exhibi ed. A bilingual s ee guide accompanied hese pieces in English and Spanish. Howe e , in he wo k o a , he names o s ee s, poin s o in e es , monumen s, e c., we e w i en in English. I looked like a ision o Google Ea h o Google Maps in he sa elli e iew, wi h a ce ain h ee-dimensionali y as i was a collage wi h di e en echniques. In se e al abs, we we e gi en mo e in o ma ion ( humbnails and he numbe o e iews). The piece o a i led La Manada Ci y was signed unde a pseudonym egis e ed as a adema k in 2017—Inma la Inmunda (Inma he Fil hy). The a is has used his signa u e in p e ious wo ks ha depic iolen si ua ions (Sain Ma in and Ma oquín 2022;Rod íguez- Cunill 2021;Rod íguez Muñoz 2019). Inma la Inmunda, he a is in ques ion, is o en e e ed o by a name ha she did no choose o he sel . Ra he , he meaning o his label was gi en o he by o he s. Howe e , ins ead o allowing his insul o de ine he , Inma la Inmunda has u ned i in o a sou ce o inspi a ion o he a wo k. Th ough he cle e A s 2023,12, 115. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/a s12030115 h ps://www.mdpi.com/jou nal/a s A s 2023,12, 115 2 o 20 inco po a ion o his label in o he pieces, she e ec i ely eclaims he insul and ans o ms i in o some hing powe ul and meaning ul. Tha is why she collec s he aces o ha psychological iolence, whe he by p in ing he anonymous messages ecei ed in he wo k, by p in ing he denig a ing epo s abou he ha ha e been hidden, o e en by collec ing sil e blis e packs o pills. In ac , some o he wo ks we e c ea ed using blis e packs o pills collec ed by Inma la Inmunda and o he s we e based on anonymous messages ecei ed du ing a p olonged pe iod o wo kplace ha assmen . I should be men ioned ha he a is goes by he pseudonym “Inma la Magnánima” (Inma he Magnanimous) in pieces ha do no inco po a e iolence-gene a ed ma e ials (Cunill 2021). This esea ch is c ucial as i sheds ligh on he a is ic p ocesses employed in a unique and complex pic o ial wo k ha is s ill e ol ing. By s udying his a wo k, we aim o b ing a en ion o sys emic iolence, a heme al eady p esen in he a is ’s p e ious wo ks. In addi ion, he a is ’s indi idual expe iences and uni e sal e lec ions on g oup mis ea men and psychological a acks will be explo ed. These wo i s wood panels o La Manada Ci y a e he only ones exhibi ed so a . Howe e , he wo k in p og ess con inued du ing he pe iod o con inemen . In 2021, a book was egis e ed in ISBN unde he i le La Manada Ci y by Inma la Inmunda. Apa om o he p e ious wo ks, i con ained a pain ing collage o eigh pieces o a la ge map o iolence. The i s wo pieces coincided wi h hose exhibi ed in Maculadas sin Remedio. In addi ion, hei a angemen allowed a ho izon al eading (Figu e 1) om le o igh (1.5 × 8 m) o a isualiza ion simila o many maps in a o ma o 3 ×4 m (Figu e 2). A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 o 21 he cle e inco po a ion o his label in o he pieces, she effec i ely eclaims he insul and ans o ms i in o some hing powe ul and meaning ul. Tha is why she collec s he aces o ha psychological iolence, whe he by p in ing he anonymous messages ecei ed in he wo k, by p in ing he denig a ing epo s abou he ha ha e been hidden, o e en by collec ing sil e blis e packs o pills. In ac , some o he wo ks we e c ea ed using blis e packs o pills collec ed by Inma la Inmunda and o he s we e based on anonymous messages ecei ed du ing a p olonged pe iod o wo kplace ha assmen . I should be men ioned ha he a is goes by he pseudonym “Inma la Magnánima” (Inma he Magnanimous) in pieces ha do no inco po a e iolence-gene a ed ma e ials (Cunill 2021). This esea ch is c ucial as i sheds ligh on he a is ic p ocesses employed in a unique and complex pic o ial wo k ha is s ill e ol ing. By s udying his a wo k, we aim o b ing a en ion o sys emic iolence, a heme al eady p esen in he a is ’s p e ious wo ks. In addi ion, he a is ’s indi idual expe iences and uni e sal e lec ions on g oup mis ea men and psychological a acks will be explo ed. These wo i s wood panels o La Manada Ci y a e he only ones exhibi ed so a . Howe e , he wo k in p og ess con inued du ing he pe iod o con inemen . In 2021, a book was egis e ed in ISBN unde he i le La Manada Ci y by Inma la Inmunda. Apa om o he p e ious wo ks, i con ained a pain ing collage o eigh pieces o a la ge map o iolence. The i s wo pieces coincided wi h hose exhibi ed in Maculadas sin Remedio. In addi ion, hei a angemen allowed a ho izon al eading (Figu e 1) om le o igh (1.5 × 8 m) o a isualiza ion simila o many maps in a o ma o 3 × 4 m (Figu e 2). This a wo k is i al because i p esen s diffe en le els o eading ha illus a e he p oblem o iolence in a ci y. Fu he mo e, gi en he e bal dimension o his pic o ial wo k in he o m o a map, i seems pi o al o ca y ou a linguis ic and li e a y analysis o he clues abou he ci y o iolence ha we see ep esen ed in La Manada Ci y. Howe e , due o he map’s ea u es, which could be ex ended inde ini ely, inding mo e linguis ic da a in u u e pieces could be possible. Li e a u e has nume ous an eceden s o desc ip ions o ci ies om an emo ional poin o iew and om he injus ices ha occu in he wo ld and, he e o e, in ci ies. Fo example, in he 15 h cen u y, Ch is ine de Pizán (de Pizán and Lema chand [1405] 2022) c ea ed a ci y o ladies esponding o he misogyny o men in socie y, especially cle gymen. In his w i en accoun o walking by he Hypoc isy S ee , Que edo (1627) desc ibed he mo al e ils o he ci ies o his ime. Re lec ion on ci ies om an emo ional poin o iew has been a cons an in he Wes e n wo ld and has highligh ed wha single opp essi e hough and p opaganda hide. The map o La Manada Ci y is explici ly de eloped in he a is ic, uni e si y, and an i- women sphe es bu also ope a es, as we shall see, a diffe en le els ( om he au og aphical o he communi y, local, and global). We will ace he pa h om he use o he language o he conclusions abou he alue o his a wo k as a means o su i ing in a hos ile en i onmen . In p e ious wo ks, one o he au ho s has documen ed he Dia y o Inciden s, a ool o psychological and legal use in case o g oup ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). They can be conside ed he o iginal s a ing poin o he li e a y p ocess o Inma la Inmunda. We will in es iga e he men al p ocesses unde lying he c ea i e labou in La Manada Ci y. Be o e p oceeding, i is essen ial o examine he con ex behind he c ea ion o his map. Figu e 1. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each). Ho izon al layou . Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s u ed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. This a wo k is i al because i p esen s di e en le els o eading ha illus a e he p oblem o iolence in a ci y. Fu he mo e, gi en he e bal dimension o his pic o ial wo k in he o m o a map, i seems pi o al o ca y ou a linguis ic and li e a y analysis o he clues abou he ci y o iolence ha we see ep esen ed in La Manada Ci y. Howe e , due o he map’s ea u es, which could be ex ended inde ini ely, inding mo e linguis ic da a in u u e pieces could be possible. Li e a u e has nume ous an eceden s o desc ip ions o ci ies om an emo ional poin o iew and om he injus ices ha occu in he wo ld and, he e o e, in ci ies. Fo example, in he 15 h cen u y, Ch is ine de Pizán (de Pizán and Lema chand [1405] 2022) c ea ed a ci y o ladies esponding o he misogyny o men in socie y, especially cle gymen. In his w i en accoun o walking by he Hypoc isy S ee , Que edo (1627) desc ibed he mo al e ils o he ci ies o his ime. Re lec ion on ci ies om an emo ional poin o iew has been a cons an in he Wes e n wo ld and has highligh ed wha single opp essi e hough and p opaganda hide. The map o La Manada Ci y is explici ly de eloped in he a is ic, uni e si y, and an i- women sphe es bu also ope a es, as we shall see, a di e en le els ( om he au og aphical o he communi y, local, and global). We will ace he pa h om he use o he language o he conclusions abou he alue o his a wo k as a means o su i ing in a hos ile en i onmen . In p e ious wo ks, one o he au ho s has documen ed he Dia y o Inciden s, a ool o psychological and legal A s 2023,12, 115 3 o 20 use in case o g oup ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). They can be conside ed he o iginal s a ing poin o he li e a y p ocess o Inma la Inmunda. We will in es iga e he men al p ocesses unde lying he c ea i e labou in La Manada Ci y. Be o e p oceeding, i is essen ial o examine he con ex behind he c ea ion o his map. A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 o 21 Figu e 1. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each). Ho izon al layou . Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s uffed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. Figu e 2. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each). 4:3 disposi ion in wo ows. Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s uffed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. 2. Con ex The i s piece o he wo k, which includes i s i le, was showcased o he public in an exhibi ion ha s a ed on 10 Janua y 2019, so he concep da es back o 2018, wi h a ious e en s occu ing in Se ille and Spain igge ing he incep ion o La Manada Ci y. 1. The 400 h anni e sa y o he bi h o Se illian pain e Ba olomé Es eban Mu illo was celeb a ed wi h he Mu illo Yea e en , showcased bo h inside and ou side he ci y. The e en was a collabo a i e e o o a ious ins i u ions o b ing Ba oque pain ing close o ci izens and isi o s alike. Ou guiding h ead is “Mu illo’s inno a i e gaze,” which links his inno a i e con ibu ions o he mode n and cul u al capi al o he Se ille o oday, a benchma k o quali y ou ism and a g ea u ban a galle y ha seamlessly in e wines his o y and inno a ion, pas , and p esen (Mu illo 2018). The pain e ’s wo k was no analyzed om a gende pe spec i e, no was i acknowledged how his p opagandis ic pain ing could nega i ely affec women and women pain e s. This is pa icula ly ele an when conside ing his isual ep esen a ion Figu e 2. La Manada Ci y, Commemo a i e map o he las ou cen u ies o Pa ia chy, by Inma la Inmunda. 2018–2021. Wo k in p og ess in a pain ing shape. Eigh pieces (100 × 150 cm each). 4:3 disposi ion in wo ows. Pill blis e s, exoskele ons o s u ed sea animals, pieces o me hac yla e, and o he objec s om ecycling. Ac ylics, lacs, and oil pain ing on wood. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. 2. Con ex The i s piece o he wo k, which includes i s i le, was showcased o he public in an exhibi ion ha s a ed on 10 Janua y 2019, so he concep da es back o 2018, wi h a ious e en s occu ing in Se ille and Spain igge ing he incep ion o La Manada Ci y. 1. The 400 h anni e sa y o he bi h o Se illian pain e Ba oloméEs eban Mu illo was celeb a ed wi h he Mu illo Yea e en , showcased bo h inside and ou side he ci y. The e en was a collabo a i e e o o a ious ins i u ions “ o b ing Ba oque pain ing close o ci izens and isi o s alike. Ou guiding h ead is “Mu illo’s inno a i e gaze,” which links his inno a i e con ibu ions o he mode n and cul u al capi al o he in e wines his o y and inno a ion, pas , and p esen ” (Mu illo 2018). The pain e ’s wo k was no analyzed om a gende pe spec i e, no was i acknowl- edged how his p opagandis ic pain ing could nega i ely a ec women and women pain e s. A s 2023,12, 115 4 o 20 This is pa icula ly ele an when conside ing his isual ep esen a ion o he Immacula e Concep ion o Ma y, which e en ually led o he Va ican’s accep ance o his dogma in 1854. The p oposal o Maculadas Sin Remedio (whe e he i s wo pieces o La Manada Ci y we e exhibi ed) was in ended o ill he oid ha had no been add essed ins i u ionally, highligh ing he impo ance o women’s ini ia i es in he a wo ld. In e es ingly, speci ic spaces in La Manada Ci y a e ma ked by pain ed e sions o hands ound in a ious wo ks by Mu illo. 2. Ap il 2018 was a key da e in which an impo an media and social deba e began. Tha mon h, he P o incial Cou o Na a a con ic ed i e agg esso s o sexual abuse. Du ing he San Fe mín es i al in Pamplona in 2016, a g oup o i e males b u ally aped a young woman in he doo way o a building. The cou decision aised he ala m and discussions abou consen , he igh o p i acy, he ideal o “ he good ic im,” he need o gende sensi iza ion o he judicia y, he good heal h o eminism, and he mobiliza ion o an i- eminism . . . This case ecei ed signi ican global a en ion and was e en a opic o discussion in he Eu opean Pa liamen . The UN Women’s Sexual Ha assmen Coo dina o , Puna Sen, c i icized he sen ence, s essing he impo ance o sa egua ding women’s igh s. Despi e his, a highe judicial au ho i y upheld he uling in Decembe 2018 (Sánchez-Ramos 2021), and he ongoing deba e con inues conce ning i s impac on Spanish law. Howe e , i is wo h no ing ha i was p ecisely in 2018 when Inma la Inmunda used he name “La Manada” o c ea e a pic o ial map o he ci y. Since he case a i ed in he media, he name “La Manada” has ca ied mul idimensional conno a ions ha ha e spa ked poli ical deba es in p e-elec ion pe iods and he app o al o laws a ec ing women’s igh s. None heless, using he name “La Manada” was i ing o he pain ing in 2018 since he i e a acke s in he case hailed om Se ille, which is a signi ican de ail . Inma la Inmunda had been b inging a en ion o inciden s o g oup iolence in he wo kplace, and 2018 ma ked he 10 h anni e sa y o he ounda ion o he Pla o m Agains Wo kplace Ha assmen and o Democ acy a he Uni e si y o Se ille. A e en yea s wi hou a is ic ou pu , Inma la Inmunda un eiled he ins alla ion In isibilizaciónin 2017. This ins alla ion inco po a ed pha maceu ical e idence o he ea men s she had aken o cope wi h a case o psychological ha assmen (Rod íguez-Cunill 2017). The name “La Manada” acqui ed a special signi icance in hose space- ime coo dina es: Se ille, 2018. Fu he mo e, he coope a ion be ween wol es wi hin a pack is mos appa en in he global image y du ing a hun . A wol pack may ail a he d o elk o o he la ge p ey o days be o e making i s inal mo e (assessing he he d, looking o signs o weakness, e c.). This idea mus ha e been in he imagina ion o he i e Se illian agg esso s o he gang ape case, who ga e hei Wha sapp g oup he name “La Manada” (The pack). As a ci y o iolence, Se ille is in he backg ound o he image y de eloped on he map we a e dealing wi h. 3. Too, he Se ille o 2018 was he p o agonis in he media o he judicial pe secu ion o h ee women who pa icipa ed on Labo Day (1 May 2014) in wha was called he pa ade o he “Insubmissi e Pussy” on behal o he “Guild o he Sac ed Rebellious Pussy and he Sac ed Bu ial o Social and Wo ke s’ Righ s” (Bu gen 2019). In i , he image o a plas ic agina was shown on a p ocessional pa ade, and humo ous lea le s abou women’s igh s and ly ics o singing songs we e handed ou a he demons a ion. A i s complain by he Spanish Associa ion o Ch is ian Lawye s, conside ing ha i was an a ack on he symbols o he Ca holic eligion, was iled in he i s ins ance (Re iejo 2019). Howe e , he judicial pe secu ion con inued o e he yea s, ocused on eminis ac i is s in he Se illian en i onmen . The ex o “Anno Mu illo, pa ia chal unde wo ld” (La Inmunda 2017) alludes o he pe secu ed eminis s; while in he same yea 2018, in suppo o eminis colleagues ha assed and o he ic ims o ha assmen known h ough he Pla o m agains ha assmen A s 2023,12, 115 5 o 20 a wo k and o Democ acy, she c ea es he pa icula Sac ed Pussy, bu his ime Insubmissi e o he glass ceiling a he Uni e si y o Se ille (Rod íguez-Cunill 2019). In sum, Inma la Inmunda’s a is ic silence was b oken wi h he elease o he wo k In isibilizaciónwhich showcased he ac i is dimension o he cha ac e . In addi ion, she collec ed a signi ican amoun o blis e packs o pills, mos ly om women, which became a pa o he la es wo k La Manada Ci y. This con ex ualiza ion was essen ial o highligh he a wo k’s li e a y complexi y. 3. Resul s Ou analysis ocuses on he linguis ic dynamics p esen in La Manada Ci y ega ding speci ic seman ic ields and he iden i ica ion and explana ion o li e a y de ices. In addi ion, an analysis o he a is ’s name, Inma la Inmunda, has been conduc ed, oo, o i s connec ion o he wo k. 3.1. Linguis ic Dynamics Acco ding o Seman ic Fields Analysing s ee s, monumen s, squa es, si es o in e es , e c., has yielded nume ous esul s. Fi s , we es ablished key ques ions o in e which ques ions he names pain ed on he map migh answe . This p o ided us wi h a whole se o 10 e minology clus e s ha e eal a way o hinking abou iolence, o which he names o s ee s and o he si es o in e es a e a esponse (Table 1). Th ough his able, we did conclude ele an aspec s abou he mind ha c ea ed his iolence map. I may be one o he mos in iguing ai s o he isi o / eade o he La Manada Ci y map since conno a ions a e p esen in he dynamics o ecep ion, and eading gi es alue o he s eng h o his map, which, as we ha e said, is based on he objec i e o making concealed iolence isible. Indeed, we obse e some gene al ends ha e eal a s uc u ed hough since he s ee s, oads, monumen s, e c., espond o he key ques ions, we deduced om he seman- ic ields inally de ined in poin s 1 o 10. The e o e, we unde s and his pic o ial wo k as a es imony and s udy o a b oad spec um o ha assmen om he au obiog aphical expe ience o iolence agains he plane . In he au obiog aphical aspec s, we ha e poin ed ou local e e ences (g oup 7). Fo ex- ample, he pa allelism be ween he Pan heon o Illus ious Manadians cons i u es a eiled e e ence o he Facul y o Fine A s in Se ille whose basemen s house he Pan heon o Illus- ious Se illians. The local has much s eng h he e (no e 1 o Table 1) and au obiog aphical hough o he a is passed he Se illian academic pa h. The in o ma ion p o ided in Table 1, which shows connec ions be ween key ques ions o La Manada Ci y and he a is , seman ic ields, and pa icula cases (names) p esen in he map, e eals his a wo k’s communica ional solid dimension. Linguis ically i is so imp essi e ha he isual aspec s will ha e o be analysed in ano he a icle. Among he seman ic ields b oken down in Table 1, some o hem show speci ic pedagogical in en ions, as hey a e “connec o s wi h eali y” such as he e minology ela ed o c iminal ac s (abduc ion, mis ea men , o u e . . . ) in g oup 5, hose ha di ec us o he symp oms su e ed by he ic ims (g oup 6) and, he e o e, en e ing a ield o subjec i i y. In his sense, ano he le el o subjec i i y is es ablished when he na a o /a is becomes—in a ce ain way—a “judge” o hose guil y o iolence, and e ms loaded wi h nega i i y appea (g oup 4). This is no odd since, in he emo ional e ain, he ha assing g oups usually manage he collec i e indigna ion agains he wo kplace bullying a ge . This can be a esponse— he one elabo a ed by he a ge /a is — o ha iolence (Sain Ma in 2017). Mo e c yp ic elemen s indeed appea on he su ace o he map. Howe e , we mus conside ha while his map was being elabo a ed o make he hidden iolence isible, i also in ol ed a isk o he au ho , hence, he decision o w i e he names o he s ee s and monumen s in English a he han Spanish. A s 2023,12, 115 6 o 20 Table 1. Linguis ic dynamics acco ding o seman ic ields (which a e also spa ial since hey indica e places on he map). Numbe Seman ic Field Key Ques ion Cases on he Map 1 The e minology used by he powe How would Pa ia chy e e o i sel ? Wi hin his sec ion, we ind o he close a ian s which we b eak down in poin s 2 and 3. T easu y o he Dow y. Wo ld Mankind He i age. Unanimi y Ci cle Blind Eyewi nesses A enue Penis En y S ee O e alua ion o Vic ims A enue 2 Names o spaces ha hono he agg esso s, iolen people, o pe pe a o s o c imes Wha places can pay homage o ou bes specimens? Pa ia chy said. Ego Monumen Esplanade o T iumph o e Women G ea Ten o Indoc ina ion 3 Te ms abou owne ship, belonging, o membe ship (e en o abs ac en i ies) How does he Pa ia chy show i s idea ha eali y and he in e p e a ion o eali y belong o Pa ia chy i sel ? Palace o Ou Jus ice Te ace Se ice o Ou Equali y Pa h o Ou T u h Sain Sel ish Ra ine Checkpoin San Pa amíSpo Sigh 4The e minology desc ibing pa ia chal powe om ou side o i How would someone who opposes pa ia chal powe e e o spaces buil om pa ia chal p inciples? This ques ion can be answe ed wi h e minology ha includes insul s o some imes shows a isce al posi ion Wickedness S ee T icks e S ee Way o Sys emic Violence Ass-kisse Ci cle Thicke o In e es s A enue 5C iminal Ac s Te minology and Abuse S a egies Which poin s on he map show c imes, majo o enses, and misdemeanou s? Abduc ion S ee Gla ing Omission S ee G oup Heis S ee Mis ea men A enue To u e S ee 6Te ms ela ed o physical and emo ional damage Wha does he ic im o iolence su e om? Labo ed B ea hing A enue The Uneasiness. Housing Es a e Suicide Apo heosis Cen e Sleeplessness S ee Dep ession Alley Anxioly ics S ee Accumula ed Fa igue S ee Boule a d o An idep essan s The Nausea. Shan y Town 7Te ms wi h local e e ences (and au ho biog aphy e e ences) In which ecognizable places ha e expe iences o iolence by he au ho occu ed? Pan heon o Illus ious Manadians 1 E il A s Facul y Rec o a o he Uni e si y o he Docks 8 Te ms wi h ecological e e ences o ha desc ibe a le el o global, plane a y iolence. Wi hin his sec ion, he e ms ela ed o he expe ience o pandemics a e included ( hey belong o he las quad an s ca ied ou ) A sonis o Mo he Ea h A enue Global Conscience Dump Bo anical Ga den o Plas ic Plan s Swamp o Ex e mina ion (Biosphe e Rese e) Model o he Con inemen . Si e o Global In e es Pandemics Time 9Te minology ela ed o dea h and ansi ion o dea h Slow Dea h S ee Scy he Ride Bu ial S ee Nec opolis o Rage Unde Con ol Co ido o Induced Comma 10 Feminis o gende issue e minology Feminis s o Feminism Ghe o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k Biopoli ical Su eillance Indus ial Pa k Biological De e minism A enue Bike Lane o Gende Bina ism Mic omachism Labo a o y Pa ia chal Sys em Se ing Cen al 1 Local e e ence o Se ille. The e is a Pan heon o Illus ious Spanish Men in Mad id, bu i s name does no speci y he ci y o o igin o hese Illus ious Men. The e is also a Pan heon o Illus ious Galicians (a egion, a mo e comp ehensi e ex ension han a ci y o p o ince) and a Pan heon o Illus ious Ma ine s in San Fe nando (in his case, he common denomina o is he p o ession). In his cons uc ion, we canno deny hei g andeu p e ensions, he a chi ec u al ecogni ion o hose who changed he His o y, o hose who we e i s p o agonis s. The e e ence o Se ille and i s Pan heon o Illus ious Se illians, closely linked o he ci y and he Facul y o Fine A s, is e iden (Almodo a -Melendo e al. 2018). I is he only Pan heon in Spain whe e he equi emen o being selec ed is o be bo n in a ci y. A s 2023,12, 115 7 o 20 The pedagogical in en ion is also e ealed h ough he e minology es ablished om he pa ia chal powe (g oups 1, 2, 3). I se es o de ec hese language aps, now insinua ed c ea i ely. Thus, as we said be o e, g oup 4 seems o be a esponse om ou side he pa ia chal powe and g oup 10 add esses eminis e minology. In addi ion, some s ee s’ eno mously sad and pessimis ic aspec s ma e ialized in he ull iolence o dea h and i s ansi ion (g oup 9). I becomes mo e gene al looking a he plane ’s u u e (g oup 8), including some no es on he ecen pandemic. Finally, he Global Conscience Dump, he A sonis o Mo he Ea h A enue, o he Swamp o Ex e mina ion lead us o he au ho ’s saddes and mos gene alizing hinking. 3.2. Li e a y De ices Li e a y de ices p o ide us wi h emo ional e ec s wi h a is ic quali ies beyond he li e alness o walls, pa e s, and sidewalks. The me apho s a e epea ed in a ia ions along he s ee s. The s uc u es a e all me apho s ( he s ee o . . . implies an iden i ica ion, as i is no “ he s ee o cobbles ones”). The li e a y de ices a e echniques o guidance in how o ead he s ee guide and he pain ing. Due o hei quali y o connec ion, hese li e a y de ices lead us o a eading o he map beyond he s ones o walls o he ci y o he iolence. These li e a y de ices lead he eade in o an a is ic uni e se. Reali y does no appea as i is, bu we eel i (Table 2). Conside ing he examples on he map, he Me apho s o su eal esonances (g oup 1) lead us o spaces whe e each name could be a pain ing o poem i le. Thanks o he epe i ion (g oup 2), in he G ea G and-G and P incipal, we a e e e ed o he idea o inb eeding, o nepo ism, an issue ha appea s in o he a eas o he map. Howe e , he epe i ion o he oo s o he wo i s nouns in he Feminis o Feminism Ghe o e e s o he idea o au hen ici y. On he o he hand, he i ony o he Feminis o Pa ia chy Pa k (Figu e 3) (in g oup 5) leads us o alsehood and be ayal by including wo opposi es. Table 2. Li e a y de ices lead he isi o – eade ecep o o an emo ional uni e se. Numbe Li e a y De ices Commen s Examples in he Map 1 Me apho s o su eal esonances The su eal esonances some imes lead o links be ween emo ional e ms and physical de ices, he abs ac , and he conc e e. They sha e aspec s wi h o he s ylis ic esou ces as he an i hesis. Mechanical Ballad Ci cle Mic osca e S ee Lib a y o Limi ing Belie s Memo y Sh ine Decisions Dock E idence C ushe S ee 1 2 Repe i ions Wha places can pay homage o ou bes specimens? Pa ia chy said. G ea G and–G and P incipal Te ace Feminis s o Feminism Ghe o 3 Idioms and modi ied idioms Mos cases show combina ions o adjec i es and nouns o e e o a Monumen , way, ins i u ion, e c. Hollow P omise S ee Recu ing In ingemen S ee Bla an Injus ice A enue Clampdown S ee Co ido o Whi ened Sepulche s Fake News S ee False F iends Academy 4 An i hesis The opposi e wo ds a e mo e disco dan and p o oke sensa ions o oddness, s angeness, o eiled h ea . Pan heon o Tu bid P aise Mu e Tongue Alley Dea Complain A enue Disbelie Audi o ium Emp y Changes Lane False Sympa hy S ee E il A s Facul y Glass-ceiling oad A s 2023,12, 115 8 o 20 Table 2. Con . Numbe Li e a y De ices Commen s Examples in he Map 5 I ony P e ended Tea s Reco e y Cen e Psychosocial Risk P omo ion Se ice Dys opian P esen S ee Domes ica ion Palace A enue Elemen a y School o Illusion o Democ acy Feminis o Pa ia chy Pa k G-s ing Laby in h 6 Pe soni ica ion Di e en s ee s, monumen s, and spo s ac as pe sons o ha e sen imen s. Calumny E ase Building P eda o Valley Clien elis ic Ne wo k Building Decisions Dock Wo Be ide You A ch T eache y S ee T ai o Silence S ee 1 This s ee appea s wi h wo di e en names in he 2021 egis e ed ca alog. The e o e, we ha e shown he ac ual name on he map. A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 o 21 Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How- e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium. The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a Psychosocial Risk Se ice is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice p omo es hem ins ead o p e en ing hem: Psychological Risk P omo ing Se ice (Figu e 4a), o we a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended (Figu e 4b). (a) (b) Figu e 4. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; (b) P e ended Tea s Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a school, democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b). Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How- e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium. The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a Psychosocial Risk Se ice (Figu e 4a) is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice p omo es hem ins ead o p e en ing hem, o we a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended (Figu e 4b). In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a school, democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b). A s 2023,12, 115 9 o 20 A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 o 21 Figu e 3. De ail o signals o Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. The idioms and se ph ases subme ge he eade in a habi ual hinking p ocess. How- e e , i modi ied, he sense o unce ain y, ins abili y, and unease becomes mo e acu e and is p ojec ed o he eade / iewe (g oup 3). The eeling o s angeness o eiled h ea also happens in an i heses such as Mu e Tongue Alley o Disbelie Audi o ium. The opposi ion in he conno a ions o he e ms used ( o example, in g oup 5) is also di ec ed o unde s and ha a said concep is con a y o wha i seems. Fo ins ance, a Psychosocial Risk Se ice is no going o p o ec us om he isks i his Se ice p omo es hem ins ead o p e en ing hem: Psychological Risk P omo ing Se ice (Figu e 4a), o we a e no going o eco e as pa ien s in a cen e o ea s i hese ea s a e aked, p e ended (Figu e 4b). (a) (b) Figu e 4. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; (b) P e ended Tea s Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. In Dys opian P esen S ee , we ha e o unde s and ha Dys opia (as U opia) is a ision o he u u e (Figu e 5a) bu in his case, i becomes p esen . Al e na i ely, in a school, democ a ic p inciples a e augh as an illusion (Figu e 5b). Figu e 4. De ails o La Manada Ci y ( a ) Psychological Risk P omo ion Se ice; ( b ) P e ended Tea s Reco e y Cen e . Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 o 21 (a) (b) Figu e 5. De ails o La Manada Ci y (a) Dys opian P esen S ee , nea he Pandemic Time ; (b) Ele- men a y School o Illusion o Democ acy. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. This s ylis ic esou ce leads us o a g ea e sense o u h because i connec s wi h he in elligence o he ecep o , making him/he a pa icipan o a sec e (wha is and does no seem o be, acco ding o G eimas and Cou és 1979). The semio ic squa e o e idic ion shows he con lic be ween being and seeming. In G eimassian modali ies, he sec e is bu does no seem o be, he alsehood is no bu seems o be, and he u h is and seems o be; meanwhile, he lie seems o be bu is no (G eimas and Cou és 1979). I we pa icipa e in a sec e , we will eel he u h mo e in ensi ely han he me e u h. In his emo ional accompanimen o he eade o he map, he pe soni ica ion (g oup 6) helps o ans e eelings because he s ee s a e con amina ed by human ac ions, such as a dock ha can make decisions o a building ha can e ase slande s. The uni e se o sensibili y accompanies he eading o his complex and o ce ul a wo k. Anand’s se - en h hesis comes ue: “The image is no jus he Visible, he Tex is no jus he Sayable” (Anand 2016). 3.3. A ound he Alli e a ion in Inma la Inmunda and Phone ic De ices As we said abo e, Inma la Inmunda is a egis e ed adema k used o wo k wi h aces o iolence (anonymous h ea ening messages, emains o pill blis e s packs, deni- g a ing epo s …) ep esen ed in a logo wi h a dung bee le ha models he de i us on he g ound in o a pe ec sphe e (Figu e 6). (a) (b) Figu e 6. Logos o Inma la Inmunda (a) The pseudonym as a egis e ed adema k. Sou ce: Spanish Pa en and T adema k Office M-3683422. Image a ailable a h ps://www.emp esia.es/dis in- i o/inma-la-inmunda/oepm/m-3683422/, accessed on 30 May 2023; (b) Signa u e on The Manada Ci y. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. Inma la Inmunda has been he signa u e o se e al o me wo ks, such as he 2017 audio-ins alla ion In isibiliza ion (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). The i s eco d o ac ions unde his a is ic name da es om 2015, in he p esen a ion o Inma la Inmunda and he Esquizos Figu e 5. De ails o La Manada Ci y ( a ) Dys opian P esen S ee , nea he Pandemic Time ; ( b ) Ele- men a y School o Illusion o Democ acy. Sou ce: Inma la Inmunda. This s ylis ic esou ce leads us o a g ea e sense o u h because i connec s wi h he in elligence o he ecep o , making him/he a pa icipan o a sec e (wha is and does no seem o be, acco ding o G eimas and Cou és 1979). The semio ic squa e o e idic ion shows he con lic be ween being and seeming. In G eimassian modali ies, he sec e is bu does no seem o be, he alsehood is no bu seems o be, and he u h is and seems o be; meanwhile, he lie seems o be bu is no (G eimas and Cou és 1979). I we pa icipa e in a sec e , we will eel he u h mo e in ensi ely han he me e u h. In his emo ional accompanimen o he eade o he map, he pe soni ica ion (g oup 6) helps o ans e eelings because he s ee s a e con amina ed by human ac ions, such as a dock ha can make decisions o a building ha can e ase slande s. The uni e se o sensibili y accompanies he eading o his complex and o ce ul a wo k. Anand’s se en h hesis comes ue: “The image is no jus he Visible, he Tex is no jus he Sayable” (Anand 2016). 3.3. A ound he Alli e a ion in Inma la Inmunda and Phone ic De ices As we said abo e, Inma la Inmunda is a egis e ed adema k used o wo k wi h aces o iolence (anonymous h ea ening messages, emains o pill blis e s packs, denig a ing epo s . . . ) ep esen ed in a logo wi h a dung bee le ha models he de i us on he g ound in o a pe ec sphe e (Figu e 6). Inma la Inmunda has been he signa u e o se e al o me wo ks, such as he 2017 audio-ins alla ion In isibiliza ion (Rod íguez-Cunill 2021). The i s eco d o ac ions unde his a is ic name da es om 2015, in he p esen a ion o Inma la Inmunda and he Esquizos A s 2023,12, 115 16 o 20 he eade wi h wo d games and li e a y de ices, insinua ing mo e han explici ly showing, and making he ecei e eel mo e in elligen han when simply eading a s ee map o o ien himsel in a ci y. So a , we ha e e alua ed ou map in compa ison o ano he based on empo al simul- anei y. Howe e , ano he ou is map o London om 1914 (Figu e 9) is geog aphically and empo ally dis an . Wi h i s a is ically ea ed su ace con aining poems and e bal commen s, his map lacks he ca og aphic accu acy ound in o he maps. Despi e lacking c i ical analysis, his map has been a e e ence o o he cha ming ou is maps ea u ing a ious ci ies, which can be easily ound in sou eni s o es. While explo ing his ques ion could enhance ou s udy, i is essen ial o no e ha he wo maps we compa ed o La Manada Ci y ha e a s onge ela ionship wi h hei e e en , se ing as simple spa ial guides. In con as , Inma la Inmunda’s map has an emo ional ou e a he han a spa ial one. Re e - ences o he ci y o Se ille only appea h ough he li e aliza ion and loca ion o ha assmen expe iences documen ed on he map. This makes La Manada Ci y a anscenden wo k o unde s anding g oup iolence, dis ancing i om he local le el and b inging i close o he uni e sal. On he o he hand, se e al maps o he ci y o Se ille we e c ea ed h ough sen imen al, spi i ual, o eligious p ecep s, as he map o Se ille made om Feng-Shui p inciples, as we s udied in ou p e ious esea ch (Rod íguez-Cunill e al. 2021). A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 o 21 a ious ci ies, which can be easily ound in sou eni s o es. While explo ing his ques ion could enhance ou s udy, i is essen ial o no e ha he wo maps we compa ed o La Ma- nada Ci y ha e a s onge ela ionship wi h hei e e en , se ing as simple spa ial guides. In con as , Inma la Inmunda’s map has an emo ional ou e a he han a spa ial one. Re - e ences o he ci y o Se ille only appea h ough he li e aliza ion and loca ion o ha ass- men expe iences documen ed on he map. This makes La Manada Ci y a anscenden wo k o unde s anding g oup iolence, dis ancing i om he local le el and b inging i close o he uni e sal. On he o he hand, se e al maps o he ci y o Se ille we e c ea ed h ough sen imen al, spi i ual, o eligious p ecep s, as he map o Se ille made om Feng-Shui p inciples, as we s udied in ou p e ious esea ch (Rod íguez-Cunill e al. 2021). (a) (b) Figu e 9. Wonde g ound Map o London Town, by MacDonald Gill, Leslie. 1915. Sou ce: B i ish Lib a y (Maps 3485). (199). Public Domain. Wikipedia Commons: h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/Wonde - g ound_Map#/media/File:Wonde g ound_Map_o _London_Town.jpg, accessed on 30 May 2023. “Published in 1914, By Paying Us You Pennies—o he Wonde g ound Map o London Town, as his ca og aphic icon became known—p esen s a bi d’s eye iew o he capi al peopled wi h cha - ac e s om e e y walk o li e making whimsical quips o puns abou oad o place names: Men hu l hams in Hu lingham In Ea ls Cou  he Ea l’s caugh !’ A colou ul se pen has aken up esidence in he Se pen ine. Despi e i s che ons and he aldic bo de s, i clea ly p esen s a con empo a y po - ai o London wi h i s mo o ca s and B-Type buses and a s a e-o - he-a monoplane looping he loop in he skies abo e. P ess epo s o he ime claimed ha People spend so long looking a his map— hey miss hei ains ye go on smiling’ (Daily Ske ch, May 1914). Va ious e ail edi ions we e published in he ollowing yea s, while map-make s ac oss he wo ld we e inspi ed o c ea e Won- de ’ maps o hei own ci ies including Melbou ne, Mexico Ci y and Ba celona”. 5. Conclusions and Las Ques ions Ou goal o highligh ing he li e a y aspec o he a wo k La Manada Ci y and p o- mo e i as a ool o su i al and esis ance agains pa ia chy and alse ideologies ha , despi e claiming o oppose i , ul ima ely pe pe ua e inequali y. We s a ed o de ing he names gi en o he places on he map, leading o u he ques ions ha could be explo ed. La Manada Ci y is a complex wo k ha ac s as an encyclopedia o iolence and should no be o e looked. Howe e , we ha e seen ha only wo o i s eigh pieces could be exhibi ed, highligh - ing ins i u ions’ difficul y in con on ing he inequali ies and injus ices depic ed in his a wo k. This a icle aims o b ing a en ion o his wo k, which equi es b a e y o dis- play, as powe o en shies away om con on ing uncom o able u hs. Figu e 9. Wonde g ound Map o London Town, by MacDonald Gill, Leslie. 1915. Sou ce: B i ish Li- b a y (Maps 3485). (199). Public Domain. Wikipedia Commons: h ps://en.wikipedia.o g/wiki/ Wonde g ound_Map#/media/File:Wonde g ound_Map_o _London_Town.jpg, accessed on 30 May 2023. “Published in 1914, By Paying Us You Pennies—o he Wonde g ound Map o London Town, as his ca og aphic icon became known—p esen s a bi d’s eye iew o he capi al peopled wi h cha ac e s om e e y walk o li e making whimsical quips o puns abou oad o place names: Men hu l hams in Hu lingham In Ea ls Cou ‘ he Ea l’s caugh !’ A colou ul se pen has aken up esidence in he Se pen ine. Despi e i s che ons and he aldic bo de s, i clea ly p esen s a con empo a y po ai o London wi h i s mo o ca s and B-Type buses and a s a e-o - he-a monoplane looping he loop in he skies abo e. P ess epo s o he ime claimed ha ‘People spend so long looking a his map— hey miss hei ains ye go on smiling’ (Daily Ske ch, May 1914). Va ious e ail edi ions we e published in he ollowing yea s, while map-make s ac oss he wo ld we e inspi ed o c ea e ‘Wonde ’ maps o hei own ci ies including Melbou ne, Mexico Ci y and Ba celona”. 5. Conclusions and Las Ques ions Ou goal was o highligh he li e a y aspec o he a wo k La Manada Ci y and p omo e i as a ool o su i al and esis ance agains pa ia chy and alse ideologies ha , despi e claiming o oppose i , ul ima ely pe pe ua e inequali y. We s a ed o de ing he A s 2023,12, 115 17 o 20 names gi en o he places on he map, leading o u he ques ions ha could be explo ed. La Manada Ci y is a complex wo k ha ac s as an encyclopedia o iolence and should no be o e looked. Howe e , we ha e seen ha only wo o i s eigh pieces could be exhibi ed, highligh - ing ins i u ions’ di icul y in con on ing he inequali ies and injus ices depic ed in his a wo k. This a icle aims o b ing a en ion o his wo k, which equi es b a e y o display, as powe o en shies away om con on ing uncom o able u hs. A e analyzing seman ic ields and li e a y de ices, we ha e disco e ed connec ions be ween ou map and Se ille. We ha e also ound he linguis ic o igin o many space names and hei ela ionship wi h Inma la Inmunda’s home own. Su ealis ic linguis ic elemen s we e also p esen . In conclusion, we ha e speci ic ques ions ha need o be add essed ega ding ou p ima y objec i e o highligh ing La Manada Ci y’s magni icen pic o ial-li e a y wo k. How is his wo k posi ioned wi hin he con ex o Spanish eminism? Some ime ago, we wonde ed whe he eminis w i ing exis ed in Spain a he end o he wen ie h cen u y (López-Cab ales 2014). The esul s a he ime we e con adic o y. Spanish women w i e s we e si ua ed be ween an a e sion o being labeled as ‘ eminis s’ (unde s ood hen as adical poli ics and e en lesbianism) and eeling ha , as women, hey had accomplished qui e a lo . Howe e , ac s such as he sp ead o sexual p eda o s in he s yle o La Manada ha e p o ed o be e ulsi e, no only o he eminis mo emen bu o he conc e e c ea ion o he s ee guide o La Manada Ci y. As we explained, La Manada e e ed o a well-known case o g oup iolence agains women commi ed by a g oup o men om Se ille agains a young woman du ing he San Fe mines es i i ies in Pamplona. They called hei Wha sApp g oup, whe e hey pos ed hei ape ideos, La Manada. E en ually, i was ound ha he c imes commi ed in Pamplona had also occu ed in o he pa s o Spain. Women’s eac ions o his case, om eminis ac i ism o a i ism, ha e been nume ous. As a li e a y wo k, he s ee map o La Manada Ci y is a poe ic jou ney ha sinks i s ee in encyclopedic eage ness ( e y masculine) and su ealism (as a way o o e come he expe ience o ha assmen ). In e sec ed by he ac o being a woman, o no ha ing been bo n whe e he ha- assmen ook place, o de eloping he a is ic and p o essional wo k in a pa ia chal en i onmen , he wo k o Inma La Inmunda is a unique p oduc ha dese es mo e e- sea ch (such as he meaning o gold in he a wo k, no as a subsidy o powe , bu as a sub e sion, a p ac ical alliance wi h o he mino i ies on he plane who ha e wi hin hei each shiny disca ded objec s ha , al hough no composed o his p ecious me al, b ing ou a discou se o luxu y in po e y, sca ci y, and p eca iousness). Wha a e he u u e possibili ies o his wo k in p og ess since i mani es s a dynamic o concealmen ? We ha e escued a wo k ha is no exhibi ed in i s en i e y and ha deals wi h such p oblema ic issues o he en i onmen whe e i was bo n ha i has complica ed exhibi ion possibili ies. Howe e , his does no p e en us om ecognizing a comple ely new exp ession ha ewo ks pas issues and denounces and seeks beau y in an en i onmen o iolence. Ce ain co espondences wi h eali y seem o be ound on he map, bu hey a e c yp ically es ablished as i he au ho was p o ec ing he sel . This is he same p o ec i e e ec as he apo opaic elemen s, whose linguis ic o ms use s ylis ic de ices such as pe iph asis o puns o e ade he dange om he ou side. On he o he hand, we suspec ha speci ic names w i en on he map may hide agen s o he gang o ha assmen , a ques ion ha , in some in e iews, he au ho has insinua ed wi h he case o he name Angels (Ha assing Angels Chapel). E en on he isual le el, he e a e po ai s o possible s alke s ha canno be ecognized ( he ac o acknowledging hem could be a menace o he a is ) and o he o ms o human membe s ha gi e us clues o a mo e han uncom o able eali y: his happens in he phallic S ained-Mou h P ick Memo ial o hose minia u e blu ed po ai s o he Feminis s o Pa ia chy Pa k label (Figu e 3). A s 2023,12, 115 18 o 20 Wha a e he u u e possibili ies o his wo k in p og ess since i mani es s an ou - wa d dynamic? Each o he spaces on his map may con ain he ge m o mo e wo ks ( he i les o he s ee s and o he poin s hin a he possibili y o new c ea ions in he manne o an analogical hype ex ). We a e con inced ha La Manada Ci y is a model o maximalis p inciples applied o pain ing. The a is has epea edly demons a ed agains he au ho i a ianism “o Ikea” o minimalism wi h no hing o say. In addi ion, Inma la Inmunda has a lo o ell. Some oo many aspec s and nuances eme ge om he expe iences o g oup iolence main ained o e ime. On he o he hand, as we ha e seen, he map and he s ee map ha e an encyclopaedic ambi ion, so i is s ill a wo k in p og ess. Au ho Con ibu ions: Concep ualiza ion, I.R.-C.; me hodology, I.R.-C. and J.C.-L.; so wa e, I.R.-C. and J.C.-L.; o mal analysis, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; in es iga ion, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; esou ces, I.R.-C.; w i ing—o iginal d a p epa a ion, I.R.-C.; w i ing— e iew and edi ing, I.R.-C., J.C.-L. and. M.d.M.L.-C.; isualiza ion, I.R.-C.; supe ision, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; p ojec adminis a ion, I.R.-C.; unding acquisi ion, I.R.-C. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he published e sion o he manusc ip . Funding: This esea ch was unded by EU, Nex Gene a ionEU, h ough Minis e io de Uni e sidades and Uni e si y o Se ille, g an numbe 19994. A s 2023, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 19 o 21 iolence main ained o e ime. On he o he hand, as we ha e seen, he map and he s ee map ha e an encyclopaedic ambi ion, so i is s ill a wo k in p og ess. Au ho Con ibu ions: Concep ualiza ion, I.R.-C.; me hodology, I.R.-C. and J.C.-L.; so wa e, I.R.- C. and J.C.-L.; o mal analysis, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; in es iga ion, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; e- sou ces, I.R.-C.; w i ing—o iginal d a p epa a ion, I.R.-C.; w i ing— e iew and edi ing, I.R.-C., J.C.-L. and. M.d.M.L.-C.; isualiza ion, I.R.-C.; supe ision, I.R.-C. and M.d.M.L.-C.; p ojec admin- is a ion, I.R.-C.; unding acquisi ion, I.R.-C. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he published e - sion o he manusc ip . Funding: This esea ch was unded by EU, Nex Gene a ionEU, h ough Minis e io de Uni e - sidades and Uni e si y o Se ille, g an numbe 19994. Da a A ailabili y S a emen : No applicable. Acknowledgmen s: Au ho s app ecia e he wisdom and expe ience o Ai o Lanja in-Encina and he Depa men o A and A His o y o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he help and gene osi y o Jona han Ca lyon, Chai o he Depa men o Languages, Li e a u es and Cul u es o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he open-mindedness and efficacy o E in Tomkins (In e na ional S uden and Schola Se ices o CSU), and G e chen Za le-Ligh oo (assis an o he edi o o Con luencia, Re is a Hispánica de Cul u a y Li e a u a). Mo eo e , we would like o highligh he ex ao dina y assis ance o he In e na ional Women’s Club o Fo Collins In e na ional Cen e , especially om Sa a Hun . We canno o ge he expe ise and kindness o Ka en Smi h (English eache a Fo Collins In e - na ional Cen e ) and ou deep lo e o he ou s anding ELS ins uc o And ea Heyman. In addi ion, we hank he ca e ul and gene ous wo k o he F on Range Communi y College s aff in Fo Collins. Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic s o in e es . No es 1. The li e a y echnique o alli e a ion is equen ly employed in su ealism and dadaism. Howe e , i is wo h no ing ha pos is poe Ca los Edmundo de O y also hea ily u ilizes his echnique. Inma la Inmunda, who knew de O y in pe son, d ew inspi- a ion om his phone ic games and inco po a ed hem in o he a is ic c ea ions. Un o una ely, he phone ic quali ies o de O y’s poem “Fonemo amas” canno be ully con eyed in an English ansla ion. The Spanish i le alone unde sco es i s phone ic signi icance: “Si can o soy un can ueso/Si leo soy un león/Si emano soy una mano/Si amo soy un amasijo/Si lucho soy un se ucho/Si como soy como soy soy/Si io soy un ío de isa/Si due mo en e mo de do mi /Si umo me umo has a el humo/Si hablo me escucha el diablo/Si mien o me in en o una e dad/Si me hundo me Ca los Edmundo.” (“I I sing, I am a can ueso/I I ead, I am a lion/I I emana e, I am a hand/I I lo e, I am a angle/I I igh , I am a saw/I I ea , I am wha I ea /I I laugh, I am a i e o laugh e /I I sleep, I am sick o sleeping/I I smoke, I smoke un il he smoke/I I speak, he de il lis ens/I I lie, I in en a u h/I I sink, I am Ca los Edmundo”). 2. Gi ondo’s poem en i led “Se illano” shows his eali y o i es ha may seem su eal i you a e no amilia wi h he ci y o Se ille. “Se illano”/In he a ium: a e i able ga he ing o blind men, e en wi h a badge, a pack o child en, ba king o a bi ch/ The chu ch is e ige a ed so ha he o i e offe ings o eyes and a ms do no mel .../Benea h hei s iff man les, i gins aise uby ea s. Some ha e pony ail hai . O he s wea hei hea s like a cushion o pins/A cowbell o keys pe mea es he gloom wi h a hea y sac is y odo . An ances al o angu an e i es in an old woman when she c osses he o ehead./And meanwhile, in on o he high al a , he women’s geni als lique y con empla ing a c uci ix ha bleeds om i s six y-six ibs, and he p ies chews a p aye as i i we e a “chewing gum.” T ansla ed in o English by Cabeza-Lainez. A ailable in Spanish a : h ps://www.poe icous.com/gi ondo/se illano?locale=es, accessed on 30 May 2023. 3. One was he con e ence “Once upon a ime ... POSTISM”, held in San Roque (Cádiz), om 15 o 17 July 1987. Re e ences (Almodo a -Melendo e al. 2018) Almodo a -Melendo, Jose-Manuel, Joseph-Ma ia Cabeza-Lainez, and Inmaculada Rod iguez- Cunill. 2018. Ligh ing Fea u es in His o ical Buildings: Scien i ic Analysis o he Chu ch o Sain Louis o he F enchmen in Se illa. Sus ainabili y 10: 3352. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/su10093352 (Anand 2016) Anand, Shaina. 2016. 10 Thesis on he A chi e. In Au onomous A chi ing. Edi ed by A ikişle Collec i e. Ba celona: dp - ba celona, pp. 79–94. A ailable online: h ps://monoskop.o g/images/c/cd/A ikisle _Collec i e_ed_Au onomous_A chi - ing_2016.pd (accessed on 30 May 2023). Da a A ailabili y S a emen : No applicable. Acknowledgmen s: Ou hea goes ou o he la e a is E a Guil Walls (a Dadais pionee in Se ille whose a is ic ajec o y was hidden while new gene a ions o Andalusian a is s pu he indings in o p ac ice); E a Guil Walls accompanied he ealiza ion o he i s wo pieces o La Manada Ci y and played a undamen al ole in he g oup exhibi ion Maculadas sin Remedio . Au ho s app ecia e he wisdom and expe ience o Ai o Lanja in-Encina and he Depa men o A and A His o y o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he help and gene osi y o Jona han Ca lyon, Chai o he Depa men o Languages, Li e a u es and Cul u es o he Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, he open-mindedness and e icacy o E in Tomkins (In e na ional S uden and Schola Se ices o CSU), and G e chen Za le- Ligh oo (assis an o he edi o o Con luencia, Re is a Hispánica de Cul u a y Li e a u a). Mo eo e , we would like o highligh he ex ao dina y assis ance o he In e na ional Women’s Club o Fo Collins In e na ional Cen e , especially om Sa a Hun . We canno o ge he expe ise and kindness o Ka en Smi h (English eache a Fo Collins In e na ional Cen e ) and ou deep lo e o he ou s anding ELS ins uc o And ea Heyman. In addi ion, we hank he ca e ul and gene ous wo k o he F on Range Communi y College s a in Fo Collins. Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic o in e es . No es 1 The li e a y echnique o alli e a ion is equen ly employed in su ealism and dadaism. Howe e , i is wo h no ing ha pos is poe Ca los Edmundo de O y also hea ily u ilizes his echnique. Inma la Inmunda, who knew de O y in pe son, d ew inspi a ion om his phone ic games and inco po a ed hem in o he a is ic c ea ions. Un o una ely, he phone ic quali ies o de O y’s poem “Fonemo amas” canno be ully con eyed in an English ansla ion. The Spanish i le alone unde sco es i s phone ic signi icance: “Si can o soy un can ueso/Si leo soy un león/Si emano soy una mano/Si amo soy un amasijo/Si lucho soy un se ucho/Si como soy como soy soy/Si io soy un ío de isa/Si due mo en e mo de do mi /Si umo me umo has a el humo/Si hablo me escucha el diablo/Si mien o me in en o una e dad/Si me hundo me Ca los Edmundo.” (“I I sing, I am a can ueso/I I ead, I am a lion/I I emana e, I am a hand/I I lo e, I am a angle/I I igh , I am a saw/I I ea , I am wha I ea /I I laugh, I am a i e o laugh e /I I sleep, I am sick o sleeping/I I smoke, I smoke un il he smoke/I I speak, he de il lis ens/I I lie, I in en a u h/I I sink, I am Ca los Edmundo”). 2 Gi ondo’s poem en i led “Se illano” shows his eali y o i es ha may seem su eal i you a e no amilia wi h he ci y o Se ille. “Se illano”/In he a ium: a e i able ga he ing o blind men, e en wi h a badge, a pack o child en, ba king o a bi ch/ The chu ch is e ige a ed so ha he o i e o e ings o eyes and a ms do no mel . . . /Benea h hei s i man les, A s 2023,12, 115 19 o 20 i gins aise uby ea s. Some ha e pony ail hai . O he s wea hei hea s like a cushion o pins/A cowbell o keys pe mea es he gloom wi h a hea y sac is y odo . An ances al o angu an e i es in an old woman when she c osses he o ehead./And meanwhile, in on o he high al a , he women’s geni als lique y con empla ing a c uci ix ha bleeds om i s six y-six ibs, and he p ies chews a p aye as i i we e a “chewing gum.” T ansla ed in o English by Cabeza-Lainez. A ailable in Spanish a : h ps://www.poe icous.com/gi ondo/se illano?locale=es, accessed on 30 May 2023. 3One was he con e ence “Once upon a ime . . . POSTISM”, held in San Roque (Cádiz), om 15 o 17 July 1987. Re e ences Almodo a -Melendo, Jose-Manuel, Joseph-Ma ia Cabeza-Lainez, and Inmaculada Rod iguez-Cunill. 2018. Ligh ing Fea u es in His o ical Buildings: Scien i ic Analysis o he Chu ch o Sain Louis o he F enchmen in Se illa. Sus ainabili y 10: 3352. [C ossRe ] Anand, Shaina. 2016. 10 Thesis on he A chi e. In Au onomous A chi ing. Edi ed by A iki¸sle Collec i e. 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