Zhang, Jian; Wen, Jianzhou; Lu, Zhen; Qian, Jiang; Wei, Ning
A icle
In es men alloca ion me hod o dis ibu ion ne wo ks
based on a panel da a model and an incen i e-penal y
mechanism
Am i ea u Economic
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Zhang, Jian; Wen, Jianzhou; Lu, Zhen; Qian, Jiang; Wei, Ning (2025) : In es men
alloca ion me hod o dis ibu ion ne wo ks based on a panel da a model and an incen i e-penal y
mechanism, Am i ea u Economic, ISSN 2247-9104, The Bucha es Uni e si y o Economic S udies,
Bucha es , Vol. 27, Iss. 69, pp. 656-673,
h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2025/69/656
This Ve sion is a ailable a :
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AE
In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks Based
on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y Mechanism
656 Am i ea u Economic
INVESTMENT ALLOCATION METHOD
FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS BASED ON A PANEL DATA MODEL
AND AN INCENTIVE–PENALTY MECHANISM
Jian Zhang1, Jianzhou Wen2, Zhen Lu3, Jiang Qian4
*
and Ning Wei5
1)2)3)4)5) S a e G id Shanxi Elec ic Powe Company Yuncheng Powe Supply
Company, Yuncheng Ci y, China
Please ci e his a icle as:
Zhang, J., Wen, J., Lu, Z., Qian, J. and Wei, N., 2025.
In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks
Based on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y
Mechanism. Am i ea u Economic, 27(69), pp. 656-673.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.24818/EA/2025/69/656
A icle His o y
Recei ed: 21 Decembe 2024
Re ised: 15 No embe 2024
Accep ed: 5 Feb ua y 2025
Abs ac
The scale o dis ibu ion ne wo k cons uc ion is huge and he di e ences in cons uc ion
a eas a e signi ican . The accu acy o in es men s a egies would di ec ly a ec he
e ec i eness o upg ading dis ibu ion ne wo ks. In esponse o he cu en subjec i i y and
lack o p ecision in he dis ibu ion ne wo k in es men alloca ion p ocess, his s udy
p oposed a me hod o alloca e he in es men amoun o dis ibu ion ne wo ks based on a
panel da a model and an incen i e–penal y mechanism. Fi s , he ype o panel da a model
was selec ed using he join hypo hesis es and he Hausman es . Second, he ini ial
alloca ion o he in es men amoun was calcula ed based on he selec ed panel da a model.
Thi d, in es men p oduc i i y in each egion in ecen yea s was calcula ed using he da a
en elope analysis model. Gi en he a ia ions in he impo ance o in o ma ion du ing
di e en pe iods, he concep o ime deg ee was in oduced o es ablish a ime deg ee model.
The weigh s o he model du ing di e en pe iods we e assigned o he in es men
p oduc i i y and hen he sum was calcula ed sepa a ely o ob ain he comp ehensi e
in es men p oduc i i y o each dis ibu ion ne wo k. The inal alloca ion o he in es men
amoun o each dis ibu ion ne wo k was ob ained based on i s ini ial alloca ion o he
in es men amoun and he comp ehensi e in es men p oduc i i y. The case s udy showed
he ollowing poin s. (1) The di e ences among he dis ibu ion ne wo ks we e signi ican
and, hus, he ixed e ec s model could be employed o e ec i ely compu e he in es men
scale. (2) Gi en he di e ences in he cons uc ion and in es men p oduc i i y o a ious
dis ibu ion ne wo ks, he p oposed me hod o calcula e he comple e in es men p oduc i i y
could be used o adjus he alloca ion o he in es men amoun and achie e an op imal
alloca ion o unds. The esea ch esul s exhibi ed p ac ical signi icance in imp o ing he
in es men alloca ion s a egy o dis ibu ion ne wo ks.
*
Co esponding au ho , Jiang Qian – e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion License, which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in
any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. © 2025 The Au ho (s).
Economic In e e ences
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 69 • May 2025 657
Keywo ds: dis ibu ion ne wo k in es men , in es men alloca ion, panel da a model, ime-
deg ee model, incen i e–penal y mechanism.
JEL Classi ica ion: C01, C33, C53
In oduc ion
The economy o China has expe ienced apid g ow h in ecen yea s. Consequen ly, he
demand o elec ici y has also been inc easing. The e o e, he cons uc ion o dis ibu ion
ne wo ks as key links in powe ansmission has become a c ucial ask in he powe indus y.
In pa icula , wi h he signi ican ad ancemen s in new ene gy and sma g id echnology, a
dis ibu ion ne wo k mus no only unde ake adi ional powe ansmission and dis ibu ion,
bu mus also ha e he abili y o in eg a e new ene gy and op imise i s alloca ion (Lu e al.,
2022; Lu, Lin and Dabić, 2024). The e o e, a scien i ic and a ional in es men s a egy o
dis ibu ion ne wo ks is di ec ly ela ed o he sus ainabili y o he na ional economy, social
de elopmen , and he en i onmen .
A p esen , he alloca ion o in es men amoun s o dis ibu ion ne wo ks is based la gely on
cons uc ion p ojec s p oposed by a ious egions. This me hod is highly subjec i e and lacks
a heo e ical basis, and hus ensu ing he a ionali y and balance o in es men amoun
alloca ion is di icul du ing he cons uc ion o dis ibu ion ne wo ks. Consequen ly, na ional
unds a e no only was ed, bu he de elopmen o egional powe g ids and he economy a e
also a ec ed. Resea ch on in es men alloca ion in dis ibu ion ne wo ks encompasses wo
p incipal classi ica ions. In he ini ial classi ica ion,, he equi ed in es men amoun o each
egion is de e mined by es ablishing p edic i e models (Wang e al., 2022; Wu e al., 2022).
In he second classi ica ion, p ojec op imisa ion is pe o med o de e mine he in es men
amoun alloca ed o each egion, wi h he maximisa ion o one o mo e indexes as he
objec i e unc ion and known o al in es men amoun as one o he cons ain s (Gao, Zhao
and Li, 2022; Ga i i e al., 2022; Fa ah and And esen, 2024). In he i s ype o me hod, he
elec ici y demand ela ed di ec ly o he cons uc ion o dis ibu ion ne wo ks is used as he
inpu o he model o es ima e he in es men amoun o a dis ibu ion ne wo k, a oiding he
d awbacks o adi ional me hods ha ely la gely on expe ience. Howe e , he p edic ion
esul s o he model a e easily a ec ed by da a; mo eo e , a model based on he cons uc ion
o dis ibu ion ne wo ks and egional economic cha ac e is ics canno be es ablished by
u ilising commonly used p edic ion models, such as g ey models and neu al ne wo ks (Chen
e al., 2020; Xu e al., 2021).). Insu icien conside a ion o egional di e ences leads o
un easonable in es men alloca ion. In he second ype o me hod, he op imisa ion o
p ojec s is pe o med in he en i e esea ch a ea, and hus, he in es men amoun canno be
accu a ely es ima ed, esul ing in un easonable alloca ion wi h excessi e o insu icien
in es men in some egions.
Taking in o accoun he a o emen ioned issues, in-dep h esea ch on in es men models o
dis ibu ion ne wo ks is ca ied ou and an in es men alloca ion me hod is p oposed based
on a panel da a model and an incen i e–penal y mechanism in he cu en s udy. The sui able
panel da a model o egional cha ac e is ics is selec ed h ough he join hypo hesis es and
he Hausman es and is used o cons uc he in es men alloca ion model o dis ibu ion
ne wo ks. Da a en elope analysis (DEA) and he ime deg ee model a e in oduced o
AE
In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks Based
on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y Mechanism
658 Am i ea u Economic
quan i y egional di e ences, and hus accu a e alloca ion o in es men amoun o he
cons uc ion o dis ibu ion ne wo ks can be ob ained.
1. Li e a u e e iew
Exis ing in es men alloca ion me hods can be b oadly ca ego ised in o wo g oups. The i s
g oup in ol es de ailed planning epo s and uni p ice o he equipmen . The amoun o
in es men can be di ided in o se e al sec ions, and o mulas based on planning epo s and
uni p ices o equipmen a e p oposed o each sec ion o calcula e i s in es men amoun .
The amoun o in es men is di ided in o igid, economic, ac ual and planned in es men s
based on p ojec da a in he planning epo s. Yu e al. (2017) p o ided de ailed calcula ion
me hods o each ype o in es men amoun . Howe e , hese me hods mus be based on
de ailed planning epo s and he equi emen o ini ial da a is s ic , making hem less
applicable in p ac ical si ua ions.
The second g oup in ol es mac o-le el in es men alloca ion in he absence o planning
epo s. Cu en ly, hese me hods include mainly e alua ion and p edic ion. An e alua ion
me hod in ol ed es ablishing an in es men index sys em e alua ion, collec ing ele an
index da a, assigning weigh s o each index h ough a weigh ing me hod, and hen using
ele an e alua ion models o e alua ion (Sengul e al., 2015; Koponen and Le Ne , 2021;
Za a e al., 2016; Sha e al., 2021). This me hod is simple and con enien , bu es ablishing
an in es men index e alua ion sys em is di icul . Many ela ed s udies had di ec ly used an
e alua ion index sys em o dis ibu ion ne wo ks as an e alua ion index sys em o
in es men , esul ing in a lack o a scien i ic basis and accu acy. In con as , he ele an
ac o s ha in luence he alloca ion o in es men amoun we e selec ed and he unc ional
ela ionships be ween hem we e s udied in a p edic ion me hod. Essen ially, a p edic ion
me hod was a modi ied e alua ion me hod. The ma hema ical ela ionship be ween
e alua ion esul s and in es men amoun alloca ion was no ho oughly explo ed in an
e alua ion me hod, bu i was examined using i ing unc ions in a p edic ion me hod, and
hus accu acy was imp o ed.
The in es men amoun was alloca ed a he mac ole el and he calcula ion was op imised
using he pa icle swa m algo i hm. Xu e al. (2020) calcula ed he in es men amoun
equi ed o he dis ibu ion ne wo k in each egion based on i s e alua ion esul . Li e al.
(2021) and Zhang e al. (2021) p edic ed he in es men amoun o be alloca ed based on
in es men and elec ici y demand by using he panel da a model. These me hods in ol ed
he gene al p edic ion o he in es men amoun o be alloca ed, esul ing in a signi ican
imp o emen in a ionali y and accu acy compa ed o e alua ion me hods.
Based on he a o emen ioned s udies, he cu en wo k p esen s an alloca ion me hod o he
in es men amoun based on a panel da a model and an incen i e–penal y mechanism. The
panel da a model was used o de e mine he in es men amoun o each egion, accu a ely
e lec he si ua ion o he egional powe g ids, and achie e he ini ial alloca ion o he
in es men amoun . The incen i e–penal y mechanism based on DEA and he ime-deg ee
model was in oduced o adjus he ini ial alloca ion o in es men amoun o each egion
and, hus, ully u ilise he in es men ad an ages o all egions.
The s uc u e o he es o his pape is desc ibed below. The hi d pa b ie ly desc ibes he
es ablishmen o he panel da a model, he DEA, and he ime-deg ee model. Then i analyses
Economic In e e ences
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 69 • May 2025 659
he alloca ion me hods and he p ocesses o he in es men amoun o dis ibu ion ne wo ks.
The ou h pa examines he ad an ages and e ec i eness o he panel da a model and he
incen i e–penal y mechanism in he alloca ion o in es men amoun s o dis ibu ion
ne wo ks h ough a nume ical example. The i h pa summa ises he esea ch esul s and
p o ides he ele an conclusions.
2. Me hodology
The panel da a model is commonly used o analyse da a dis ibu ion in wo dimensions: ime
and space; i ob ains mo e in o ma ion han a single-sec ion da a model (Lee and Yu, 2012;
B iseño and Rojas, 2020; Hill e al., 2020; Zhou and Wang, 2022; Salamaga, 2023). The
in es men amoun is dis ibu ed in he ime and egion dimensions, and hus, i is a common
ype o panel da a. The panel da a model is in oduced in his s udy o es ablish he alloca ion
model o he amoun o in es men in he dis ibu ion ne wo ks.
2.1. Es ablishmen o he panel da a model
(1) Basic panel da a model
The undamen al ep esen a ion o a panel da a model is exp essed as:
T
i i i i
yu
x
(1)
whe e:
i
– ep esen s he egion, and
1,2 ,in，
(
n
: numbe o egions);
– ep esen s ime, and
1,2 , T，
(
T
: e alua ion du a ion, numbe o yea s
he e);
i
y
– is he alue o he dependen a iable in he
i h
egion and he
h
yea ;
i
x
– is a ec o o explana o y a iables;
12
[ , , , ]
l
– is he ec o o pa ame e s o be es ima ed;
l
– numbe o explana o y a iables;
i
– is a andom e o e m wi h ze o mean, same a iance, and independen
dis ibu ion; and
i
u
is an in e cep e m. He e, he panel da a model includes h ee ca ego ies.
1) Mixed e ec s model
The model is app op ia e o si ua ions whe ein da a in he ime dimension a e signi ican ly
di e en , bu da a in he egion dimension a e no conside ably di e en . Tha is, da a om
di e en egions can be mixed and conside ed in he ac ual eg ession p ocess. The mixed
e ec s model can be exp essed as:
0
T
i ME i i
yu
x
(2)
whe e:
AE
In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks Based
on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y Mechanism
660 Am i ea u Economic
ME
– is he se o pa ame e s ha equi e es ima ion.
2) Fixed e ec s model
The model is app op ia e o si ua ions whe e he da a in he ime and egion dimensions a e
signi ican ly di e en . Da a om di e en egions mus be conside ed sepa a ely o e lec
di e ences among egions. The in e cep e m
i
u
exp esses he indi idual e ec o each
egion, and hus, i is co ela ed wi h he explana o y a iables. The ixed e ec s model can
be exp essed as:
T
i FE i i i
yu
x
(3)
whe e
FE
– is he se o pa ame e s ha equi e es ima ion.
3) Random e ec s model
The model is app op ia e o si ua ions whe ein da a in he ime and egion dimensions a e
signi ican ly di e en , and he in e cep e m
i
u
bea s no co ela ion wi h he explana o y
a iables and is used o ep esen andom in e e ence ha e lec s he cha ac e is ics o
unobse able andom in o ma ion. The model can be exp essed as:
T
i RE i i i
yu
x
(4)
whe e:
FE
– is he se o pa ame e s ha equi e es ima ion.
(2) Recogni ion o da a ea u e
The join hypo hesis es and he Hausman es a e used o selec a panel da a model om he
h ee ypes using he speci ic da a in his s udy.
1) Join hypo hesis es
The join hypo hesis es is also called he F es . Fo he mixed e ec s model and he ixed
e ec s model, he essence is o de e mine he impo ance o he dispa i y be ween he
in e cep e ms
i
u
o be es ima ed. The null hypo hesis is:
0 1 2
:n
H u u u
(5)
whe e:
n
– ep esen s he numbe o egions.
I he es esul s ejec he null hypo hesis, hen he in e cep e ms
i
u
o be es ima ed a e
signi ican ly di e en , and hus, he ixed e ec s model should be selec ed. Con e sely, i
he es esul s accep he null hypo hesis, hen he di e ence be ween he in e cep e ms
i
u
o be es ima ed is wi hin he accep able ange, and hus, he mixed e ec s model should be
selec ed. The F s a is ic is de ined as:
Economic In e e ences
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 69 • May 2025 661
1
u
u
SSE SSE n
FSSE nT n l
(6)
whe e:
SSE
– ep esen s he agg ega ed squa ed esiduals om he mixed e ec s model;
u
SSE
– ep esen s he agg ega ed squa ed esiduals om he ixed e ec s model;
n
– is he numbe o egions;
T
– is he e alua ion du a ion;
l
– is he numbe o explana o y a iables.
I he alue o he F s a is ic is g ea e han he alue o
1,F n nT n l
a a gi en
signi icance le el, hen he null hypo hesis is ejec ed and he ixed e ec s model should be
selec ed. Con e sely, he null hypo hesis is accep ed and he mixed e ec s model should be
selec ed.
2) Hausman es
This es is p ima ily employed o selec be ween he ixed e ec s model and he andom
e ec s model. I essen ially judges whe he he in e cep e m
i
u
is ela ed o he explana o y
a iables. I
i
u
is associa ed wi h he explana o y a iables, hen he ixed e ec s model
should be selec ed. I
i
u
is un ela ed o he explana o y a iables, hen he andom e ec s
model should be selec ed. The null hypo hesis is:
0) , : ( , 0
i i
H Co u x o all
(7)
The s a is ic can be calcula ed as:
T
FE RE FE RE
FE RE
WVa
(8)
whe e:
FE
– is he dispe sion o dina y leas squa es (OLS) es ima o s o he pa ame e s in
he ixed e ec s model;
RE
– is he easible gene alised leas squa es es ima o s o he pa ame e s in he
andom e ec s model;
Va
– deno es a iance.
I he alue o
W
su passes he alue o
21l
a a gi en signi icance le el, hen he null
hypo hesis is ejec ed. Tha is,
i
u
is ela ed o he explana o y a iables, and he ixed e ec s
model should be selec ed. Con e sely, he null hypo hesis is accep ed and he andom e ec s
model should be selec ed.
AE
In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks Based
on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y Mechanism
662 Am i ea u Economic
2.2. Es ablishmen o he incen i e–penal y mechanism
(1) E alua ion o he in es men p oduc i i y based on he DEA model
DEA is a ma hema ical p og amming-based echnique o e alua ing he ela i e
pe o mance o o ganisa ions (Yan, 2019; Akba ian, 2020; Kuosmanen and Johnson, 2020;
Tohid, Mohammad and Sajad, 2020; Pou alizadeh, 2020; Yilmaz, 2023). In DEA, he
o ganisa ional uni s a e called decision-making uni s (DMUs). To enable i s applica ion o a
wide a ie y o ac i i ies, he e m DMU is used o e e o any objec ha is o be e alua ed
in e ms o i s abili y o con e inpu in o ou pu . The Cha nes–Coope –Rhodes (CCR)
model is a ype o DEA. Suppose
m
S
DMU
,
1,2, ,
i
DMU i m，
, and he inpu and
ou pu index ec o s o
i
DMU
a e
i
E
and
Oi
, espec i ely. Thus,
12
( , , , )
i i i ip
e e eE
(9)
12
, , ,
i i i iq
o o oO
(10)
whe e:
p
– is he numbe o inpu indices;
q
– is he numbe o ou pu indices.
In acco dance wi h he CCR model, he op imisa ion model o he ela i e e iciency o
i
DMU
can be es ablished as ollows:
max
1, [1, ]
0, [1, ]
..
0, [1, ]
T
i
iT
i
i
j
h
h i m
p
s
g j q
gO
E
(11)
whe e
12
, , , , ,
p
μ
,
12
, , , ,
jq
g g g gg
,
1,2
p
，
is he weigh
coe icien o
1,2
i
e p， ，
, and
12
j
g j q， ，
is he weigh coe icien o
1,2, ,
ij
o j q
. By using he Cha nes–Coope ans o ma ion:
1
iT
i
E
(12)
=
ii
μ
(13)
ii
g
(14)
whe e:
12
=( , , , , , )
i i i i ip
;
12
( , , , , , )
i i i ij iq
.
Economic In e e ences
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 69 • May 2025 663
Eq. (11) can be ans o med in o a linea p og amming p oblem, as ollows:
max
1, [1, ]
.. 1, [1, ]
0, [1, ], [1, ]
0, [1, ], [1, ]
TT
i
i i i
T
i
TT
i i i
TT
i i i
T
ii
i
ij
h
im
s im
i m p
i m j q
gO O
E
gO O
EE
E
(15)
Eq. (15) can be educed o
max
0, [1, ]
1, [1, ]
.. 0, [1, ], [1, ]
0, [1, ], [1, ]
T
i i i
TT
i i i i
T
ii
i
ij
h
im
im
s i m p
i m j q
O
EO
E
(16)
I he op imal solu ion o Eq. (16) is
1
i
h
, hen he in es men p oduc i i y o
i
DMU
( he
hi
e alua ion objec ) is he highes .
(2) Time deg ee model
The DEA allows o he assessmen o each egion's in es men p oduc i i y in ecen yea s.
E iden ly, in es men p oduc i i y ha is close o he cu en ime plays a g ea e ole, ha
is, i should be assigned a g ea e weigh ; hence, he ime deg ee model (Yage , 1988) is
in oduced o measu e in es men p oduc i i y in he cu en s udy. Time deg ee can ully
e lec he ollowing cha ac e is ic: he e ec o he new in o ma ion ou weighs ha o he
old one; ha is, he di e ence in impo ance among in o ma ion du ing e e y pe iod can be
e lec ed by di e en ime deg ee alues. The ime deg ee alues and hei co esponding
meanings a e p o ided in able no. 1.
Table no. 1. Values o ime deg ee and hei co esponding meanings
Values o Time Deg ee
Meaning
0.1
Ex emely alue new in o ma ion
0.3
Compa a i ely, alue new in o ma ion
0.5
Value bo h new in o ma ion and old in o ma ion
0.7
Compa a i ely alue old in o ma ion
0.9
Ex emely alue old in o ma ion
Sou ce: Yage R. R., 1988, p. 183-190.
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In es men Alloca ion Me hod o Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks Based
on a Panel Da a Model and an Incen i e–Penal y Mechanism
670 Am i ea u Economic
Table no. 10. Final alloca ion p opo ion o in es men amoun o 9 dis ibu ion
ne wo ks in 2022
No. o Ci y
Ci y1
Ci y2
Ci y3
Ci y4
Ci y5
Ci y6
Ci y7
Ci y8
Ci y9
Final
alloca ion
p opo ion
0.1644
0.1446
0.1021
0.0502
0.1163
0.1062
0.0963
0.1274
0.0925
Sou ce: Au ho s’ calcula ions
The inal and ini ial alloca ion p opo ions o he in es men amoun o he nine dis ibu ion
ne wo ks in 2022 a e shown in Figu e no. 3.
Figu e no. 3. The inal p opo ion and ini ial one o alloca ion o he in es men
amoun o 9 dis ibu ion ne wo ks in 2022
F om his igu e, gi en ha he comp ehensi e in es men e iciencies (do ed line) o he
dis ibu ion ne wo ks o Ci y3, Ci y4, Ci y6, and Ci y7 a e high, hei inal alloca ion
p opo ion o in es men amoun (yellow) is also highe han hei ini ial one (blue) o a
ce ain ex en . Howe e , he case is con a y o he dis ibu ion ne wo ks o he emaining
ci ies.
Conclusions
This s udy p esen s an alloca ion me hod o he amoun o in es men in dis ibu ion
ne wo ks based on a panel da a model and an incen i e–penal y mechanism. The main
conclusions d awn a e as ollows.
(1) In gene al, he ixed e ec s model exe s a good eg ession e ec on he alloca ion o
in es men amoun o dis ibu ion ne wo ks, and he e o e i can be used o he alloca ion
o in es men amoun .
(2) The DEA and he ime deg ee model can e lec he in es men p oduc i i y o each
egion; he e o e, hey can be used o adjus he ini ial alloca ion o he in es men amoun
as a ype o incen i e–penal y mechanism.
(3) The app oach sugges ed in his esea ch can mi o he cha ac e is ics o he dis ibu ion
ne wo ks in each egion, ully u ilising egional in es men ad an ages and e ec i ely
achie ing a easonable alloca ion o he in es men amoun o he dis ibu ion ne wo ks.
Economic In e e ences
AE
Vol. 27 • No. 69 • May 2025 671
In he alloca ion o he in es men amoun , he basic scale and in es men p oduc i i y o a
dis ibu ion ne wo k a e conside ed comp ehensi ely in his s udy. Howe e , minimal
a en ion is paid o ac o s ela ed o he geog aphical adjacency and in e connec ion o
dis ibu ion ne wo ks. Linkage e ec s caused by de elopmen s in he adjacen egional
dis ibu ion ne wo k may po en ially in luence he analysis o in es men bene i s. The e o e,
hese ac o s should be conside ed in he op imisa ion o he ollow-up o he alloca ion o
in es men amoun o dis ibu ion ne wo ks.
Acknowledgemen
This wo k is suppo ed by he Science and Technology P ojec o S a e G id Shanxi Elec ic
Powe Company “Resea ch and Applica ion o P ecise In es men Decision-Making in
Dis ibu ion Ne wo ks unde he Backg ound o ‘Dual Ca bon’ and New Powe Sys ems”
(5205M0230002).
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