Documentation of the EVENT-HMMS Experiment 2012 – Microclimatological effects of rain-out shelters within EVENT II

UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH Department of Micrometeorology Documentation of the EVENT-HMMS Experiment 2012 – Microclimatological effects of rain-out shelters within EVENT II Wolfgang Babel, Carsten Schaller, Rafael Eigenmann, Thomas Foken, Jörg Hübner, Anke Jentsch, Jürgen Kreyling, Fahmida Sultana and Peng Zhao Arbeitsergebnisse Nr. 55 Bayreuth, Juni 2013 2 Arbeitsergebnisse, Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie, Print, ISSN 1614-8916 Arbeitsergebnisse, Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie, Internet, ISSN 1614-8924 http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/opus4-ubbayreuth/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/series/id/1 Eigenverlag: Universität Bayreuth, Abt. Mikrometeorologie Vervielfältigung: Druckerei der Universität Bayreuth Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Thomas Foken Universität Bayreuth, Abteilung Mikrometeorologie D-95440 Bayreuth Die Verantwortung über den Inhalt liegt beim Autor. 3 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1. EVENT II ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2. EVENT-HMMS .............................................................................................. 4 1.3. Objectives of this report .................................................................................. 5 2. Experimental setup of EVENT-HMMS ................................................................. 6 2.1. Site description ................................................................................................ 6 2.2. Set up ............................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Treatments of EVENT II ................................................................................. 8 2.4. Synoptic situation and weather maps ............................................................ 10 3. Phytometer measurements .................................................................................... 12 4. HMMS measurements .......................................................................................... 14 5. Eddy-covariance measurements ........................................................................... 16 5.1. The Eddy-covariance complex ...................................................................... 16 5.2. Data acquisition ............................................................................................. 19 5.2.1. Data flow ................................................................................................ 19 5.2.2. LI-7500 Settings..................................................................................... 19 5.2.3. USA-1 Settings ...................................................................................... 20 5.2.4. Amplifier Setting ................................................................................... 20 5.2.5. Raw Data Format ................................................................................... 20 5.3. Footprint and fetch analysis .......................................................................... 21 6. Bowen ratio mast, radiation and soil measurements ............................................ 23 7. Data archive .......................................................................................................... 26 7.1. Synoptic situation .......................................................................................... 26 7.2. HMMS data ................................................................................................... 26 7.3. Eddy-covariance data .................................................................................... 27 7.4. BR, radiation, and soil data ........................................................................... 28 8. Literature .............................................................................................................. 29 A. Daily precipitation on the different treatments ................................................. 31 B. Logger set up for BR and radiation complex .................................................... 34 C. General synopsis analysis by the German Weather Service ............................. 38 4 1. Introduction 1.1. EVENT II EVENT II is a part of a series of field experiments in the Ecological Botanical Garden of the University of Bayreuth (49°55’19”N, 11°34’55”E, 365 m a.s.l.) termed the “EVENT Experiments” with international and interdisciplinary research cooperations (Jentsch et al. 2007, Jentsch and Beierkuhnlein 2010). The aim of the EVENT II experiment is to test the effects of intra-annual precipitation variability in interaction with land use schemes (Jentsch & Kreyling; DFG: JE 282/61), winter or summer warming (Beierkuhnlein & Kreyling; Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit: ZKL01Abt7_18456), or winter rainfall addition (Jentsch; FORKAST TP8) on ecosystem performance. This experiment is set up in a semi-natural meadow and is running since 2008. Experimental manipulations in natural systems require long time-series to be analyzed as changes in the community composition are relevant here. First analyses show that enhanced rainfall variability reduces mid-summer productivity and leaf nitrogen and protein concentrations of target species, and the reduction in mid-summer productivity reduced aboveground net primary productivity by 15 % (Walter et al., 2012). Furthermore, litter decomposition decreases with increasing summer precipitation variability (Walter et al., 2013). 1.2. EVENT-HMMS The EVENT-HMMS experiment has been carried out in 2012 within the EVENT II experiment. It aims at a spatially and temporally detailed quantification of the microclimate within and outside rain-out shelters used in EVENT II by a horizontal meteorological measuring system (HMMS) connected to an eddy-covariance complex. The temporal scale enables the comparison of artefacts during different general weather conditions. Furthermore, phytometers have been used to quantify the effect of contrasting general weather conditions on the built-up of drought stress for plants. See Figure 1 for an impression of the field site. 5 Figure 1 The horizontal meteorological measuring system (HMMS, measuring path is identifiable by the railway track) within the experiment area of EVENT II (Photo: Carsten Schaller, taken from Schaller, 2012) 1.3. Objectives of this report The objective of this report is to describe and document the measurements made within the EVENT-HMMS experiment 2012. 6 2. Experimental setup of EVENT-HMMS 2.1. Site description Location: Ecological-Botanical Garden, University of Bayreuth, Germany (49°55’19”N, 11°34’55”E, 365 m a.s.l.). Climate: The regional climate is temperate and moderately continental, with a mean annual temperature of 7.9 °C (1971–2000). The mean annual precipitation of 724 mm (1971–2000) has a bimodal distribution with a major peak in June/July and a second peak in December/January (data: Ecological-Botanical Garden, Univ. of Bayreuth, Germany: Foken 2003). Plant community: A semi-natural grassland which has not been ploughed for at least 25 years and not fertilized for more than 20 years prior to the installation of the experiment in 2008. Until the start of the EVENT II experiment, the meadow was mown twice a year for hay production. The semi-natural grassland community is dominated by tall grasses such as Alopecurus pratensis L. (meadow foxtail) and Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl (tall oat-grass) and belongs to the Galio molluginis-Alopecuretum pratensis Hundt (1954) 1968). Substrate: The soil of the experiment is classified as Gleysol (Glaser et al., 2013). The homogeneous, loamy Ap horizon (42% sand, 43% silt, 15% clay) has a depth of 30 cm followed by a clayey Bg horizon. The groundwater table drops to -1.5 to -2 m during summer and can reach up to -30 cm in winter and after longer rainfall periods. Main rooting zone is within the upper 15 cm, hardly any roots reach the B horizon. The mean pH of the topsoil is 4.1 (1 M KCl). Permanent wilting point is around 10 vol. % soil moisture content. 2.2. Set up In the early summer of 2012 the EVENT II experiment has been conducted together with the HMMS, an eddy-covariance (EC) complex, as well as additional measurements of standard meteorological variables above the respective grassland site. The location of all measurements can be seen in Figure 2. 7 Figure 2: Overview of the experiment area. EC: eddy-covariance complex; BR: Bowen ratio mast with standard meteorological measurements, nearby radiation measurements and soil measurement complex 8 2.3. Treatments of EVENT II Figure 3: Experimental design of the EVENT II-experiment. Here, we are mainly interested in the comparison between climate treatments with rain-out shelters (bold outline) and without rain-out shelters (thin outline). For details about the treatments of the blocks see Table 1, and for the sub-block treatments (N1-6) within each block see Table 2. Size of shelters: 5.5 m x 7.5 m. Figure 4: Experimental design of the HMMS path within EVENT II (black line). The yellow boxes indicate the treatments which were sheltered during the HMMS experiment; red and blue numbers indicate significant barcode positions (see Table Table 6) and the four dark blue arrows mark the positions of the fixed minimum thermometers. The sketch is modified from Schaller (2012). 10 m N4 N2 N6 N3N1N5 N1 N2 N5 N6N3N4 N2 N3 N5 N1N4N6 N1 N3 N2 N5N4N6 N3 N2 N1 N4N6N5 N1 N4 N3 N6N5N2 N5 N6 N4 N1N2N3 N5 N2 N6 N1N3N4 N1 N6 N4 N3N5N2 N1 N4 N5 N6N3N2 N6 N2 N5 N3N4N1 N5 N4 N1 N3N2N6 N2 N5 N1 N6N4N3 N4 N1 N3 N6 N2 N5 N6 N5 N3 N2N4N1 N3 N1 N4 N2N6N5 N6 N5 N4 N2N1N3 N5 N2 N3 N4N1N6 N2 N1 N6 N5N4N3 N5 N2 N3 N6N4N1 1 2 3 4 5 Repetition: EVENT II Code-System: Treatment – Nx – Repetition Example Plot Number 1: XX – N2 – 1 N2 N5 N4 N1N3N6 N4 N6 N2 N1N3N5 N4 N6 N2 N3N1N5 N2 N1 N6 N3N4N5 N1 N4 N6 N2N3N5 D1 D2 CA CM Drought 1 Drought 2 Ambient Control Weekly AUerage Treatments: XXD1 D2 CA CM Drought 1 Drought 2 Ambient Control Weekly AUerage Treatments: XX Ambient + Roof N1 2x mowed/year N2 2x mowed/year + winterrainr N3 2/4x mowed/year +fertilizer N4 4x mowed/year + winterrain N5 2x mowed/year + winter warming N6 2x mowed/year + summerwarming 210 30 38 60 80 73 99 92 115 147 72 7.5m 5.5m 9 The EVENT II-experiment is carried out in a two-factorial block design manipulating (1) the temporal precipitation variability over the growing season, and (2) the management intensity, temperature regime and winter precipitation sum as sub-block treatments (Figure 3, see Table 1 for treatment histories and treatments during the measurement campaign). The precipitation treatments consist of shelters, sized 5.5 m by 7.5 m, and separated from the surroundings by lateral barriers from +10 cm to -20 cm about 50 cm inside the shelters. An overview of the treatments is given in Table 1, the sub treatments are displayed in Table 2. Furthermore, the experimental design of the HMMS path within EVENT II is shown in Figure 4. Table 1 Overview of the temporal precipitation variability treatments (block level) applied at EVENT II before and during the measurement campaign in 2012 Year CA D1 D2 CM XX Medium Precipitation Variability (medVar) High Precipitation Variability with early drought (highVar early ) High Precipitation Variability with late drought (highVar late ) Low Precipitation Variability (lowVar), irrigated if N   N     ) Roof artefact Control 2008 Ambient precipitation Early drought 19.05. - 30.06. Late drought 26.06. - 08.08. weekly adjustment 01.04. - 05.09. Ambient precipitation 2009 Ambient precipitation + adjustment to CM four times per year Early drought 19.05. - 29.06. + adjustment to CM four times per year Late drought 30.06. - 10.08. + adjustment to CM four times per year weekly adjustment 01.04. - 30.09. Roof artefact control 19.05. - 29.06. + adjustment to CM four times per year 2010 Ambient precipitation + adjustment to CM four times per year Early drought 11.05. - 21.06. + adjustment to CM four times per year Late drought 22.06. - 02.08. + adjustment to CM four times per year weekly adjustment 01.04. - 30.09. Roof artefact control 11.05. - 21.06. + adjustment to CM four times per year 2011 Ambient precipitation + adjustment to CM four times per year Early drought 24.05. - 04.07. + adjustment to CM four times per year Late drought 05.07. - 15.08. + adjustment to CM four times per year weekly adjustment 01.04. - 30.09. Roof artefact control 24.05. - 04.07. + adjustment to CM four times per year 2012 Ambient precipitation + adjustment to CM four times per year Early drought 22.05. - 02.07. + adjustment to CM four times per year Late drought 03.07. - 13.08. + adjustment to CM four times per year weekly adjustment 01.04. - 30.09. Roof artefact control 22.05. - 02.07. + adjustment to CM four times per year The manipulations of the precipitation regime are realized by rain-out shelters (Hochtunnel, E & R Stolte GmbH, Germany, covered with a transparent plastic sheet: 0.2 mm polyethylene, SPR 5, Hermann Meyer KG, Germany) during the drought period of the High Precipitation Variability with early drought treatment (highVar early ) which included an extreme drought event of 1000-year local recurrence, i.e. 42 days without rainfall in May/June. Greenhouse effects due to rain-out shelters were minimized by having an 80 cm clearance between the roof and the ground, allowing for near-surface air exchange. During this time, identical rain-out shelters are set up 5. Eddycovariance 5.1. The Eddycovariance complex The turbulence fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 were measured on a mast equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer (USA Meteorologische Messtechnik H 2 O/CO 2 analyzer (LI7500, LI The measured parameters and measuring devices are listed with installation details in Table 7 . For more details of the installation, see connection between the devices and cables can be found in Further sensor specific ations are given for the USA sensor NR-LIT E from Campbell Scientific Ltd., the amplifier and the inclinometer are given in Zhao et al . (2011). Figure 7 Installation of the eddy Figure 8 Orientation of the eddy 16 covariance measurements covariance complex The turbulence fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 were measured on a mast equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer (USA Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Germany) and a fastresponse open 7500, LI - COR Inc., USA) at a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. The measured parameters and measuring devices are listed with installation details in . For more details of the installation, see Figure 7 and connection between the devices and cables can be found in Figure 9 ations are given for the USA -1, the Li7500, the net radiation E from Campbell Scientific Ltd., the amplifier and the inclinometer are . (2011). Installation of the eddy -covariance mast Orientation of the eddy -covariance complex The turbulence fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 were measured on a mast equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer (USA -1, response open -path COR Inc., USA) at a sampling frequency of 20 Hz. The measured parameters and measuring devices are listed with installation details in and Figure 8. The and Figure 10. 7500, the net radiation E from Campbell Scientific Ltd., the amplifier and the inclinometer are Table 7 Devices and measured parameters of the eddy-covariance complex Parameter Instrument Serial number. Uni. Inventory Calibr. factor Output Height Vertical /Horizontal displacement Orientation Wind vector USA-1 „Scientific“ 010202 1865 78787 / [m s － 1 ] 2.50 m / 360 Sonic temperature [°C] H 2 O concentration LI-7500 75B-1632 (Control Box) 75H-1632 (Head) 78674 0 V–0 mmol m － 3 , 5 V–2000 mmol m － 3 [V] 2.44 m 0.06 m/0.27 m 360 CO 2 concentration 0 V– 5 mmol m － 3 , 5 V–30 mmol m － 3 Pressure / [kPa] approx.0.5 m / / Net radiation NR-LITE 980165 / 15.2 μV W － 1 m 2 [V] 1.4 m / 180 Amplifier ( Ina 118) / / / [V] / / / Inclination AccuStar II/DAS 20 / / / [V] 1.65 m / / Figure 9 Schematic diagram of eddy-covariance device connection (red lines: power cables; black lines: original signal cables from the sensors; blue lines: analogue signal cables; orange lines: RS-232 signal cables, from Zhao et al., 2011) Figure 10 Connection in METEK control box (from Zhao et al., 2011). 19 5.2. Data acquisition 5.2.1. Data flow Raw data from METEK control box include ultrasonic data, gas analyzer data, net radiation data, and inclinometer data, which were downloaded by tcopy.exe. The command line is: tcopy.exe /b 38400 /lh /t COM2 Raw data from LI-Cor control box RS-232 output include gas analyzer data, air pressure, inside temperature, diagnosis information, which were downloaded by tcopy.exe. The command line is: tcopy.exe /b 38400 /lh /t COM1 5.2.2. LI-7500 Settings Content of the Licor configuration file during EVENT II was: (Ack(Received FALSE)(Val 0.000000))(Calibrate(SpanCO2(Date "20 11 2008 02:40")(Target 600.2000)(Tdensity 23.90000)(Val 0.9987253))(SpanH2O(Date "20 11 2008 03:25")(Target 11.91000)(Tdensity 455.6560)(Val 0.9897679))(ZeroCO2(Date "20 11 2008 02:37")(Val 0.9082303))(ZeroH2O(Date "20 11 2008 03:04")(Val 0.8764094)))(Coef(Current(Band(A 1.150000))(CO2(A 152.7640)(B 6243.750)(C 4.806400e+07)(D -1.583770e+10)(E 2.147180e+12)(XS 0.001300000)(Z -0.001900000))(H2O(A 5435.080)(B 4408670.)(C -3.101910e+08)(XS - 0.001400000)(Z 0.01580000))(Pressure(A0 10.13000)(A1 26.03600))(SerialNo "75H1632")))(Data(Aux 0.000000)(CO2D 14.66722)(CO2Raw 0.08008862)(Cooler 1.590364)(DiagVal 248)(H2OD 1059.809)(H2ORaw 0.1078892)(Ndx 4118)(Pres 96.08419)(Temp 25.40787))(Diagnostics(Chopper TRUE)(DetOK TRUE)(PLL TRUE)(Path 52.00000)(SYNC TRUE))(EmbeddedSW(Model "LI-7500 CO2/H2O Analyzer Application")(Version 3.0.1))(Error(Received FALSE))(Inputs(Aux(A 1.000000)(B 0.000000))(Pressure(Source Measured)(UserVal 98.00000))(Temperature(Source Measured)(UserVal 25.00000)))(Outputs(BW 10)(Dac1(Full 30.00000)(Source CO2MMOL)(Zero 5.000000))(Dac2(Full 2000.000)(Source H2OMMOL)(Zero 0.000000))(Delay 2)(RS232(Aux TRUE)(Baud 38400)(CO2D TRUE)(CO2Raw TRUE)(Cooler TRUE)(DiagRec TRUE)(DiagVal TRUE)(EOL 0A)(Freq 20.00000)(H2OD TRUE)(H2ORaw TRUE)(Labels TRUE)(Ndx TRUE)(Pres TRUE)(Temp TRUE))(SDM(Address 7)))|(Chart(LV None)(Lmax 100.0000)(Lmin 0.000000)(RV None)(Rmax 100.0000)(Rmin 0.000000)(Scroll(Coarse FALSE)(Smooth TRUE))(Units(Mins FALSE)(Secs TRUE))(Xmax 20))(Connect(Baud 9600)(Freq 1.000000)(Port 1))(Log(CI TRUE)(Del(Space FALSE)(Tab TRUE))(LogVals(CV TRUE)(Cabs TRUE)(Cden TRUE)(CdenMg TRUE)(Cmf TRUE)(Dew TRUE)(Habs TRUE)(Hden TRUE)(HdenMg TRUE)(Hmf TRUE)(PortB TRUE)(Pres TRUE)(RelTime TRUE)(Temp TRUE))(Name "D:\Program Files\LI7500v3_0_2\LogFile.txt")(Rem FALSE)(TS TRUE)) 20 5.2.3. USA-1 Settings USA-1 settings during EVENT II were: AD=0 AE=0 AO=0 AT=0 AV=1 AZ=0 BM=0 BR=38400 D1=0 D2=0 D3=0 D4=0 D5=0 D6=0 D7=0 D8=0 FR=0 HC=1 HT=1 LC=23.03.09 10:43:22 LD=0 M1= M2= M3= MD=20 N0= N1=urcall N2=urcall N3=urcall NO=31 O1=2564 O2=2547 O3=2455 O4=2454 O5=2386 O6=2392 OA=0 OD=141 P1=1746 P2=1753 P3=1754 PR=3 SA=0 SF=2000 SO=0 SY=0 TC=2205 TI=15.01.11 01:25:35 TR=4000 TV=0 VR=6000 ZR=100 version 4.42 serial no. 0102021865 vbatt = 3471 free 15359 used 0 unread 0 5.2.4. Amplifier Setting The amplifier for NR-LITE was set with a factor as 501, i.e. the output signal is 501 times as large as the original signal from NR-LITE. 5.2.5. Raw Data Format An example of the records from METEK control box is below: 120704000000 W. Europe Daylight Time H:04.07.12 06:45:53 x = 164 y = 30 z = -1 t = 929 e1= -145 e2= 68 e3= 21072 e4= 14703 e5= -2728 e6=-31509 e7=- 31546 e8= -3 The format of this record is shown in Table 8. Table 8 Format of METEK output Record* Explanation 120704000000 W. Europe Daylight Time Time stamp given by the data acquisition computer, YYMMDDhhmmss H:04.07.12 06:45:53 Time stamp given by METEK control box, H:DD.MM.YY hh:mm:ss x = 164 y = 30 z = -1 wind velocity x, y, z equal to 1.64 m s － 1 , 0.30 m s － 1 , －0.01 m s － 1 , respectively t = 929 sonic temperature is 9.29 °C e1= -145 e2= 68 PT100 temperture (not installed) e3= 21072 Analogue output of H 2 O measurement is 2107.2 mV e4= 14703 Analogue output of CO 2 measurement is 1470.3 mV e5= -2728 Analogue output of net radiator is －272.8 mV e6=-31509 e7=-31546 Analogue output of inclinometer is －3150.9 mV and －3154.6 mV e8= -3 Analogue output for potential use (vacant) * e3 to e8 are displayed from －9999.9 mV up to ＋9999.9 mV. An example of the records from LI-7500 RS-232 output is below: 21 120704000000 W. Europe Daylight Time 12140425 248 0.08235 15.1412 0.04090 291.945 14.64 96.9 -0.00099 1.3499 The format of this record is shown in Table 9. Table 9 Format of LI-7500 serial output Record Explanation 120704000000 W. Europe Daylight Time Time stamp given by the data acquisition computer, YYMMDDhhmmss 12140425 The index value, which is incremented approximately every 6.5 milliseconds (e.g. 152 Hz) and ranges from approximately －2.0E8 to ＋2.0E8. 248 Diagnostic value 0.08235 Absorptance of CO 2 measurement 15.1412 CO 2 concentration in mmol m － 3 0.04090 Absorptance of H 2 O measurement 291.945 H 2 O concentration in mmol m － 3 14.64 Temperature inside the control box in °C 96.9 Air pressure inside the control box in kPa -0.00099 Auxiliary input (not installed) 1.3499 Detector cooler voltage in V 5.3. Footprint and fetch analysis In order to define the wind sector where the source contribution is sufficiently representative for the target land use “meadow” a footprint analysis approach by Göckede et al. (2004,2008) has been conducted. The underlying footprint model used in this site characterisation approach is a Lagrangian stochastic forward model by Rannik et al. (2000), providing two dimensional source area contributions for each time step of turbulent flux data (30 minutes). The footprint climatology can be seen in Figure 11. As one would expect, the measurement period is dominated by westerlies for day time conditions (unstable and neutral stratifications), frequent contributions from the forest only occur during night time (stable) conditions. The mean contribution of the target land use “meadow” and a fetch analysis according to Raabe (1991), conducted for wind sectors of 30°, are shown in Table 10. From these results a wind sector of 80° to 300° can be regarded as representative for the target land use. Taking into account a typical standard deviation of 20° for halfhourly mean values of wind direction, a wind direction criterion of 100° < wdir < 280° is recommended for further analysis. With an analysis of data quality in dependence on wind direction no significant structures or disturbances could be detected within the target wind sector defined before (not shown). 22 Figure 11 Footpint climatology for the EC measurements during EVENT-HMMS. Effect level rings include the areas contributing with 50%, 80% (solid lines) and 95% (dashed lines) to the measured flux on average for the whole campaign. Table 10 Fetch length x, height of the new equilibrium layer %, and flux contribution of the target lend use “meadow”, dependent on the wind direction and atmospheric stratification as mean conditions for the EVENT-HMMS campaign. Wind direction [°] 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 x [m] 25 40 100 110 160 110 140 100 200 50 27 20 % [m] 1.5 1.9 3 3.1 3.8 3.1 3.5 3 4.2 2.1 1.6 1.3 Flux contribution from target land use “meadow” in % stable 19 56 87 88 94 94 91 84 86 69 44 37 neutral 47 69 92 93 97 96 96 92 93 89 69 61 unstable 61 77 97 98 100 99 100 98 98 94 85 76 23 6. Bowen ratio mast, radiation and soil measurements The Bowen ratio mast (BR) and the radiation measurement complex were set up on the grassland site of the Ecological Botanical Garden of the University of Bayreuth within the framework of the student internship 2012. Data are available from 201204-24 until 2012-07-04. The Bowen ratio mast was equipped with two cup anemometers and two Frankenberger psychrometers in two heights (Figure 12, Table 12, Table 13). The measuring heights were 2m and 0.25m above displacement height and were regularly adapted to the growing meadow with the help of a carriage (Table 11). Furthermore, two soil heat flux plates, two TDRs and five soil thermometers were installed (See Table 12, Table 13). The radiation measurement complex (Figure 12) was equipped with a pyranometer and a pyrgeometer for measuring shortwave and longwave incoming and ougoing radiation components. The data (10 min values) were stored with a Vaisala logger. Configurations are given in Table 12 and Table 13. Figure 12 Bowen ratio mast with cup anemometers and psychrometers in two heights (left) and the radiation measurement complex (right) 24 Table 11 Lower measuring height of the Bowen ratio mast and the canopy height of the grassland during the field campaign. Date Lower measuring height (m) Canopy height (m) 2012 - 04 - 25 0.55 0.45 2012 - 05 - 09 0.7 0.66 2012 - 05 - 15 0.85 0.9 2012 - 07 - 04 0.85 0.9 Table 12 Recorded parameters, instrumentation, measuring heights and logger configurations of the Vaisala logger QLC R44303 during the field campaign. Parameter Instrument Serial No. Calibration factor Conversion in logger Height [cm] Orienta tion [°] Logger QLC R44303 Chan nel xPsy_H_T Frankenberger psychrometer 0095 Conv. to °C 200 SW internal QLI CH00 xPsy_H_F Frankenberger psychrometer 0085 Conv. to °C 200 SW internal QLI CH01 xPsy_L_T Frankenberger psychrometer 0045 Conv. to °C 25 SW internal QLI CH02 xPsy_L_F Frankenberger psychrometer 0134 Conv. to °C 25 SW internal QLI CH03 xAT_05 Pt100 0054 Conv. to °C -2 S internal QLI CH04 xBT_05 Pt100 0055 Conv. to °C -5 S internal QLI CH05 xBT_10 Pt100 0053 Conv. to °C -10 S internal QLI CH06 xBT_20 Pt100 0056 Conv. to °C -20 S internal QLI CH07 xBT_50 Pt100 0057 Conv. to °C -50 S internal QLI CH08 xBW_a HP3 65653 24.3 µV W -1 m -2 10 6 -10 W external QLI CH00 xBW_b HFP01 003630 62.8 µV W -1 m -2 10 6 -10 E external QLI CH01 xTDR_a TDR-IMKO 31148 10 2 -5 to - 15 E external QLI Ch08 xTDR_b TDR-IMKO 31147 10 2 -15 to -25 E external QLI Ch09 xCNR_T CNR1 970059 Conv. to °C 200 S external QLI CH03 xCNR_Glb CNR1 970059 9.64µV W -1 m -2 10 6 200 S external QLI CH04 xCNR_Ref CNR1 970059 9.84 µV W -1 m -2 10 6 200 S external QLI CH05 xCNR_Geg CNR1 970059 9.68 µV W -1 m -2 10 6 200 S external QLI CH06 xCNR_Aus CNR1 970059 9.84 µV W -1 m -2 10 6 200 S external QLI CH07 xWS_L Climatronics a 4713 Conv. to ms -1 25 SW external QLI Nr 57 xWS_H Climatronics a 4522 Conv. to ms -1 200 SW external QLI Nr 58 a Climatronics F460 cup anemometer 25 Table 13 Channel allocation for QLC R44303 with logger program GeoP2011.qsp R44303 Instrument Variable Name Measurement Channel E H L C Internal QLI Frankenberger psychrometer xPsy_H_T PT100 4 wire #0095 CH00 x yellow x green x brown x white Internal QLI Frankenberger psychrometer xPsy_H_F PT100 4 wire #0085 CH01 x yellow x green x brown x white Internal QLI Frankenberger psychrometer xPsy_L_T PT100 4 wire #0045 CH02 x yellow x green x brown x white Internal QLI Frankenberger psychrometer xPsy_L_F PT100 4 wire #0134 CH03 x black x green x brown x blue Internal QLI Pt100 xAT_05 (Minimum temperature) PT100 4 wire #0054 CH04 x black x brown x red x orange Internal QLI Pt100 xBT_05 (Soil temperature) PT100 4 wire #0055 CH05 x black x brown x red x orange Internal QLI Pt100 xBT_10 (Soil temperature) PT100 4 wire #0053 CH06 x black x brown x red x orange Internal QLI Pt100 xBT_20 (Soil temperature) PT100 4 wire #0056 CH07 x black x brown x red x orange Internal QLI Pt100 xBT_50 (Soil temperature) PT100 4 wire #0057 CH08 x black x brown x red x orange External QLI HP3 xBW_a Voltage diff (V) #65653 CH00 x brown x blue External QLI HFP01 XBW_b Voltage diff (V) #003630 CH01 x white x green External QLI TDR-IMKO xTDR_a (TDR probe) Voltage single (+VE), #31148 CH08 x green External QLI TDR-IMKO xTDR_b (TDR probe) Voltage single (+VE), #31147 CH09 x green External QLI CNR1 xCNR_T (instrument temperature) PT100 4 wire, #970059 CH03 x gray x green x yellow x pink External QLI CNR1 xCNR_Glb (global radiation) Voltage diff (V) #970059 CH04 x red x blue External QLI CNR1 xCNR_Ref (reflected irradiance) Voltage diff (V) #970059 CH05 x white x black External QLI CNR1 xCNR_Geg (longwave downward radiation) Voltage diff (V) #970059 CH06 x grey x yellow External QLI CNR1 xCNR_Aus (longwave upward radiation) Voltage diff (V) #970059 Ch 07 x brown x green External QLI Climatronics F460 cup anemometer xWS_L Voltage single (+VE), #4713 Nr 57 x yellow External QLI Climatronics F460 cup anemometer xWS_H Voltage single (+VE), #4522 Nr 58 x yellow 32 4/9/2012 0.1 0.1 9.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 4/10/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/11/2012 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 4/12/2012 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 4/13/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4/14/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4/15/2012 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4/16/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/17/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/18/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/19/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4/20/2012 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 4/21/2012 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 4/22/2012 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 4/23/2012 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42 4/24/2012 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 4/25/2012 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 4/26/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/27/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/28/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/29/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 4/30/2012 0 0 7.5 0 0 0 5/1/2012 2 2 2 2 2 2 5/2/2012 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 5/3/2012 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 5/4/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/5/2012 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 5/6/2012 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 5/7/2012 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5/8/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5/9/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/10/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5/11/2012 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5/12/2012 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 5/13/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/14/2012 0.1 0.1 5.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 5/15/2012 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 5/16/2012 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 5/17/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5/18/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/19/2012 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 5/20/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/21/2012 0 28.3 5.7 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.3 5/22/2012 1.3 1.3 1.3 0 1.3 0 5/23/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 5/24/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 5/25/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/26/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/27/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/28/2012 0 0 13.1 0 0 0 5/29/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/30/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 5/31/2012 7.4 7.4 7.4 0 7.4 0 6/1/2012 5.8 5.8 5.8 0 5.8 0 6/2/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/3/2012 10.6 10.6 10.6 0 10.6 0 6/4/2012 3 3 3 0 3 27.8 6/5/2012 3.3 3.3 3.3 0 3.3 0 6/6/2012 4.1 4.1 4.1 0 4.1 5.8 6/7/2012 3.63 3.63 3.63 0 3.63 0 6/8/2012 2.89 2.89 2.89 0 2.89 0 6/9/2012 0.8 0.8 0.8 0 0.8 0 6/10/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/11/2012 0.4 0.4 2.1 0 0.4 9.3 6/12/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 6/13/2012 13.1 13.1 13.1 0 13.1 2.8 6/14/2012 19.5 19.5 19.5 0 19.5 29.9 6/15/2012 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0 6/16/2012 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0 6/17/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/18/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/19/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/20/2012 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0.6 0 6/21/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 6/22/2012 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0.6 0 6/23/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/24/2012 2 2 2 0 2 0 6/25/2012 1.9 1.9 17 0 1.9 4.2 6/26/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 6/27/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/28/2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 6/29/2012 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0.9 0 6/30/2012 15.1 15.1 15.1 0 15.1 0 7/1/2012 17.35 17.35 17.35 0 17.35 0 7/2/2012 4.8 34.7 4.8 0 34.7 32.7 29,9 mm on XX,CA,D2 7/3/2012 2 2 2 53.8 2 36.4 151,8 on D1 7/4/2012 0 0 0 100 0 0 7/5/2012 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 0 5.7 7/6/2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 7/7/2012 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0 0.9 7/8/2012 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 0 1.9 34 B. Logger set up for BR and radiation complex Logger system: Vaisala Finland, type:QLC50 (with CPU board) and QLI501(sensor board only), s/n R44303 Logger configuration: Vaisala software QSETUP Name: GeoP2011.qsp Definition of variables DVRX.BIN(*.CFG) GROUP 0 ; 0,Log_Task,INTEGER,,-1 ;Log_Task Variablenliste GROUP 1 ; 1,xPsy_H_T,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer oben trocken 10 min Mittel 1,xPsy_H_F,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer oben feucht 10 min Mittel 1,xPsy_L_T,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer unten trocken 10 min Mittel 1,xPsy_L_F,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer unten feucht 10 min Mittel 1,xAT_05,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 +05 cm kein Strahlungsschutz 10 min Mittel 1,xBT_05,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -05 cm Bodentemperatur 10 min Mittel 1,xBT_10,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -10 cm Bodentemperatur 10 min Mittel 1,xBT_20,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -20 cm Bodentemperatur 10 min Mittel 1,xBT_50,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -50 cm Bodentemperatur 10 min Mittel 1,xCNR_T,REAL,,-1 ;CNR1 Geraetetemperatur 10 min Mittel 1,xCNR_Glb,REAL,,-1 ;CNR1 Globalstrahlung 10 min Mittel 1,xCNR_Ref,REAL,,-1 ;CNR1 Reflexstrahlung 10 min Mittel 1,xCNR_Geg,REAL,,-1 ;CNR1 Gegenstrahlung 10 min Mittel 1,xCNR_Aus,REAL,,-1 ;CNR1 Ausstrahlung 10 min Mittel 1,cWDir,REAL,,-1 ;Umrechnung Vect. WDir in Grad 1,xWS_L,REAL,,-1 ;Climatronic Wind Speed unt. Anem. Mittel 1,xWS_H,REAL,,-1 ;Climatronic Wind Speed ob. Anem. Mittel 1,cWS_H,REAL,,-1 ;Climatronic obere Windges. m/s 1 sec 1,cWS_L,REAL,,-1 ;Climatronic untere Windges. m/s 1 sec 1,xTDR_a,REAL,,-1 ;TDR Bodenfeuchte A 10 min Mittel 1,xTDR_b,REAL,,-1 ;TDR Bodenfeuchte B 10 min Mittel 1,xBW_a,REAL,,-1 ;Bodenwaermeplatte 65658 10 min Mittel 1,xBW_b,REAL,,-1 ;Bodenwaermeplatte 69813 10 min Mittel 1,xWDir,REAL,,-1 ;Vector W200P Windfahne 10 min Wert GROUP 2 ; 2,Psy_H_T,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer oben trocken Ch00 2,Psy_H_F,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer oben feucht Ch01 2,Psy_L_T,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer unten trocken Ch02 2,Psy_L_F,REAL,,-1 ;Psychrometer unten feucht Ch03 2,AT_05,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 +05 cm kein Strah.schutz Ch04 2,BT_05,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -05 cm Bodentemperatur Ch05 2,BT_10,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -10 cm Bodentemperatur Ch06 2,BT_20,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -20 cm Bodentemperatur Ch07 2,BT_50,REAL,,-1 ;Pt100 -50 cm Bodentemperatur Ch08 2,TDR_a,REAL,,-1 ;TDR Bodenfeuchte A [Vol%] Ch08 2,TDR_b,REAL,,-1 ;TDR Bodenfeuchte B [Vol%] Ch09 2,BW_a,REAL,,-1 ;Heatflux plate A [uV] Ch00 2,BW_b,REAL,,-1 ;Heatflux plate B [uV] Ch01 2,CNR_T,REAL,,-1 ;CNR Geraetetemperatur Ch03 2,Wdir,REAL,,-1 ;Windrichtung Vect. W200P Ch02 2,CNR_Glb,REAL,,-1 ;CNR Globalstrahlung [uV] Ch04 2,CNR_Ref,REAL,,-1 ;CNR Reflexstrahlung [uV] Ch05 2,CNR_Geg,REAL,,-1 ;CNR Gegenstrahlung [uV] Ch06 2,CNR_Aus,REAL,,-1 ;CNR Ausstrahlung [uV] Ch07 2,WSf_L,REAL,,-1 ;Frequenz unteres Anemometer F1 2,WSf_H,REAL,,-1 ;Frequenz oberes Anemometer F2 ---------------------------------- 35 Programmed calculations and/or conversions MATH.BIN (*.CFG) 00:10:00,0 600,(x10min) ;10 min Mittel ;10 min (600 sec) Mittel PT100 [1,xAT_05]= AVG([2,AT_05],600 ) [1,xBT_05]= AVG([2,BT_05],600 ) [1,xBT_10]= AVG([2,BT_10],600 ) [1,xBT_20]= AVG([2,BT_20],600 ) [1,xBT_50]= AVG([2,BT_50],600 ) ;10 min (600 sec) Mittel Psychrometer [1,xPsy_H_T] = AVG([2,Psy_H_T],600 ) [1,xPsy_H_F] = AVG([2,Psy_H_F],600 ) [1,xPsy_L_T] = AVG([2,Psy_L_T],600 ) [1,xPsy_L_F] = AVG([2,Psy_L_F],600 ) ;10 min (600 sec) Mittel Bodenwaermeplatten HP ;HP kein Kalibrierfaktor Ausgabe uV [1,xBW_a]= (AVG([2,BW_a],600 )) * 1000000 ;HP kein Kalibrierfaktor Ausgabe uV [1,xBW_b]= (AVG([2,BW_b],600 )) * 1000000 ;CNR 1 oder 4 Kipp&Zonen ;keine Kalibrierfaktoren Ausgabe uV [1,xCNR_Aus]= AVG([2,CNR_Aus] ,600 ) * 1000000 [1,xCNR_Geg]= AVG([2,CNR_Geg] ,600 ) * 1000000 [1,xCNR_Glb]= AVG([2,CNR_Glb] ,600 ) * 1000000 [1,xCNR_Ref]= AVG([2,CNR_Ref] ,600 ) * 1000000 [1,xCNR_T]= AVG([2,CNR_T] ,600 ) ;10 min (600 sec) Mittel Windgeschw. m/s [1,xWS_H]= AVG([1,cWS_H] ,600 ) [1,xWS_L]= AVG([1,cWS_L] ,600 ) ;TDR-Sonde Imko ;keine Kalibrierfaktoren Ausgabe Volumen % [1,xTDR_a]= AVG([2,TDR_a],600 ) * 100 [1,xTDR_b]= AVG([2,TDR_b],600 ) * 100 [0,Log_Task] = 1 00:00:00,0 1,(Windspeed) ;Umrechnung Wind in m/s bzw Grad ;Umrechnung Frequenz Anemometer in m/s je 1 sec [1,cWS_H]= (([2,WSf_H] / 9.511 + 0.3) / 2.237) - 0.13 [1,cWS_L]= (([2,WSf_L] / 9.511 + 0.3) / 2.237) - 0.13 ;Vector Instr. Windfahne 32 m Main Tower top: ;Finne S/N: Y73 - Koerper S/N: 3526 ;Kalibrier-Faktor 2.92 Ohm pro Grad [1,cWDir] = [2,Wdir] * 0.34246 ----------------------------------- Logger: QLC50 internal sensor board: sensor / channel allocation MPX1.BIN (*.CFG) =B38400 =X0 =L3 =P3 =F5 =U1 =S1,00:00:00,100,60 :r,2,RTC_TEMP;0,0,1 TIN :r,2,Psy_H_T;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 0PT100 :r,2,Psy_H_F;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 1PT100 :r,2,Psy_L_T;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 2PT100 36 :r,2,Psy_L_F;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 3PT100 :r,2,AT_05;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 4PT100 :r,2,BT_05;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 5PT100 :r,2,BT_10;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 6PT100 :r,2,BT_20;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 7PT100 :r,2,BT_50;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 8PT100 =END ------------------------ Logger: 1x QLI501 as external sensor board of the QLC50 connected via RS485-signal: sensor / channel allocation MPX2.BIN (*.CFG) =B19200 =X0 =L3 =P3 =F5 =U2 =S1,00:00:00,100,60 :r,2,BW_a;0,0,1 0V :r,2,BW_b;0,0,1 1V :r,2,CNR_T;0,0,1,-50.0000,160.0000,50.0000 3PT100 :r,2,Wdir;0,0,1 2RI :r,2,CNR_Glb;0,0,1 4V :r,2,CNR_Ref;0,0,1 5V :r,2,CNR_Geg;0,0,1 6V :r,2,CNR_Aus;0,0,1 7V :r,2,TDR_a;0,0,1 8+V :r,2,TDR_b;0,0,1 9+V :r,2,WSf_L;0,0,1 F1 :r,2,WSf_H;0,0,1 F2 =END ------------------------- List of logged and saved variables QLCLOG.BIN (*.CFG) ; = FROUND Log_Task r 0 m m0 [1,xAT_05] [1,xBT_05] [1,xBT_10] [1,xBT_20] [1,xBT_50] [1,xBW_a] [1,xBW_b] [1,xTDR_a] [1,xTDR_b] [1,xCNR_Aus] [1,xCNR_Geg] [1,xCNR_Glb] [1,xCNR_Ref] [1,xCNR_T] [1,xPsy_H_F] [1,xPsy_H_T] [1,xPsy_L_F] [1,xPsy_L_T] [1,xWDir] [1,xWS_H] [1,xWS_L] [0,Log_Task] --------------------------- 37 Statistics STAT.BIN (*.CFG) 00:00:00,0 2,Psy_H_T,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,Psy_H_F,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,Psy_L_T,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,Psy_L_F,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,AT_05,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BT_05,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BT_10,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BT_20,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BT_50,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BW_a,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,BW_b,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,CNR_Aus,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,CNR_Geg,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,CNR_Glb,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,CNR_Ref,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,CNR_T,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,TDR_a,600,1 00:00:00,0 2,TDR_b,600,1 00:00:00,0 1,cWS_H,600,1 00:00:00,0 1,cWS_L,600,1 --------------------------------- 38 C. General synopsis analysis by the German Weather Service Table A2: General synopsis in May 2012 39 Table A3: General synopsis in May 2012 40 Table A3: Description of the General synopsis classification according to Hess and Brezowski (from http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~uwerner/gwl/welcome.htm, downloaded on June 07, 2013) Bezeichnung Abkürzung A. Großwetterlagen der zonalen Zirkulationsform 1. Westlage, antizyklonal WA 2. Westlage, zyklonal WZ 3. Südliche Westlage WS 4. Winkelförmige Westlage WW B. Großwetterlagen der gemischten Zirkulationsform 5. Südwestlage, antizyklonal SWA 6. Südwestlage, zyklonal SWZ 7. Nordwestlage, antizyklonal NWA 8. Nordwestlage, zyklonal NWZ 9. Hoch Mitteleuropa HM 10. Hochdruckbrücke (Rücken) Mitteleuropa BM 11. Tief Mitteleuropa TM C. Großwetterlagen der meridionalen Zirkulationsform 12. Nordlage, antizyklonal NA 13. Nordlage, zyklonal NZ 14. Hoch Nordmeer - Island, antizyklonal HNA 15. Hoch Nordmeer - Island, zyklonal HNZ 16. Hoch Britische Inseln HB 17. Trog Mitteleuropa TRM 18. Nordostlage, antizyklonal NEA 19. Nordostlage, zyklonal NEZ 20. Hoch Fennoskandien, antizyklonal HFA 21. Hoch Fennoskandien, zyklonal HFZ 22. Hoch Nordmeer - Fennoskandien, antizyklonal HNFA 23. Hoch Nordmeer - Fennoskandien, zyklonal HNFZ 24. Südostlage, antizyklonal SEA 25. Südostlage, zyklonal SEZ 26. Südlage, antizyklonal SA 27. Südlage, zyklonal SZ 28. Tief Britische Inseln TB 29. Trog Westeuropa TRW Übergang U 41 Volumes in the series ‚University of Bayreuth, Department of Micrometeorology, Arbeitsergebnisse’ Nr Author(s) Title Year 01 Foken Der Bayreuther Turbulenzknecht 01/1999 02 Foken Methode zur Bestimmung der trockenen Deposition von Bor 02/1999 03 Liu Error analysis of the modified Bowen ratio method 02/1999 04 Foken et al. Nachfrostgefährdung des ÖBG 03/1999 05 Hierteis Dokumentation des Experimentes Dlouhá Louka 03/1999 06 Mangold Dokumentation des Experimentes am Standort Weidenbrunnen, Juli/August 1998 07/1999 07 Heinz et al. Strukturanalyse der atmosphärischen Turbulenz mittels Wavelet-Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Austauschprozessen über dem antarktischen Schelfeis 07/1999 08 Foken Comparison of the sonic anomometer Young Model 81000 during VOITEX-99 10/1999 09 Foken et al. Lufthygienisch-bioklimatische Kennzeichnung des oberen Egertales, Zwischenbericht 1999 11/1999 10 Sodemann Stationsdatenbank zum BStMLU-Projekt Lufthygienisch-bioklimatische Kennzeichnung des oberen Egertales 03/2000 11 Neuner Dokumentation zur Erstellung der meteorologischen Eingabedaten für das Modell BEKLIMA 10/2000 12 Foken et al. Dokumentation des Experimentes VOITEX-99 10/2000 13 Bruckmeier et al. Documenation of the experiment EBEX-2000, July 20 to August 24, 2000 01/2001 14 Foken et al. Lufthygienisch-bioklimatische Kennzeichnung des oberen Egertales 02/2001 15 Göckede Die Verwendung des Footprint-Modells nach Schmid (1997) zur stabilitätsabhängigen Bestimmung der Rauhigkeitslänge 03/2001 16 Neuner Berechnung der Evaporation im ÖBG (Universität Bayreuth) mit dem SVATModell BEKLIMA 05/2001 17 Sodemann Dokumentation der Software zur Bearbeitung der FINTUREX-Daten 08/2002 18 Göckede et al. Dokumentation des Experiments STINHO-1 08/2002 19 Göckede et al. Dokumentation des Experiments STINHO-2 12/2002 20 Göckede et al Characterisation of a complex measuring site for flux measurements 12/2002 21 Liebethal Strahlungsmessgerätevergleich während des Experiments STINHO-1 01/2003 22 Mauder et al. Dokumentation des Experiments EVA_GRIPS 03/2003 23 Mauder et al. Dokumentation des Experimentes LITFASS-2003, Dokumentation des Experimentes GRASATEM-2003 12/2003 24 Thomas et al. Documentation of the WALDATEM-2003 Experiment 05/2004 25 Göckede et al. Qualitätsbegutachtung komplexer mikrometeorologischer Messstationen im Rahmen des VERTIKO-Projekts 11/2004 26 Mauder & Foken Documentation and instruction manual of the eddy covariance software package TK2 12/2004 27 Herold et al. The OP-2 open path infrared gas analyser for CO 2 and H 2 O 01/2005 28 Ruppert ATEM software for atmospheric turbulent exchange measurements using eddy covariance and relaxed eddy accumulation systems and Bayreuth whole-air REA system setup 04/2005 29 Foken (Ed.) Klimatologische und mikrometeorologische Forschungen im Rahmen des Bayreuther Institutes für Terrestrische Ökosystemforschung (BITÖK), 19892004 06/2005 30 Siebeke & Serafimovich Ultraschallanemometer-Überprüfung im Windkanal der TU Dresden 2007 04/2007