ABSTRACT
The knowledge acqui ed du ing uni e si y educa ion abou o gan dona ion and ansplan a ion (ODT)
decisi ely in luences he in o ma ion u u e heal h p o essionals ansmi . This is impo an in ODT whe e he
pa icipa ion o he gene al public is essen ial o ob ain o gans.
OBJECTIVE: To de e mine no ions o Spanish Medicine and Nu sing s uden s on ODT, and he ela ion wi h
a i ude owa d ODT.
METHODS AND DESIGN: A sociological, mul icen e, and obse a ional s udy. Popula ion: medical and
nu sing s uden s in Spanish uni e si ies. Da abase: Collabo a i e In e na ional Dono P ojec , s a i ied by
geog aphic a ea and academic cou se. A alida ed ques ionnai e (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was sel -adminis e ed
and comple ed anonymously. Sample: 9598 medical and 10566 nu sing s uden s (99% con idence; p ecision
o ±1%), s a i ied by geog aphical a ea and yea o s udy.
RESULTS: Comple ion a e: 90%. Only 20% (n=3640) o s uden s hough hei no ions on ODT we e good;
41% (n=7531) hough hei knowledge was no mal; 36% (n=6550) said i was sca ce. Compa ing g oups:
he e we e di e ences be ween hose who belie ed ha hei no ions on ODT we e good (44% nu sing s.56%
medical s uden s;p<0.000), and hose who belie ed i sca ce (54% nu sing s.46% medical s uden s;p<0.000).
No ions on ODT we e ela ed wi h a i ude owa d he dona ion o one's own o gans: hose who conside ed
hei no ions we e good we e mo e in a o hen hose who conside ed i sca ce (88% s.72%;p<0.000).
CONCLUSION: Only 20% o Spanish medical and nu sing s uden s hough hei no ions on ODT we e good.
Ha ing good knowledge is ela ed o a a o able a i ude owa ds ODT. Recei ing speci ic in o ma ion on he
subjec could imp o e hei knowledge abou ODT du ing hei aining.
EXPLORING HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS' NOTIONS ON ORGAN DONATION AND
TRANSPLANTATION: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Ma ínez-Ala cón Lau a1,2,3,4, Ríos An onio1,2,3,4,5, Gu ié ez Ped o Ramón6,7, San ainés-Bo edá Elena8,
Gómez F ancisco Ja ie 9, Ag as-Sua ez Ma ía Concepción10, I ia e Jo ge11, Cañadas-De la Fuen e Guille mo
A u o12, He uzo Ra ael 13, Hu ado-Pa dos Bá ba a14, Blanco Ge a do15, Bá cena-Cal o Ca men16,
Llo ca F ancisco Ja ie 17, Pe elló-Campane Ca alina18, Asunsolo Angel19, A ibas-Ma in Juan Manuel20,
Sánchez Pila 21, Ga cía-Mayo Sil ia22, Fe nández Ana23, So o-Ruíz Ma ia Nelia24, de Jesús Ma ia Te esa25,
Na alón Juan Ca los26, Lana Albe o27, Be an-Nogue Ca me28, Fuen es L29, Peña-Ama o Ma ia Pila 30,
He nández JR31, Jiménez-He e a Ma ia F ancisca32, Vi seda Julio33, Blanco-Sánchez Ra aela34, Yelamos
Jose35, Cal o-Sánchez Ma ía Dolo es36, Bondía JA21, P ado-Laguna Ma ía Ca men37, González-Ga cía
Albe o38, Ma ínez-Rod íguez Adelina39, Bas-Sa mien o Pila 40, Faus-Gabandé F ancisco8, Muiños-Ál a ez
Alicia10, Pey ó-G ego i Lo e o41, He nández-Ma ínez Helena42, López-Na as Ana Isabel43, Pa illa Pascual1,2,5,
Ramí ez Pablo1,2,3,5,5
1. T ansplan Uni , Su ge y Se ice, Uni e si y Clinical Hospi al Vi gen de la A ixaca, Mu cia, Spain. 2.
Biomedical Resea ch Ins i u e o Mu cia IMIB-A ixaca, Mu cia, Spain. 3. In e na ional Collabo a i e Dono
P ojec (“P oyec o Colabo a i o In e nacional Donan e”), Mu cia, Spain. 4. Regional T ansplan Cen e.
Conseje ía de Sanidad y Consumo de la Región de Mu cia, Spain. 5. Depa men o Su ge y, Paedia ics,
Obs e ics y Gynaecology, Uni e si y o Mu cia, Spain. 6. U ology Se ice. Complejo Hospi ala io Uni e si a io
de Cana ias (CHUC). Tene i e. Spain. 7. Depa men o Su ge y (Uni e si y o La Laguna, ULL) San C is óbal
de La Laguna. Tene i e. Spain. 8. Depa men o Nu sing. Facul y o Nu sing. Uni e si y o Valencia, Spain. 9.
Uni e si y o G anada, G anada, Spain. 10. Uni e si y School o Nu sing POVISA. Uni e si y o Vigo, Spain.
11. Uni e si y o Na a a, Spain. 12. Depa men o Nu sing. Facul y o Heal h Sciences. Uni e si y o
G anada. Spain. 13. Au onomous Uni e si y o Mad id. Spain.14. Campus Docen San Joan de Deu.
Ba celona, Spain. 15. HBP Su ge y and Li e T ansplan Se icie, Complejo Hospi ala io Uni e si a io de
Badajoz, Hospi al In an a C is ina. 16. Depa men o Nu sing and Physio he apy-Nu sing A ea. Facul y o
Heal h Sciences. Uni e si y o León, Spain. 17. Uni e si y o Can ab ia, San ande . Spain. 18. Depa amen
d'In e me ia i Fisio e àpia. Uni e si a de les Illes Balea s. Spain. 19. Depa amen o de Ci ugía, Ciencias
Médicas y Sociales. Facul ad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Uni e sidad de Alcalá Campus Cien í ico-
Tecnológico. Alcala de Hena es. Mad id, Spain. 20. Escuela Uni e si a ia de En e me ía y Fisio e apia “San
Juan de Dios”. Depa amen o de Ciencias de la Salud. Uni e sidad Pon i icia Comillas. Mad id. Spain. 21.
Facul ad de Medicina. Uni e sidad de Málaga. Spain. 22. Depa amen o de En e me ía. Facul ad de Ciencias
de la Salud. Uni e sidad de Málaga. Spain. 23. Depa amen o de Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, Facul ad de
Ciencias Biomédicas. Uni e sidad Eu opea de Mad id. Spain. 24. Depa amen o Ciencias de la Salud.
Uni e sidad Pública de Na a a. Pamplona. Spain. 25. Facul ad de Medicina. Uni e sidad Rey Juan Ca los,
Mad id. Spain. 26. Hospi al Vega Baja. Depa amen o de Ci ugía Gene al. O ihuela. Alican e. Spain. 27.
Facul ad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Á ea de Medicina P e en i a y Salud Pública. Uni e sidad de
O iedo. Spain. 28. Depa amen o de En e me ía. Uni e sidad de Gi ona. G upo de in es igación Salud y
A ención Sani a ia. 29. Depa amen o de Fa macología y Fisiología. Facul ad de Ciencias de la Salud y del
Depo e. Uni e sidad de Za agoza, Spain. 30. Uni e sidad de Jaén. Spain. 31. Facul ad de Medicina.
Uni e sidad de las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain; 32. Depa amen o de En e me ía. Uni e si a Ro i a i
Vi gili. Ta agona. Spain. 33. Facul ad de Medicina. Uni e sidad de Cas illa La Mancha, Albace e. Spain. 34.
Depa amen o de En e me ía. Facul ad de Medicina. Uni e sidad Au ónoma de Ba celona. Campus UAB.
Bella e a. Ba celona. Spain. 35. Depa men o Immunology. Hospi al del Ma , Ba celona. Spain. 36. Facul ad
de De echo. Campus Miguel de Unamuno. Uni e sidad de Salamanca (USAL). Salamanca. Spain. 37.
Facul ad En e me ía. Campus de Ciudad Real. Uni e sidad de Cas illa-La Mancha. Spain. 38. Uni e sidad de
Cas illa-La Mancha. Facul ad de En e me ía de Cuenca. Spain. 39. Depa amen o En e me ía I. Facul ad de
Medicina y En e me ia. Uni e sidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU Campus de Leioa, Vizcaya. Spain. 40. Facul ad
de En e me ía. Uni e sidad de Cádiz. Spain. 41. En e me ía. Uni e sidad Ceu Ca denal He e a. Valencia.
Spain. 42. Depa amen o En e me ía y Fisio e apia. Facul ad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Uni e sidad
Alcalá. Guadalaja a. Spain. 43. Depa men o Psychology, Uni e sidad Ca ólica San An onio (UCAM). Mu cia.
Spain.
E-mail: Ma ínez-Ala cón Lau a ([email p o ec ed]); Ríos An onio ([email p o ec ed]); Gu ié ez Ped o Ramón ([email p o ec ed]);
San ainés-Bo edá Elena ([email p o ec ed]); Gómez F ancisco Ja ie ([email p o ec ed]); Ag as-Sua ez Ma ía
Concepción (subdi ec[email p o ec ed]); I ia e Jo ge ([email p o ec ed]); Cañadas-De la Fuen e Guille mo A u o
([email p o ec ed]); He uzo Ra ael ([email p o ec ed]); Hu ado Pa dos Bá ba a ([email p o ec ed]);
Blanco Ge a do ([email p o ec ed]), Bá cena-Cal o Ca men ([email p o ec ed]); Llo ca F ancisco Ja ie
([email p o ec ed]); Pe elló-Campane Ca alina ([email p o ec ed]); Asúnsolo Ángel ([email p o ec ed]);
A ibas Ma in Juan Manuel ([email p o ec ed]); Sánchez Pila ([email p o ec ed]); Ga cía Mayo Sil ia
([email p o ec ed]); Fe nández Ana ([email p o ec ed]); So o-Ruíz Ma ía Nelia ([email p o ec ed]); de
Jesús Ma ia Te esa ([email p o ec ed]); Na alón Juan Ca los ([email p o ec ed]); Lana Albe o
([email p o ec ed]); Be an Nogue Ca me ([email p o ec ed]); Fuen es L ([email p o ec ed]); Peña Ama o
Ma ia Pila ([email p o ec ed]); He nández JR ([email p o ec ed]); Jiménez-He e a Ma ía F ancisca
([email p o ec ed]); Vi seda Julio ([email p o ec ed]); Blanco Sánchez Ra aela ([email p o ec ed]);
Yélamos José ([email p o ec ed]); Cal o-Sánchez Ma ía Dolo es ([email p o ec ed]); Bondía JA ([email p o ec ed]);
P ado Laguna Ma ía Ca men ([email p o ec ed]); González-Ga cía Albe o ([email p o ec ed]); Ma ínez-
Rod íguez Adelina ([email p o ec ed]); Bas Sa mien o Pila ([email p o ec ed]); Faus Gabandé F ancisco
([email p o ec ed]); Muiños Ál a ez Alicia ([email p o ec ed]); Pey ó G ego i Lo e o ([email p o ec ed]);
He nández Ma ínez Helena ([email p o ec ed]); López-Na as Ana ([email p o ec ed]); Pa illa Pascual
([email p o ec ed]); Ramí ez Pablo ([email p o ec ed]).
Au ho ship: Con ibu ion o s udy o he Au ho s:
1) Concep ion and design: Ma ínez-Ala cón Lau a and Ríos An onio.
2) Acquisi ion o a sub an ial po ion o da a: Gu ié ez Ped o Ramón, San ainés-Bo edá Elena, Gómez F ancisco
Ja ie , Ag as-Sua ez Ma ía Concepción, I ia e Jo ge, Cañadas-De la Fuen e Guille mo A u o, Ra ael He uzo,
Hu ado-Pa dos Bá ba a, Blanco Ge a do, Bá cena-Cal o Ca men, Llo ca F ancisco Ja ie , Pe elló-Campane
Ca alina, Asunsolo Angel, A ibas Ma in Juan Manuel, Sánchez Pila , Ga cía Mayo Sil ia, Fe nández Ana, So o-
Ruíz Ma ia Nelia, de Jesús Ma ia Te esa, Na alón Juan Ca los, Lana Albe o, Be an Nogue Ca me, Fuen es L,
Peña Ama o Ma ia Pila , He nández JR, Jiménez-He e a Ma ia F ancisca, Vi seda Julio, Blanco Sánchez
Ra aela, Yelamos J, Cal o-Sánchez Ma ía Dolo es, Bondía JA, P ado Laguna Ma ía Ca men, González-Ga cía
Albe o, Ma ínez-Rod íguez Adelina, Bas Sa mien o Pila , Faus Gabandé F ancisco, Muiños Ál a ez Alicia,
Pey ó G ego i Lo e o, He nández Ma ínez Helena.
3) Analysis and in e p e a ion o da a: Ma ínez-Ala cón L, Ríos A, López-Na as A, Ramí ez P.
4) D a ing o he manusc ip : Ma ínez-Ala cón L, Ríos A, López Na as A.
5) C i ical e ision o he manusc ip o impo an in ellec ual con en : Ma ínez-Ala cón L, Ríos A, Pa illa P, Rami ez P
6) S a is ical expe ise: Ma ínez-Ala cón L and Ríos A.
7) Ob aining unding o his p ojec o s udy: Ma ínez-Ala cón L and Ríos A.
8) Supe ision: Rami ez P, Ríos A.
9) Final app o al o he e sion o be published: Ma ínez-Ala cón L, Ríos A, López-Na as A, Pa illa P, Ramí ez P.
Funding sou ces: The e a e no unding sou ces
Co esponding au ho con ac in o ma ion: D . Pablo Ramí ez Rome o. Hospi al Uni e si a io Vi gen de la A ixaca.
Se icio de Ci ugía Gene al. Unidad de T asplan es. 3ª Cen o. 30120 El Palma . Mu cia. SPAIN. Telephone numbe :
+34 968369034. Fax: +34 968369438 E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
G an in o ma ion: No g an suppo .
Key wo ds: medical and nu sing s uden s, a i ude, knowledge, no ions, o gan dona ion.
Abb e ia ions: ODT: o gan dona ion and ansplan a ion, PCID-DTO RIOS: Collabo a i e In e na ional Dono
P ojec abou o gan dona ion and ansplan a ion.
Tables: 0
Figu es: 0
Highligh s:
•Only 20% o Spanish medical and nu sing s uden s hough hei no ions on ODT we e good.
•A i ude owa d ODT is ela ed wi h ha ing speci ic knowledge on he subjec .
•Fo imp o emen in heal h sciences s uden s’ cu iculum, i is necessa y ha i should include opics
on basic and e hical aspec s o ODT.
Acknowledgemen :
Ca me Vega Mon eagudo (Campus Docen San Joan de Deu. Ba celona.); Concha Bilbao (Depa amen o de
En e me ía. Facul ad de Ciencias de la Salud. Uni e sidad de Málaga); Rosa io Olmo Gascón (Facul ad de
En e me ía de Cuenca. Uni e sidad de Cas illa-La Mancha); Mª Salúd Gi bés Llopis (En e me ía. Uni e sidad
Ceu Ca denal He e a).
INTRODUCTION: In o ma ion ecei ed abou o gan dona ion and ansplan a ion (ODT) a ec s a i ude owa d
his he apy[1]. This in o ma ion may be a o able o un a o able in e ms o ODT, which could lead o he
popula ion ha ing a mo e posi i e o nega i e a i ude[2]. The knowledge acqui ed du ing uni e si y educa ion
abou ODT decisi ely in luences he in o ma ion u u e heal h p o essionals ansmi [3,4]. This is impo an in
ODT, whe e he pa icipa ion o he gene al public is essen ial o ob ain o gans[5–7].
Un o una ely, unde g adua e medical and nu sing educa ion inadequa ely p epa es s uden s o ad oca e o
o gan dona ion[8], e en o he heal h sciences disciplines such as e e ina ians[9]. Among he ew nu sing and
medical schools ha do inco po a e o gan dona ion educa ion in o hei cu iculum, many ail o include
pe inen opics o assess s uden s’ e en ion[10].
The e o e, he objec i es o his s udy we e: 1) To de e mine no ions o Spanish Medicine and Nu sing
s uden s on ODT, and 2) o analyze he ela ion wi h a i ude owa d ODT.
METHODS: Type o s udy: A sociological, mul icen e , and obse a ional s udy. The popula ion we e medical
and nu sing s uden s in Spanish uni e si ies om he da abase o he Collabo a i e In e na ional Dono
P ojec [6,11–14], s a i ied by geog aphic a ea and academic yea . Sample size: Two g oups we e selec ed
acco ding deg ee: A sample o 9598 medical and 10566 nu sing s uden s (99% con idence; p ecision o ±1%).
Valida ed a i udinal ques ionnai e o ODT (PCID-DTO RIOS)[15,16]. This ques ionnai e includes ques ions
dis ibu ed in 4 subscales o alida ed ac o s in he Spanish popula ion, p esen ing a o al explained a iance
o 63.203% and a C onbach α eliabili y coe icien o 0.834. A e he p ojec was app o ed in each uni e si y,
he ques ionnai e was dis ibu ed in he selec ed cou ses, all supe ised by a p o esso om each o he
uni e si ies collabo a ing wi h he p ojec . P e iously, he p ojec was explained and i was indica ed ha he
pa icipa ion in he p ojec was olun a y wi h e bal consen . The ques ionnai e was comple ed anonymously
and is sel -adminis e ed. A desc ip i e s a is ic was pe o med, and es , χ 2 es , and Fishe exac es we e
pe o med. P alues less han .05 we e conside ed s a is ically signi ican .
RESULTS: Comple ion a e: 90%. Rega ding no ions on ODT, 20% (n=3640) o medical and nu sing s uden s
hough hei no ions we e good; 41% (n=7531) hough hei knowledge was no mal; 36% (n=6550) said i was
sca ce; 2% (n=359) conside ed bad hei no ions and he emainde 1% conside ed hei knowledge o be

oid. Compa ing bo h g oups o s uden s, he e we e di e ences be ween hose who belie ed ha hei
no ions on ODT we e good (44% in nu sing s. 56% medical s uden s; p<0.000), and hose who belie ed ha
we e sca ce (54% nu sing s. 46% medical s uden s; p<0.000). None o he socio-pe sonal o academic
a iables analyzed: Sex (p=0.875); age (p=0.323) o academic cou se (p=0.098), we e associa ed wi h
knowledge o he ODT.
No ions on ODT did ha e an e ec on a i ude owa d he dona ion o one's own o gans: hose who conside ed
hei no ions on ODT we e good we e mo e in a o o dona e hei o gans hen hose who conside ed sca ce
hei no ions (88% s. 72%; p<0.000).
DISCUSSION: The awa eness o o gan dona ion among heal h p o essionals is impo an a he ime o
ansplan p omo ion. In his sense, aining and sensi iza ion o u u e p o essionals a e undamen al because
hey will soon join heal h wo ke s in ac i e se ice, and a e y impo an g oup who gene a es opinions
ega ding he a i ude owa d ODT[3,17]. I has been a gued ha highe dona ion a es a e usually associa ed
wi h heal h wo ke s' inc eased awa eness o he issue. In addi ion, i hey a e going o be u u e p o essionals,
i is essen ial o hem o manage accu a e in o ma ion, wi h simple and clea concep s ha communica e wi h
socie y in a concise way o p e en i a ional social ea s[18,19]. The lack o in o ma ion could cause a
nega i e clima e in ou coun y, conside ing ha 36% o he heal h science s uden s in his s udy belie ed ha
hei no ions abou ODT we e sca ce and only 20% conside ed o ha e a “good knowledge o ODT”. I should
be no ed ha he app op ia e aining o u u e physicians and nu ses in he ODT p ocess will equi e a speci ic
knowledge abou his ma e . In ac , his knowledge is di ec ly ela ed wi h hei a i ude owa ds dona ion[3].
Cu en ly, in Spain, he e is no uni o m cu iculum equi emen o a di ec aining oppo uni y on ODT o
medical and nu sing s uden s, as occu s in o he coun ies as he Uni ed Kingdom, Poland o China [20–23].
Some s uden s and junio doc o s a e exposed o ODT by coinciden al o a ion h ough a ansplan uni [20].
Fo imp o emen in heal h sciences s uden s’ cu iculum, we ecommend ha i should include opics on basic
and e hical aspec s o ODT. In p e iously published s udies, he need o app op ia e educa ional p og ams on
o gan dona ion is o en emphasized, and p og amming on o gan ansplan a ion should be included in he
cu icula o medical and nu sing schools[20,21,24]. This will enable p ope p epa a ion o u u e medical s a
o mee he challenges posed in he ield o o gan ansplan a ion.
To conclude, only 20% o Spanish medical and nu sing s uden s hough hei no ions on ODT we e good.
Ha ing speci ic knowledge on he subjec is ela ed o a a o able a i ude owa ds ODT. Recei ing speci ic
in o ma ion on he subjec could b oaden and imp o e hei knowledge abou ODT du ing hei aining.
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