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1RWD/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHODVEDUUHUDVDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQHQRSLQLyQGHODHPSUHVDVHKDHVWDEOHFLGRFRQXQD
HVFDODGHVLQLPSRUWDQFLDDPXFKDLPSRUWDQFLD1 
7DEOD%DUUHUDVSRWHQFLDOHVDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOWHOHWUDEDMR
'LIHUHQFLDVGHEHQHILFLRV EDUUHUDV
8QD YH] REWHQLGRV ORV UHVXOWDGRV JOREDOHV VREUH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH ODV GLVWLQWDV YHQWDMDV 
GHVYHQWDMDV GHO WHOHWUDEDMR HQ ODV HPSUHVDV HQFXHVWDGDV VH KDQ DQDOL]DGR VL H[LVW DQ
GLIHUHQFLDVHQHVWDVYDORUDFLRQHVUHVSHFWRDFLHUWDVYDULDEOHVRUJDQL]DFLRQDOHVWDPDxRGHOD
HPSUHVDSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVHQODSURJUDPDFLyQGHWDUHDVJUDGRGHLQQRYDFLyQ
 H[LVWHQFLD GH IRUPDFLyQ HQ OD HPSUHVD /RV UHVXOWDGRV GH HVWH DQiOLVLV VH H[SOLFDQ D
FRQWLQXDFLyQ
7DPDxRGHHPSUHVD
3DUDDQDOL]DUODVGLIHUHQFLDVGHODVYDORUDFLRQHVGHOWHOHWUDEDMRHQODVHPSUHVDVUHVSHFWRDVX
WDPDxR VH ODV KD FODVLILFDGR HQ GRV JUXSRV VHJ~Q OD PHGLD GH OD PXHVWUD TXH HV GH 
HPSOHDGRV (Q FXDQWR D ORV EHQHILFLRV GHO WHOHWUDEDMR ~QLFDPHQWH VH KD HQFRQWUDGR XQD
GLIHUHQFLD VLJQLILFDWLYD OD GH OD UHGXFFLyQ GH FRVWHV ILMRV 7DEOD  /DV HPSUHVDV PiV
SHTXHxDVORKDQYDORUDGRPiVTXHODVHPSUHVDVJUDQGHV
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5HGXFFLyQGHFRVWHVILMRV
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6DQLGDG VHJXULGDG
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6HOHFFLyQGHORVWHOHWUDEDMDGRUHV
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GHHPSUHVD
(QFXDQWRDODVEDUUHUDVDODLQWURGXFFLyQ RLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOWHOHWUDEDMRHQODHPSUHVD
WDPELpQKDQVLGRODVHPSUHVDVPiVSHTXHxDVODVTXHOHVKDQGDGRPiVLPSRUWDQFLDTXHODV
HPSUHVDV JUDQGHV /D 7DEOD  UHODFLRQD WDPELpQ ODV GLIHUHQFLDV TXH KDQ UHVXOWDGR
VLJQLILFDWLYDV /RV UHVXOWDGRV LQGLFDQ TXH OD GLIHUHQFLD PiV VLJQLILFDWLYD VH GD HQ HO
GHVFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHOWHOHWUDEDMR GHVFRQRFLPLHQWRTXHUHVXOWDPD RUHQ
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ODVHPSUHVDVSHTXHxDVTXHHQODVJUDQGHV(QFXDQWRDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOWHOHWUDEDMRODV
HPSUHVDVPiVSHTXHxDVFRQVLGHUDQTXHOHVVHU DPiVGLI FLOVXSHUYLVDUODDFWLYLGDGODERUDO 
FRQWURODU OD SURGXFWLYLGDG TXH ODV HPSUHVDV JUDQGHV (VWH UHVXOWDGR UHVXOWD SRU XQD SDUWH
OyJLFRVLODVHPSUHVDVSHTXHxDVGLVSRQHQGHPHQRVUHFXUVRVGHJHVWLyQSHURSRURWUD HQOD
PHGLGDHQTXHODVHPSUHVDVSHTXHxDVSXHGHQWHQHUXQDPD RUIOH[LELOLGDGLQGLFDU DWDPELpQ
XQDSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHHOWHOHWUDEDMRUHGXMHVHH[FHVLYDPHQWHVXQ~FOHRFHQWUDO
ODVKLFLHVHPiVYXOQHUDEOHVDODSUHVLyQFRPSHWLWLYDGHOPHUFDGR
3DUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVHPSOHDGRVHQODSURJUDPDFLyQGHVXVWDUHDV
/DV HPSUHVDV HQ ODV TXH H[LVWH HVWD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ KDQ YDORUDGR QRUPDOPHQWH PiV ORV
EHQHILFLRV  PHQRVODVEDUUHUDVTXHODVHPSUHVDVHQODVTXHQRH[LVWHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORV
WUDEDMDGRUHV/DV~QLFDVGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDV7DEODVHGDQSDUDODVEDUUHUDVGHFRVWHV
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SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVHQODSURJUDPDFLyQGHVXVWDUHDV
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3DUDPHGLUHOJUDGRGHLQQRYDFLyQGHODHPSUHVDVHKDXWLOL]DGRFRPRYDULDEOHHOSRUFHQWDMH
GHOD IDFWXUDFLyQSURFHGHQWH GHODYHQWDGH SURGXFWRVFRQ PHQRVGH DxRV GH YLGDHQHO
PHUFDGR 6H KD FODVLILFDGR DV  D ODV HPSUHVDV HQ GRV JUXSRV FRQ EDMR R DOWR JUDGR GH
LQQRYDFLyQVHJ~QTXHGLFKRSRUFHQWDMHIXHVHLQIHULRURVXSHULRUHLJXDODOGHPHGLD
GHODPXHVWUD/RVUHVXOWDGRVLQGLFDQTXHODVHPSUHVDVPiVLQQRYDGRUDVKDQYDORUDGRPiVORV
EHQHILFLRV GHULYDGRV GHO WHOHWUDEDMR TXH ODV HPSUHVDV PHQRV LQQRYDGRUDV VLHQGR ODV
GLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDVODVTXHDSDUHFHQHQOD7DEOD
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,QFUHPHQWRGHODSURGXFWLYLGDGGHODHPSUHVD
5HGXFFLyQGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVDOWUDEDMR
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5HVLVWHQFLDDOFDPELRGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHWUDEDMR
&RQRFLPLHQWRLQVXILFLHQWHGHODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHOWHOHWUDEDMR
&RVWHVGHLQWURGXFFLyQDOWHOHWUDEDMR
3RVLELOLGDGGHDFFHVRDORVHTXLSRVGHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
5HVLVWHQFLDGHORVVLQGLFDWRV
5HVLVWHQFLDGHORVHPSOHDGRV
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'LILFXOWDGSDUDGLULJLUDORVWHOHWUDEDMDGRUHV
3UREOHPDVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ
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7DEOD'LIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDVHQODYDORUDFLyQGHORVEHQHILFLRV EDUUHUDVGHOWHOHWUDEDMRVHJ~QHOJUDGRGH
LQQRYDFLyQGHODHPSUHVD
7DPELpQLQGLFDQORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHODVHPSUHVDVPiVLQQRYDGRUDVVRQPiVFRQVFLHQWHVGHODV
GLILFXOWDGHV GH LQWURGXFFLyQ GHO WHOHWUDEDMR HQ OD PHGLGD TXH pVWH VXSRQH XQ FDPELR H
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GLILFXOWDGHV TXH SODQWHD XQ FDPELR RUJDQL]DWLYR FRPR HO GHO WHOHWUDEDMR  TXH SRU GLFKR
PRWLYR WDPELpQ ODV KDFH YDORUDU HQ PD RU PHGLGD D OD UHVLVWHQFLD TXH VH SUHVHQWH FRPR
FRQVHFXHQFLDGHORVFDPELRVTXHVHDQQHFHVDULRVHQORVPpWRGRVGHWUDEDMRSDUDLPSOHPHQWDU
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GHOWHOHWUDEDMR7DEOD/DVHPSUHVDVFRQSURJUDPDVGHIRUPDFLyQKDQLQGLFDGRXQDPHQRU
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HPSOHDGRV GHODGLILFXOWDGSDUDGLULJLUDORVWHOHWUDEDMDGRUHV(OKHFKRGHTXHODVHPSUHVDV
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HPSOHDGRVTXHHQHOUHVWRFRLQFLGHFRQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWXGLRVHQORVTXHVHHYLGHQFLDTXH
OD IRUPDFLyQ D XGD D YHQFHU OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH ORV WUDEDMDGRUHV DQWH OD LQFHUWLGXPEUH GHO
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5HVLVWHQFLDDOFDPELRGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVGHWUDEDMR
3RVLELOLGDGGHDFFHVRDORVHTXLSRVGHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
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