Book o Abs ac s submi ed o he IV Cong ess o Ma ine
Sciences. Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, June 11
h
o 13
h
Ti le: Book o Abs ac s submi ed o he IV Cong ess o Ma ine Sciences. Las Palmas
de G an Cana ia, June 11 h o 13 h. 488 pp.
ISBN - 10: 84-697-0471-0
ISBN - 13: 978-84-697-0471-4
Con en s
Con en s 3
In i ed alks 7
O al Communica ions 19
1 Wednesday, June 11 h ........................... 19
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences ............. 19
Coas al Managemen ....................... 19
Biological Oceanog aphy ..................... 28
Biological Oceanog aphy ..................... 32
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina ............... 39
Biogeochemical P ocesses .................... 39
Oceanog aphy ........................... 45
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 ........... 55
La ge-scale p ocesses ....................... 55
Oceanog aphy and Ma ine Clima e ................ 60
Coas al P ocesses - Small Scale P ocesses ............ 65
2 Thu sday, June 12 h ............................ 71
IV In e nacional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences ............ 71
Biological Oceanog aphy ..................... 71
Biodi e si y ............................ 81
Special Session. 100 yea s o he Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa 88
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina ...............102
Ma ine Eco oxicology and Pollu ion ...............102
Biogeochemical P ocesses ....................114
Ma ine Pollu ion and Eco oxicology ...............121
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 ...........135
Remo e Sensing Oceanog aphy - Technology o he en i onmen 135
Mesoscale P ocesses .......................142
Ocean and Clima e Change - Ope a ional Oceanog aphy ....148
Ope a ional Oceanog aphy ....................152
3 F iday, June 13 h .............................161
Sala Tene i e ...............................161
3
4CONTENTS
Physical Oceanog aphy - Technology ..............161
Ocean Modelling - Coas al Managemen .............171
Ma ine Cul u es ..........................179
Geological Oceanog aphy ....................185
Sala G an Cana ia .............................196
Geological Oceanog aphy ....................196
Chemical Oceanog aphy .....................210
Geological Oceanog aphy ....................216
Fishe ies ..............................222
Sala Je ´
onimo Saa ed a ..........................229
Biological Oceanog aphy .....................229
Biodi e si y ............................237
Biological Oceanog aphy .....................246
Biodi e si y - Bio echnology ...................251
Pos e ’s Abs ac s 257
1 Wednesday, June 11 h ...........................257
Gene al Topics ..............................257
Biodi e si y ................................260
Bio echnology ...............................262
Ma ine Cul u es ..............................266
Coas al Managemen ...........................270
Biological Oceanog aphy .........................272
Geological Oceanog aphy .........................285
Fishe ies ..................................292
Ma ine Pollu ion and Eco oxicology ...................300
Oceanog aphy ...............................325
Biogeochemical P ocesses ........................327
2 Thu sday, June 12 h ............................330
Gene al Topics ..............................330
Biodi e si y ................................332
Ma ine Cul u es ..............................341
Coas al Managemen ...........................351
Biological Oceanog aphy .........................357
Geological Oceanog aphy .........................363
Fishe ies ..................................377
Subma ine E up ion a El Hie o .....................378
Ocean and Clima e Change ........................388
Ope a ional Oceanog aphy ........................394
Remo e Sensing Oceanog aphy ......................398
La ge-scale P ocesses ...........................403
CONTENTS 5
Small-scale P ocesses ...........................408
Coas al P ocesses .............................411
Mesoscale P ocesses ...........................414
Technologies o he en i onmen .....................420
3 F iday, June 13 h .............................421
Gene al Topics ..............................421
Biodi e si y ................................423
Bio echnology ...............................427
Ma ine Cul u es ..............................433
Coas al Managemen ...........................437
Ocean Modelling .............................445
Biological Oceanog aphy .........................449
Physical Oceanog aphy ..........................460
Geological Oceanog aphy .........................463
Chemical Oceanog aphy .........................473
Fishe ies ..................................477
Clima e Change ..............................486

In i ed alks
Fueling he biological pump
Jo ge L Sa mien o1, Jaime B. Pal e 2, G eg de Souza1, and Ca olina Du ou 1
1P og am in A mosphe ic and Oceanic Sciences, P ince on Uni e si y, P ince on, New
Je sey 08544, USA
2Depa men o A mosphe ic and Oceanic Sciences, McGill Uni e si y, Quebec, Canada
Abs ac
Sedimen aps sugges ha abou one- hi d o he pa icula e o ganic ma e lux a 200 m con inues pas
he base o he main he mocline. I nu ien s los by his pa icle sinking we e no eplaced, he mocline
nu ien s would be deple ed wi hin 50 yea s. How do hese nu ien s e u n om he deep ocean back
o he he mocline and hence o he su ace? In his p esen a ion, I will p o ide an o e iew o ecen
desc ip i e and modeling s udies o he la ge scale me idional o e u ning ci cula ion and eddy mixing
p ocesses ha b ing he nu ien s up om he abyss and anspo hem in o he su ace egions whe e
hey a e again a ailable o uel he biological pump.
7
In i ed alks
Ea h Sys em Models and Upwelling Sys ems: Ad ances and Imple-
men a ion in he S udy o he Cali o nia Cu en Ecosys em
F ancisco We ne 1and En ique Cu chi se 2
1Sou hwes Fishe ies Science Cen e , NOAA, La Jolla, CA, USA
2Ru ge s Uni e si y, New B unswick, NJ, USA
Abs ac
Eas e n Bounda y Upwelling Sys ems (EBUS, such as he Cali o nia Cu en , he Pe u-Humbold , he
Benguela and he Cana y Cu en ) a e highly p oduc i e and a e subjec o physical o cing a sho scales
(e.g., local winds and opog aphy on scales o kms and weeks), emo ely o ced in e media e scales such
as El Ni˜
no, in e decadal basin scales such as he Paci ic Decadal Oscilla ion ( he PDO), and secula cli-
ma e change. To p ope ly cap u e he physical esponse o EBUS equi es ha he a mosphe ic, land and
ocean componen s be dynamically coupled. Simila ly, he biological componen equi es ha bo om-up
d i e s (such as lowe ophic biogeochemical p ocesses) and op-down d i e s (such as ha es ing by
ishing lee s) be included simul aneously. The explici inclusion o hese p ocesses equi es an Ea h
Sys em Modeling o mula ion, which will be desc ibed in his p esen a ion using he Cali o nia Cu en
Ecosys em as a case s udy.
8 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
La in es igaci´
on del ma en Espa˜
na: e lexiones desde Finis Te ae.
Emilio Fe n´
andez
Ges o del Plan Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog´
ıa Ma ina. Sec e a ´
ıa de Es ado de
In es igaci´
on, Desa ollo e Inno aci´
on.
Abs ac
Las ciencias y ecnolog´
ıas ma inas espa˜
nolas han expe imen ado un no able desa ollo y una p o unda
ans o maci´
on en las ´
ul imas dos d´
ecadas. Es e cambio p o undo se e idencia en el n´
ume o y ni el de
excelencia de nues os in es igado es, en la calidad de los p oduc os que de ellos emanan y en la mod-
e nizaci´
on de las in aes uc u as de in es igaci´
on. Sin emba go, a pesa de es e signi ica i o a ance,
nues o sis ema de I+D oda ´
ıa p esen a debilidades es uc u ales y ba e as ins i ucionales que di icul-
an su desa ollo, limi an su p oyecci´
on in e nacional y, en de ini i a, es an ene g´
ıa pa a a on a los
e os que debemos a on a en los p ´
oximos a˜
nos. En la p esen aci´
on, se apo a ´
an da os y e lexiones
pe sonales sob e el ma co es a ´
egico en el que se inse a la in es igaci´
on de los oc´
eanos an o en Eu opa
como en Espa˜
na, sob e los ins umen os de inanciaci´
on y sob e el papel de las in aes uc u as singula es
de in es igaci´
on, en e o os. Finalmen e, y con el ´
animo de susci a el deba e en la comunidad in es i-
gado a, docen e y en los alumnos, compa i ´
e algunas ideas y p opues as en es ´
ambi os pa icula men e
sensibles: la a qui ec u a ins i ucional de nues o sis ema de I+D ma ino, la o ganizaci´
on, isibilidad
e impac o social de los p o esionales que es udian el ma y la plani icaci´
on, con isi´
on es a ´
egica, del
p oceso de o maci´
on de las nue as gene aciones de ocean´
og a os.
Wednesday, June 11 h 9
In i ed alks
‘Suspended’ pa icula e o ganic ma e : A majo unconside ed ca -
bon sink in he ocean?
Ja ie A ´
ıs egui
Ma ine Sciences Facul y, Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
Abs ac
The majo i y o pa icula e o ganic ma e (POM) in he ocean is hough o be o med by ine ‘sus-
pended’ (slow-sinking) pa icles (sPOM), which migh be exchanged h ough isopycnal anspo . Ne -
e heless, s udies on o ganic ca bon luxes and biogeochemical models in he global ocean a e mos ly
based on as -sinking pa icles collec ed wi h sedimen aps, in spi e o he equen ly epo ed imbal-
ance wi h oxygen consump ion a es in he da k ocean. Recen e idence indica es, howe e , ha in
eas e n and wes e n bounda y cu en s sPOM is on a e age 4-5 µM highe in he 200-2000 m han in
he cen al Gy es, yielding a signi ican ca bon pool suscep ible o being espi ed o exchanged wi h he
ocean in e io . In he mesopelagic zone, ma ked peaks in sPOM, mic obial abundances and me abolic
ac i i y a e obse ed, coinciding wi h s abili y g adien s be ween wa e mass in e aces o wi h on al
s uc u es ela ed o mesoscale ea u es. Es ima es o ho izon al anspo and consump ion o suspended
ca bon (sPOC) in he sub opical No heas A lan ic indica e ha la e al sPOC luxes in he mesopelagic
zone may be up o h ee o de s o magni ude highe han e ical luxes collec ed wi h sedimen aps,
la gely con ibu ing o he da k ocean espi a ion. These esul s sugges ha bounda y cu en s may
suppo highe la e al expo o coas al-p oduced o ganic ca bon han p e iously assumed. A la ge ac-
ion o his sPOC would howe e be emine alized in he uppe 1000 m o hese egions ins ead being
anspo ed o he ocean in e io o he sub opical Gy es: a hypo hesis suppo ed by ecen indings o a
p e e en ial li e mode o p oka yo es in associa ion wi h suspended pa icles. I he la e al sPOC luxes
es ima ed in he NE A lan ic a e con i med o o he bounda y egions, he coas al-open ocean sPOC
anspo migh play a key, bu p e iously unconside ed, ole in he global ca bon cycle o he oceans.
16 Wednesday, June 11 h

O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
The Oceanic Pla o m o he Cana y Islands: an in as uc u e o
boos he ma ine-ma i ime R&D+I and i s con ibu ion o sus ain-
able g ow h
Oc a io Llin´
as
Pla a o ma Oce´
anica de Cana ias. Cana y Islands, Spain
Wednesday, June 11 h 17
O al Communica ions
1 Wednesday, June 11 h
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Coas al Managemen
Ges i´
on Cos e a Sos enible del Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Adelina Gonz´
alez Mu˜
noz
Concejala Delegada de Ciudad de Ma , Ayun amien o de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Abs ac
The li o al o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia has 42 km, he e a e ma ine ese es, he bigges po o he
Mid A lan ic, a ishing e uge and ou beaches. The bo n o he Ciudad de Ma Depa men done by
he Ci y Hall in 2011 has enabled he de elopmen o i s s a egy based on ou pilla s (a. Open sea
ci y; b. De elop he sea cul u e; c. P omo e he sea cul u e; d. Maximize he business and g ow h
oppo uni ies) ha consolida e he ocus on he sus ainable managemen and he empowe men o he
endogenous asse s. This pape desc ibes he me hodologhy and ema ks some examples like he San a
Ca alina Ma i ime Pa k, FIMAR, he Cono Su ’s de elopmen li o al plan o he mic oa ea eco u is im
in he beach o Las Can e as.
19
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
E olu ion and dynamical beha iou o a ba ie -lagoon sys em (Cies Island, NW Spain): wha o
achie e o p ese a ion?
Alejo, I.1, P´
e ez-Es ´
e ez, C.1, Cos as, S.2, Villacie os-Robineau, N.3, P´
e ez-A lucea, M.1, Nombela,
M.A.1, F anc´
es, G.1, Sanz, V.4, Mena, A.1, Gonz´
alez-Villanue a, R.1
1Ma ine Geoscience Dep ., Ma ine Sciences Facul y, Uni e si y o Vigo, Spain
2LNEG (Na ional Labo a o y o Ene gy and Geology), Lisbon, Po ugal
3Ins i u o de In es igaciones Ma inas, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
4Mas e in Oceanog aphy 2013-14, Ma ine Sciences Facul y, Uni e si y o Vigo, Spain
Abs ac
P esen wo k is ocus on he dynamic beha iou o a peculia ba ie -lagoon sys em loca ed in a Na ional
Pa k (Ma i ime- e es ial Na ional Pa k o A lan ic Islands o Galicia), in o de o p edic i s u u e
e olu ion and con ibu e o i s p ese a ion. This sys em is backwa d o ien a ed om he exposed coas
(whe e is pe manen communica ion, which has been es ic ed since he las decades) and acing he
shel e ed ma gin o he islands. F esh wa e inpu is only con olled by he ain- all and eeding by i e s
is inexis en .
This sys em had egis e ed impo an mo phological changes since 1949, showing se e e e osion p ob-
lems oge he wi h an in ensi e lagoon in illing which seems o be ela ed wi h he o al ex inc ion o
he seag ass communi y (zos e a sp.) wi hin he las 5 yea s. This ac cons i u e a g ea los o he
ecosys em iches o he Na ional Pa k and make a wo y poin abou which will be he nea u u e o he
lagoon.
E osion p oblems a e loca ed a he no he n pa o he sand ba ie which is he a ea whe e an epheme al
inle is de eloped unde s o my pe iods and sp ing high ides. E osion comp ise beach e ea , dune
des uc ion and he dec ease o he be m heigh making i e e y yea mo e ulne able o o e swash
p ocesses. Unde he exposed ci cums ances, he ul ima e goal o he p esen s udy is o e alua e he
possibili y o es o a ion he lagoon ecosys em and p e en he e osion p oblem a he sand ba ie .
P e ious s udies ha e been ca ied ou dealing wi h he ba ie building, in a geological ime scale: basin
in illing, ansg essi e deposi s and sand ba ie ins au a ion and agg ada ion. S udies abou he beach
dynamic ha e been also p e iously achie ed, e ealing a low-ene gy shel e ed beach which mo phology
is inhe i ed om high-ene gy e en s showing a non equilib ium s a e wi h he p e ailing condi ions.
Fo he p esen s udy se e al echniques ha e been applied: Wa e le el in and ou he laggon moni o ed
since Sep embe 2009 wi h P essu e T ansduce s o con ol daily/seasonal ma ine wa e exchange and
idal p ism beha io inside he lagoon; SMS-wa e model o cha ac e ize open sea wa e pa e ns; cu en
me e s o e alua e sedimen anspo in o he lagoon; anemome e column o e alua e aeolian sedimen
supply om he ba ie ; opog aphy/ba hyme y su eys.
A 3D opog aphic model was ob ained wi h Te es ial Lase Scanne , oge he wi h seasonals ba hy-
me ic su eys o bo h lagoon and nea sho e a ea. Addi ional su eying was made a inle a ea unde
di e en ma ine clima e condi ions, wi h bo h closed and open inle . Se e al maps, including looding
and alling models, has been p oduce using se e al p og ams o e alua ed wa e olume exchange and
associa ed sedimen dis ibu ion unde di e en wa e clima e si ua ions, using he eco ded wa e s ages.
Acknowledgemen s: This esea ch was suppo ed by he CATARINA P ojec (CTM2010-17141/MAR),
Spanish MICINN and FEDER 2007-2012.
20 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Sui abili y o he BOPA index o he assessmen o he ecological quali y s a us o he coas al
wa e s o he Gul o Valencia
Dami´
an, A., Tena, J. & To es, J.
INDEMAR. Ca holic Uni e si y o Valencia
Abs ac
The Eu opean Wa e F amewo k Di ec i e (WFD) encou ages he use o he Ecological Quali y S a us
(EQS) as a quali a i e measu e o acili a e en i onmen al e alua ion and applica ion o conse a ion
policies. Fo he pas 9 yea s, bo h he BOPA and he AMBI indices we e used o assess he EQS o
he coas al wa e s o he Gul o Valencia. The BOPA index has been c i icized o i s endency o
o e es ima e he ecological quali y. Howe e , he use o BOPA has se e al ad an ages such as i s lesse
cos ; independence om he sampling me hod used, and educed chance o bea ing iden i ica ion e o s.
Fu he mo e, i s abili y o de ec changes in o ganic ma e con en and hyd oca bons in ma ine sedimen-
a y communi ies has been con i med. AMBI is a mul i a ia e index which in eg a es in o ma ion om
he abundance o a my iad o annelid, mollusk, c us acean and echinode m species comp ised in he lis
upda ed by AZTI. AMBI accoun s on many ep esen a i es o he ben hic communi y, so i has been
ega ded as a e e ence index agains which o he indices can be compa ed. He e we a emp o e alua e
how a BOPA o e es ima es AMBI, wha a e he unde lying ac o s o his di e ence, and how o im-
p o e i s accu acy in ou egion. Resul s show ha i is possible o o e come he inaccu acies by adding
a co ec i e ac o o he index. Mo eo e , i is obse ed ha amphipod equencies ail o iden i y shi s
in he ecological quali y and he e o e should be le aside om he equa ion, using a cons an ins ead.
The applica ion o hese amendmen s would ende a cheape and mo e accu a e indica o o he EQS
o he Valencian wa e s. Hence, he applica ion o a modi ied index, he ValenBOPA, is p oposed o i s
use in u he s udies o he ecological quali y o his a ea.
Wednesday, June 11 h 21

IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Reducing ship s ike isks while moni o ing ce aceans in he Cana y Islands and S ai o Gib al-
a
Mayol, P., Cou a , J., Gau ie , P., Ba ajas, B.
Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Abs ac
Be ween 1950 and 2010, wo ld shipping inc eased by 5% pe yea . In 2010, i was 17 imes as big as in
1950 (S op o d, 2010). Since 2009, he wo ld shipping lee inc eased by 37% (UNCTAD, 2012). And
his a ic is expec ed o keep ising in he coming yea s.
This in ense shipping a ic some imes o e laps wi h a eas o high la ge ce acean densi y. These a eas
can be impo an eeding g ounds (Bake and Madon, 2007), b eeding g ounds (Ma inez and Guzman,
2008; No a ba olo di Scia a e al., 2008) o o hei mig a ion be ween hem (Whi e al., 2013).
Because o his o e lap, ships some imes collide wi h ce aceans. Wo ldwide, collisions be ween ships
and la ge ce aceans ha e been inc easing o se e al decades. In his sense, acco ding o numbe o
eco ded and alida ed cases in he In e na ional Whaling Commission, collisions in he 1950s we e
almos nonexis en , bu in he 2009s ha e become almos 200. The e a e many places in he wo ld ha
p esen egula occu ence o collisions: USA, Canada, Japan and he Medi e anean Sea.
In Spain, he wo a eas mos a isk o collision a e he Cana y Islands and he S ai o Gib al a , be-
cause o he o e lap be ween an in ense ma i ime a ic and a e y high di e si y and concen a ion o
ce aceans. Acco ding o he Cana y Islands Go e nmen be ween 1998 and 2005, 54 cases o collision
o essels wi h ce aceans we e epo ed, especially wi h spe m whales (Conseje ´
ıa de Medio Ambien e
y O denaci´
on Te i o ial. Gobie no de Cana ias, 2009). This ac can endange he conse a ion o hese
popula ions a medium and long e m.
Today, ele en species a e conside ed o be suscep ible o ship s ikes (Van Wae ebeek and Leape , 2008).
These can e en ep esen a eal o po en ial h ea o se e al la ge ce acean popula ions a ound he wo ld
(De S ephanis and U quiola, 2006). The popula ion mos emblema ic is he No h A lan ic igh whales,
bu in whales, spe m whales, humpback whales, blue whales and B yde’s whales a e also egula ic ims
o hese acciden s.
These ship s ikes can also be de imen al o shipping companies. They can cause signi ican damage
some imes necessi a ing d y dock epai . In addi ion o epai cos s, hese damages lead o a sho all o
he company (IWC, 2008). The public image o he company, in e ms o en i onmen al impac and on-
boa d sa e y, can also be de e io a ed. Indeed, se e al ship s ikes led o passenge s and c ew membe s
being mo e o less se e ely inju ed (Lais e al., 2001) and wo cases o dea h we e epo ed ollowing a
collision wi h a ce acean (De S ephanis and U quiola, 2006).
Many in e na ional o ganiza ions like he In e na ional Whaling Commission (IWC), he In e na ional
Ma i ime O ganiza ion (IMO) and ACCOBAMS (Ag eemen on he Conse a ion o Ce aceans o he
Black Sea, Medi e anean Sea and con iguous A lan ic a ea) ag eemen s, among o he s, sha e he same
objec i es o educing he isk o collisions be ween ships and la ge ce aceans (Cou a and Gambiani,
2013).
Wo ldwide, se e al measu es ha e been implemen ed in o de o educe he isk o collision, as ad ised
he In e na ional Ma i ime O ganisa ion. As a esul , among o he measu es, shipping lanes in he many
places we e modi ied o limi a ic wi hin whale habi a and speed limi a ions in some a eas wi h high
concen a ion o whales. Also, hey ha e been designed a lo o echnological ools like, o exam-
ple, in a ed ision sys em o passi e acous ic sys ems, bu no mally a e e y expensi e sys em o a e
ine icien .
22 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Pa icula y, in Spain, he shipping lanes mo ed o sho e in Cabo de Ga a o imp o e ma i ime na iga ion
in he T a ic Sepa a ion Sheme (TSS) and educe he amoun o shipping in a Special A ea o Conse -
a ion o bo lenose dolphins. In addi ion, in he S ai o Gib al a , due o he cons uc ion o a new
ha bo on he Mo occan coas (Tange Med) he TSS was modi ied. In o de o educe he isk o col-
lisions, a No ice o Ma ine s was published in 2007 by he Hyd og aphic Ins i u e o he Spanish Na y,
whe e measu es we e ecommended wi hin an a ea mos equen ed by spe m whales called “C i ical
A ea”. They ecommend o all ships o na iga ion wi h cau ion and limi hei speed o 13kn be ween
Ap il and Augus (IHM, 2007). Howe e , hese measu es a en’ su icien o minimize he h ea o la ge
ce aceans.
Among he solu ions de eloped o educe he isk o ship s ikes is he REPCET (REal- ime Plo ing
o CETaceans) sys em: a collabo a i e compu e ool o use in comme cial shipping. The concep is
simple: e e y sigh ing o la ge ce aceans by wa chkeeping pe sonnel on boa d a essel equipped wi h
REPCET is ansmi ed by sa elli e in eal- ime o a se e loca ed on land. The se e hen cen alises
he da a and sends ou an ale o equipped essels ha a e likely o be a ec ed. The ale s a e displayed
ca og aphically on a dedica ed sc een on boa d.
In addi ion o accu a ely posi ioning he whale sigh ings, he sys em calcula es and displays associa ed
isk zones. These shaded, e ol ing ci cula a eas co espond o he isk o encoun e ing he ini ially
de ec ed animal.
The da abase is hus buil up o e ime, and is made a ailable o all scien i ic communi y wi h a wo old
objec i e: o imp o e ou knowledge o ce aceans o e moni o ing o ce aceans, and e en ually o im-
p o e he pe o mance and p ecision o he REPCET sys em.
Cu en ly, he REPCET sys em is being de eloped in he Pelagos Sanc ua y, in he Ligu ian Sea. The e
a e al eady 11 ships equipped wi h he REPCET sys em bu o ob ain g ea e e icacy o educe he isk
o collision is necessa y o inc ease he numbe o ships equipped.
In Spain, The REPCET sys em is suppo ed by he Spanish En i onmen Minis y, he ACCOBAMS
ag eemen , he Spanish Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy and Las Palmas de G an Cana ia Uni e si y, among
o he s.
Re e ences
Bake , A.N. and Madon, B. (2007) - B yde’s whales (Balaenop e a c . b ydei Olsen 1913) in he Hau aki Gul and no heas e n New
Zealand wa e s.
Cou a , J. and Gambiani, D. (2013) – E alua ion o he echnical solu ions and managemen measu es implemen ed a he in e na ional
le el o educe he isks o collisions be ween ships and la ge ce acean. Sep embe 2013. 100p.
De S ephanis, R. and U quiola, E. (2006) - Collisions be ween ships and ce aceans in Spain. In e na ional Whaling Commission Scien i ic
Commi ee. Documen SC/58/BC5.
Gobie no de Cana ias. Conseje ´
ıa de Medio Ambien e y O denaci´
on Te i o ial. Ac i i ies on ce aceans ca ied ou by he Cana y Islands
Go e nmen in 2008 and Re iew o his o ic da a eco ds o ce aceans and ship s ike in he cana y islands. IWC/61/cc16-(sp). Junio 2009.
IHM (2007) - A isos a los Na egan es, G upo 05, 03. Insi i u o Hyd og a ico de la Ma ina. Seccion 4.1. Feb e o 2007. 2pp.
IWC (2008) - Thi d P og ess Repo o he Conse a ion Commi ee. Ship S ike Wo king G oup. 60 h Annual Con e ence o he In e na-
ional Whaling Commission. IWC/60/CC 3. May 2008. 15p.
Lais , D.W., Knowl on, A.R., Mead, J.G., Colle , A.S. and Podes a, M. (2001) - Collisions be ween ships and whales. Ma ine Mammal
Science. 17: 35-75p.
Ma inez, D.P. and Guzman, J. (2008) - Whales and he ci y: A sou he n igh whale ship s ike scena io in Peninsula Valdes? 60 h Annual
Con e ence o he In e na ional Whaling Commission. Scien i ic Commi ee. San iago, Chile. SC/60/BC4.18p.
No a ba olo di Scia a, G., Aga dy, T., Hy enbach, D., Sco azzi, T. and Van Kla e en, P. (2008) - The Pelagos Sanc ua y o Medi e anean
ma ine mammals. Aqua ic Conse a ion: Ma ine and F eshwa e Ecosys ems. 18: 367-391p.
UNCTAD (2012) - Re iew o ma i ime anspo 2012. Uni ed Na ion Con e ence on T ade And De elopmen . 196p.
Van Wae ebeek, K. and Leape , R. (2008) - Second epo o he IWC Vessel S ike Da a S anda disa ion Wo king G oup. SC/60/BC5.
In e na ional Whaing Commission Scien i ic Commi ee. 8pp.
Wednesday, June 11 h 23
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Whi , A.D., Dudzinski, K. and Lalibe ´
e, J.R. (2013) - No h A lan ic igh whale dis ibu ion and seasonal occu ence in nea sho e wa e s
o New Je sey, USA, and implica ions o managemen .
24 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
En i onmen al quali y o sedimen s a ec ed by was ewa e discha ges a Spanish coas al a eas
du ing he summe season.
Ma anho, L. A.1,2, DelValls, T. A.1, Ma ´
ın-D´
ıaz, M. L.1,2
1Andalusian Cen e o Ma ine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Polygon R´
ıo
San Ped o, s/n, 11510, Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
2UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Physical Chemical Depa men , Facul y o Ma ine and En i onmen al
Sciences, Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Polygon R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, 11510, Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
Abs ac
Municipal e luen s a e complex mix u es o chemical con aminan s being dis inguished in wo g oups:
nu ien s and pollu an s. While he elease o nu ien s may p oduce eu ophica ion e en s, o he sub-
s ances such as me als, hyd oca bons, pes icides and pha maceu ical and pe sonal ca e p oduc s (PPCPs)
a e ound in was ewa e discha ges. The emo al e iciency o xenobio ics om he in luen s o was ew-
a e ea men plan s (WWTPs) a ies g ea ly wi h he seasonali y, he quan i ies o PPCPs ha a e being
used o he popula ion, he unc ion o he p ope ies o he indi idual con aminan and he ype o
was ewa e ea men being applied. The municipal e luen s om he ci ies loca ed in he Bay o C´
adiz
(SW, Spain) a e conside ed impo an sou ces o con amina ion o he local ma ine and es ua ine en-
i onmen s by indus ial, domes ic and ag icul u e esidues. The popula ion comp ises 460.000 inhabi-
an s which inc eases a ound 30% in he summe pe iod. These an h opogenic subs ances a e discha ged
cons an ly in aqua ic sys ems and can accumula e a bo om sedimen s which play an impo an en i on-
men al ole as a sink and/o sou ce o con aminan s. Sedimen s can be emobilized, and con aminan s
may be bioa ailable o he wa e column a ec ing he associa ed bio a. Gene al guidelines o en i-
onmen al isk assessmen (ERA) o sedimen desc ibe bioassays speci ied in s anda ds p ocedu es o
d edged ma e ial, as he ones chosen in he p esen s udy. I is ecommended o ERA o sedimen s he
e alua ion o di e en sedimen phases. In he p esen s udy, bulk sedimen oxici y es s we e applied by
using wo o ganisms and wo endpoin s: Ampelisca b e ico nis amphipod mo ali y and he biolumines-
cence inhibi ion o he bac e ia Vib io ische i (Mic o ox® Solid Phase Tes – SPT). Sedimen elu ia e
oxici y es s we e applied by using ou o ganisms and h ee endpoin s: bioluminescence inhibi ion o
V. ische i (Mic o ox® Basic Phase Tes - BPT), emb yogenesis success o he sea-u chin Pa acen o us
li idus and he g ow h a e o he mic oalgae Isoch ysis galbana and Te aselmis chuii. This s udy was
ca ied ou using sedimen s om six di e en sampling s a ions du ing he summe season, including
i e a eas in sal -ma sh di ec ly a ec ed by was ewa e discha ges (P1 – P5) and one con ol si e (P6).
The ci ies in ol ed a e loca ed in he Bay o C´
adiz (SW, Spain): Chiclana de la F on e a - P1, Pue o
Real - P2, C´
adiz - P3, El Pue o de San a Ma ´
ıa - P4 and P5, and Ro a - P6 (con ol si e).
Signi ican ly (p <0.05) highe pe cen age o amphipod mo ali y in compa ison wi h he con ol was
egis e ed in P1, P2 and P4. I was possible o classi y he s a ions acco ding o he le el o oxici y using
Mic o ox® SPT: P1>P4>P2>P3, conce ning he IC50 eco ded a 30 minu es. I was no possible o
calcula e he IC50 applying Mic o ox® BPT due o ho mesis. Fo sea-u chin emb yola al de elopmen
assay, sedimen s om P1, P3 and P5 showed high pe cen age o abno mal de elopmen compa ed o he
con ol (p <0.05). Si es P1, P2 and P4 inhibi ed he g ow h a e o T. chuii compa ed o he con ol (p
<0.05).
Sedimen a ec ed by WWTP in Chiclana de la F on e a (P1) was conside ed he mos oxic s udied a ea,
ollowed by Pue o Real (P2), El Pue o de San a Ma ´
ıa (P4) and C´
adiz (P3). The esul s highligh ed
he impo ance o a mul i- ophic ba e y o bioassays applied o di e en sedimen phases, species and
exposu e- imes. I is ecommended he design o a ba e y o acu e oxici y (e.g. su i al o amphipods)
Wednesday, June 11 h 25
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Biological Oceanog aphy
S uc u al and chemical de enses win agains nu i ional con en s o algae on he eeding beha io
o ju eniles sea u chins.
Ad iana Rod ´
ıguez1, Sab ina Clemen e1, Jos´
e Ca los He n´
andez1, I ma Ga c´
ıa2, Albe o B i o1
and Mikel C. Bece o3.
1Biodi e sidad, Ecolog´
ıa Ma ina y Conse aci´
on. Dp o Biolog´
ıa Animal, Eda olog´
ıa y Geolog´
ıa. UDI
Ciencias Ma inas. Facul ad de Biolog´
ıa. Uni e sidad de La Laguna
2Dp o. Biolog´
ıa Animal, Eda olog´
ıa y Geolog´
ıa. UDI Fisiolog´
ıa Animal. Facul ad de Biolog´
ıa. Uni e -
sidad de La Laguna
3Ins i u o de P oduc os Na u ales y Ag obiolog´
ıa. Cen o Supe io de In es igaciones Cien ´
ı icas (IPNA-
CSIC)
Abs ac
He bi o y is a s ong o ce con olling he s uc u e o ecosys ems. G aze s consume o e 20% o global
annual ne p ima y p oduc i i y. This p essu e depends in pa on hei eeding p e e ences, which a y
among and wi hin he bi o e species. He bi o y in ben hic ma ine sys ems is mo e in ense han in e es-
ial sys ems, up o h ee imes highe han in e es ial ege a ion. Seaweeds a e p oduce species ha
acili a e he unc ioning o whole communi ies (p o iding habi a , e uge and ood), and hei ela i e
dominance o en depends on g azing p essu es. Some seaweeds can de e he bi o es by mo phological,
nu i ional and chemical de enses, and se e al de ensi e mechanisms may be unc ioning simul ane-
ously. Howe e , li le is known abou he ela i e impo ance o hese mechanisms simul aneously. To
add ess hese issues, we ocused on s udying eeding beha io on wo key mesog aze s: ju eniles o he
sea u chins Diadema a icanum and Pa acen o us li idus.
We chose 15 species o algae commonly ound in ben hic ecosys ems o he Cana y Islands: se en b own
algae (Colpomenia sinuosa,Cys osei a abies-ma ina,D. dicho oma,Halop e is scopa ium,Lobopho a
a iega a,Padina pa onica and S ypopodium zonale), ou ed algae (Aspa agopsis axi o mis,Co alina
elonga a,Gelidium cana iensis and Lophocladia ichoclados) and ou g een algae (Cladopho a liebe-
u hii,Codium in e ex um,Ul a comp essa and Ul a igida). We s udied he nu i ional con en o
each algal species es ima ing he p opo ion o ca bohyd a es, lipids, p o eins and ashes. By means o
labo a o y expe imen s we s udied consump ion a es by sea u chins, ei he wi h s uc u e ( esh algae),
wi hou s uc u e (a i icial ood), and wi h chemical ex ac s o each species o algae.
Resul s o each eeding expe imen we e exp essed as pe cen age o consump ion o each alge by each
o he wo sea u chin species. Gi en ha each expe imen al ial (wi h s uc u e, wi hou s uc u e, and
chemical ex ac s) was un independen ly, we used a me a-analysis o combine all esul s and o compa e
he magni ude o mo phological o chemical de enses o algal species in de e ing he bi o es.
Ou esul showed di e ences in eeding beha io be ween species o ju enile sea u chins. The e was
no any ela ionship be ween he nu i ional con en s and consump ion a es o any o he s udied species
o algae. Howe e , he s uc u e and chemical de enses o algae species played an impo an ole on
he eeding beha io o he s udied he bi o es. The s uc u e o algae species was a limi ing ac o o
ju eniles o P. li idus and he chemical ac o did no de e he bi o ism in any species o ju enile sea
u chins.
32 Wednesday, June 11 h

O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Ecophysiological esponses o Cys osei a ama isci olia and Ellisolandia elonga a:in si u ansplan
expe imen
Celis-Pl´
a1, P., Ko bee, N.1, Quin ano E.2, Ga c´
ıa-S´
anchez M.3Ma ´
ınez, B.4, Figue oa, F.L.1
1Depa men o Ecology, Facul y o Science, Uni e si y o M´
alaga, 29071M´
alaga, Spain
2Depa men o Plan Biology and Ecology, Facul y o Science and Technology, Uni e si y o he Basque
Coun y (UPV/EHU). PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
3Depa men o Ecology and Hid ology, Facul y o Biology. Regional Campus o In e na ional Excel-
lence ”Campus Ma e Nos um”, Uni e si y o Mu cia, 30100 Mu cia, Spain
4Biology and Geology Depa men , Rey Juan Ca los Uni e si y, 28933M´
os oles, Spain
Abs ac
Sho - e m ecophysiological and biochemical esponses o sola i adiance and nu ien s o Cys osei a
ama isci olia Papen uss (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) and Ellisolandia elonga a (Ellis & Solande ) Hind &
Saunde s (Flo ideophyceae, Co allinales) we e analyzed in si u in oligo ophic coas al wa e s by ans-
e ing mac oalgae g owing a 0.5 and 2.0 m dep h o su ace wa e s unde wo di e en i adiances
(100% and 70% o he su ace i adiance) and nu ien (en iched and non-en iched) condi ions. Physio-
logical esponses o bo h species we e a ec ed by bo h i adiance and nu ien condi ions, wi h signi i-
can in e ac ions be ween bo h ac o s. C. ama isci olia collec ed a 0.5 m and exposed o 70% su ace
i adiance showed he highes maximum elec on anspo a e, sa u a ed i adiance (EkETR) and Chla
con en and he lowes an ioxidan ac i i y. Unde he same condi ions, E. elonga a showed inc eases
in EkETR, an he axan hin and β-ca o ene. In 100% su ace i adiance condi ions, C. ama isci olia
collec ed om 2.0 m dep h showed inc eases in all pho osyn he ic pa ame e s as in an he axan hin and
polyphenol con en s. In con as , E. elonga a showed inc ease only in he pho osyn he ic e iciency. Un-
de en iched nu ien condi ions, an inc ease in phenolic compounds, se e al ca o enoids and in e nal N
con en we e obse ed in C. ama isci olia collec ed om bo h dep hs. Howe e , in E. elonga a ( om
2.0 m dep h wa e s) a 100% su ace i adiance ea men s showed an inc ease in in e nal N con en and
mycospo ine-like amino acids. In conclusions, ou esul s show ha he ecophysiological esponses o
C. ama isci olia esponds apidly o ligh , sugges ing a high acclima ion o changes in ambien i adi-
ance. Howe e , in E. elonga a, he pho osyn he ic pa ame e did no change in he ansplan , in con as
o biochemical a iables. The highe alues ound unde nu ien en ichmen indica e mo e a o able
s a us o espond o en i onmen al s ess condi ions.
Wednesday, June 11 h 33
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Sho - e m a iabili y o plank onic composi ion in sub opical wa e s o he Cana y Islands
F anchy, Ga a, Alicia Ojeda, and San iago He n´
andez-Le´
on
Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global. Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Islas Ca-
na ias
Abs ac
The plank onic communi y composi ion in oligo ophic wa e s o he Cana y Islands was s udied om
No embe 2010 o June 2011 ca ying ou a weekly sampling and co e ing he p oduc i e pe iod in hese
wa e s. The cha ac e is ic la e win e bloom ook place om Feb ua y o Ap il 2011, when he cooling o
su ace wa e s p omo ed he deepening o he mixed laye , and chlo ophyll a concen a ion and p ima y
p oduc ion inc eased a he su ace. The plank onic communi y was domina ed by picoplank on, espe-
cially P ochlo ococcus and he e o ophic p oka yo es, excep du ing he p oduc i e pe iod, when Syne-
chococcus and picoeuka yo es domina ed he picophy oplank on. Du ing he bloom, dia oms we e he
majo con ibu o s o o al au o ophic biomass and hey we e p obably esponsible o he highes a es
o p ima y p oduc ion. The plank onic a iabili y was d i en by bo om-up o ces a a seasonal scale
h ough he nu ien en ichmen du ing win e . Addi ionally, a sho -scale a iabili y o phy oplank on
biomass and p oduc i i y was obse ed e en du ing s a i ied condi ions. Sho - e m a iabili y would
also esul om op-down p ocesses such as eeding and g azing by nano- and mic ohe e o ophs. In
his sense, a signi ican co ela ion was ound be ween he la e and hei po en ial p eys: bac e ia and
au o ophic picoeuka yo es and nano lagella es. These esul s showed he need o sample a sho - ime
scales o accoun o he o al a iabili y o he plank onic communi ies in sub opical wa e s. As an
example, he s iking and epheme al dia om peak obse ed he e, which would be p obably no de ec ed
in a mon hly sampling.
34 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Mig a ion and di ing beha io o A lan ic blue in una de e mined wi h sa elli e a chi al ags:
om he Medi e anean spawning g ounds o he No h A lan ic eeding a eas
Guille mo A anda, F ancisco J Abascal, An onio Medina
Uni e sidad de C´
adiz
Abs ac
Pop-up sa elli e a chi al ags we e implan ed on 46 A lan ic blue in una (Thunnus hynnus) a he be-
ginning o he b eeding season (ea ly June, yea s 2009, 2010 and 2011) o asce ain spawning and pos -
spawning beha io a ound he Balea ic Islands. The ish we e agged unde wa e and eleased wi hin
he school, hus allowing us o moni o shoaling beha io and mig a o y pa e ns. A e comple ion o
spawning, mos o he una desc ibed he same backwa d mig a o y pa hway om he Balea ic Islands
o he No h A lan ic c ossing he S ai o Gib al a . Disc epancies be ween he mig a o y acks econ-
s uc ed om his and p e ious s udies sugges ha he Medi e anean popula ion o blue in una may
comp ise dis inc uni s ha would exhibi di e en dynamics. Synch onous spa ial and empo al pa e ns
we e obse ed in agged ish ha belonged o he same school. The di ing beha io a ied depending on
he oceanic egion whe e he una swam. Du ing he spawning season, he ish p e e en ially occupied
shallow wa e s and wa m wa e masses in he Balea ic b eeding g ound. A cha ac e is ic di ing pa -
e n, which seems o e lec cou ship and spawning ac i i y, was obse ed du ing nigh ime in his a ea.
The ep oduc i e pa ame e s in e ed om he pa e ns obse ed in such dep h and empe a u e p o iles
a e consis en wi h p e ious s udies based on biological samples. The deepes beha io ook place a
he S ai o Gib al a , eaching in some cases he ba hyme ic limi o he egion (900 m). This ac
could be ela ed o he special ea u es o he deep wa e ci cula ion in his a ea, which would be used
o acili a e swimming o o o ien a ion. Ne e heless, o he hypo heses mus be conside ed. S omach
con en analysis o blue in cap u ed in his a ea e ealed high con en o mesopelagic ish and c us-
aceans sugges ing ha he S ai could be a o aging a ea. Du ing he ansi ion along he Wes Ibe ian
coas owa ds he No h A lan ic, he blue in exhibi ed pe iodic V-shaped p o iles which could indica e
ansi ing, o sea ching beha io . In he No h A lan ic, he ish emained in he su ace du ing he nigh
and descended o dep hs g ea e han 300 m a day ime. The blue in hus mi o s he e ical mig a ions
o he small nek onic o ganisms o he deep sca e ing laye ha hey p ey on.
Wednesday, June 11 h 35
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Zooplank on biomass and me abolism: Response in he Namibian upwelling
I.Fe n´
andez-U uzola1, N. Osma1, T.T. Packa d1, M. G´
omez1and L. Pos el2
1Plank on Ecophysiology G oup, Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global, Uni e sidad de Las Pal-
mas de G an Cana ia, 35017, Cana y Islands, Spain
2Zooplank on Ecology G oup, Bal ic Sea Resea ch Ins i u e, D-18119 Ros ock, Wa nem¨
unde, Ge many
Abs ac
Zooplank on biomass and po en ial me abolic a es in e ms o elec on anspo sys em (ETS) and glu-
ama e dehyd ogenase (GDH) we e analyzed in ou size ac ions (100-200 µm, 200-500 µm, 500-1000
µm and >1000 µm) along a c oss-shel ansec in wa e s o no he n Namibia. The highly a iable
dynamics o upwelling ilamen s p omo ed sho - e m luc ua ions in he zooplank on dis ibu ion. Max-
imum alues we e cha ac e is ically ound o e he shel -b eak, whe e zooplank on biomass as d y mass
(DM) eached peaks o 64.5 mg m−3wi hin he uppe 200 m in la e Augus . Two weeks la e , he
zooplank on-DM dec eased by mo e han a hi d (19 mg DM m−3). Zooplank on po en ial espi a ion
and NH4+ exc e ion a e aged 234 µmol O2m−3d−1and 169 µmol NH4+ m−3d−1in he Namibian shel ,
espec i ely. High p o ein-speci ic ETS ac i i ies e en in he low-chlo ophyll wa e s ou side he ilamen
sugges ed a shi in o g ea e omni o y owa ds he open ocean. This would also explain he dec ease
o zooplank on biomass and he highe p o ein-ca abolism seawa d. In his ligh , zooplank on elemen al
and iso opic composi ions we e used o in es iga e he pelagic ood web in e ac ions. They e idenced
spa ial changes in he ca bon esou ce o zooplank on as well as in he o m o ni ogen ha ueled he
biological p oduc ion in aging ad ec ed wa e s. O e all, he zooplank on espi a ion consumed a small
p opo ion o he daily p ima y p oduc ion (0.9 - 9.3%), which a gued o he au o ophy o he sys em
du ing he in ense wind- o cing season. Pa allel wi h he espi a ion, zooplank on NH4+ exc e ion only
con ibu ed om 1 o 12% o he o al ni ogen equi emen s o p ima y p oduc ion. This may e eal a
majo emine aliza ion pa hway h ough mic ohe e o ophs in hese Namibian wa e s.
36 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
T anspa en exopolyme pa icles p oduc ion in he Paci ic Ocean ela ed o P ochlo ococcus sp.
decay
Iuculano F.1, Mazuecos I.P.2, Reche I.2and Agus ´
ı S.1,3
1Ins i u o Medi e ´
aneo de Es udios A anzados (IMEDEA), CSIC-UIB, Espo les, Balea ic Islands, Spain
2Depa amen o de Ecolog´
ıa and Ins i u o del Agua, Uni e sidad de G anada, 18071 G anada, Spain
3The UWA Ocean Ins i u e and School o Plan Biology, The Uni e si y o Wes e n Aus alia, 35 S i ling
Highway, C awley 6009, Pe h, Wes e n Aus alia
Abs ac
T anspa en exopolyme pa icles (TEP) a e o ganic pa icles composed o acidic polysaccha ides, mos ly
eleased by phy oplank on and bac e ia and ecognized as an impo an componen o he biological ca -
bon pump in he Ocean (Passow 2000). Al hough he impo ance o hese gel pa icles in biogeochemical
p ocesses is inc easingly ecognized, hei link wi h pho o-p ocesses i is s ill no clea and i is poo ly
in es iga ed.Du ing he Malaspina 2010 Expedi ion we analyzed he concen a ions o exopolime ic pa -
icles and hei p oduc ion a es in he oligo ophic A lan ic and Paci ic Oceans. We also expe imen ally
es ed he hypo hesis ha pico-phy oplank onic cell dea h induced by sola adia ion may enhance he
p oduc ion o TEP in he su ace Ocean.
We assessed his hypo hesis by pe o ming 10 expe imen s sampling su ace wa e o i e o he bio-
geog aphical p o inces c ossed du ing he Malaspina 2010 Expedi ion: (i) PEQD, T ades-Paci ic Equa-
o ial Di e gence; (ii) PNEC: T ades-No h Paci ic Equa o ial Coun e -cou en P o ince; (iii) CARB:
Ca ibbean P o ince; i ) NATR: T ades-No h A lan ic T opical Gy al P o ince; ( ) NASE: No h A -
lan ic Sub-T opical Gy al P o ince. We exposed su ace wa e s o h ee di e en ligh ea men s: da k
(DARK), con ol exposu e o ull sola adia ion (FULL) and comple ely emo ing he ul a iole adi-
a ion (-UV) o es o he di e ences in TEP p oduc ion while simul aneously analyzing pico-plank on
(pico-phy oplank on and he e o ophic bac e ia) popula ions.
Ini ial TEP concen a ions in he Paci ic Ocean we e signi ican ly highe (mean (±SE): 24.45 ±2.3 µg
XG Eq L−1) han in he A lan ic Ocean (mean (±SE): 8.18 ±4.56 µg XG Eq L−1) and ini ial abundances
o pico-plank on we e also gene ally highe in he s a ions sampled in he Paci ic Ocean han hose in
he A lan ic.
The a ea in es iga ed is oligo ophic wi h in si u chlo ophyll a concen a ions anging om 0.05 µg
L−1in he NASE s a ion o 0.31 µg L−1in he equa o ial s a ion o PEQD. UVB daily doses ecei ed
du ing Paci ic Ocean expe imen s (mean (±SE): 43.6 ±3.1 KJ m−2) we e signi ican ly highe han hose
ecei ed du ing he A lan ic expe imen s (mean (±SE): 30.5 ±2.5 KJ m−2; - es , p <0.05).
Daily TEP p oduc ion a es we e highe in he Paci ic expe imen s (mean (±SE): 44.3 ±14.2 µg XG
Eq L−1d−1) han in he A lan ic expe imen s (mean (±SE): 6.6 ±1.1 µg XG Eq L−1d−1). Mo eo e ,
du ing all he expe imen s pe o med in he Paci ic Ocean we de ec ed a signi ican e ec o FULL (p =
0.003) and -UV (p = 0.008) on TEP p oduc ion a es in compa ison wi h DARK ea men a e he 24
hou s incuba ion. By con as TEP a es in he A lan ic expe imen s did no di e signi ican ly among
ea men s.
The maximum concen a ion o TEP was obse ed in he FULL sola adia ion ea men in he expe i-
men un wi h wa e o he equa o ial Paci ic, eaching alues o 187.3 µg XG Eq L−1.
Fu he mo e, popula ions o P ochlo ococcus sp. in all he expe imen s in he Paci ic Ocean we e neg-
a i ely a ec ed by sola adia ion (p = 0.02), esul ing in he decay o he popula ions wi h ime (h−1).
While no di e ence was obse ed in decay a e be ween FULL (mean(±SE): -0.05 ±0.01 h−1) and
–UV ea men s (mean (±SE): -0.07 ±0.009 h−1), hose decay a es we e signi ican ly highe han
Wednesday, June 11 h 37

IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
hose obse ed in DARK ea men s (mean (±SE): -0.01 ±0.002 h−1). By con as , Synechococcus and
he e o ophic bac e ial cells p esen ed lowe cell decays and did no show s a is ical di e ences among
ea men s, sugges ing a s onge esis ance and adap a ion o induced sola adia ion damages wi h e-
spec o P ochlo ococcus axon. Finally, TEP p oduc ion i ed a signi ican co ela ionwi h he decay
a es o P ochlo ococcus (p= 0.003) o he Paci ic expe imen s.
This esea ch p o ides he i s e idence o he coupled associa ion o TEP and pico-phy oplank onic
cells dea h induced by sola adia ion: sunligh induces mo ali y o P ochlo ococcus sp. signi ican ly
enhancing cellula lysis wi h a consequen elease o exuda ion p oduc s, including exopolysaccha ides,
which he eby acili a es he agg ega ion and polyme iza ion in o TEP. Howe e , his same p ocess does
no explain he esul s om he expe imen s pe o med in he A lan ic Ocean, whe e a-bio ic p ocesses
may con ol he gel pa icles dynamics.
38 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
Biogeochemical P ocesses
Seasonal hypoxia in C´
adiz Bay shallow sys ems
Bu gos, M., Fo ja, J.M., Gonz´
alez-Mazo, E., O ega, T., Ponce, R., G´
omez-Pa a, A.
Dp o. Qu´
ımica-F´
ısica, CACYTMAR, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Campus R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, Pue o Real
(C´
adiz), Spain
Abs ac
The shallow sys ems su ounding Cadiz Bay occupy an a ea o abou 6 000 HA and hey gene ally
show an impo an pe manen oxygen de ici . This hypoxia is signi ican ly enhanced du ing he summe
mon hs owing o he empe a u e inc ease. Du ing he wa me mon hs, anoxia episodes a e de ec ed
nea o he bo om in de e mina e zones, as well as an in ense SH2emission, which could a ec he
p oduc i i y in such loca ions.
This si ua ion in Cadiz Bay shallow sys ems, which is common in se e al coas al en i onmen s, is mo i-
a ed by he high o ganic ma e inpu s om adjacen a eas. The o ganic ma e comes om bo h u ban
e luen s om a popula ion o abou 650000 inhabi an s and e luen s om he in ensi e ish a m ac i i y
aking place in Cadiz Bay.
The p esen wo k shows hypoxia le els ha ma shes and idal channels belonging Cadiz Bay cu en ly
bea . These esul s a e compa ed wi h p e ious s udies ca ied ou a he same zone du ing he yea s 1978
and 1993. Da abase analysis allows quan i ying he en i onmen al impac o hypoxia in idal channels
and i s empo al e olu ion. Imp o ed sani a ion ne wo k and he aquacul u e in ensi ica ion in he las
decades a e ac s co ela ed wi h hypoxia empo al a ia ions.
Keywo ds: hypoxia, shallow sys em, o ganic ma e , dissol ed oxygen
Wednesday, June 11 h 39
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
An h opogenic ac i i y e ec s on ben hic g eenhouse gases p oduc ion in he C´
adiz Bay na u al
pa k (SW Spain)
O ega, T., Bu gos, M., Ponce, R., Gomez-Pa a, A., Fo ja, J.M.
Dp o. Qu´
ımica-F´
ısica, CACYTMAR, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Campus R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, Pue o Real
(C´
adiz), Spain
Abs ac
Cadiz Bay Na u al Pa k is a p o ec ed a ea o 10,522 ha wi h a g ea ecological alue, which bea s human
p essu es om he nea by popula ion o abou 600,000 inhabi an s. The Bay ecei es la ge amoun s
o an h opogenic o ganic ma e (OM) om u ban and ish a m e luen s as well as om ag icul u al
discha ges. An impo an pa o hese OM inpu s eaches he sedimen s whe e is mine alized h ough
di e en oxida i e pa hways leading o signi ican ben hic luxes o nu ien s, ca bon and g eenhouse
gases in o he wa e column. The e o e, wa e column is g eenhouse gases supe sa u a ed p o oking ha
he Na u al Pa k ac s as an a mosphe ic sou ce o CO2, CH4and N2O. Th ee sys ems belonging Cadiz
Bay a e he main si es con amina ed wi h o ganic ma e : Rio San Ped o idal c eek, Sanc i Pe i Channel
and Guadale e Es ua y owing o hey ecei e se e al ish a m e luen s wi hou p e ious ea men ,
was ewa e and ag icul u al discha ges. Me hane and ni ous oxide sedimen p o iles ha e been s udied
in hose coas al sys ems as well as o he associa ed a iables. Two sampling s a ions we e es ablished in
each en i onmen a di e en dis ances o he o ganic ma e inpu . Polyca bona e co es (60 cm long, 9.5
inne diame e ) we e aken a each s a ion and hey we e ca e ully main ained in e ical posi ion du ing
anspo a ion o he labo a o y. Two co es we e used o es ablish po e wa e dissol ed CH4and N2O
p o iles in duplica e. Me hane and ni ous oxide concen a ions we e de e mined by gas ch oma og aphy.
CO2concen a ion in in e s i ial wa e has been ob ained h ough pH and o al alkalini y measu emen s.
Co es aken a he same s a ions we e di e en , elucida ing he spa ial he e ogenei y o he s udied zones.
The h ee sys ems showed highe dissol ed ino ganic ca bon, CH4, N2O and CO2in he co es om he
s a ion close o he OM discha ge poin s. Almos all s a ions inc eased he concen a ions o CH4, N2O
and CO2wi h dep h. N2O p o iles p esen ed a concen a ion maximum below 5 cm dep h likely due o
deni i ica ion/ni a e- educ ion p ocesses. This maximum has been ound in ma ine sedimen s o o he
coas al sys ems. I is wo h no ing ha me hane in he Guadale e Ri e sedimen s close o he OM
discha ge poin (1.2-4.0 mM) was six o de s o magni ude highe han dissol ed me hane in he wa e
column (30-4000 nM). Me hane and ni ous oxide di usi e luxes di e ed conside ably be ween he
h ee s udied sys ems. The g ea es di usi e lux has been measu ed in he Guadale e Es ua y, ollowed
by Rio San Ped o C eek and Sanc i Pe i Channel. Me hane di usi e luxes in Guadale e Ri e a ied
be ween 1.2 - 3.4 µmol m−2d−1a he seawa e in luenced s a ion, whe eas lux a s a ion nea by o
he o ganic ma e inpu om he sewage eached h ee o de s o magni ude highe , a ying he luxes
be ween 4.7 - 8.3 mmol m−2d−1. Ni ous oxide di usi e luxes anged be ween 2.1 and 111.2 µmol m−2
d−1. The highes alues we e measu ed a he mo e con amina ed s a ion. CH4 ben hic luxes om Rio
San Ped o C eek and Sanc i Pe i Channel a ied be ween 10-70 µmol m−2d−1and 0.3-2.0, espec i ely.
N2O luxes we e nega i e ( ange o -2.5- (-0.1) µmol m−2d−1in Rio San Ped o C eek and -0.6-0.2 µmol
m−2d−1in Sanc i Pe i Channel) indica ing ha hose sedimen s we e sinking ni ous oxide om he
o e lying wa e .
Keywo ds: g eenhouse gases, di usi e luxes, coas al sys ems
40 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
Seasonal a iabili y o nu ien beha io and luxes o dissol ed oxygen and CO2in he Guadale e
i e es ua y (SW Spain)
Ponce, R., Bu gos, M., O ega, T., Fo ja, J.M., G´
omez-Pa a
Dp o. Qu´
ımica-F´
ısica, CACYTMAR, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Campus R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, Pue o Real
(C´
adiz), Spain
Abs ac
The s udy was ca ied ou a eigh sampling s a ions loca ed along 18 km in he es ua y o he Guadale e
Ri e (SW Spain). The es ua y is cha ac e ized by semidiu nal meso ides (a e age idal ange 0.98-3.20
m). Su ace wa e was collec ed seasonally, along he yea 2013 (25 h Feb ua y, 9 h May, 23 d July
and 18 h No embe ) a he eigh sampling s a ions. Samplings we e done in low ide wi h high idal
coe icien (be ween 0.82 and 1.06) in o de o ind maximum impac o he an h opogenic inpu s.
Concen a ions o nu ien s, dissol ed oxygen (DO) and CO2ha e been analyzed in each sampling s a-
ion. Tempe a u e was measu ed in si u. Addi ional pa ame e s such as o ganic ma e , o al suspended
solids and chlo ophyll we e de e mina e as well, in o de o unde s and he ela ionship be ween physic-
ochemical and biological p ocesses.
O e all, nu ien s inc eased om he i e mou h o he inne es ua y in all seasons, which is obse ed in
hei a ia ion anges. Summe showed he lowes nu ien concen a ions as a esul o he chlo ophyll’s
maximum. Ni a e p esen ed high concen a ions in sp ing and win e (a e age o 194.4 µM and 154.5
µM, espec i ely), ep esen ing 70.6% and 65.4% o he o al dissol ed ino ganic ni ogen (DIN), espec-
i ely. I was lowe in all, wi h a mean alue o 67.6 µM, which was 29,3% o DIN. Ni i e dec eased
in summe and all (a e age o 6.7 µM and 3.0 µM, espec i ely); and emained ela i ely cons an in
win e and sp ing, wi h an a e age o 8.6 µM. I is wo h no ing ha a ni a e maximum was measu ed
wi h a alue o 18.8 µM in he ou h s a ion du ing he summe sampling. In con as , ammonium was
high in all wi h a mean alue o 160.3 µM and concen a ions eaching 200 µM in he inne es ua y.
Mean alues in sp ing and win e we e abou 75 µM, al hough he es ua y g adien was s onge in win-
e . Ammonium concen a ion was lowes in summe (48.2 µM was a e aged). Phospha e was highe
in all and win e (mean concen a ions o 1.3 µM and 1.4 µM, espec i ely) han in sp ing and summe
(0.9 µM and 0.7 µM, espec i ely). Finally, silica e showed he highes concen a ion in sp ing (a e age
o 126.8 µM), dec eased in summe and all (71.8 µM and 49.2 µM, espec i ely) and i inc eased again
in win e (110.7 µM). In gene al, nu ien concen a ions dec eased wi h salini y showing a conse a i e
beha io du ing all he seasons. Ammonium measu ed in win e was he single nu ien ha showed a
non-conse a i e beha io wi h losses a low salini y.
Dissol ed oxygen concen a ions p esen ed he highes alues in he cold mon hs (>250 µM) and de-
c eased in he wa me mon hs (∼200 µM). I has been ound oxygen unde sa u a ion alues in mos o
he samples, mainly in au umn and win e ela ed wi h lowe salini y s a ions.
The sys em ac s as a sou ce o CO2 o he a mosphe e, wi h luxes anging be ween 0.8 and 110.0 mmol
m−2d−1. The highes alues we e ound in he uppe pa s o he es ua y wi h low salini ies. CO2
luxes showed impo an seasonal a ia ions. Du ing sp ing, luxes became 10 imes g ea e han hose
ound in win e . Dissol ed oxygen luxes anged be ween 206.0 and 45.2 mmol m−2d−1and in gene al
he es ua y ac ed as a mosphe ic oxygen sink. Howe e , some s a ions seawa e in luenced we e an
oxygen sou ce. The g ea es oxygen up ake has been ound in he eshwa e s a ions du ing he sp ing
and summe , showing a seasonal pa e n. These esul s highligh ha he Guadale e Ri e es ua y has
beha ed as a he e o ophic sys em along he yea 2013.
Keywo ds: nu ien s, dissol ed oxygen, CO2, es ua y.
Wednesday, June 11 h 41
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
Summe ai -sea CO2 luxes in he A c ic Ocean shel es ob ained du ing he Ta a Oceans Pola
Ci cle 2013 expedi ion
X.A. Padin1, D. Ruiz-Pino2, A.M. Cobo-Vi e os1, A. Bou e 2,3, F. F. P´
e ez1, A. F. R´
ıos1
1Ins i u o de In es igaciones Ma inas, CSIC, Edua do Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain
2LOCEAN, Uni e si ´
e P&M Cu ie, Cou ie 134, 4 pl. Jussieu, 75252 Pa is Cedex 05, F ance
3SIO (Second Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy), SOA (S a e Ocean Adminis a ion), Hangzhou, People Repub-
lic o China
Abs ac
The A c ic Ocean was in he 20 h cen u y a po en ially high sink o a mosphe ic ca bon dioxide (CO2)
con ibu ing om 5 o 14% o he global balance. The capaci y o he A c ic Ocean o up ake CO2
is expec ed o inc ease in esponse o sea-ice loss and an ac i ely g owing phy oplank on communi y
al hough mi iga ed somewha by su ace wa ming in he A c ic. Bu inc eased mel ing o glacie s and
eshwa e lows p o ided by i e s in consequence o he clima e change could ins ead con e he A c ic
ocean in a sou ce o CO2 o he a mosphe e. The ha sh pola clima e and di icul logis ical suppo ha e
limi ed mos s udies o he ma ine ca bon cycle o oppo unis ic iceb eake su eys. The unde sampling
and he many unce ain ies abou he physical and biological p ocesses ha con ol he ai -sea CO2 luxes
in he A c ic make impo an o moni o changes in he ocean CO2up ake.
The Ta a Oceans Pola Ci cle 2013 expedi ion conduc ed on boa d R/V Ta a ci cumna iga ed he A c-
ic Ocean co e ing 25.000 km ia he No heas and No hwes passages om May 2013 o Decembe
2013. This oceanog aphic c uise expedi ion ep esen ed a unique oppo uni y o analyse om a quasi-
synop ic poin o iew in si u pCO2measu emen s in su ace wa e s along A c ic Ocean shel es. The
i s unde way measu emen s along he A c ic Ocean shel es o sea su ace mola ac ion o CO2we e
pe o med wi h an au onomous de ice, P o-Oceanus CO2senso . Mo eo e , ancilla y da a was also ob-
ained om di e en au onomous equipmen such as a he mosalinog aph, luo ome e , oxygen senso
and pH-me e , which we e connec ed o he same uncon amina ed seawa e supply. Phy oplank on abun-
dance, axonomy and gene ic we e also ob ained in summe 2013, a pe iod o s ong sea and con inen al
ice mel .
The A c ic Ocean su ace wa e s mos ly ac ed as sinks o a mosphe ic CO2in spi e o showing a high
a iabili y o CO2in su ace wa e du ing he sea ice- ee pe iod. Low alues, a ound 210 µa m, we e
eached in he No wegian and Chukchi Sea whe e high nu ien - ich wa e s coupled wi h abundan ligh
sus ain high a es o p ima y p oduc ion. Howe e minimum pCO2 alues close o 175 µa m we e ob-
se ed in Ka a Sea, which is highly in luenced by bo h Sibe ian i e (Yenisey) and exchanges wi h o he
close shel es. Only low p oduc i e coas al wa e s o he Eas Sibe ian and Beau o Seas we e no ably
supe sa u a ed wi h CO2. The supe sa u a ion could be due o he emine aliza ion o o ganic ma e
in oduced om he Kolyma Ri e and he Mackenzie Ri e , espec i ely. The Canadian A chipelago
has been poo ly sampled ega ding o ca bona e pa ame e and had seawa e pCO2condi ions close o
equilib ium wi h he a mosphe e.
These obse a ions ob ained du ing one o he summe ’s la ges sea ice ee su ace will se e as a
basis o answe ing he ques ion i he CO2up ake in A c ic shel es is inc easing o dec easing. The
con e sion o he A c ic in o a sou ce o CO2p oducing a posi i e eedback, which would induce, in
nex decades, an inc ease o a mosphe ic CO2.
48 Wednesday, June 11 h

O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
Ai -wa e s luxes o g eenhouse gases (CO2, CH4and N2O) in he no h-eas e n shel o he Gul
o C´
adiz
Fo ja, J.M.1, Fe ´
on, S.2, Ribas, M.3, O ega, T.1, Ponce, R.1, G´
omez-Pa a, A.1
1Dp o. Qu´
ımica-F´
ısica, CACYTMAR, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Campus R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, Pue o Real
(C´
adiz), Spain
2Depa men o Oceanog aphy, Uni e si y o Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
3Ocean and Ea h Sciences. Uni e si y o Sou hamp on, Na ional Oceanog aphy Cen e, Sou hamp on
Abs ac
The dis ibu ion o g eenhouse gases (CH4and N2O), ino ganic ca bon sys em pa ame e s and i s con-
ols we e in es iga ed in he coas al wa e s o he no h-eas e n shel o he Gul o C´
adiz du ing ou
c uises ha ook place in June 2006, No embe 2006, Feb ua y 2007 and May 2007. Wa e column
samples we e collec ed a 63 s a ions o measu e o al alkalini y (TA), pH, dissol ed oxygen, dissol ed
o ganic ca bon, nu ien s and chlo ophyll-a. Addi ionally, on line pCO2was egis e ed in supe icial
wa e s.
Gul o Cadiz no hwes e n con inen al shel beha es as an a mosphe ic sou ce o CH4and N2O du ing
he whole yea , wi h sa u a ions alues anging be ween 73–1820% and 99–344%, espec i ely. Bo h
gases dis ibu ion a y seasonally, p esen ing highe concen a ions in summe and all han win e and
sp ing. Wa e column CH4and N2O concen a ions show signi ican ho izon al and e ical spa ial
a iabili y, which is mainly in luenced by con inen al inpu s and ben hic luxes. Tidal exchange seem
o a ec no iceable he CH4and N2O dis ibu ions in he s udied coas al zone o he Gul o Cadiz ( he
lowe es ua y o Guadalqui i Es ua y and Bay o Cadiz) along he whole yea . Pa icula ly, du ing
ainy seasons i has been obse ed an inc ease in bo h gas concen a ions associa ed wi h con inen al
wa e inpu s. Mean annual lux has been es ima ed om su ace wa e da abase, being 8.3-14.1 µmol o
CH4 m−2d−1and 8.1-14.7 µmol o N2O m−2d−1. Ben hic luxes o me hane and ni ous oxide, i hey
a e ex apola ed o he en i e s udy zone, abou 20% and 45% o he a mosphe ic luxes, espec i ely.
In a-annual a iabili y o pCO2was assessed and is discussed in e ms o mixing, empe a u e and
biology. In he s udy a ea o he shel , he modynamic con ol o e pCO2p edomina es om ea ly May
o la e No embe , and his is opposi e and simila in magni ude o he ne biological e ec . Howe e ,
biological con ol o e pCO2p edomina es du ing win e . The esul s sugges ha su ace wa e s in
he coas al a ea a e unde -sa u a ed wi h espec o a mosphe ic CO2du ing mos o he yea ; he e o e
hey ep esen a sink o a mosphe ic CO2be ween No embe and May (-1.0 mmol m−2day−1), bu
a weak sou ce in June (1.3 mmol m−2day−1). In con as , he coas al ecosys ems s udied ( he lowe
es ua y o Guadalqui i Es ua y and Bay o Cadiz) ac ed as a weak sink o a mosphe ic CO2du ing
Feb ua y (-1.3 mmol m−2day−1) and as a sou ce be ween May and No embe (2.6 mmol m−2day−1).
The esul ing mean annual CO2 lux in he no h-eas e n shel o he Gul o Cadiz was -0.07 mol m−2
yea −1, indica ing ha he a ea ac s as a ne sink on an annual basis.
TA concen a ions ange be ween 2313 and 2450 µmol kg−1, he highes alues eached in summe
and he lowes in win e . In addi ion, dissol ed ino ganic ca bon was calcula ed and i s a iabili y was
employed o de e mine a es o ne ecosys em p oduc ion (NEP). The highes a es o NEP ( 14 mmol C
m−2d−1) occu ed o Guadalqui i Es ua y in he win e -sp ing pe iod. A o al NEP a e o 1.2 mmol
C m−2d−1was es ima ed o he s udied a ea, which makes i au o ophic in an annual scale.
Keywo ds: G eenhouse gases, me hane, ni ous oxide, pCO2, ino ganic ca bon sys em, ai –wa e luxes,
seasonal a ia ions, Gul o C´
adiz
Wednesday, June 11 h 49
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
Seasonal a ia ions on g eenhouse gas emissions om coas al sys ems loca ed in C´
adiz Bay (SW
Spain)
Bu gos, M., Fo ja, J.M., O ega, T.
Dp o. Qu´
ımica-F´
ısica, CACYTMAR, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Campus R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, Pue o Real
(C´
adiz), Spain.
Abs ac
Dissol ed concen a ions o CO2, CH4and N2O ha e been seasonally measu ed in h ee coas al sys ems
o Cadiz Bay: Guadale e Ri e es ua y, Rio San Ped o idal c eek and Sanc i Pe i idal channel. Coas al
a eas a e subjec o a g ea an h opogenic p essu e causing o ganic ma e inpu s, which in ensi ies g een-
house gas emissions in o he a mosphe e. Ca bon dioxide, me hane and ni ous oxide emissions in o he
a mosphe e a e especially in e es ing in hese coas al sys ems, wi h di e en hyd odynamic cha ac e -
is ics, since hey ecei e la ge an h opogenic inpu s such as u ban e luen s and di ec discha ges om
ag icul u e. Guadale e Ri e es ua y has been in ensely con amina ed since 1970. Cu en ly i ecei es
was ewa e e luen s om ci ies as well as inpu s om nea by ag icul u e c op. Rio San Ped o C eek is
idally con olled. Due o i s li le eshwa e inpu , he c eek is essen ially a ma ine sys em. Se e al ish
a ms a e dis ibu ed on i s banks discha ging e luen s wi hou p e ious ea men . Sanc i Pe i Channel
is a low channel-ebb ides ex ending om he inne Cadiz Bay o he A lan ic Ocean along 17 Km.
O ganic ma e pollu ion sou ces in his en i onmen a e s aggly. The e exis an h opogenic inpu s such
as aquacul u e’s e luen s and sewage discha ges coming h ough I o Ri e , which lows in o he channel
cen al pa . In addi ion he e a e na u al o ganic ma e inpu s om su ounding ma shes. Fou seasonal
sampling we e conduc ed along he yea 2013. The pCO2 alues we e ob ained h ough measu emen s
o o al alkalini y and pH. The concen a ions o CH4and N2O we e measu ed using a gas ch oma o-
g aph connec ed o an equilib a ion sys em. G eenhouse gas alues a y widely be ween 193.1 and
3778.3 µa m, 6.0 and 4201.1 nM and 7.1 and 292.0 nM o pCO2, CH4and N2O, espec i ely. Seasonal
dis ibu ion o he s udied gases was in luenced by he p ecipi a ion egimen and hei concen a ions
inc eased in he icini y o he an h opogenic o ganic ma e and nu ien s inpu s. The en i onmen s ac
as g eenhouse gas sou ces in o he a mosphe e along he whole yea . I has been es ima ed mean luxes
o 20.3 mmol m−2d−1o CO2, 166.9 nmol m−2d−1o CH4and 52.4 nmol m−2d−1o N2O.
Keywo ds: g eenhouse gases, ai -wa e exchange, coas al sys ems
50 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
T opical una Spanish ishe ies
Ma ´
ıa So o Ruiz
Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Spain
Abs ac
Spanish opical una ishe ies ope a es in he A lan ic Ocean since h 1980s, ishing he h ee opi-
cal una species: yellow in (Thunnus albaca es), skipjack (Ka suwonnus pelamis) and bigeye (Thunnus
obesus). These species a e mainly caug h o he ish canne y indus y. A e ha , he Spanish ish-
e ies ex ended o he Indian and he Paci ic oceans. These highly mig a o y s ocks a e managed by
he In e na ional Commission o he Conse a ion o A lan ic Tunas (ICCAT), he Indian Ocean Tuna
Commission (IOTC), he In e Ame ican T opical Tuna Commissi´
on (IATTC) and he Wes Cen al Pa-
ci ic Fishe y Commission (WCPFC). The Eu opean Union is a con ac ing pa y o all o hem, and he
Spanish Oceanog aphic Ins i u e pa icipa es in he scien i ic ad ice o he managemen o hese h ee
opical una s ocks.
The highly unce ain y s ock assesmen s o opical unas is mainly due o he lack o di ec abundance
indices ha could p o ide a eliable image o he una s ocks popula ions in he sea. Fo hese highly
mig a o y species, he e a e no ishing su eys o p o ide di ec abundance indices, and he a ailable
in o ma ion used comes om comme ial da a. This implies ha abundance indices a e biased by he
cons an imp o emen o echnology and he lack o co espondence be ween he ishing season/a ea and
he global dis ibu ion o unas popula ions.
The Spanish opical una ishe ies ha e expe ienced impo an echnological imp o emen s since 1980s,
de elopping in he 1990s a ishing mode on loa ing objec s ha ook ad an age o he unas beha iou
o agg ega ion unde any a i i ial o na u al objec . Since he las wo decades, he inc easing use o
d i ing ishing agg ega i e de ices (FADs) by he pu se seine lee s has changed he leng h dis ibu ions
o he unas opical landings. In con as o non-associa ed school se s which a ge la ge ish (mainly
yellow in, Thunnus albaca es), FADs ishing ope a ions conce n skipjack (Ka suwonnus pelamis) and
ju eniles o yellow in and bigeye unas (Thunnus obesus). In he las decade, he use o sa elli e buoys
associa ed o FADs has become an ex emely powe ul ishing mode ha essels use o imp o e hei
ishing s a egy. In o de o egula e his ishing mode, he Spanish Oceanog aphic Ins i u e has pa ici-
pa ed in he implemen a ion o he Fish Agg ega ing De ice Na ional Managemen Plan unde aken by
he Spanish Gene al Sec e a ia o Ma i ime Fishe ies, which is compulso y since Janua y 2011 o he
Spanish eeze pu se-seine lee a ge ing opical una in he A lan ic, Indian and Paci ic oceans.
I s a challenge o ishe y scien is o de elope di ec abundande indices o opical unas om he acous-
ic in o ma ion o buoys associa ed o FADs. The elabo a ion o new di ec indices i s he big deal ha
could imp o e s ock assessmen o opical unas in he absence o su ey in o ma ion. Nowadays, he
Spanish Oceanog aphic Ins i u e is in ol ed in se e al eseach p ojec s ela ed wi h his issues, namely,
he EU p ojec CECOFAD and TUNABAI. As a esul , unce ain y in he s a us o opical unas would
be educed and e lec ed in he imp o emen o he di icul managemen o hese s ocks.
Wednesday, June 11 h 51
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
De elopmen o an analy ical me hodology o he de e mina ion o B- i amins in seawa e
Ba be -Lluch E.1, Fe n´
andez E.1, Nie o O.2
1Depa amen o de Ecolox´
ıa e Biolox´
ıa Animal, Uni e sidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
2Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica Anal´
ı ica y Alimen a ia, Uni e sidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Abs ac
Many species o p ima y p oduce s g own in cul u es ha e been epo ed o be auxo ophic o B-
i amins. Howe e , li le is known on ole o hese o ganic compounds on he con ol o na u al phy o-
plank on assemblages. Recen s udies ca ied ou by ou g oup in a coas al sys em demons a ed ha ,
unde ce ain ci cums ances, s imula ion o phy oplank on biomass and p oduc ion a e addi ions o in-
o ganic nu ien s only occu ed when he e o ophic bac e ia we e ac i e, p esumably eleasing o ganic
molecules equi ed by mic oalgae. This in es iga ion line is ocused on he hypo hesis ha B- i amins
could be a limi ing ac o o phy oplank on g ow h in coas al sys ems in some oceanog aphic pe iods.
Aiming o know mo e abou he B- i amins concen a ion in coas al na u al wa e s, a eliable analy ical
me hod has been de eloped o he di ec de e mina ion o his g oup o compounds using e e sed
phase high-pe o mance liquid ch oma og aphy (HPLC) wi h pho odiode a ay de ec ion (UV- is). Wi h
his me hodology, 8 di e en B- i amins can be sepa a ed and quan i ied: hiamine (B1), ibo la in
(B2), nico inic acid (B3), nico in amide (B3), pan o henic acid (B5), py idoxine hyd ochlo ide (B6),
py idoxamine (B6) , py idoxal-5-phospha e (B6), bio in (B7), olic acid (B9) and cobalamine (B12).
P e iously o he HPLC de e mina ion, sea wa e samples collec ed in he R´
ıa o Vigo ha e been adjus ed
a di e en pH alues in o de o pe o m a solid-phase ex ac ion wi h a C18 silica column, e aining
di e en B- i amins g oups, and ollowed by elu ion wi h me hanol (Okbamichael & Sa˜
nudo-Wilhelmy,
2004). The B- i amins sepa a ion pe o med in he HPLC sys em is ca ied ou in g adien mode wi h
ace a e bu e a pH 5 and me hanol as mobile phases. The g adien s a s wi h 100% o aqueous phase
wi h a sligh ly inc ease o me hanol pe cen age o e he i s 30 minu es, eaching 20% o me hanol in
he las 10 minu es g adien . UV- is de ec ion using a diode a ay de ec o allows he de e mina ion o
di e en B- i amins le els based on he abso bance a hei co esponden wa eleng hs.
This new me hod is applied o a s udy o empo al and dep h dis ibu ion o B- i amins in coas al wa e
samples o he R´
ıa o Vigo.
Re e ences
Okbamichael, M.; Sa˜
nudo-Wilhelmy, S.A. (2004) A new me hod o he de e mina ion o Vi amin B12 in seawa e . Anal Chim Ac a
517(1–2):33–38
52 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
Co osion a es o me allic unde wa e a chaeological ma e ials: a ec ion assessmen o en i on-
men al condi ions in coas al ma ine en i onmen
Fe n´
andez-Mon blanc, T.1, Be hencou , M.1, Izquie do, A.2
1Depa men o Ma e ials Science and Me allu gical Enginee ing and Ino ganic Chemis y, Uni e si y
o Cadiz, Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalusia, In e na ional Campus o Excellence
o he Sea (CEI·MAR), A da. Rep´
ublica Saha aui s/n, Pue o Real, 11510 – Spain
2Applied Physics Depa men , Uni e si y o Cadiz, Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalu-
sia, Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalusia, In e na ional Campus o Excellence o he
Sea (CEI·MAR), A da. Rep´
ublica Saha aui s/n, Pue o Real, 11510 – Spain
Abs ac
Unde wa e a chaeological ma e ial de e io a ion and co osion a es a e closely ela ed wi h chemical,
physical, biological and sedimen a y condi ions in he a chaeological si es. Specially, in unde wa e
a chaeological si es loca ed on coas al a eas, hese condi ions may a y widely acco ding o di e en
p ocesses and imescales, a ec ing o a chaeological ma e ials s abili y and deg ada ion p ocess.
The aim o his wo k is e alua e he con ibu ion o en i onmen al ma ine condi ions in he deg ada ion
p ocess o unde wa e a chaeological me allic ma e ials, using o his pu pose mode n ma e ials wi h
simila cha ac e is ics.
In he p esen wo ks p elimina y esul s o he co osion a es measu emen in mode n me allic ma e-
ials (i on, i on cas , coppe and b ass) subjec o di e en en i onmen al condi ions was p esen ed. In
addi ion, o e alua e he con ibu ion o en i onmen al ac o s in he a chaeological me allic ma e ials,
moni o ing o chemical, physical, biological and sedimen a y condi ions was conduc ed.
This s udy was ca ied ou selec ing wo w ecks wi h he same ch onology, bu unde e y di e en
en i onmen al condi ions was selec ed like s udies a eas. Fougueux Si e and Bucen au e Si e, bo h
iden i y wi h wo F ench ships, sunk du ing he T a alga Ba le Ship 1805, in he icini y o Cadiz Bay.
The me hodology used o assess he en i onmen al condi ions impac on a chaeological ma e ials was
as ollows. On he one hand he deg ada ion a es o di e en mode n ma e ials samples (i on, i on
cas , coppe and b ass) subjec o dissimila en i onmen (pe manen bu ial, con inuously exposed, and
al e na i ely ebu ial and exposed) we e pe iodically e alua ed a e a ious exposi ion ime in he wo
s udy si es. Elec ochemical measu emen in labo a o y and weigh loss es was conduc ed. The iden i-
ica ion o co osion p oduc was e ec ed by X- ay di ac ion (XRD) echnique. On he o he hand, on
bo h s udies a eas, chemical, physical, biological and sedimen a y condi ions we e mo o ized. Hyd o-
chemical cha ac e iza ion o he whole wa e column was done whi pe iodical measu ed o pH, edox
po en ial, empe a u e, salini y and dissol ed oxygen. Geochemical cha ac e iza ion o su ace sedimen
laye was conduc ed aking co e samples o bo h a eas. Thus, pH, edox po en ial and o ganic ma e
concen a ion was measu ed. Fu he mo e, hyd odynamics condi ions, cu en and wa es was measu ed
using ADCP and EM cu en me e s. Biological communi y cha ac e iza ion in a i icial me allic sam-
ples was ca ied ou . Finally, samples o sedimen we e analyzed, enabling he g ain size cha ac e iza ion
and sedimen mobili y assessmen in bo h a eas.
Acknowledgemen s. This wo k was ound by he Minis y o Economy and Compe i i eness h oughou
he p ojec ARQUEOMONITOR: S udy o he in luence o physical, chemical and biological condi ions
de e io a ion and sa egua ding in Unde wa e Cul u al He i age (CTM2010-16363).
Wednesday, June 11 h 53

XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
Wha o do when a p o ec ed species ea s you ish? A quan i a i e assessmen o he in e ac ions
o dolphins and ishe men
E a´
ın Mo ales, Manuel Aldu´
an, Ninoska Ade n, Bo ja Reyes, Na acha Aguila de So o
BIOECOMAC. Dep . Animal Biology, Geology and Edaphology. Uni e si y o La Laguna, Tene i e,
Cana y Islands.
Abs ac
In e ac ions be ween ce aceans and ishe ies occu in many a eas o he wo ld. They can ha e conse-
quences on he local economy and on he conse a ion o he species. In he Cana y Islands his p oblem
has a s ong impac on he a isanal ishe y o “el al o”. This is a deep-sea ishe y using long-lines wi h
10-20 hooks o ca ch deme sal species a 400-800 m dep h. The main a ge ed species a e Al onsino
(Be ix decadac ylus), Al onsino splendens (Be yx splendens), Oil ish (Ru e us p e iosus), Rabbi ish
(P ome hich ys p ome heus) and Blackbelly ose ish (Helicolenus dac ylop e us dac ylop e us). In he
a chipelago, he ishe y o “el al o” is mos common in he wes e n Cana y Islands o La Palma and El
Hie o and Iowe deg ee in Fue e en u a and Lanza o e. In hese islands he e a e deep wa e s nea he
coas and i is possible o access he deep-wa e esou ces om small a isanal boa s. Fishe men s a ed
complaining abou dolphins aking ish om he lines in La Palma in he 1990´s, en yea s ea lie han
in El Hie o. The e a e also some complains in Fue e en u a and Lanza o e. He e we quan i y he le el
o dolphin in e ac ions in El Hie o, hei economic impac and he obse ed impac s on he dolphins.
Also, we e alua e he po en ial e ec on he le el o in e ac ions o a one-yea long mo a o ia o ishing
in El Hie o (2011-2012) ollowing an unde wa e olcanic e up ion. Da a we e ga he ed seasonally
by dedica ed obse e s on-boa d he ishing boa s om May 2012 o May 2014 (n=44 boa dings in 35
ishing days). Resul s show ha wo ce acean species a e in ol ed in he in e ac ions: he common bo -
lenose dolphin (Tu siops unca us) and he ough- oo hed dolphin (S eno b edanensis). Dolphins ake
ish om he “el al o” ishe y du ing a mean o 30% o he ishing days, wi h seasonal a iabili y. This
c ea es signi ican economic loses o he ishe men mos specialized in he el al o ishe y (some 10,000
eu os pe yea o a ishe man). Also, he in e ac ions ha e implica ions o he sus ainabili y o he
local ishe ies when ishe men inc ease ishing e o on coas al species o subs i u e loses in he ishe y
o el al o. The impac on he dolphins is high also: dolphins su e di ec a acks om ishe men wi h
explosi es and ha poons (in La Palma and in El Hie o in he pas ), and can ge en angled in he lines (a
leas wo en anglemen s eco ded in summe -au umn 2013). These impac s a e ele an as dolphins a e
p o ec ed unde he Cana y Islands and Spanish ca alogues o p o ec ed species, and unde he Eu opean
Habi a s Di ec i e. Mo eo e , he in e ac ions wi h he ishe y o “el al o” o en occu wi hin Special
A eas o Conse a ion designa ed by he Habi a Di ec i e o p o ec bo lenose dolphins.
The one yea -long pause on ishing c ea ed by he olcanic e up ion p o ided an ideal oppo uni y o
es he hypo hesis ha a s op on ishing could had a posi i e e ec by educing he in e ac ions wi h he
dolphins when he ishe y e-s a s. Ou esul s show ha dolphins did no o ge he acqui ed o aging
me hod o in e ac ing wi h ishing lines in he yea wi h no o li le ishing. Follow up wo k includes
p o iding ishe men wi h quan i a i e da a on he economic loses hey expe ience due o he in e ac ions
wi h he dolphins, o base po en ial equi emen s o he ishe men o economic compensa ions in o de
o p e en u he illegal a acks o p o ec ed species. Also, we will de elop and es a mechanical de ice
o educe he access o dolphins o he ishing lines. This s udy is pa o he p ojec “Cana ias con la
Ma ” unded by Fundaci´
on Biodi e sidad.
54 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
La ge-scale p ocesses
Two Modes o Gul S eam Va iabili y Re ealed in he Las Two Decades o Sa elli e Al ime e
Da a
P´
e ez-He n´
andez, M. Dolo es1, Te ence M. Joyce2
1Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global, Uni e sidad de Las Pal- mas de G an Cana ia, Las Pal-
mas, Spain
2Depa men o Physical Oceanog aphy, Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, Woods Hole, Mas-
sachuse s
Abs ac
Mon hly mapped sea le el anomalies (MSLAs) o he NW A lan ic in he egion immedia ely down-
s eam o he Gul S eam (GS) sepa a ion poin e eal a leading mode in which he pa h shi s app ox-
ima ely 100 km me idionally abou a nominal la i ude o 39ºN, p oducing cohe en sea le el anomaly
(SLA) a iabili y om 72º o 50ºW. This mode can be cap u ed by use o a simple 16-poin index based
on SLA da a aken along he maximum o he obse ed a iabili y in he egion 33º–46ºN and 45º–75ºW.
The GS shi s be ween 2010 and 2012 a e he la ges o he las decade and equal o he la ges o he
en i e eco d. The second g oup o EOF modes o a iabili y desc ibes GS meande s, which p opaga e
mainly wes wa d in e up ed by b ie pe iods o eas wa d o s a iona y meande s. These meande s ha e
wa eleng hs o app oxima ely 400 km and can be seen in s anda d EOFs by spa ial phase shi ing o a
s anding meande pa e n in he SLA da a. The spec al p ope ies o hese modes indica e s ong a i-
abili y a in e annual and longe pe iods o he i s mode and pe iods o a ew o se e al mon hs o he
meande s. While he o me is qui e simila o a p e ious use o he al ime e o GS pa h, he simple
index is a use ul measu e o he la ge-scale shi s in he GS pa h ha is quickly es ima ed and upda ed
wi hou changes in p e ious es ima es. The ime-scale sepa a ion allows a low-pass il e ed 16-poin
index o be e lec i e o la ge-scale, cohe en shi s in he GS pa h.
Wednesday, June 11 h 55
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
On he in luence o Sub opical Highs in he de elopmen o A lan ic Ni˜
nos
Ma a Ma in-Rey1,2, I ene Polo3, Bel´
en Rod ´
ıguez-Fonseca1,2and Alban Laza 4
1Ins i u o de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), Facul ad de CC. F´
ısicas, Plaza de Ciencias 1. 28040-Mad id,
Spain
2Uni e sidad Complu ense Mad id, Depa amen o de F´
ısica de la Tie a As onom´
ıa y As o ´
ısica I,
28040 Mad id, Spain
3NCAS-Clima e, Uni e si y o Reading, Reading, Uni ed Kingdom
4LOCEAN-IPSL, Uni e si y o Pa is VI, Pa is, F ance
Abs ac
The A lan ic Ni˜
no is he leading mode o in e annual T opical A lan ic SST a iabili y du ing bo eal
summe . I has been shown ha changes in S a Helena High play a ole in he de elopmen o his mode,
in such a way ha anomalous geos ophic winds associa ed wi h a weakening o his High p essu e Sys-
em a e obse ed p e iously o he A lan ic Ni˜
no e olu ion. Ne e heless, ecen obse a ional s udies
also sugges ha he Azo es High could con ibu e o i s de elopmen , al hough he p ocesses in ol ed
a e s ill unknown.
The objec i e o he p esen wo k is o unde s and he con ibu ion o bo h Sub opical Highs in he
de elopmen o he A lan ic Ni˜
no a e he 1970s, when changes in i s spa ial s uc u e, ampli ude and
equency ha e been epo ed. To his aim, a se o expe imen s wi h he NEMO OGCM a e pe o med.
Fi s ly, an in e annual simula ion is un conside ing obse a ional winds o he pe iod 1991-1999, a
ep esen a i e decade o inc eased SST a iabili y o e he equa o ial A lan ic. The obse ed A lan ic
Ni˜
no e en s a e well ep oduced, sugges ing he impo an ole o he wind o cing in gene a ing he SST
anomalies. In pa icula , we p esen he analysis o he oceanic p ocesses a wo k in he de elopmen o
a case s udy.
56 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
On he o igin o he seasonal and in e annual T-S a iabili y o he in low h ough he S ai o
Gib al a
Jes´
us Ga c´
ıa La uen e, C is ina Na anjo, Rica do S´
anchez, Jos´
e C. S´
anchez Ga ido, Simone
Samma ino
Uni e si y o M´
alaga, Spain.
Abs ac
Du ing se e al yea s o he las decade, he hyd ological p ope ies o he A lan ic in low h ough he
S ai o Gib al a we e moni o ed a a s a ion loca ed o e he Mo occan con inen al shel sou h o
Cama inal sill. The s a ion, deployed and main ained by he Cen e Oceanologique de Ma seille in
collabo a ion wi h SHOMAR (Mo occo) was pa o he Hyd oChanges moni o ing ne wo k sponso ed
by he CIESM1and collec ed a good quali y se hyd ological obse a ions a 80 m dep h om 2003 o
he end o 2008, when he scien i ic equipmen was los . In an in e es ing pape , Millo (2007) analyzed
he ime subse ies spanning om 2003 o ea ly 2007 and showed an indispu able seasonal signal in he
A lan ic in low and a end o he salini y o he A lan ic wa e ha was lowing owa d he Medi e anean
Sea a he dep h o he s a ion. Since he in lowing wa e comes om he Gul o Cadiz, any signal
de ec ed in he in low mus be p esen in ha a ea, a ac ha has inspi ed he p esen wo k, which makes
use o di e en expe imen al (ARGO Global Ma ine A las, Al ime y, QuickSca winds, and he whole
ime se ies a Cama inal), e-analysis (NCEP-NCAR) and nume ical (ECCO model) da a o add ess he
opic.
The seasonal local signals o empe a u e and salini y in he Gul o Cadiz, bo h o hem nea ly depic ed
in he analyzed da a, show up di e en o igins. The empe a u e oscilla ion is accoun ed o by he
su ace hea lux o a e y g ea ex en (mo e han 80%), while he salini y signal is no sensi i e o any
su ace lux a all, bu o ad ec i e luxes. ARGO Global Ma ineI A las and ECCO model da a s ongly
sugges s ha he seasonal luc ua ions o he posi ion and ex ension o he No h A lan ic Sub opical
Gy e a e d i ing he seasonal salini y signal obse ed in he Gul o Cadiz, which is la e ad ec ed in o
he Medi e anean Sea h ough he S ai o Gib al a . The impo an conclusion o be d awn is ha
he in e annual a ia ions o he seasonal luc ua ions o he Gy e will gene a e sho - e m ends o he
seawa e p ope ies obse ed in he Gul o Cadiz (in a–decadal a iabili y) and, hence, in he S ai .
Ac ually, he ECCO da abase indica es ha such a sho - e m end o he Gy e posi ion o be displaced
o he eas ook place du ing he same yea s as he salini y end in he in low epo ed by Millo (2007).
Thus he salini ica ion men ioned by his au ho would ha e i s o igin in he la ge scale dynamics o he
No h A lan ic Sub opical Gy e, since he mo e o he eas he Gy e eaches, he easie will be o ind
sal ie wa e in he Gul o Cadiz. To his ega d i is wo h no ing ha he end o he No h A lan ic
Sub opical Gy e o be displaced o he eas s opped in yea 2007, which coincides wi h he end o
he sho - e m end ha was being de ec ed by he moni o ing s a ion. Millo ’s analyses emb aced he
pe iod om Feb ua y 2003 o Feb ua y 2007, which ended be o e he end changed, and he could no
en isage ha change.
As a as he salini y o he in low is a undamen al ing edien o he he mohaline ci cula ion o he
Medi e anean Sea, he unde s anding o he mechanism ha causes he in e annual a iabili y o he
seasonal pa e n o he No h A lan ic Sub opical Gy e would is c i ical o s udies o he in e annual
a iabili y o he Medi e anean Sea ci cula ion. The issue is cu en ly unde s udy al hough la ge scale
wind ield in he No h A lan ic posi s is he mos likely candida e.
1h p://www.ciesm.o g/ma ine/p og ams/hyd ochanges.h m
Wednesday, June 11 h 57
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
New e idences o su ace wa e ci cula ion pa e ns in he sou heas e n Bay o Biscay om HF
ada da a
L. Solaba ie a1, A. Rubio1, S. Cas anedo2, R. Medina2, L. Fe e 1
1AZTI-Tecnalia, He e a Kaia, po ualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
2Ins i u o de Hid ´
aulica Ambien al “IH Can ab ia”, C/Isabel To es, 15, Pa que Cien ´
ı ico y Tecnol´
ogico
de Can ab ia, 39011, San ande , Spain
Abs ac
The de ailed and quan i a i e desc ip ion o he spa ial pa e ns obse ed a he sou heas e n pa o he
Bay o Biscay, since 2009, is done using he Basque Coun y HF ada da a. New e idence is gi en on
he main ocean p ocesses, a di e en ime scales, a ec ing a s udy a ea whe e su ace cu en s show
ma ked empo al and spa ial a iabili y (Solaba ie a e al. 2014). A clea seasonali y in e ms o sea
su ace cu en s and along-slope ci cula ion is obse ed, wi h cyclonic and an icyclonic pa e ns du ing
he win e and summe mon hs, espec i ely. F om he analysis o lowpass il e ed cu en s, a key com-
ponen o his seasonal a iabili y is associa ed wi h he su ace signa u e o he slope cu en (Ibe ian
Polewa d Cu en (IPC)). Clea ly in ensi ied o e he uppe pa o he slope, his cu en ci cula es eas -
wa d o he Spanish coas and no hwa d o e he F ench shel es in win e . The p esence o mesoscale
s uc u es o e he a ea is also epo ed. A highe equencies, he analysis o he ine ial band-pass
il e ed da a e eals he complex spa ial and empo al pa e ns associa ed wi h hese p ocesses and al-
lows o quan i y he ela i e con ibu ion o he high equency o he o al a iabili y. O e all, ine ial
cu en s ep esen be ween 10 and 40% o he o al a iabili y; hei con ibu ion is signi ican ly g ea e
in summe and o e he deepe pa o he slope.
In addi ion o EOF (empi ical o hogonal unc ion) analysis, he p elimina y esul s ob ained using Sel
O ganizing Map (SOM) on he HF ada da a ein o ce he p e ious obse a ions and o e a deepe
insigh in o he su ace ci cula ion pa e ns.
64 Wednesday, June 11 h

O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Coas al P ocesses - Small Scale P ocesses
Modelling he oceanog aphic condi ions du ing s o m ollowing he Ba le o T a alga
Fe n´
andez-Mon blanc, T.1, Izquie do, A.2, Be hencou , M.1
1Depa men o Ma e ials Science and Me allu gical Enginee ing and Ino ganic Chemis y, Uni e si y
o Cadiz, Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalusia, In e na ional Campus o Excellence
o he Sea (CEI-MAR), A da. Rep´
ublica Saha aui s/n, Pue o Real, 11510 – Spain
2Applied Physics Depa men , Uni e si y o Cadiz, Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalu-
sia,Ma ine Science and Technological Cen e o Andalusia, In e na ional Campus o Excellence o he
Sea (CEI•MAR), A da.Rep´
ublica Saha aui s/n, Pue o Real, 11510 – Spain
Abs ac
Immedia ely a e he T a alga ba le, on 21s Oc obe 1805, a iolen s o m s uck he coas o Cadiz,
hi ing ha dly he damaged and ba e ed B i ish and Combined Spanish-F ench lee s. As a esul , se e al
ships un ag ound o sunk in di e en loca ions close o he coas o C´
adiz. The iden i ica ion and
loca ion o he shipw ecks emains, as well as he in e p e a ion o he his o ical ch onicles abou he
Ba le o T a alga a e closely ela ed o he impac o ha s o m on he lee s. Due o i s his o ical
signi icance, his s o m has been widely s udied om he me eo ological poin o iew. Howe e , he
oceanog aphic condi ions ela ed o ha e en ha e no been modelled up o ou knowledge.
We simula e he oceanog aphic condi ions occu ing du ing he s o m ollowing he Ba le o T a- alga
using he Del 3D-FLOW model, which has a 3D, ee-su ace ocean hyd odynamic module ha can
be coupled o a wa e module, allowing o wa e-cu en in e ac ion. The a mosphe ic o cing is aken
om a un o a MM5 me eo ological model se up wi h high esolu ion o e he Gul o Cadiz. This
me eo ological un simula ed a se e e s o m om he sou h-wes ha occu ed on Decembe 24 h 2009,
which had simila cha ac e is ics o he s o m ollowing he Ba le o T a alga , acco ding o logbooks
and o he his o ical sou ces.
The Flow 3D model se up was ca ied ou using e ical sigma coo dina es and a ho izon al do-main
decomposi ion app oach, whe e successi ely mo e de ailed ho izon al g ids allowed in-c easing esolu-
ion and e ining ou model solu ion in he a ea o in e es . The coa se g id is a ca esian g id wi h 252
m esolu ion ha ex ends om T a alga Cape o Chipiona coas . The idal open bounda y condi ions
include 6 main idal cons i uen s in he a ea aken om a global idal model AG95.1.
The Wa e model se up was un upon he same ho izon al g ids. Wa e pa ame e s a he open bounda y
we e se using da a om a wa e di ec ional buoy pe aining o REDCOS ne wo k, Pue os del Es ado.
The model esul s show a good compa ison wi h obse ed sea-le el, cu en eloci y, wa e and wind
da a.
Acknowledgemen s. This wo k was ound by he Minis y o Economy and Compe i i eness h oughou
he p ojec ARQUEOMONITOR: S udy o he in luence o physical, chemical and biological condi ions
de e io a ion and sa egua ding in Unde wa e Cul u al He i age (CTM2010-16363)
Wednesday, June 11 h 65
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
Wa e Ci cula ion Response o S ong C oss-Shel Winds. San Jo di Bay Case (NW Medi e -
anean Sea)
Manuel Espino, Manel G i oll and Agus ´
ın S.- A cilla
Labo a o i d’Enginye ia Ma ´
ı ima. Uni e si a Poli `
ecnica de Ca alunya. C/ Jo di Gi ona, 1-3. Edi ici
D1, Campus No d, 08034 Ba celona (Spain)
Abs ac
The inne - and mid-shel ci cula ion esponse o s ong c oss-shel winds is s udied in San Jo di Bay
(Ca alan Sea) whe e hose seawa d winds a e p e alen du ing all and win e . S ong e idences o c oss-
shel ci cula ion co ela ed wi h c oss-shel winds a e ob ained om a one-yea cu en me e eco d a
43.5 m deep. Du ing se e e s o ms unde uns a i ied condi ions, he obse a ions exhibi o sho e low
in he en i e wa e column esul ing om a complex con e gence in he along-shel ci cula ion. Unde
s a i ied condi ions, he p edomina ly wo-laye c oss-shel low is in ensi ied by c oss-shel winds.
Along-shel wind-d i en ci cual ion in San Jo di Bay was week. F om coupled a mosphe e-wa e-ocean
nume ical simula ions (Wa ne e al., 2010), a complex low is app ecia ed wi h he ci cula ion pa e n
being a highly-dependen o he s a i ica ion condi ions.
66 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Long ime se ies o high- equency measu emen s o he esponse o coas al upwelling in he R´
ıa
de Vigo
Ba on, E.D.1, Villacie os-Robineau, N.1, de la G anda, F.1, Alonso-P´
e ez, F.1, G a˜
na, R.2, Pied a-
coba, S.2, To es, R.3, La gie , J.4and Gilco o, M.1
1Ins i u o de In es igaciones Ma inas (IIM-CSIC), Spain
2Uni e sidad de Vigo, Spain
3Plymou h Ma ine Labo a o y, UK
4Bodega Ma ine Labo a o y, Uni e si y o Cali o nia Da is, USA
Abs ac
Nea ly one yea o high equency (2 kHz) cu en sampling has been eco ded since 20 June 2013
in he cen e o he R´
ıa de Vigo, a 43m dep h, wi h a a e o a ailabili y close o 95%. This mul i-
gigaby e da ase includes 60 e ical cells o 75 cm heigh dis ibu ed om 2.2 me e s abo e bo om
o 47.5 mab (ensu ing ha he ide does no ou ange he sea su ace) measu ed wi h an RDI Acous ic
Dopple Cu en P o ile , a 600kHz Wo kHo se Sen inel uni wi h Wa esA ay module. The cu en
me e was bo om deployed in a gimballed py amid in a ixed posi ion and supplied wi h ene gy and
communica ions by a subma ine cable.
This long and high quali y ime se ies o cu en s includes a wide spec um o physical p ocesses, anging
om wa e cu en s o sub idal emo e wind induced cu en s. In ac , he leng h and sampling equency
o he ime se ies will allow he bes idal cu en analysis e e made in a Galician ´
ıa. Mos likely, his
eco d se will also allow us o s udy sho - ime p ocesses as he u bulence.
He e we will ocus on he well known e ec o he emo e wind on he esidual ci cula ion o he R´
ıa de
Vigo. Coas al upwelling and downwelling e en s ha e long been iden i ied as he i s o de o cing o
he sub idal ´
ıa ci cula ion bu his da a se e eals o he i s ime ha he esponse o his o cing is as
sho as a ew hou s.
Wednesday, June 11 h 67
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
Re hinking he g adien Richa dson numbe
J. L. Peleg ´
ı and P. Sang `
a
Ins i u de Ci`
encies del Ma , CSIC, 08003 Ba celona; Ins i u o Uni e si a io de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio
Global, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G. C., 35017 Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
The g adien Richa dson numbe , Ri, is he classical index o dynamic e ical ins abili y. I is gen-
e ally iewed as a a io be ween he s abilizing e ec s o buoyancy e sus he des abilizing ole o he
(squa ed) e ical shea . The g adien Richa dson numbe is small (subc i ical when i s alue is less
han one) when s a i ica ion is small enough and/o e ical shea is su icien ly la ge; unde hese ci -
cums ances he low becomes uns able, p one o mixing. In his communica ion we ca e ully explo e an
al e na i e pe spec i e, which a ises in isopycnic coo dina es: he g adien Richa dson numbe is now a
a io be ween he in e se o e ical s a i ica ion and he (squa ed) shea in densi y coo dina es (named
he diapycnal shea ). F om his poin o iew he low becomes uns able in well s a i ied condi ions as
long as he diapycnal shea emains mode a ely la ge (Peleg ´
ı and Csanady, 1994; Peleg ´
ı and Sang `
a,
1998; Peleg ´
ı e al., 1998).
One impo an limi a ion o Ri, as an indica o o mixing, is ha i canno di e en ia e be ween mixing in
s a i ied egions e sus low ins abili y in al eady well-mixed wa e s. The isopycnic app oach sugges s
ha diapycnal shea is a mos ele an a iable o low s abili y, ye i alone canno assess he exis ence o
uns able condi ions. The e o e, we ew i e he ins abili y condi ion as a educed squa ed diapycnal shea ,
which is a unc ion o bo h Ri and he s a i ica ion, and dec eases mono onically wi h s a i ica ion.
The abo e concep s a e illus a ed using da a om h ee dis inc egions: he shel b eak sou h o G an
Cana ia, he Gul S eam and he Medi e anean ou low. I u ns ou ha e y o en o G an Cana ia
and he Medi e anean ou low, and only e y a ely o he Gul S eam, he condi ions a e subc i ical.
The a iables a e non-dimensionalized by means o he backg ound s a i ica ion. The e ical shea ,
diapycnal shea and he educed squa ed diapycnal shea a e hen plo ed, as cloud poin s, as a unc ion
o s a i ica ion. The esul s con i m a dependence o he squa ed educed diapycnal on s a i ica ion,
which is cha ac e is ic o each pa icula low dynamics.
Re e ences
Peleg ´
ı, J. L. and G. T. Csanady, 1994. Diapycnal mixing in wes e n bounda y cu en s. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18275-18304.
Peleg ´
ı, J. L., and P. Sang ´
a, 1998. A mechanism o laye o ma ion in s a i ied geophysical lows. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30679-30693.
Peleg ´
ı, J. L., A. Rod ´
ıguez-San ana, P. Sang ´
a, and A. Ma e o-D´
ıaz, 1998. Modeling o shea -induced diapycnal mixing in on al
sys ems. Appl. Sci. Res., 59, 159-175.
68 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Ve ical Mixing in he A lan ic Equa o ial Unde cu en
A. Rod ´
ıguez-San ana1, J.L. Peleg ´
ı2and M. Emeliano 2
1Depa amen o de F´
ısica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
2Depa amen d’Oceanog a ia F´
ısica, Ins i u de Ci`
encies del Ma , CSIC, Spain.
Abs ac
Wi h he objec i e o s udy e ical mixing in he A lan ic Equa o ial Unde cu en (EUC), a o al o 14
mic os uc u e e ical p o iles, down app oxima ely o 400 m, we e done wi h a ee- all mic os uc u e
p o ile ( u boMAP-L). The da a se was collec ed om 11 o 18 Ap il 2010, du ing he i s pa o
MOC2-Ecua o ial c uise (p ojec MOC2), ca ied ou wi h R/V Hesp´
e ides. A o al o 47 conduc i i y-
empe a u e-dep h (CTD) cas s, down o 1500 m o he sea loo , and eloci y da a acqui ed wi h he
75-kHz essel-moun ed Acous ic Dopple Cu en P o ile (ADCP) using bins o 8 m un il abou 500 m
dep h, we e done in he equa o ial egion (Cla e e al, 2012).
In mos cases, he EUC maximum eloci y was nea 70 m. We ound high alues o mean u bulen
kine ic ene gy dissipa ion a es, , on 5×10−7m2s−3be ween 20 and 60 m, low alues on 4×10−9m2
s−3be ween 60 and 120 m h ough he EUC co e, and mode a e alues on 6×10−8m2s−3jus below
he co e. We also ound di e ences be ween wes e n and eas e n s a ions along EUC. A wes e n s a ion
on 38.5ºW shows a maximum eloci y on 0.64 m s−1wi h an i egula e ical salini y p o ile below he
co e wi h a ious s eps, while an eas e n s a ion on 33ºW shows a maximum eloci y on 0.96 m s−1wi h
a e ical salini y p o ile less i egula . The es ima ions o densi y a io, Rρ, and g adien Richa dson
numbe , Ri, sugges ha he sou ces o he e ical mixing a e he e ical shea abo e and jus below he
EUC and sal inge s below i . Pa ame e izing he e ical di usi i y as a unc ion o Ri and Rρjoin ly
wi h obse a ions o , we can es ima e he e ical luxes o di e en p ope ies h ough he EUC in
o de o know he ole o he di e en e ical mixing p ocesses (Wang and M¨
ulle , 2002; Za on and
Moum, 2009; Cla e e al, 2012).
Acknowledgemen s. This esea ch has been unded by he Spanish Minis e io de Ciencia e Inno aci´
on
h ough p ojec MOC2 (CTM2008-06438-C02-01).
Re e ences
Cla e M., R. Rod ´
ıguez and J.L. Peleg ´
ı, 2012: Salini y in usi´
on and con ec i e mixing in he A lan ic Equa o ial Unde cu en . Scien ia
Ma ina, 76S1: 117-129.
Wang D., P. M¨
ulle , 2002. E ec s o equa o ial unde cu en shea on uppe -ocean mixing and in e nal wa es. Jou nal o Physical
Oceanog aphy, 32: 1041-1057.
Za on E.D., J.N. Moum, 2009. A new look a Richa dson numbe mixing schemes o equa o ial ocean modeling. Jou nal o Physical
Oceanog aphy, 39: 2652-2664.
Wednesday, June 11 h 69

Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
On how ides a ec he biological p oduc i i y o he S ai o Gib al a -Albo an sea sys em: a
nume ical model s udy
Jos´
e C. S´
anchez Ga ido, C. Na anjo, D. Mac´
ıas, S. Samma ino, J. Ga c´
ıa La uen e
Uni e si y o M´
alaga, Spain.
Abs ac
The Medi e anean is an oligo ophic sea ha exhibi s a dec easing biological p oduc i i y pa e n om
Wes o Eas . The Albo an Sea (AS) is i s mos p oduc i e sub-basin as shown by in si u measu emen s,
sa elli e images, and basin-scale nume ical simula ions. All hese sou ces e eal a mean s a e cha ac-
e ized by an incoming je o A lan ic Wa e meande ing a ound wo mesoscale an iciclonic gy es as i
p og esses o he Medi e anean. Di e en ly o he gy es, which a e la gely oligo ophic, he je and
i s su oundings a e zones o g ea biological p oduc i i y. Gi en ha A lan ic Wa e s a e poo in nu-
ien s such high p oduc i i y is explained by an ac i e submesoscale dynamics, wi h po en ial o pump
nu ien s o he pho ic zone.
The abo e scena io is based on a hypo he ic quasi-s eady ci cula ion and does no conside ides, pa ic-
ula ly ele an in he S ai o Gib al a . Tides in he S ai can (1) e ilize he incoming je h ough he
ad ec ion o mixed wa e om Tangie Basin a he lee side o Cama inal Sill (wi h o igin in an in e nal
hyd aulic jump), o acili a e he en ainmen o Medi e anean Wa e by he je a he na owes sec ion
o he S ai . In addi ion, (2) ides expo nonlinea in e nal wa es and o he ageos ophic lows o he
AS, gi ing ise o a mo e ene ge ic submesoscale ci cula ion. The ole ha hese wo p ocesses play
on he biological p oduc i i y o he AS is in es iga ed wi h an ecosys emic Nu ien -Phy oplank on-
Zooplank on-De i us (NPZD) model embedded wi h a submesoscale- esol ing idally-d i en ci cula-
ion model. Resul s e eal ha he join con ibu ion o (1) and (2) inc eases he biological p oduc i i y
o he AS in a ac o o wo.
70 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
2 Thu sday, June 12 h
IV In e nacional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Biological Oceanog aphy
The ole o diel e ical mig an s in he oceanic ca bon pump
San iago He n´
andez-Le´
on
Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global. Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. Islas Ca-
na ias.
Abs ac
Ac i e lux pe o med by mig an bio a is s ill a gap in he knowledge o he biological pump in he
ocean. These o ganisms eed upon epipelagic zooplank on and anspo his ca bon due o hei eeding
a he shallowe laye s and hei de eca ion, espi a ion, exc e ion and mo ali y a dep h. Diel e ical
mig an s (DVMs) in sub opical wa e s p omo e a luna cycle in epipelagic zooplank on biomass, and
a ough es ima ion o his mo ali y by p eda ion sugges s alues simila o he mean passi e lux. The
ecen inding ha mesopelagic ish biomass in he ocean is one o de o magni ude highe , and he
disco e y o high acous ic backsca e om he su ace o ba hypelagic dep hs (4000 m dep h) in he
equa o ial wa e s o he A lan ic and Paci ic Oceans, sugges s ha ac i e lux is ba ely known. E idence
o he so-called “Ladde o Mig a ion” below 1000 m dep h is p esen ed, shedding some ligh abou he
capaci y o DVMs o p omo e ue ca bon seques a ion in he ocean.
Thu sday, June 12 h 71
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Biochemical esponses de e mined in Hedis e di e sicolo exposed o sedimen spiked wi h luoxe-
ine and 17α-e hynyles adiol.
Ma anho, L. A.1,2, And ´
e, C.3, DelValls, T. A.1, Gagn´
e, F.3, Ma ´
ın-D´
ıaz, M. L.1,2
1Andalusian Cen e o Ma ine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Polygon R´
ıo
San Ped o, s/n, 11510, Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
2UNITWIN/UNESCO/WiCoP, Physical Chemical Depa men , Facul y o Ma ine and En i onmen al
Sciences, Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Polygon R´
ıo San Ped o, s/n, 11510, Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
3S . Law ence Cen e, En i onmen Canada, 105 McGill S ee , 7 h loo , H2Y 2E7, Mon eal, Quebec,
Canada.
Abs ac
Es ua ies d i e la ge olumes o e luen s con aining nume ous con aminan s. Sedimen s can ac as a sink
and/o a sou ce o a a ie y o hese compounds. The e is a lack o da a on pha maceu ical exposu es
o es ua ine and ma ine bio a; despi e coas al a eas a e he majo ecep o o was ewa e and suppo s
he mos human popula ed a eas in he wo ld. I is well known ha municipal e luen s con ain a a ie y
o pha maceu ical and pe sonal ca e p oduc s (PPCPs), including neu oac i e d ugs (e.g. luoxe ine)
and ho mones (e.g. 17α-e hynyles adiol). Pha maceu icals compounds a e designed o al e physiology
a low doses and hey a e conside ed pa icula ly eme gen and po en con aminan s. P e ious s udies
showed ha pha maceu ical compounds a e mo e sui able o p o oke suble hal e ec s han acu e oxici y.
Thus, he polychae es Hedis e (= Ne eis) di e sicolo appea s as a key species in es ua ine ecosys ems.
This bioindica o is conside ed an essen ial componen o eco oxicological oolboxs o sedimen quali y
assessmen , due o hei abundance, ecological ele ance and cons an ly con ac wi h con aminan s in he
sedimen and wa e column.
In a way o e alua e he sui abili y o he bioindica o H. di e sicolo and he use o ch onic esponses o
he isk assessmen o pha maceu ical compounds in he sedimen quali y e alua ion, an ex ensi e ba e y
o bioma ke s was applied. Polychae es H. di e sicolo we e exposed o 15-days o i e concen a ions
o luoxe ine (FLU) and 17α-e hynyles adiol (EE2) spiked in ma ine sedimen samples, including he
en i onmen al concen a ions (unde lined): 100 µg L−1, 10 µg L−1, 1 µg L−1, 0.1 µg L−1, 0.01 µg
L−1. Following he expe imen al pe iod, signi ican mo ali y (p <0.05) o H. di e sicolo was obse ed
in eplica es o sedimen samples spiked wi h FLU (1 µg L−1) and EE2 (100 µg L−1, 10 µg L−1).
Concen a ions o FLU (p <0.05) and EE2 (p <0.01) we e posi i e co ela ed wi h mo ali y.
Two ypes o bioma ke s we e p oposed o measu e PPCPs e ec s in he en i onmen . The i s a e
bioma ke s encompassing he e ec s o d ugs wi h no assump ion o hei mechanism o ac ion and
speci ici y. This se o bioma ke s included wo phases o he me abolism: Phase I ha in ol es cy-
och ome P450 (CY450) enzymes (e hoxy eso u in O-dee hylase - EROD and dibenzyl luo escein dealky-
lase – DBF) and Phase II measu ed by glu a hione S- ans e ase (GST) enzymes. Also included e-
sponses ela ed o oxida i e s ess as an ioxidan enzymes (glu a hione pe oxidase (GPx) and glu a hione
educ ase (GR)), neu o oxici y (ace ylcholines e ase - AChE), lipid pe oxida ion (LPO) and DNA dam-
age (s and b eaks). The second class o bioma ke s p oposed a e hose ha a e ela ed o he mode o
ac ion o he d ug in ques ion, wi h possible e ec s on an o ganism’s su i al, immune unc ion and e-
p oduc ion. This se o bioma ke s we e composed by he assessmen o cyclooxygenase ac i i y (COX),
monoamine oxidase ac i i y (MAO), mi ochond ial elec on anspo (MET), le els o i ellogenin-like
p o eins (Vg) and o al lipids (TLP).
Conce ning he esponses o enzyma ic bioma ke s o CYP450, EROD ac i i y was induced by FLU and
EE2 concen a ions (p <0.05) con i ming he in ol emen o CYP450 in he me abolism o deg ada-
ion o hese pha maceu icals. Phase II GST enzyma ic ac i i y did no espond o he pha maceu ical
72 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
p oduc s es ed. Neu o oxici y was induced in polychae es exposed o FLU and EE2 (p <0.05). Oxida-
i e s ess (LPO and DNA damage) was obse ed a e he exposu e o FLU and EE2 (p <0.05). LPO
inc eased wi h he FLU concen a ion; howe e LPO dec eased wi h EE2 concen a ion. DNA damage
was signi ican ly lowe han he con ol (p <0.05) o bo h pha maceu ical p oduc s es ed. Polychae es
exposed o FLU and EE2 did no show signi ican di e ences compa ed o he con ol o MET ac i -
i y o TLP, which means ha hese pha maceu ical p oduc s did no s imula e ene gy ese es o spend
h ough MET ac i i y in his bioindica o . Vg-like p o eins le els we e signi ican ly dec eased o poly-
chae es exposed o FLU when compa ed o he con ol (p <0.05), which was in e sely p opo ional o
he concen a ion. The dec ease o Vg-like p o eins le els also happened wi h he inc ease o EE2 con-
cen a ions, e en no signi ican di e ences we e de e mined. All he animals chosen in he p esen s udy
we e no in he ma u a ion phase. Because o his ac , he e was no inc ease o Vg-like p o eins le -
els be ween he di e en concen a ions o pha maceu ical p oduc s es ed. Monoamines a e impo an
media o s o game e ma u a ion and spawning, howe e o ganisms exposed o FLU and EE2 showed
signi ican ly dec ease o MAO ac i i y compa ed o he con ol (p <0.05). FLU and EE2 ha e ecen ly
been ound o possess an i-in lamma o y p ope ies, al hough i was no de e mined in he polychae es
exposed o FLU. On he o he hand, polychae es exposed o EE2 concen a ions showed signi ican ly
lowe COX ac i i y han he con ol (p <0.05) con i ming i s an i-in lamma o y p ope ies.
The quan i ica ion o biochemical pa ame e s was shown o p o ide impo an insigh s on oxican -
induced changes in key physiological mechanisms. Ou esul s indica ed he oxici y o low-le el
pha maceu ical-spiked sedimen and ecommended he ba e y o bioma ke s used in he bioindica o
specie H. di e sicolo o he sedimen quali y assessmen o ch onic esponses ela ed o pha maceu i-
cal compounds and ma ine ecosys ems. As a whole, his in es iga ion highligh ed he need o ocusing
u u e esea ch e o s on possible physiological impai men s caused by exposu e o ma ine ben hic
species o pha maceu ical p oduc s.
Thu sday, June 12 h 73
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Byca ch o ce aceans wi h gillne s in Ecuado
Pa icia Rose o Ram´
ı ez Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Abs ac
80 Thu sday, June 12 h

O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Biodi e si y
F om me abolism o social li e: en yea s o esea ch on he acous ic ecology o deep-di ing ce aceans
in he Cana y Islands
N. Aguila de So o1, P. Madsen2, P. A anz 1,3, J. Ma e o 1, and M. Johnson3
1BIOECOMAC (Biodi e sidad, Ecolog´
ıa Ma ina y Conse aci´
on), La Laguna Uni e si y, Tene i e,
Spain
2Bioacous ics Lab. Dep . Zoophysiology. Aa hus Uni e si y, Denma k
3SMRU (Sea Mammal Resea ch Uni ), Uni e si y o S . And ews, Sco land
Abs ac
The Cana y Islands ha bou yea - ound popula ions o a leas ou species o deep-di ing ce aceans. A
esea ch line on he acous ic ecology o hese species s a ed a ULL in 2003 using minia u ised digi al
ags (DTAGs) o in es iga e hei acous ic ecology. DTAGs eco d sound, dep h and h ee dimensional
mo emen s o he whales, enabling s udies using mul iple laye s o in o ma ion abou he ac i i y o
he animals. DTAGs we e a ached wi h suc ion cups o 100 pilo whales and 14 beaked whales in he
a chipelago. No el esul s om his esea ch include he desc ip ion o he echoloca ion signals (buzzes
and clicks) o sho inned pilo whales and Blain ille´s beaked whales, eco ding o i s ime o an
echoloca ing animal echoes om i s p ey and o he o ganisms in he wa e column. These echoes and
echoes om he sea loo , p o iding da a on he al i ude o he whales when o aging, we e used o
unco e ha beaked whales eed a dep hs om 400 o 1300 m, bo h in he deep sca e ing laye (DSL)
and ben hic bounda y laye (BBL) as close as 5 m om he sea loo , while sho - inned pilo whales eed
on mesopelagic p ey a dep hs om 200 o in excess o 1000 m, and on he mig a o y laye ascending o
epipelagic wa e s du ing he nigh . Sho - inned pilo whales and he simila -sized Blain ille´s beaked
whale o age wi h e y di e en s a egies. The a e age o aging di es o hese species di e in du a ion
(15 e sus 50 min), numbe o p ey-cap u e a emp s pe di e (1.3 e sus 25) and swimming speeds
(up o 9 m/s e sus 3 m/s). The sp in ing beha iou o sho - inned pilo whales has dese ed hem he
nickname o “chee ahs o he deep sea”. This beha iou seems adap ed o exploi a niche o med by
la ge and calo ic p ey wi h high mo emen capabili ies, including gian squid which may be specially
abundan in he Cana y Islands. The beha iou o beaked whales is e y di e en , hey ha e specialized
in pe o ming long di es a low speed o a ge mo e abundan and lowe ene gy p ey. Respi ome y da a
show ha he mass-speci ic ield me abolic a e o sho - inned pilo whales is ou imes highe han
ha o beaked whales. Thus, pilo whales a e mo e expensi e o main ain bu cap u e less p ey, clea ly
sugges ing di e ences in he ype o a ge ed p ey. Di e en mo emen indica o s o he cos o di es
(accele a ion a e, dynamic body accele a ion and d ag- ela ed swimming cos ) can be used o p edic
oxygen consump ion a e each di e, p o iding an es ima ion o he ela i e cos o he di e. Conside ing
his cos and he numbe o p ey-cap u e a emp s pe di e, p ey a ge ed by pilo whales in sp in ing
di es can be 20 imes mo e calo ic han p ey a ge ed by he same species a low speed o by Blain ille´s
beaked whales. The o aging beha iou o pilo whales has s ong ci cadian and dep h di e ences in
he calo ic alue o p ey. In con as , Blain ille´s ha e specialized in less calo ic bu mo e abundan and
s able esou ces, exempli ying op-p eda o niche seg ega ion in he deep-ocean. This niche seg ega ion
has implica ions o he spa ial dis ibu ion o he species in a eas o he a chipelago wi h di e en
oceanog aphic and ba hyme ic cha ac e is ics. Mo eo e , bo h ce acean species a e s ongly elying o
hei o aging in he deep sca e ing laye (DSL) and on he p eda o s o he o ganisms in he DSL. This
sugges s ha exploi ing esou ces o he DSL in he Cana y Islands, such as he explo a o y ishe ies o
myc ophids elsewhe e, may con lic wi h he conse a ion o he impo an popula ions o deep-di ing
op-p eda o ce acean species in he a chipelago.
Thu sday, June 12 h 81
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Sound plays an essen ial pa in ce acean communica ion. DTAGs eco d sound up o he ul asonic
ange in andem o senso da a, making possible o link he ocal ou pu wi h he beha iou al con ex o
he ocaliza ions. Sho - inned pilo whales and Blain ille´s beaked whales p oduce he deepes onal
sounds eco ded in any ma ine mammal, challenging he limi a ions imposed by inc easing hyd os a ic
p essu e a dep h on a pneuma ic sound gene a ion sys em. Sho - inned pilo whales li e in la ge and
cohesi e social g oups and a e highly ocal bo h a he su ace and when di ing, p obably o main ain
g oup cohesion. Bu hey educe he du a ion and ou pu o hei calls wi h dep h in esponse o he lowe
olume o ai a ailable o sound p oduc ion. In con as , Blain ille´s beaked whales p oduce ew sounds
apa o echoloca ion signals, and he communica i e signals o hese species (whis les and asps) a e
only p oduced a dep h. We p oposed ha his beha iou has e ol ed o a oid de ec ion by acous ically
sensi i e p eda o s such as o cas. And his is suppo ed by a ecen obse a ion o an a ack o o ca o
beaked whales in La Palma esul ing in he dea h o he wo cal es in he g oup. The la e age o sexual
ma u a ion o beaked whales and long in e -cal in e al pose an adap i e p emium in a oiding p eda o
de ec ion o his species li ing in small g oups wi h li le social de ence om p eda o s.
In summa y, he esea ch on deep di ing ce aceans wo ks owa ds an in eg a ion o eco-physiology and
beha iou o hese species o unde s and how hey ha e e ol ed o cope wi h he challenges o li ing in
a deep-wa e en i onmen o ai -b ea hing mammals.
82 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Con ibu ion o he bioecology o Ab aliopsis mo sii Ve any, 1839 (Cephalopoda, Enoplo eu hidae)
o he Cana y Islands
San os-Be hencou , R., V. He n´
andez-Ga c´
ıa, S. Bo as-Fuen es, C. D´
ıez, A. Ba e a, F. Bo des
and J.J. Cas o
Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa, Edi . Ciencias B´
asicas, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma , Uni e sidad de Las
Palmas de G an Cana ia, C. P 35017, Ta i a Baja, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
In he A lan ic Ocean, Ab aliopsis mo isii (V´
e any, 1839) is dis ibu ed along he opical and sub opical
zones. The species is ela i ely abundan and plays an impo an ole in he ophic web o oceanic
wa e s. The p esen wo k is based on indi iduals caugh in 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2002 by he S/V La
Bocaina, including wo awl se ies o 4 ows a ou disc e e le els du ing day and nigh imes, using a
comme cial ishing gea .
Sexual dimo phism was obse ed, being males smalle han 30 mm man le leng h, while emales eached
la ge sizes. The a e age numbe o ipe oocy es was 564 ( ange 420 - 692 oocy es), and he a e age
numbe o spe ma opho es was 33, oscilla ing be ween 14 and 69. The leng h o he spe ma opho es
anged be ween 6.5 and 12 mm. This sho li e span species is abundan along he yea a ound he
islands. This species ed on small zooplank on. Squid showed noc u nal mig a ions o su ace and
he species was mo e abundan a ound eas e n islands. This is he i s con ibu ion o he biology o
Ab aliopsis mo issi in he Cana y Islands zone, he no heas pa o i s dis ibu ion a ea.
Thu sday, June 12 h 83
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
La al abundance o C assos ea (Mollusca: Bi al ia) in he Ma i ´
ıo Bay, Gul o U ab´
a (Colom-
bian Ca ibbean)
Jai o Zapa a1, Vale ia A is iz´
abal2, Jenny Leal2, Paula U ´
an1, Jai o Guille mo V´
asquez3
1Uni e sidad de An ioquia, Co po aci´
on Acad´
emica Ambien al, G upo Giscmac Medell´
ın
2Uni e sidad de An ioquia, Co po aci´
on Acad´
emica Ambien al, G upo Gismac, Tu bo
3Co po u ab´
a, Apa ad´
o
Abs ac
This cons i u es he i s s udy aiming o de e mine he abundance o C assos ea la ae, caugh using
zooplank onic awls ne s, o 12 mon hs a i e (5) wo ks a ions a he Ma i ´
ıo bay, sou hwes side
o he Gul o U ab´
a. La ae we e p esen h oughou he sampling pe iod a all s a ions sampled,
bu he g ea es abundance was egis e in July 2013 wi h 77.72 la ae/m3. The la ae dis ibu ion
pa e n showed no signi ican di e ences among ei he seasons o sampling pe iods, showing he e o e,
a canonical co ela ion o he o al la al abundance. Ses on ins ead, showed he highes he s a is ical
a ia ion o he la al abundance pa e n o C assos ea.
84 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
S omach con en o a emale spe m whale (Physe e mac ocephalus) o he Cana y Islands
D´
ıez, C., V. He n´
andez-Ga c´
ıa, S. Bo as-Fuen es, R. San os-Be hencou , J.J. Cas o
Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa, Edi . Ciencias B´
asicas, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma , Uni e sidad de Las
Palmas de G an Cana ia, C. P. 35017, Ta i a Baja, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
Abs ac
The s omach con en o a emale spe m whale (Physe e mac ocephalus), ound in Ap il 1996, a e
c ashing wi h a e y, is epo ed. This s omach con en was composed only by cephalopods. These ones
we e inden i ied o he lowes axonomic le el possible using he lowe beak, muscles and o he ha d
emains, a emp ing o epo knowledge abou he die o his spe m whale. Thus, his is he i s con i-
bu ion o Cana y Islands inhabi ing spe m whale’s die . The beaks o he cephalopod iden i ied ga e he
ollowing esul s: The amily His io eu hidae was p edominan in numbe (78%) and biomass in he die ,
in ag eemen wi h he ac o being one o he mos common middle-sized cephalopods in Cana y Islands
wa e s. The 22% emained beaks belonged o di e en species o C anchiidae (12%), Oc opo heu idae
(3%), Lepido heu idae (4%), Ommas ephidae (1,5%), Pholydo heu idae (1,5%), A chi heu idae (1%)
and Alloposidae (1%) amilies. The di e si y o cephalopod species iden i ied oge he wi h he a ail-
able da a o dep h and geog aphical dis ibu ion enabled he econs uc ion o eeding beha iou o his
spe m whale du ing i s las days o li e.
Thu sday, June 12 h 85

IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
How Fi e Co al a i ed o he Cana ies?
L´
opez C, Clemen e S, He n´
andez JC, Almeida C and He n´
andez M
Uni e sidad de La Laguna
Abs ac
Many species ha e expe ienced ecen ange expansions due o human-media ed p ocesses, such as he
unin en ional anspo on ec ea ional and comme cial ships, plas ic was e and ocean wa ming. Ac ual
seawa e empe a u e inc ease in highe la i udes acili a es ha many opical species can ole a e li ing
beyond hei no mal limi o dis ibu ion, exe ing a po en ial impac on au och honous assemblages.
In Sep embe 2008 h ee colonies o he i e co al Millepo a sp. (Cnida ia: Hyd ozoa) we e ound a
he sou heas e n coas o Tene i e (Cana y Islands). This species shows a ci cum opical dis ibu ion,
being he Cape Ve de Islands i s no he n limi o dis ibu ion in he eas e n A lan ic, whe e Millepo a
plays an impo an ole in he o ganiza ion o coas al ben hic communi ies. A plausible explana ion o
i s p esence in he Cana ies (11°N) could be h ough he apid mo emen o wa m wa e masses ha
ook place du ing 1998; howe e , o he hypo heses need o be aken in o conside a ion. The e o e, he
aim o his s udy was o de e mine he o igin o hese colonies using he a ia ion o he cy och ome
oxidase subuni I (COI) gene as molecula ma ke . In o de o do ha , a o al o 9 indi idual samples
om Tene i e and 30 om h ee di e en locali ies om Cape Ve de Islands (Ta a al -San iago Island-;
Ilheu dos Passa os and Baia das Ga as -S˜
ao Vicen e Island-) we e analysed. In addi ion, COI sequences
om Ca ibbean samples deposi ed in he GenBank we e also included in he analysis.
Ou esul s showed ha all he specimens collec ed in Tene i e we e gene ically iden ical, sugges ing
he possibili y ha all o hem could be clonal descendan s om a unique indi idual. The e o e, he
coloniza ion o Cana ies by Millepo a sp. can be he esul o a e y ecen and s ong ounde e ec .
The nucleo ide sequences o he samples om he Cape Ve de Islands and he Cana y Islands we e
close o he Ca ibbean han be ween hemsel es, poin ing o he Ca ibbean popula ion as he popula ion
sou ce o bo h a chipelagos. The p esence o Millepo a sp. in he Cana ies could be explained by ee
dispe sal o pelagic la ae h ough he Gul S eam cu en o by ships ballas wa e . Howe e , he ac
ha Millepo a sp. a i ed o Cape Ve de be o e o Cana ies sugges s ha he habi a equi emen s o he
species did no exis be o e in he Cana ian A chipelago. Then, he ising seawa e empe a u es ecen ly
egis e ed in he Cana y Islands could ha e acili a ed he se lemen o ee co als d i ing ac oss he wo
basin o he A lan ic.
86 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
E ec s o a subma ine e up ion on he pe o mance o wo b own seaweeds
S´
e o a Be anco 1, Fe nando Tuya1,TebaGil-D´
ıaz1,F´
elixL.Figue oa2, Rica do Ha oun1
1Cen o en Biodi e sidad y Ges i´
on Ambien al, Ma ine Sciences Facul y, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de
G an Cana ia, Las Palmas, Cana y Islands, Spain
2Depa amen o de Ecolog´
ıa, Facul ad de Ciencias, Uni e sidad de M´
alaga, Campus Uni e si a io de
Tea inos s/n, 29071 M´
alaga, Spain
Abs ac
Wo ld oceans a e becoming mo e acidic as a consequence o CO2an h opogenic emissions, wi h mul-
iple physiological and ecological implica ions. So a , ou unde s anding is mainly limi ed o some
species h ough in i o expe imen a ion. In his s udy, we ook ad an age o a ecen subma ine e up-
ion ( om Oc obe 2011 o Ma ch 2012) a 1 nau ical mile o sho e El Hie o Island (Cana y Islands,
cen al eas A lan ic) o de e mine whe he al e ed physical–chemical condi ions, mainly sudden na u al
ocean acidi ica ion, a ec ed he mo phology, pho osyn hesis (in si u Chl-a luo escence) and physiologi-
cal pe o mance (pho o-p o ec i e mechanisms and oxida i e s ess) o he conspicuous b own seaweeds
Padina pa onica—a species wi h ca bona e deposi ion – and Lobopho a a iega a—a species wi hou
ca bona e on hallus su aces – , bo h wi h simila mo phology. Seaweeds we e sampled wice: No em-
be 2011 (e up i e phase wi h a pH d op o ca. 1.22 uni s ela i e o s anda d condi ions) and Ma ch
2012 (pos -e up i e phase wi h a pH o ca. 8.23), on wo in e idal loca ions adjacen o he e up ion
and a a con ol loca ion. P. pa onica showed decalci ica ion and loss o pho o-p o ec i e compounds
and an ioxidan ac i i y a loca ions a ec ed by he e up ion, beha ing as a sun-adap ed species du ing
lowe ed pH condi ions. A he same ime, L. a iega a su e ed a dec ease in pho o-p o ec i e com-
pounds and an ioxidan ac i i y du ing he olcanic e en , bu i s pho osyn he ic pe o mance emained
unal e ed. These esul s ein o ce he idea ha calca eous seaweeds, as a whole, a e mo e sensi i e han
non-calca eous seaweeds o al e hei pe o mance unde scena ios o educed pH.
Thu sday, June 12 h 87
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Special Session. 100 yea s o he Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa
TPEA P ojec : ma i ime spa ial planning in he Gul o Cadiz
G´
omez Balles e os, M.1, Tello, O.1, De A mas, D.1, P ado, I.1, To es, M.2and TPEA Wo king
G oup
1Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa / C/. Co az´
on de Ma ´
ıa, 8, 28020 Mad id
2Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa /Muelle de Le an e (Pue o Pesque o) Apdo. 2609 11006 C´
adiz
Abs ac
Ma i ime Spa ial Planning (MSP) is coming o p ominence as a new app oach o he go e nance o he
seas and oceans. I is aking on in e na ional impo ance as ma i ime na ions exe g ea e con ol o e
hei e i o ial wa e s and, in many cases, o e much mo e ex ensi e exclusi e economic zones (Jay,
2010; Schae e & Ba ale, 2011). This is in he in e es s o e e sing he en i onmen al deg ada ion
o he seas and acili a ing he sus ainable use o ma ine esou ces, bo h o adi ional uses, such as
ishing and na iga ion, and newe uses, such as enewable ene gy and ma icul u e (Dou e e, 2008).
MSP is being encou aged wo ldwide by in e -go e nmen al bodies, NGOs, s akeholde o ganisa ions
and ma ine scien is s and manage s (Aga dy, 2010; De San o, 2011; HELCOM & OSPAR, 2003), and a
g owing numbe o na ions a e d awing up spa ial plans o egula e he use o hei ma ine e i o ies, in
a way analogous o land-use planning.
In encou aging c oss-bo de coope a ion, ega d mus he e o e be had o he di e en na ional ame-
wo ks ha a e de eloping, and means o inding ag eed solu ions o c oss-bo de issues mus be de-
eloped. MSP in a ansbounda y con ex mus he e o e be no jus a echnical exe cise o alloca ing
ma ine space e icien ly o di e en uses, bu also a delibe a i e p ocess o unde s anding he a ious ap-
p oaches a wo k, engaging wi h he conce ns o he go e nmen al and s akeholde bodies in ol ed, and
o acili a ing ins i u ional dialogue ac oss bo de s. This is he impo ance o c oss-bo de coope a ion
o ensu e consis ency o plans ac oss ma ine poli ical bounda ies, adminis a i e and na u al as well he
need o a oid con lic and c ea e ansbounda y syne gies.
In his con ex , he T ansbounda y Planning in he Eu opean A lan ic (TPEA) p ojec is de eloped as
esponse o he Eu opean Commission (DG Ma e’s) call o a P ojec on Ma i ime Spa ial Planning in
he A lan ic, including Cel ic Sea and Bay o Biscay, in o de o e lec he aim o he p ojec , which is
o deli e a commonly-ag eed app oach o c oss-bo de MSP in he Eu opean A lan ic egion. This ap-
p oach will be ialled in wo dis inc geog aphical and poli ical con ex s, linked by hei sha ed egional
iden i y, and will p o ide de ailed ecommenda ions and guidelines o he e alua ion o c oss-bo de
MSP. This p ojec seeks o emb ace he di e si y o eali ies ac oss he egion, and de elop he imple-
men a ion o ansbounda y MSP in wo dis inc , bu ela ed con ex s: a sou he n ocus (Po ugal-Spain),
whe e MSP expe ience is al eady gaining g ound and a consensus is eme ging o c oss-bo de solu ions;
and a no he n ocus (I eland-UK) whe e mo e policy-cen ed adi ions o planning a e poin ing in he
di ec ion o b oade , and less p esc ip i e, MSP ou comes (see map, below). By cap u ing his ange o
app oaches, he p ojec will a icula e he po en ial o ansbounda y MSP wi hin he Eu opean A lan ic
as a whole and demons a e op ions o c oss-bo de ini ia i es elsewhe e. Mo eo e , in ecognising he
a ying s ages o implemen a ion o MSP wi hin he egion, he p ojec espec s he au onomy o membe
s a es in conduc ing MSP o na ional wa e s and he non-binding na u e o planning ou comes esul ing
om he p ojec . In he sou he n con ex he Gul o Cadiz is he p oposed and analyzed pilo a ea, om
he en i onmen al, economic and social axis, aking in o accoun he geog aphical cha ac e is ics, human
p essu es, p io i ies policies and adi ions planning uses.
Re e ences
Aga dy, T. (2010) Ocean Zoning, Ea hscan, London
88 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
De San o, E. (2011) En i onmen al jus ice implica ions o Ma i ime Spa ial Planning in he EU, Ma ine Policy 35, 34–38
Dou e e, F. (2008) The impo ance o ma ine spa ial planning in ad ancing ecosys em-based sea use managemen , Ma ine Policy 32 (5)
762– 771
HELCOM & OSPAR (2003) Towa ds an Ecosys em App oach o he Managemen o Human Ac i i ies, unpublished documen
Jay, S. (2010) Buil a Sea: Ma ine managemen and he cons uc ion o ma ine spa ial planning, Town Planning Re iew, 81 (2), 173-191
Schae e , N. & Ba ale, V. (2011) MSP: oppo uni ies & challenges in he amewo k o he EU in eg a ed ma i ime policy, Jou nal o
Coas al Conse a ion, 15, 237–245
Thu sday, June 12 h 89
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
P esen knowledge and pe spec i es in he pa ala al cul u e o Oc opus ulga is
E. Almansa1, D. Ga ido1, M.V. Ma ´
ın1, J.R. Cejas1, C. Rod ´
ıguez2, S. Je ez1.
1Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa. Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Cana ias, V´
ıa Espald´
on, D´
a sena Pes-
que a, Pa cela nº 8, 38180 San a C uz de Tene i e
2Dp o. Biolog´
ıa Animal, Uni e sidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, San a C uz de Tene i e
Abs ac
The common oc opus is one o he species wi h g ea es in e es o ma ine aquacul u e, gi en i s apid
g ow h and good adap a ion o cap i i y, among o he a o able cha ac e is ics. Howe e , he high mo -
ali y o pa ala ae ep esen s he main obs acle o he de elopmen o la ge-scale cul u e. Unlike
ben hic adul s, new ha chling pa ala ae a e pelagic. This phase o he cycle usually las s abou wo
mon hs, a he end o which begins o acqui e ben hic li e habi s, de eloping ypical adul mo phology
and beha io . Howe e , unde cul u e condi ions he mo ali y is 100% in mos s udies. Nu i ional
de iciencies seem o be one o he main causes o hese esul s. Howe e , o he ac o s should no be
igno ed. One o he i s aspec s o conside is he a iabili y o he spawning quali y, which seems o
be caused by ac o s such as geog aphical a ea, size, emale eed and incuba ion empe a u e. O he
impo an aspec s a e he ea ing condi ions.
In ela ion o eeding and nu i ion, he bes esul s we e achie ed by eeding pa ala ae wi h decapod
zoeae which a e hei main p ey in na u e. Howe e , he use o hese zoeae is no economically iable and
cu en esea ch ocuses on A emia en ichmen wi h phy oplank on o ma ine phospholipid gi e poo e
esul s han hose ob ained wi h decapod zoeae. Recen s udies in OCTOPHYS p ojec (MICIIN.AGL-
2010-22120-C03) showed ha oc opus has li le o no capaci y o syn hesis o highly polyunsa u a ed
a y acids, sugges ing an impo an equi emen o hese a y acids in he die . Rega ding p o eins, p e-
ious s udies sugges ed ha he main equi emen s in his aspec may be co e ed by A emia, al hough
mo e s udies a e needed. Ano he impo an nu ien is coppe , which is an essen ial componen o hei
espi a o y pigmen s, showing lowe con en s in he A emia han in decapod zoeae. I mus be also
highligh ed ha he equi emen s o mos i amins ha e no been ye add essed (excep o i amin A
and E). Finally, and conce ning he use o ine die s, he e a e many issues o be esol ed ela ed o he
composi ion and he encapsula ion ype.
An impo an limi a ion is he lack o bioma ke s o de ec and quan i y he wel a e and nu i ional
condi ion o pa ala ae and he e is li le in o ma ion on pa hology, immune esponse and he s ess
condi ion. Se e al po en ial bioma ke s such as diges i e enzymes eac i e oxygen species (ROS), hea
shock p o eins and RNA/DNA a io ha e been es ed. Massi e da a analysis (genomics, p o eomics and
ansc ip omic) ha e been conduc ed in o de o imp o e ou knowledge o his species. In his ega d,
all issues ela ed wi h expe imen al esea ch on cephalopods ha e ecen ly been egula ed by a Eu opean
Di ec i e on animal wel a e (Di ec i e 2010/63/EU).
In conclusion, he plank onic li es yle and high g ow h a e o he pa ala ae esul in e y high ene ge ic
and s uc u al demands. Fu he mo e, pa ala al die should ake in o accoun no only he nu i ional e-
que imen s bu also diges ion, abso p ion and me abolism physiology o he pa ala ae. O he impo an
ac o s o imp o e he pa ala al cul u e a e he en i onmen al condi ions, beha io al and physiological
changes associa ed wi h he pa ala al de elopmen and di e ences in he spawning quali y.
96 Thu sday, June 12 h

O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Iden i ica ion o indica o s sui able o be applied o he coas al en i onmen al assessmen in he
Cana y Islands. OMARCOST P ojec
Gus a o Gonz´
alez-Lo enzo, Sonsoles Gonz´
alez, Sebas i´
an Jim´
enez, Jos´
e F. Gonz´
alez, Ca los L.
He n´
andez, Pablo Ma ´
ın-Sosa, Ol ido Tello, Jaime Rod ´
ıguez, C is ina Boza, Au o a Ba olom´
e,
Yulima Gonz´
alez, E ika L. Gonz´
alez, Deme io De A mas and M.T.G. San ama ´
ıa.
Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa
Abs ac
The iden i ica ion o indica o s ha will be app op ia e o he en i onmen al e alua ion o he coas line
in he Cana y Islands is an ac ion esea ch amed in he ac i i ies o he P ojec “S a egy o he En-
i onmen al Sus ainabili y o he Li o al Bo de ” (OMARCOST), unded by he Eu opean Ope a ional
P og amme “Spain-Ex e nal Bo de s C oss-Bo de Coope a ion P og amme” (POCTEFEX). The gen-
e al aim o he p ojec migh be de ined as he impulse o he en i onmen al sus ainabili y o he coas al
zones, by means o bo h he managemen and in eg a ed de elopmen o he coas al sys em, as well as
he g ow h o e i alizing sec o s. By using a mul isys emic app oach and mul ic i e ia ecosys em analy-
sis we will y o s udy and ha monize he socioeconomic de elopmen and he economical g ow h wi h
he conse a ion o he ecosys ems and he sus ainabili y o he coas al esou ces. Al hough he model
used in his p ojec in eg a es he en i onmen al, social and economical aspec s, his p esen a ion will be
ocus only in he en i onmen al ea u es.
The i s app oach was o selec he app op ia e ools o analyze he s a e-o - he-a o he Cana y Islands
coas al sho eline, in a p ocess o adap he Guidelines con ained in he Eu opean F amewo k Di ec i e
o Ma ine S a egy o he egional con ex o he islands. In his sense, he ini ial e alua ion o he en-
i onmen al s a us o he Cana ian coas line made in compliance wi h such legisla ion, de ec ed lagoons
o in o ma ion and he e o e, needs o mo e ad anced s udies. The e o e, we ha e ied o be homoge-
neous in he selec ion o indica o s unde his global app oach, and a he same ime o no malize and
s anda dize he used me hodology o mi iga e hese de iciencies, p oducing adequa e in o ma ion o he
design o manda o y moni o ing plans a his cu en s a e o de elopmen o his Eu opean di ec i e.
The c i e ia used in he selec ion o he en i onmen al indica o s we e o be p e e ably quan i a i e and
ease o measu e, o ha e an spa ial and empo al dimension as well as o ha e capaci y o esponse o
a ia ions o any kind ha may be e lec ed in en i onmen al changes. In addi ion, hose ha can be
implemen ed in geog aphic in o ma ion sys ems we e p io i ized, as hey can be u he compa ed o
o he kind o indica o s (e.g. hose o socioeconomic o igin) in u u e mul ic i e ia analysis o in he
design o managemen plans.
The in o ma ion needed o de elop his wo k has been ob ained h ough esea ch su eys, bo h in he
in e idal and sub idal zones, h ough he use o di ing echniques and he emba kmen o obse e s
on essels o he local a isanal ishing lee o El Hie o and Fue e en u a islands. These wo islands
ep esen he wo ex emes o bounda ies o he longi udinal geog aphical g adien exis ing in he Cana y
Islands ma ine en i onmen .
Based on hei conse a ion s a us o i s ecological impo ance, bo h species and habi a s as well as
coas al communi ies ha e been s udied o be used in u u e moni o ing plans: examples a e endange ed
species such as he ue limpe Pa ella candei (lapa majo e a) and he b own spiny lobs e (Panuli us
echina us, langos a he e˜
na) o s uc u ing species such as he seag ass Cymodosea nodosa and he b own
algae Cys osei a abies-ma ina. Besides, an h opogenic p essu es such ma ine deb is accumula ion o
coas al ishing ac i i y we e also s udied.
Thu sday, June 12 h 97
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
All hese ac ions will be e y use ul in a close u u e as hey will allow he s udy o he use ulness
and eliabili y o he selec ed indica o s and he e o e, o c ea e an ini ial da abase o be used in he
de elopmen o moni o ing plans o coas al ma ine ecosys em e alua ion.
98 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
Ma king Oc opus ulga is beaks: age alida ion and li e-e en eco ding
C. Pe ales-Raya1, E. Almansa1, A. Ba olom´
e1, B.C. Felipe1, J. Iglesias2, F.J. S´
anchez2, J.F. Ca asco3
and C. Rod ´
ıguez3.
1Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa (Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Cana ias). V´
ıa Espald´
on, D´
a sena Pes-
que a Pa cela 8, 38180, San a C uz de Tene i e, Spain
2Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa (Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Vigo). Subida a Radio Fa o nº 50, 36390
Vigo, Spain
3Cen o de Expe imen aci´
on Pesque a. Conseje ´
ıa de Ag oganade ´
ıa y Recu sos Au ´
oc onos. A da.
P ´
ıncipe de As u ias, s/n, 33213, Gij´
on, Spain
Abs ac
As wi h o he ha es ed species, sus ainable managemen o he common oc opus es s on an unde -
s anding o li e his o y and modelling o he dynamics o wild popula ions, which in u n es on age
de e mina ion and knowledge o g ow h pa e ns. This s udy aims o alida e he daily deposi ion o
inc emen s in Oc opus ulga is beaks ac oss ull on ogene ic ange o bo h, he la e al wall su aces
(LWS) and he os um sagi al sec ions (RSS). The exploi ed size ange was alida ed by chemical and
en i onmen al ma kings induced in wild adul s kep in cap i i y. Mo eo e , despi e he high mo ali y
a es obse ed in O. ulga is pa ala al cul u e some echniques ha e been success ul in ea ing pa -
ala ae. They p o ided us wi h known-age pa ala ae, ju eniles and adul s ha ched unde labo a o y
condi ions, o a s udy aimed a con i ming, o he i s ime, absolu e ages in ha d s uc u es o O. ul-
ga is. Fo y-nine ma ked wild animals kep in he aqua ia (weigh ange o 158-3521 g) and 24 ea ed
indi iduals o known-age (pa ala ae o 0-98 days old and adul s o 200-734 days old) we e s udied,
encompassing o he i s ime he ull age ange o he species including known-age indi iduals olde
han one mon h. The daily deposi ion o beak inc emen s was alida ed in he LWS by injec ion o
Calco luo , and in he RSS by en i onmen al ma king ( he mal, con inemen , cap u e and s ess o he
chemical ma king p ocess).
A o al o 111 success ul alida ions, whe e beak inc emen s p ecisely co esponded o days elapsed,
we e achie ed. The maximum alida ed pe iods we e 57 days in LWS and 112 days in RSS. Du ing
he pelagic s ages and he ansi ion o he se lemen , a new pa e n o mic o-inc emen s ha eco d
age has been demons a ed in he la e al hood su aces (LHS) o uppe jaws, whe e s ess checks we e
obse ed. This could be c ucial o unde s anding he causes o he low su i al a e o he common
oc opus in cap i i y and he easons p e en ing he se lemen s age. In he ben hic s age, ip e osion
in beak RSS esul s in some unde es ima ion o age, howe e RSS shows clea checks as a esponse o
s ess ul condi ions. I may p o e use ul in u u e esea ch o asce ain he e ec s o en i onmen and
o he po en ially s ess ul ac o s du ing he li e cycle o bo h wild and ea ed oc opuses. Fu he mo e,
as beaks a e p esen in all exis ing cephalopod species, hey may be sui able o de e mining hei age
and li e e en s.
Thu sday, June 12 h 99
IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences O al Comunica ions
Fi s s eps owa ds de eloping an open access so wa e designed o he ecogni ion o daily mi-
c os uc u es used in ageing ish
Na as, E.1, Rey, J.2, Clemen e, C.1, Ga c´
ıa, A.2, O e o, P.1and Pi˜
nei o. C.3
1Escuela T´
ecnica Supe io De Ingenie os Malaga (ETSI). Uni e sidad de M´
alaga. SPAIN
2I.E.O. (C.O. M´
alaga) 29640 M´
alaga. SPAIN
3I.E.O. (C.O. Vigo) 36200 Vigo. SPAIN
Abs ac
Ageing me hods o mos o he exploi ed ish species a e no alida ed, and consequen ly age da a
se ies o en ha e impo an gaps and unce ain y mani es ing i s consequences on age-based ishe ies
assessmen .
Amongs he mos ecognizable o oli h mic os uc u es a e hose co esponding o daily g ow h inc e-
men s p oducing eliable es ima es o la al and ju enile g ow h in an ample numbe o ish species.
F om he empo al pe spec i e, o oli hs a e he only calci ied s uc u es ha show g ow h ma ks a wo
di e en scales, he seasonal and daily ma kings. Seasonal ings o o oli h mac os uc u e is mos ly used
o age ju enile and adul indi iduals while mic os uc u e is ypically used in la ae, because he DGI
in adul o oli hs a e oo nume ous and cumbe some o coun . None heless, in se e al hake species DGI
ha e been coun ed and measu ed in ju eniles by in e p e a ing daily inc emen s h ough hin ans e sal
sec ions o he o oli h (50-100 µ). Since hese sec ions can only be ob ained a e a p ocess o o oli h
esin embedding, sec ion p ecision cu ing and inal polishing, he main handicap lacking oday is he
app op ia e digi al ool o coun ing and measu ing o oli h DGI wid hs.
In his communica ion, he esea ch mul idisciplina y eam o esea che s om he esea ch ields o
ishe ies and enginee ing plans o de elop a new ool designed o add e iciency in he weigh y ask o
es ima ing he age o ishes based on DGI analysis. The echnique is based on new compu e algo i hms
ha in e p e DGI pa e ns, whe he i be in a semi-au oma ic way o in such a manne ha o oli h eade s
a e allowed o in e ac wi h he sys em o un au oma ically when he echnique inds de e mined ypes
o o oli h s uc u al pa e ns conside ed consis en and eliable. The echnique, when egis e ed, will be
made a ailable eely o he in e na ional scien i ic communi y in he open access mode. Al hough some
image analysis so wa e is a ailable in he ma ke nowadays, including some cen e ed in o oli h image
p ocessing, hey all show a leas wo main es ic ions: hey do no manage ‘li e’ images which allow
o speci ically ocus de e mined mic os uc u es a g ea magni ica ion, and mo eo e , he high cos s o
he so wa e. We p esen he e he i s esul s on he de elopmen o his o hcoming so wa e which is
expec ed o esol e he be o e men ioned limi a ions.
La al and adul o oli hs measu e om some hund ed µm o se e al mm, espec i ely, while DGI wid hs
luc ua es om sligh ly less han 1 µm inc emen s close o he nucleus in la al o oli hs o mo e han 15
µm in ju eniles and adul s. In o de o disc imina e DGI, ligh mic oscope magni ica ion a ies om
x1000 in la ae o x200 in ju eniles and adul s. As a consequence, mos o he imes he whole o oli h
o sec ion canno be ep esen ed on a single image and hus, se e al images a e needed o cons uc a
sole image o ge he ision o he o al o oli h size ha can be measu ed whe e mos DGI coun s can
be included. In hese cases, he image se ies should be iled as a pano amic iew o mosaic, whe e each
sec ion supe poses wi h adjacen ones. The i s s ep in he so wa e de elopmen has been a supe posing
ou ine, iden i ying au oma ically common a eas be ween adjacen images. Once a single high quali y
image is se by o oli h a an accep able magni ica ion some a angemen s on con as , b igh ness, e c.
can be implemen ed when desi ed. The nex s age is he con olled o semi-au oma ic coun ing o DGI
along a g ow h ajec o y. Expe eade s pa icula in e p e a ions could be ma ched o hose made au-
oma ically and e en ually adjus he so wa e eading s anda ds. Finally, DGI coun s and measu emen
da a a e eco ded and also expo ed o wo k iles, whe e u he analysis could be pe o med.
100 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions IV In e na ional Symposium o Ma ine Sciences
As soon as ha ing eady an app op ia e and a o dable ool o coun and measu e daily g ow h inc e-
men s in an au oma ic o semi-au oma ic way, o oli h mic os uc u e analysis can ha e a eliable age
es ima ion me hod ha can be ex ended and applicable o age adul ish. Al hough, in i s p esen o m
he echnique is ocused in o oli h mic os uc u e analysis, u he de elopmen s o he ini ia ed so wa e
de elopmen in ends o ex end i s applica ion o o he calci ied s uc u es, namely bi al e shells and
cephalopod peaks.
Thu sday, June 12 h 101

XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
Ma ine Eco oxicology and Pollu ion
A mul i bioma ke app oach o he assessmen o he physiological condi ion o Solea sp popula-
ions in NW Medi e anean ishing
M. Sol´
e1, M. Bl´
azquez1, R. Sisca 2, A. To eblanca2, J. Pe usa2, L. To 3, L. Be di´
e4, V. Pique 5,
E. Ma˜
nan´
os5, I. Va ´
o5
1Ins i u o de Ciencias de Ma (ICM-CSIC)
2Depa amen o Biolog´
ıa Funcional y An opolog´
ıa F´
ısica. Uni e si a de Val`
encia.
3Depa men o Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Uni e si a Au onoma de Ba celona
4Uni a de C oma og a ia de Gasos-Espec ome ia de Masses Aplicada. Cen es Cien ´
ı ics i Tecnol`
ogics
(CCiTUB)
5Ins i u o de aquicul u a To e la Sal (IATS-CSIC)
Abs ac
The use o bioma ke s comp ising se e al le els o biological o ganiza ion (biochemical, immune, his-
ological and physiological) as indica o s o exposu e and/o e ec o en i onmen al pollu an s, allows
o a e y comp ehensi e unde s anding o al e a ions ha migh comp omise essen ial physiological
p ocesses. This mul ibioma ke app oach was applied o a ben hic ish species o g ea comme cial in-
e es . The sampling o sole, Solea solea and Solea senegalensis was ca ied ou using a isanal ishing
echniques wi h he collabo a ion o local ishe man. Immedia ely a e ishing, biological ai s such
as o al leng h and weigh we e eco ded o he de e mina ion o hei condi ion ac o . Blood was
aken igh a e cap u e and he ish immedia ely sac i iced and dissec ed. Tissues and o gans including
b ain, muscle, gills, li e , kidney, gonad and bile we e snap ozen in liquid ni ogen o u he bio-
chemical analyses. In addi ion, po ions o li e and gonads we e p ese ed in Bouin-hollande ixa i e
o his ological analysis. Li e and gonad weigh we e also eco ded o hepa osoma ic and gonadoso-
ma ic index calcula ions. The comp ehensi e se o bioma ke s included: i ellogenin (VTG) and sex
s e oid plasma le els, immune ma ke s and cell coun s, me allo hionein con en , ac i i ies o he en-
zymes ace ylcholines e ase (AChE), lac a e dehyd ogenase, ca boxyles e ase, glu a hione S- ans e ase,
e hoxy eso u in O-dee hylasa (EROD), an ioxidan s such as ca alase, glu a hione pe oxidase, glu a hione
educ ase and lipid pe oxida ion (LP) le els in se e al a ge issues/o gans. Se en sampling si es along
he No he n Wes e n Medi e anean coas om Cos a B a a o Eb e Del a we e s udied. The si es we e
selec ed acco ding o he possible p esence o o ganic con aminan s and me als since some o hem could
be end poin s o un o s om local discha ges.
O he selec ed species and loca ions, he mos signi ican di e ences in bioma ke esponses we e asso-
cia ed o S. senegalensis sampled a he mos dis an loca ions: Cos a B a a and Ga a as i was e lec ed
in he p incipal componen s analysis plo conside ing mos bioma ke s in ol ed in xenobio ic’s de oxi i-
ca ion in li e and gill (e.g. EROD ac i i y). The indica o o oxida i e s ess damage (LP) in muscle also
e lec ed si e di e ences o S. senegalensis. Me allo hionein as indica i e o me al exposu e was ela ed
o oxic me als (e.g. Hg, Cu and Cd) in kidney in bo h species, bu no signs o neu o oxici y, measu ed
as AChE inhibi ion in b ain, we e de ec ed. No indica ion o endoc ine dis up ion was e idenced as
plasma ic VTG was absen in males and sex ho mone le els a ied acco dingly o he ma u i y s a us o
he gonads. Lack o signi ican physiological al e a ions was in line wi h low le els o o ganic pollu an s
p esen in sedimen and also wi h le els in sedimen and bile o he endoc ine dis up o nonylphenol,
all being p esen a le els lowe han hose epo ed o cause biological dis u bances. Only o ema k
some immune al e a ions in ish om speci ic si es, such as a concomi an cell coun s supp ession and
102 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
an ele a ed oxida i e s ess esponse, ha could no be associa ed o any pa icula chemical exposu e.
The s udy also highligh s he impo ance o biological ai s such as sex, de elopmen al s a us and ish
size in he bioma ke esponses and con i med an o e all good physiological condi ion o sole ish in
adi ional ishing g ounds, in si es whe e pollu ion g adien s a e small.
Acknowlegemen s: CTM2010-16611.
Thu sday, June 12 h 103
XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina O al Comunica ions
Passi e sample s and bioma ke s o assess me al labile concen a ions and he associa ed biological
e ec s: case s udies in he
N Mon e o1, M Baud imon 2, P Gonz´
alez2, P-Y Gou es2, MJ Belzunce-Sega a1
1Ma ine Resea ch Di ision, AZTI-Tecnalia. He e a kaia, Po ualdea z/g 20110 Pasajes, Spain
2Ma ine S a ion o A cachon, Uni e si y o Bo deaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aqua ic Eco oxicology.
Place du D Peyneau, 33120 A cachon, F ance
Abs ac
The Eu opean Wa e F amewo k Di ec i e (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and he Ma ine S a egy F amewo k
Di ec i e (MSFD; 2008/56/EC) e e o con aminan s bioa ailabili y and eco oxicological e ec s. How-
e e , cu en me hods o measu e bioa ailabili y su e om many inadequacies ha can lead o inco ec
assessmen decisions. This issue has esul ed in g ea e demand o in si u es ing app oaches. The pas-
si e sample Di usi e G adien in Thin- ilms (DGT) enables he in si u measu emen o labile me al
concen a ions in wa e s (1), which is a be e p oxy o po en ial biological ad e se e ec s han he ou-
inely measu ed dissol ed me al concen a ions (2). On he o he hand, he use o bi al es is widely
ex ended because me als accumula ed in hei issues e lec en i onmen al concen a ions (3) and he
associa ed biochemical and physiological al e a ions (i.e. bioma ke s) can be used as ea ly indica o s o
he e ec s o he chemical compounds on he bio a (4).
In his s udy, he use o DGTs is combined wi h bioaccumula ion and bioma ke s udies in ansplan ed
oys e s (C assos ea gigas) in es ua ine and po wa e s loca ed in he Basque-F ench coas . The objec i e
is o es ablish cause-e ec ela ionships be ween labile me al concen a ions and biological e ec s o
an in eg a ed e alua ion o he ecosys em heal h.
Me al analyses (Al, Cd, Co, C , Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) o DGTs and oys e issues we e pe o med
by ICP-MS and ICP-OES, espec i ely. The me cu y accumula ed in DGTs and in oys e issues was
measu ed by CV-AAS (AMA 254). The oxicological esponses we e s udied a h ee le els: physiolog-
ical impac s (g ow h, s a e o ep oduc ion and he condi ion index o oys e s), biochemical esponses
(me allo hioneins (MTs) concen a ions: de oxi ica ion p o eins sca enging me als ; malondialdehyde
(MDA) p oduc ion: inal p oduc o lipid pe oxyda ion), and ansc ip omic esponses (by Quan i a i e
PCR: o quan i y he exp ession o se e al genes implied in di e en cellula unc ions, such as de oxi-
ica ion (iso o ms o MTs: m 1, m 2, mul ixenobio ic esis ance p o ein:mx , glu a hione-s- ans e ase:
gs ), mi ochond ial me abolism (subuni 1 o he cy och ome c oxydase: cox1, ibosomal gene 12S),
oxida i e s ess (mi ochond ial supe oxide dismu ase: sodm , cy oplasmic supe oxide dismu ase sod,
glu a hione pe oxydase: gpx)). Th ee o gans we e s udied: gills, diges i e gland and he es o issues.
Di e ences in con amina ion in bo h a eas o s udy we e de ec ed by means o DGTs, which is in ac-
co dance wi h he di e en con amina ion sou ces p esen a each si e. Also, di e en bioaccumula ion
pa e ns in oys e s and speci ic oxic esponses a di e en le els we e obse ed. The esul s show highe
concen a ions o Pb, Zn, Al, Hg and Co in po wa e s which a e ela ed wi h highe bioaccumula ion
in he oys e s’ gills. The p o ein and gene ic esponses also show la ge al e a ion in oys e s exposed o
he po wa e s. The cause-e ec ela ionships be ween me al concen a ions in DGTs and he e ec s in
oys e s we e also es ablished.
In summa y, he in eg a ion o chemical and biological ools allowed a comp ehensible wa e quali y
assessmen o hese complex sys ems. Besides, he s udy demons a es ha he DGT echnique p o ides
excellen in o ma ion on he bioa ailabili y and po en ial oxici y o me als.
Re e ences
1. Da ison, W., Zhang, H., 1994. In si u specia ion measu emen s o ace componen s in na u al wa e s using hin- ilm gels. Na u e
104 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions XVII Semina io Ib´
e ico de Qu´
ımica Ma ina
367:546-548.
2. Meye , J.S., 2002. The u ili y o he e ms ‘bioa ailabili y’ and ‘bioa ailable ac ion’ o me als. Ma . En i on. Res. 53:417-423.
3. Baud imon , M., Sch¨
a e , J., Ma ie, V., Mau y-B ache , R., Bossy, C., Boudou, A., Blanc, G., 2005. Geochemical su ey and me al
bioaccumula ion o h ee bi al e species (C assos ea gigas, Ce as ode ma edule and Rudi apes philipina um) in he No d M´
edoc sal
ma shes (Gi onde es ua y, F ance). Sci. To al En i on 337:265-280.
4. McCa hy, F., Shuga , L.R., 1990. Bioma ke s o en i onmen al con amina ion. Lewis Pub., Chelsea USA
Thu sday, June 12 h 105
In i ed alks
Phenolic p o ile o mic oalgae g owing unde coppe s ess
Milag os Rico, A oa L´
opez, Magdalena San ana-Casiano, A idane G. Gonz´
alez, Melcho Gonz´
alez-
D´
a ila
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica. Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma . Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia
Abs ac
Plank onic algae a e an impo an componen o na u al su ace wa e s. They can egula e he specia ion
and bioa ailabili y o ace me als h ough he p oduc ion and elease o o ganic ligands. These o ganic
ligands bind mo e han 99% o he o al i on and coppe in na u al wa e s.
Phenolic compounds a e na u al p oduc s in ol ed in esponses o di e en kinds o bio ic and abio ic
s esses. The e is conside able e idence wi h espec o he implica ions o phenolic compounds in plan s
g owing in condi ions o me al de iciency and s ess. Plan s accumula e ele a ed amoun s o phenolic
compounds o p o ec ion and eco e y om hea y me al inju y. The main chemical p ocess whe e
polyphenols a e in ol ed is in he sca enging o Reac i e Oxygen Species (ROS). Howe e , ew epo s
ha e ocused on he iden i ica ion and quan i ica ion o polyphenols in mic oalgae. De e mining how
polyphenol concen a ions change in esponse o high me al le els will demons a e he ole o hese
compounds in mic oalgae and migh be use ul o help explain he dynamics o his impo an class o
compounds in seawa e .
The phenolic p o ile o exuda es and ex ac s o ma ine mic oalgae Phaedac ylum ico nu um and
Dunaliella e iolec a ha es ed in na u al seawa e in he p esence and absence o Cu addi ions was
s udied, a me al le els o en i onmen al ele ance. The expe imen al indings show changes in he
concen a ions and ypes o polyphenols as a unc ion o he me al concen a ion. The mos ele an
esul s show he ollowing: 1) he di e ences be ween P. ico nu um and D. e iolec a owing o hei
di e en sensi i i ies o me al s ess; 2) he g ea inc ease in phenolic compounds a he highes coppe
concen a ion, which may e lec he in ol emen o hese compounds in p o ec ion agains condi ions
o coppe oxici y; and 3) he phy omedicinal po en ial o mic oalgae is unde lined by he an ioxidan
ac i i y o ex ac s and high con en s o phenolic compounds. These mic oalgae may be exploi ed o
he p oduc ion o heal h oods and as an an ioxidan ca ie in he ood and pha maceu ical indus ies.
112 Wednesday, June 11 h

In i ed alks
In i o inhibi ion by o ganophospho us compounds o gil head seab eam (spa us au a a) muscle
cholines e ases and heo e ical app oach o he enzyme-inhibi o in e ac ions
Valima˜
na T a e so, J.M., So o Mance a, F., Albend´
ın Ga c´
ıa, M.G., M´
anuel Vez, M.P., A ellano
L´
opez, J.M., A u e Ma ´
ınez, M.I.
G upo de Toxicolog´
ıa Ambien al y Anal´
ı ica, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma y Ambien ales, Uni e sidad
de C´
adiz, Pue o Real (C´
adiz).
Abs ac
O ganophospho us pes icides (OPs) cause a long- e m inhibi ion o ace ylcholines e ase (AChE) by
phospho yla ing a se ine hyd oxy g oup a i s ac i e si e. This causes accumula ion o he enzyme a
synap ic cle and esul s in o e s imula ion o choline gic pa hways and subsequen ly neu o oxic e ec s.
Ace ylcholines e ase inhibi ion has been widely used as bioma ke o OP and ca bama e (CB) pes icide
exposu e, e en hough he knowledge o AChE-OP in e ac ions is s ill sca ce in ma ine species. Bu y yl-
cholines e ase (BChE) is ano he so o cholines e ase whose biological unc ion is no well-known, bu
i has been epo ed ha his enzyme shows a highe a ini y o OPs han AChE, he e o e, BChE could
ha e a p o ec i e ole agains AChE inhibi ion. Se e al echniques ha use o ganisms as bioindica o s
ha e been de eloped because o he ac ha OP insec icides a e also oxic o non a ge species includ-
ing ish. The in i o s udies include he de e mina ion o pes icide concen a ion (o ac i e me aboli e)
ha inhibi s he enzyme by 50%, i.e., IC50. In o de o compa e he in i o sensi i i y o he gil head
seab eam muscle AChE and BChE o inhibi ion by se e al OPs eni o hion and pa a hion phospho-
o hioa es and he co esponding phospha es eni o hion-oxon and pa aoxon, biochemical s udies we e
unde aken, i.e., cha ac e iza ion s udies using speci ic inhibi o s (Ese ine, BW284c51 and iso-OMPA)
and IC50 de e mina ion o OP compounds, which could be use ul o p o ide basal in o ma ion o
en i onmen al moni o ing in coas al and ma ine a eas. Se e al ac o s, i.e., s e ic e ec s, solubili y,
elec onic densi y and bond leng h, ha e been compa ed among he OPs s udied in he p esen wo k, in
o de ha i could be possible o explain in a heo e ical app oach he expe imen al esul s o he enzyme-
inhibi o in e ac ions. Enzyma ic ac i i y measu ed in gil head seab eam muscle was mainly owing o
cholines e ases and no o o he ype o es e ases. AChE ac i i y was ound o be highe han BChE
ac i i y in S. au a a muscle. Acco ding o he esul s, inhibi o y po ency o eni o hion was highe han
inhibi o y po ency o pa a hion, and he same esul was obse ed when he phospha es co esponding
o hese compounds we e assayed. Fu he mo e, hese oxonphospha es we e mo e powe ul inhibi o s
han he phospho o hioa es s udied. The conclusions o he analysis o he a o emen ioned ac o s we e
consis en wi h he expe imen al esul s.
Wednesday, June 11 h 113
In i ed alks
Biogeochemical P ocesses
The na u al ocean acidi ica ion and e iliza ion e en caused by he subma ine e up ion o El
Hie o
J. M. San ana-Casiano1, M. Gonz´
alez-D´
a ila1, E. F aile-Nuez2, D. de A mas2
1IOCAG-G upo QUIMA. Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ias. 35017 Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia. Spain
2Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa. Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Cana ias. San a C uz de Tene i e. Spain
Abs ac
The shallow subma ine e up ion which ook place in Oc obe 10 h 2011, 1.8 km sou h o he island o
El Hie o (Cana y Islands) allowed he s udy o he ab up changes in he physical-chemical p ope ies
o seawa e caused by olcanic discha ges. In o de o moni o he e olu ion o hese changes, se en
oceanog aphic su eys we e ca ied ou o e six mon hs (No embe 2011-Ap il 2012) om he begin-
ning o he e up i e s age o he pos -e up i e phase. The pH in o al scale a 25ºC (pHT), o al dissol ed
ino ganic ca bon (CT), and o al alkalini y (AT), we e measu ed oge he wi h empe a u e, salini y, dis-
sol ed oxygen and o al sul u educed species. Nu ien s, e ous i on and pCO2we e also analysed on
mos o he c uises.
Impo an changes in he wa e column chemis y including la ge dec eases in pH, s iking e ec s on
he ca bona e sys em, dec eases in he oxygen concen a ions and en ichmen o Fe(II) and nu ien s
we e p oduced. As a esul o he ongoing magma ic ac i i y, he subma ine e up ion p oduced an
unp eceden ed episode o se e e acidi ica ion and e iliza ion.
The indings highligh ha he same olcano which was esponsible o he c ea ion o a highly co osi e
en i onmen , a ec ing ma ine bio a, has also p o ided he nu ien s equi ed o he apid ecupe a ion
o he ma ine ecosys em.
In Janua y 2013, he Spanish Go e nmen app o ed he p ojec VULCANO in o de o s udy he pos -
e up i e phase in he subma ine olcano o El Hie o. Th ee c uises we e planned (Ma ch and Oc obe
2013 and Ma ch 2014). Physical-chemical anomalies a e s ill being obse ed close o he olcano a ea.
Acknowledgemen s. This wo k was suppo ed by he Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, by he Eu o-
pean P ojec CARBOCHANGE-264879 and by he Spanish Minis e io de Economia y Compe i i idad,
h ough he ECOFEMA CTM2010-19517 and he VULCANO CTM2012-36317 p ojec s.
Re e ences
F aile-Nuez e al., 2013. The subma ine olcano e up ion a he island o El Hie o: physical-chemical pe u ba ion and biological esponse.
Scien i ic Repo s 2:486. San ana-Casiano e al., 2014. The na u al Ocean acidi ica ion and e iliza ion e en caused by he subma ine
e up ion o El Hie o. Scien i ic Repo s 3:1140.
114 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
Na u al en ichmen o coas al wa e s: he in luence o he geological basemen on ace me al
le els in he NW Ibe ian Peninsula
Juan San os-Echeand´
ıa1, Pa icia Be n´
a dez2, Miguel Cae ano3, Rica do P ego1
1Ma ine Biogeochemis y G oup, Ma ine Resea ch Ins i u e (CSIC), Edua do Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo,
Spain
2Ma ine Geosciences and Land Managemen Depa men , Uni e si y o Vigo, Vigo, Spain
3IPMA—Po uguese Ins i u e o Sea and A mosphe e, A . B as´
ılia, 1449-006Lisboa, Po ugal
Abs ac
The ocean ma gin is he c i ical land–ocean in e ace. A i s inne bounda y, coas al wa e s a e cha ac e -
ized by s eep physical and chemical g adien s al hough being highly dynamic o e sho ime-scales [1].
Se e al s udies ha e shown ha coas al wa e s con ain highe ace elemen concen a ions han open
ocean wa e s [2]. Na u al wea he ing p ocesses a basins o majo wo ldwide i e s ha e been poin ed as
majo supplie o dissol ed and pa icula e ma e ial o he ocean [3]. The en ichmen o coas al wa e s
in ace me als has been asc ibed o i e discha ges, a mosphe ic anspo , and an h opogenic sou ces.
Majo in e nal sou ces a e diagene ic exchanges o ace elemen s ac oss he wa e –sedimen in e ace
and upwelling o bo om wa e s. In addi ion, acciden al episodes o con amina ion may lead o punc-
ual enhancemen o ace-elemen concen a ions. Examples a e Aznalcolla mining spill [4], E ika and
P es ige oil spills [5]. The in ensi y and ex ension o hese con amina ing e en s could no be de e mined
i baseline concen a ions a e no p e iously es ablished.
The Wa e F amewo k Di ec i e aims o es ablish he ace me al maximum le els allowed in ansi ional
wa e s. I hese le els a e exceeded, ac ions should be implemen ed o educe concen a ions. Howe e ,
in some cases, he geological basemen i sel makes hese le els o inc ease “na u ally”.
The No he n Galician coas con ains he Cape O egal Ul ama ic Complex composed o ul abasic
ocks [6] en iched in ch omium (C ) and nickel (Ni) mine als [7]. The hypo hesis ha he wea he ing o
he geological basemen will inc ease C , and Ni dissol ed and pa icula e concen a ions in he adjacen
coas al wa e s was es ed in his no hwes e n a ea o he Ibe ian Peninsula.
Fou sampling c uises we e conduc ed in he es ua ine wa e s o he O iguei a and Ba quei o ias du ing
2008. In addi ion and du ing he same pe iods as o he es ua ies, he main i e s and sewage ea men
plan (STP) lowing in o hese wo ias we e sampled.
Once a he on-sho e lab, samples we e il e ed h ough a 0.2 µM polyp opylene po e- il e inside a
“clean” labo a o y o a oid con amina ion. Fil e s we e ozen and s o ed a -20°C un il pa icula e
me al analysis while il a es we e acidi ied o pH 2 (HCl, Sup apu ) o dissol ed me al analysis.
Dissol ed ace me al concen a ions in es ua ine wa e s we e de e mined by means o s ipping ol am-
me y a e UV diges ion o b eakdown he o ganic ma e . The simul aneous de e mina ion o cobal
(Co) and Ni was pe o med by Adso p i e Ca hodic S ipping Vol amme y [8]. In he case o coppe
(Cu), he me hod de eloped by [9] was used. Finally, C was analyzed wi h he me hod se up by [10].
The accu acy o he analy ical p ocedu e was assessed by he analysis o wo di e en ce i ied e e ence
ma e ials (CRMs) (CASS-4 and SLEW-3).
Fil e s we e mine alized and concen a ions o Co, C , Cu and Ni in he il e s, oge he wi h he dissol ed
ac ion in he i e s and STP we e de e mined using a quad upole ICP-MS (The mo Elemen al, X-
Se ies). The p ecision and accu acy o each me al concen a ion measu emen s we e de e mined h ough
epea ed analysis o CRMs (MESS2 and PACS2).
The alues o C and Ni bo h in he dissol ed and pa icula e ac ion a e highe in he i e s lowing
in o he O iguei a (7.4-10.6 nM C and Ni 74.8-180 nM) han in he Ba quei o Ria (0.1-1.43 nM C and
Wednesday, June 11 h 115
In i ed alks
Ni 11.7-25.5 nM). Howe e , in he case o Co alues a e highe in he i e ha lows in o he Ba quei o
Ria and in he O iguei a Sewage T ea men Plan . Finally, in he case o Cu, he alues a e simila in
he ibu a ies lowing o bo h ias.
Rega ding hei ma k in es ua ies, i seems ha he only e ec obse ed in he O iguei a wa e s espec
o Ba quei o is on he dissol ed Ni le els, especially a low ide, which gi es an idea o i s con inen al
o igin and non-ma ine. No majo di e ences in he Co and Cu concen a ions we e de ec ed, as expec ed
because hei le els a e simila and in he e luen s o bo h es ua ies.
The case o ch omium is cu ious because dissol ed le els a e simila in bo h es ua ies bu pa icula e
concen a ions a e highe in O iguei a. This may be explained by i s high a ini y o pa icles (high log
KD).
Al hough dissol ed and pa icula e me al le els a e no e y di e en be ween he wo es ua ies hey a e
ela i ely high compa ed wi h o he es ua ine o coas al wa e s o he Ibe ian Peninsula, mainly in he
case o Ni and C .
Re e ences
1. B aunga d , C., E.P. Ach e be g, M. Nimmo, 1998. On-line ol amme ic moni o ing o dissol ed Cu and Ni in he Gul o Cadiz,
sou h-wes Spain.Anal.Chim.Ac a.,377,205-215.
2. Landing, W.M., G.A. Cu e , J.A. Dalziel, A.R. Flegal, R.T. Powell, D. Schmid , A. Shille , P. S a ham, S. Wes e lund, J. Resing,
1995. Analy ical in e compa ison esul s om he 1990 in e go e nmen al oceanog aphic commission open ocean baseline su ey o ace
me als: A lan ic Ocean.Ma .Chem.,49,253-265.
3. Ma in, J.M., M. Meybeck, 1979. Elemen al mass-balance o ma e ial ca ied by majo wo ld i e s.Ma .Chem.,7,173–206.
4. G imal , J.O., M. Fe e , E. Macphe son, 1999. The mine ailing acciden in Aznalcolla .Sci.To al.En i on.,242,3–11.
5. San os-Echeand´
ıa, J., R. P ego, A. Cobelo-Ga c´
ıa, 2009. In luence o he hea y uel spill om he P es ige anke w eckage in he
o e lying seawa e column le els o coppe , nickel and anadium (NE A lan ic ocean).J.Ma .Sys .,72,350-357.
6. Gil-Iba guchi, J.I., M. Mendia, J. Gi a deau, J.J. Peuca , 1990. Pe ology o eclogi es and clinopy oxenega ne me abasi es om he
Cabo O egal Complex (no hwes e n Spain).Li hos,25,133–162.
7. Mo eno, T., W. Gibbons, H. P icha d, R. Luna , 2001.Pla ini e ous ch omi i e and he ec onic se ing o ul ama ic ocks in Cabo
O egal, NW Spain.J.Geol.Soc.,158,601–614.
8. San os-Echeand´
ıa, J., 2011. Di ec simul aneous de e mina ion o Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and in po e wa e s by means o adso p i e ca hodic
s ipping ol amme y wi h mixed ligands.Talan a.85,506-512.
9. Campos, M.L.A.M., C.M.G. an den Be g, 1994. De e mina ion o coppe complexa ion in sea wa e by ca hodic s ipping ol amme y
and ligand compe i ion wi h salicylaldoxime.Anal.Chim.Ac a.,284,481-496.
10. Boussema , M., C.M.G. Van den Be g, M., Ghadda , 1992. The de e mina ion o he ch omium specia ion in sea wa e using ca aly ic
ca hodic s ipping ol amme y.Anal.Chim.Ac a.,262,103-115.
116 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
T ace Me al dis ibu ion in he Su ace Mic olaye o he Medi e anean Sea
An onio To a -S´
anchez1, Jes´
us M A ie a1, Ca los M. Dua e1, Se gio A. Sa˜
nudo-Wilhelmy2
1Medi e anean Ins i u e o Ad anced S udies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miguel Ma qu´
es 21, 07190 Es-
po les, Balea ic Island, Spain.
2Depa men o Biological Sciences and Depa men o Ea h Sciences. Uni e si y o Sou he n Cali o -
nia. Los Angeles, Cali o nia, 90089-0371, USA
Abs ac
A mosphe ic deposi ion ep esen a undamen al inpu o ace me als o he ocean [1,2], al hough he
impac o dus deposi ion on biological p ocesses such as oceanic p ima y p oduc ion [3,4] and ni ogen
ixa ion [5] is no well unde s ood. While he lack o an immedia e biological esponse o a mosphe ic
inpu s o bioac i e ace me als ha e been a ibu ed o a lag- ime in he dissolu ion kine ics o dus
pa icles me als [6], he ole o he sea su ace mic olaye (SML), a hin, bu undamen al componen
modula ing ha ai -sea exchange o ma e ials [6,7] has no been p ope ly e alua ed. Ou s udy e ealed
ha Medi e anean Sea’s SML is en iched in bioac i e ace me als (i.e. Cd, Co, Cu and Fe), anging
be ween 12 ( o Cd) o 4700 ( o Fe) imes highe , ela i e o he su ace dissol ed wa e me al pool.
These esul s demons a e ha he concen a ion and e en ion o ae osols ma e ial in he SML is sig-
ni ican and usually no quan i ied using he adi ional sampling p o ocols applied in mos ma ine ace
me al s udies. Ou s udy sugges s ha he SML mus be conside ed o be e cons ained he e ec o
a mosphe ic inpu s on biological p ocesses in he ocean.
Re e ences
1. Heimb¨
u ge e al. (2014). Deep Sea Resea ch I 87, 14–23;
2. Landing, & Pay an (2010). Ma ine Chemis y 120, 1–3;
3. Jickells. e al. (2005). Science 308, 67–71;
4. Young, e al. (1991). Global Biogeochemical Cycles 5, 119–134;
5. Mills e al. (2004). Na u e 429, 292–294;
6. Boyd e al. (2010). Ma ine Chemis y 120, 128–143;
7. Bake , A. R. & C oo , P. L. (2010). Ma ine Chemis y 120, 4–13;
Wednesday, June 11 h 117

In i ed alks
I on pa i ion in su ace wa e s o a la ge-scale summe bloom sou h o he An a c ic Pola F on
Lagle a LM1, San os-Echeandia J2, Klaas C3, Wol -Gad ow DA3
1Depa men o Chemis y, Uni e si y o he Balea ic Islands, Palma, Spain
2Ins i u o de In es igaciones Ma inas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
3Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola and Ma ine Resea ch, B eme ha en, Ge many
Abs ac
Du ing he Eddy Pump c uise (Sou he n Ocean, Jan-Ma 2012) we had he oppo uni y o moni o in si u
o 2 weeks he e olu ion o a la ge-scale bloom a 52ºS, 13ºW (A lan ic sec o o he Sou he n Ocean,
sou h o he An a c ic Pola F on ) wi h s able chlo ophyll concen a ions (1.5-2 mg m−3, 200 mg m−2)
compa able o blooms in i on- eple e coas al egions. The bloom was al eady de eloped a ou a i al
and showed slow e olu ion du ing he sampling pe iod (3 weeks) wi h e ical and in ensi y a ia ions.
To al dissol ed i on (<0.2 µm) and 48 hou s leachable i on (un il e ed, pH=2.0) we e de e mined in
he uppe 300 m o he wa e column. Dissol ed i on p o iles we e no subs an ially di e en wi h
nea ly la p o iles in he mixed laye (down o 100 me e s). Compa ison o he concen a ions ob ained
in he bloom wi h hose om one s a ion chlo ophyll deple ed ou side he bloom showed no majo
di e ences. Howe e , concen a ions o leachable i on (>0.2 µm) we e conside ably di e en : ou side-
bloom 0.16±0.22 nM, inside-bloom 0.44±0.42 nM. Samples om some bloom s a ions we e pa i ioned
in 0.2-0.4 µm, 0.2-3 µm and 0.2-53 µm size ac ions whe e i on in he ac ions 0.2-0.4 µm and 0.2-3
µm was negligible and esul s om he 0.2-53 µm size- ac ion we e nea ly equal o >0.2 µm. This was
indica i e o he absence o Fe in ino ganic agg ega es (<0.2 µm) and he apid ecycling o i on in he
uppe wa e column.
118 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
I on and coppe compe i ions du ing edox eac ions in na u al wa e s
No ma P´
e ez-Almeida, A idane G. Gonz´
alez, J. Magdalena San ana-Casiano, Melcho Gonz´
alez-
D´
a ila, Guille mo Sampe io
Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica. Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma .
35017, Ta i a. Las Palmas de G.C.
Abs ac
Labo a o y and ield wo k ha e demons a ed he ele ance o ace me al in e ac ion in he edox chem-
is y o essen ial me als like coppe and i on. Howe e , he compe i ion o bo h me als has no been
s udied in solu ion. The oxida ion- educ ion o bo h, coppe and i on was s udied unde ai -sa u a ed
condi ions bubbling ul a-pu e ai ho ough he solu ion o 1 h p e ious and du ing he expe imen s.
The edox kine ics o coppe was s udied a cons an pH and empe a u e and as a unc ion o Fe concen-
a ion (0-200 nM) and H2O2(0-300 nM). In he case o i on edox eac ions, he compe i ion be ween
Fe(II) and coppe species has been s udied in seawa e a di e en ini ial Cu(II) and Cu(I) concen a-
ion (0-200nM). In addi ion, he e ec o pH (6.2-8.5), bica bona e concen a ion (2-9 mM) and H2O2
concen a ion (0-500 nM) on he Fe(II) a e cons an we e also s udied.
The oxida ion a e o Cu(I) was e a ded in he p esence o Fe(II) and accele a ed when Fe(III) was
also in solu ion. The log k’ (min−1) as a unc ion o Fe(II) and Fe(III) concen a ions e ealed slopes
o -2.7 ±0.2×10−4and 8.0 ±0.5×10−5, espec i ely. On he o he hand, he educ ion o Cu(II)
unde wen signi ican changes. The Cu(II) back- eac ion o med 20 nM o Cu(I) o e 40 min. The
educ ion achie ed 40-60% in he i s 2 min o eac ion when Fe(II) was p esen in solu ion and he
Cu(I) egene a ed was oxidized. The Cu(I) oxida ion a e was lowe han ha o he expe imen s whe e
Cu(I) was ini ially added. In addi ion, he hal -li e ime was independen o he ini ial Fe(II) le els in
solu ion. Mo eo e , Fe(III) did no p esen any e ec on he Cu(II) educ ion.
The Fe(II) oxida ion is accele a ed in he p esence o coppe , and a i s -o de pH dependence was always
obse ed. The a e cons an o Fe(II), wi hou coppe , was a second o de pH dependen unc ion a pH
o e 7.5 and a i s o de unc ion o lowe pH alues (6.2-7.5). Thus, in he p esence o coppe , he
specia ion o Fe(II) is a ec ed. FeOH+, FeCO3and p obably FeHCO+
3a e in ol ed in he p ocess. In
addi ion, Fe(II) oxida ion a e was inc eased only when bo h ca bona e and Cu(II) concen a ions was
o e 6 mM and 100 nM, espec i ely. The e ec o H2O2concen a ions was also unc ion o he ini ial
Cu(II) addi ions, bu he oxida ion a e was equally a ec ed by H2O2, hus he obse ed e ec mus be
only due o he p esence o coppe species in solu ion
Wednesday, June 11 h 119
In i ed alks
The ole o nu ien s specia ion on he oxida ion a e o Fe(II) in seawa e
Sampe io-Ramos, G., San ana-Casiano, J.M., Gonz´
alez-D´
a ila, M. & Gonz´
alez, A.G.
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma , Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia,
Campus de Ta i a, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
Abs ac
The e ec s o ni a e, phospha e and silica e in he oxida ion o Fe(II) by molecula oxygen ha e been
e alua ed using a UV-Vis spec opho ome ic sys em equipped wi h a long liquid wa eguide capilla y
low cell. The Fe(II) oxida ion p ocess was s udied in UV-seawa e en iched wi h nu ien s (SWEN)
and oligo ophic UV-seawa e (SW) as a unc ion o pH (7.2-8.2) and empe a u e (5-35°C). The esul s
showed ha he oxida ion a es was as e in high nu ien concen a ions, educing he li e ime o Fe(II)
in nu ien ich wa e s in he di e en expe imen al condi ions. The highes alues in he appa en oxida-
ion cons an s, we e a pH = 8.2 (log kapp-SWEN = 3.85 + 0.01 M-1 min-1 and log kapp-SW = 3.71 +
0.01 M−1min−1a 35 ºC), while he minimum oxida ion a es we e achie ed in he lowe alues o pH
anges o s udy (log kapp-SWEN = 1.26 + 0.01 M−1min−1and log kapp-SW = 1.32 + 0.01 M−1min−1
a 15 ºC). The appa en a e cons an was i ed unde he expe imen al condi ions o pH ( ee scale)
and empe a u e (ºK), in SW and SWEN samples. The di e en in he Fe(II) oxida ion a e be ween
SWEN and SW (∆log kapp = ∆log kapp-SWEN - ∆log kapp-SW) was cons an along he pH ange
s udied. Ne e heless ∆log kapp a ied h oughou he empe a u e ange exanima ed. A kine ic model
was applied o he expe imen al esul s, in o de o accoun o changes in he specia ion and o compu e
he ac ional con ibu ion o each Fe(II) species o he o e all a e cons an , as a unc ion o pH and
empe a u e. In he Fe(II) oxida ion in seawa e en iched wi h nu ien s was conside a e bo h he silica e
as phospha e e ec . The a e cons an s o he mos kine ically ac i e species (Fe2+, FeOH+, Fe(OH)2,
FeCO3, Fe(CO3)22−, FeH3SiO+
4, FePO−
4) in seawa e and seawa e en iched wi h nu ien s ha e been de-
e mina e as a unc ion o empe a u e. Nei he Fe-silica e eac i e specie (FeH3SiO+
4) no Fe-phospha e
eac i e species (FePO−
4, FeHPO4and FeH2PO+
4) played a key ole in he Fe(II) specia ion. A high
empe a u es, model esul s shown ha when he concen a ion o silica e is 1.4 ×10−4M, FeH3SiO+
4
was he specie ha domina ed he Fe(II) oxida ion p ocess be ween pH 7.4 and 8.0. The he modynamic
e ec o e he FeH3SiO+
4ion pai cons an has been i ed o an equa ion ha p o ides he heo e ical co-
e icien s o seawa e (S‰= 37.09). The e o e he e ec o nu ien s, especially silica e and phospha e,
mus be conside ed in any u he s udy in seawa e media cul u es and eu ophic coas al wa e s.
120 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
Ma ine Pollu ion and Eco oxicology
Response o Pho o ophic Bio ilm o he p esence o sil e nanopa icles in na u al wa e s
S ´
ephane Mombo1, A idane G. Gonz´
alez1,2, Lidia Fe n´
andez-Rojo1, Jos´
ephine Le lai e1, Alexan-
d e Lamy1, Oleg S. Pok o sky2, Jean-Luc Rols1
1EcoLab/OMP, Uni e si ´
e Paul Saba ie – CNRS-INPT, 118 ou e de Na bonne, 31062 Toulouse, F ance
2GET/OMP, Uni e si ´
e Paul Saba ie - CNRS-IRD, 14 A enue Edoua d Belin, 31400 Toulouse, F ance
Abs ac
Sil e is one o he mos oxic me als o aqua ic bio a al hough i is ela i ely a e in aqueous sys ems.
Sil e can be ound bo h as nanopa icles (AgNPs) and ionic o m (Ag+) in he na u al en i onmen .
Ben hic pho o ophic bio ilm is he i s biological su ace ha accep s he impac o pollu an s in aqua ic
sys ems. Na u al bio ilms a e mic obial agg ega es on solid subs a es composed o he e o ophic and
pho o ophic mic oo ganisms embedded in an ex acellula polyme ic ma ix basically o med by ex-
opolyme ic subs ances (EPS). The p esen s udy add esses he e ec o AgNPs and AgNO3, used om
0.1 o 100 µg L−1o Ag, on wo samples o bio ilms ha es ed in a Ro a ing Annula Bio eac o (RAB),
a mesocosm en i onmen simula ing he na u al condi ions ound in i e s.
Two independen expe imen s we e ca ied ou , one o sil e nanopa icles (AgNPs) and he o he o
ionic sil e (AgNO3), and he bio ilm s uc u e has been independen ly cha ac e ized o each expe i-
men . The bio ilms we e ini ially domina ed by h ee classes o algae: Chlo ophyceae, Cyanophyceae
and Dia omophyceae. These h ee classes we e ep esen ed by: Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus eco -
nis,Scenedesmus spinosus,He e oleibleinia sp.,Lep olyngbya ma ga e heana,Achnan hes exigua and
Dia oma monili o mis.
The d y biomass did no dec ease in he p esence o Ag+ and i means ha he su ace o he bio ilm
is eplacing he loss o Dia omophyceae and Cyanophyceae by Chlo ophyceae. Acco dingly, Ag+ was
poisoning he supe icial species on he bio ilm, o med by dia oms and cyanobac e ia, while keeping
hese habi a s o Chlo ophyceae. The oxici y o AgNPs was due o small pa icles (20 nm) ha can pass
h ough he cell wall and each he plasma memb ane. Besides, a e adso p ion, AgNPs could p oduce
ionic Ag and eac i e oxygen species ha also in oke cell damages.
Measu ing o he concen a ion o o al sil e du ing he expe imen s e ealed ha he accumula ion
capaci y o bio ilm is mo e impo an when he sou ce o sil e is AgNPs compa ed o AgNO3. In ac ,
he concen a ion o o al sil e in bio ilm was p ac ically he same o exposi ion o 10 and 100 µg L−1
o AgNPs, despi e he ac ha he capaci y o adso b nanopa icles was a i s maximum.
In addi ion o bio ilm cul u e expe imen s, we s udied single-axenic cul u es o h ee species: U onema
con e icolum (g een alga), Ni zchia palea (dia om) and Lep olyngbya sp. (Cyanobac e ia). These e-
sul s help o demons a e he ole o each g oup o mic oo ganisms unde sil e s ess condi ions and he
capaci y o accumula e AgNPs in hei cell su aces.
Wednesday, June 11 h 121
In i ed alks
Eco oxicological assessmen o was ewa e e luen s in ma ine en i onmen s: be o e and a e Ad-
anced Oxida ion P ocess (POA) and Pho obiodepu a ion T ea men
B. D´
ıaz-Ga du˜
no1, J.A. Pe ales2, M.A. Manzano2, E. Ga c´
ıa-Luque1, C. Ga ido2, M. L. Ma ´
ın-
D´
ıaz1
1Chemical Physical Depa men , Cen o Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnolog´
ıa Ma inas (CACYTMAR), Cam-
pus de Excelencia In e nacional del Ma (CEI•MAR), Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Campus Uni e si a io de
Pue o Real, 11510 Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
2Depa men o En i onmen al Technology, Cen o Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnolog´
ıa Ma inas (CACYT-
MAR), Campus de Excelencia In e nacional del Ma (CEI•MAR), Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Campus Uni e -
si a io de Pue o Real, 11510 Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
Abs ac
Municipal sewage e luen s a e ecognized as a majo sou ce o many en i onmen al con aminan s, in-
cluding polya oma ic hyd oca bons, pes icides, su ac an s, s e oids, and me als. Recen ly, pha maceu i-
cals and pe sonal ca e p oduc s we e iden i ied as an eme ging class o po en ial pollu an s o he aqua ic
en i onmen . Mos domes ic and some indus ial was ewa e s a e p ocessed by municipal was ewa e
ea men plan s. Despi e he imp o emen s in was ewa e ea men , e luen s a e s ill conside ed im-
po an sou ces o pollu ion o bo h ma ine and eshwa e ecosys ems. Municipal sewage e luen s
a e complex mix u es ha a e known o comp omise he heal h condi ion o aqua ic o ganisms. Mo e-
o e , he en i onmen al epe cussions o he discha ge o disin ec ed e luen s a e s ill poo ly unde s ood
(H´
ebe e al., 2008a,b).
The main aim o his s udy was o de e mining he en i onmen al isk o he aqua ic bio a in he Bay
o Cadiz (SW, Spain) o municipal sewage e luen s and a ious was ewa e disin ec ion p ocesses:
a) Ad anced Oxida ion P ocess (POA)-Hyd ogen Pe oxid Pho oca alisis, and b) Pho obiodepu a ion-
mic oalgae cul u e. Th ee esidual wa e ea men plan s discha ging o his Bay we e selec ed: a)
Pue o Real (u ban-hospi al was ewa e s), b) Chiclana I- (u ban was ewa e s), and c) Chiclana II (in-
dus ial was ewa e s). The eco oxicological assessmen o selec ed e luen s was pe o med applying
s anda dized and ecommended sho - e m oxici y es s using ou di e en o ganisms and endpoin s.
O ganisms om di e en ophic le els we e chosen as bioindica o species: he bioluminescence e-
sponse in he bac e ia Vib io ische i, su i al in he ish Spau us au a a, e iliza ion and emb yo-la al
de elopmen in he sea-u chin Pa acen o us li idus and g ow h inhibi ion in he mic oalgae Isoch ysis
galbana.
Resul s ob ained con i med he sui abili y o he use o he selec ed sho - e m oxici y es s o assess
eco oxicology o selec ed e luen s, being he sea u chin la al de elopmen he mos sensi i e endpoin .
E luen s om he di e en was ewa e ea men plan s esul ed o inc ease signi ican ly oxici y (p<0.05)
a e exposu e, since bac e ia bioluminescence, su i al, g ow h and ep oduc ion we e nega i ely a -
ec ed compa ed wi h con ol ea men . On he o he hand, bo h disin ec ion ea men s, signi ican ly
educed e luen s eco oxici y (p<0.05). Di e en dilu ions o he e luen s we e analyzed in o de o
p opose he mos sui able one o be discha ged o he ma ine en i onmen , being ound he possibili y o
using highe dilu ions when disin ec ing he e luen .
Re e ences
H´
ebe N., F. Gagn´
e, P. Cejka, B. Boucha d, R. Hausle , D.G. Cy , C. Blaise, and M. Fou nie , 2008a: E ec s o ozone, ul a iole and
pe ace ic acid disin ec ion o a p ima y- ea ed municipal e luen on he Immune sys em o ainbow ou (Onco hynchus mykiss). Comp
Biochem Phys C, 122-127. H´
ebe N., F. Gagn´
e, P. Cejka, D. Cy , D.J. Ma cogliese, C. Blaise, J. Pelle in, M. Fou nie , 2008b: The
e ec s o a p ima y- ea ed municipal e luen on he immune sys em o ainbow ou (Onco hynchus mykiss): Exposu e du a ion and
con ibu ion o suspended pa icles. Comp Biochem Phys C, 258-264.
128 Wednesday, June 11 h

In i ed alks
Boos e biocides in ma ine en i onmen . A new challenge a e TBT age.
´
A. S´
anchez-Rod ´
ıguez, Z. Sosa-Fe e a and J.J. San ana-Rod ´
ıguez
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G.C., 35017 Las Palmas de G.C. Spain
Abs ac
F om beginning o sailing, humans ha e aced an impo an issue in he de elopmen o na al ac i i y.
The undesi able g ow h o o ganisms on subme ged su aces (bio ouling) ca ies wi h i some nega i e
e ec s, including inc eased uel consump ion and co osion, as well as he po en ial in oduc ion o o -
eign species in o new ecosys ems [1]. To p e en i s occu ence, an i ouling pain coa ings ha e been
adi ionally used. In he pas , hese an i ouling pain s we e based on lead, a senic, o ganic compounds
o me cu y o pes icides like DDT [2]. F om he70s, o gano in compounds like ibu yl in (TBT) and
iphenyl in (TPT) began o be ex ensi ely used in pain o mula ions wi h excellen esul s. These com-
pounds showed a high e icacy as an i ouling agen s. Un o una ely, hey exhibi ed a high oxici y o e
non- a ge o ganisms [3]. Fo his eason, se e al es ic ions we e in oduced by coun ies and in e na-
ional o ganisms like In e na ional Ma ine O ganiza ion (IMO) o Eu opean Communi y. Nowadays and
om 2008 i is no allow sail in Eu opean communi y wa e s wi h o gano in based coa ings.
In o de o eplace o gano in compounds in an i ouling pain o mula ions, manu ac u es based hei
p oduc s on coope as he ac i e componen . Howe e , i does no show a oxic ac i i y o he ull
spec um o ouling o ganisms, so o he s biocides a e added o o mula ions o imp o e hei e icacies
[4]. These biocides a e known as boos e biocides and some o hem ha e been p e iously used in
ag icul u e o indus ial ac i i ies. None heless, when hey began o be used as an i ouling pain s, he e
we e no a ailable da a abou hei possible impac s o e ma ine en i onmen .
In his s udy we p esen an o e iew abou he analysis and con ol o boos e biocides in ma ine en i-
onmen . Analy ical me hodologies, le els and oxici y e ec s o boos e biocides will be e iewed.
Re e ences
1. D.M. Yeb a, K. Dam-johansen, An i ouling echnology—pas , p esen and u u e s eps owa ds e icien and en i onmen ally iendly
an i ouling coa ings, 50 (2004) 75–104.
2. S.M. E ans, A.C. Bi chenough, The TBT Ban: Ou o he F ying Pan in o he Fi e?, 40 (2000) 204–211.
3. C. Alzieu, En i onmen al impac o TBT: he F ench expe ience, Sci. To al En i on. 258 (2000) 99–102.
4. I. Omae, Gene al aspec s o in- ee an i ouling pain s., Chem. Re . 103 (2003) 3431–48.
Wednesday, June 11 h 129
In i ed alks
Geoch onologies o eme ging con aminan s in sewage-impac ed coas al se ings (Jamaica Bay, NY)
Pablo A. La a Ma ´
ın1,2, Edua do Gonz´
alez Mazo1, B uce J. B ownawell2
1Depa men o Physical Chemis y, Facul y o Ma ine and En i onmen al Sciences, Uni e si y o Cadiz,
Pue o Real, 11510, Spain
2School o Ma ine and A mosphe ic Sciences, S ony B ook Uni e si y, S ony B ook, 11794-5000, New
Yo k, Uni ed S a es
Abs ac
Aqua ic sys ems a e o en subjec ed o he in luence o u ban and/o indus ial was ewa e discha ges,
which may con ain signi ican amoun s o o ganic con aminan s. Among hem, pha maceu icals and
pe sonal ca e p oduc s (PPCPs) ha e been he ocus o many esea che s wi hin he las decade. Mos
o hese s udies deal wi h he iden i ica ion and dis ibu ion o hese chemicals in wa e bodies, bu da a
on hei p esence in pa icula e ma e and sedimen s a e s ill ela i ely sca ce. The p esen s udy deals
wi h he iden i ica ion, dis ibu ion and a e o a wide ange o su ac an s and PPCPs in da ed sedimen
co es, o e ing a new insigh ha allows econs uc ing he his o y o he con amina ion o an aqua ic
sys em by hese compounds.
Sedimen sampling was ca ied ou in Jamaica Bay, adjacen o NYC and impac ed by 6 was e wa-
e ea men plan s (WWTPs) discha ging 1.1×109L/day biologically ea ed sewage. Nine su ace
sedimen samples and a sedimen co e we e sampled in 2008. The sedimen co e was sec ioned a 2 cm
in e als. All sedimen samples we e also d ied in an o en a 35°C and s o ed a oom- empe a u e pend-
ing analysis. 137Cs, de i ed om global allou om a mosphe ic es ing o nuclea weapons was used
o da ing. The bo om o he co e da ed o app oxima ely 1948. Six y ou di e en pha maceu icals
(PhACs) we e analyzed in su ace and co e sedimen samples, including a a ie y o di e en analgesics,
an iim lamma o ies, an ihype ensi es, lipid egula o s, an ibio ics and psichya ic d ugs. Linea alkyl-
benzene sul ona e (LAS), an anionic su ac an widely used in pe sonal ca e p oduc s and cleane s, was
also conside ed, as well as polye hyleneglycols (PEGs). Analy ical p o ocols a e desc ibed in e e -
ences [1] and [2], and a e based on he use o liquid ch oma og aphy – mass spec ome y (LC-MS)
a e ul asonic o p essu ized liquid ex ac ion o a ge compounds and la e pu i ica ion by solid phase
ex ac ion. Limi s o de ec ion we e usually below 0.1 ng/g.
The highes le els o a ge compounds in su ace sedimen samples, up o 80 ng/g o PhACs and 9.5
mg/kg o LAS, we e measu ed in he inne pa o Jamaica Bay, cha ac e ized by e y high bu ial a es,
i ually no ben hic in auna, and li le biological o physical mixing, wi h anoxic o hypoxic condi ions
p e ailing in he nea -bo om wa e s ha a o p ese a ion o o ganic con aminan s. The sedimen co e
was aken in ha a ea. The e, he e ical dis ibu ion o LAS along he sedimen a y column was in es i-
ga ed in o de o con i m he da ing o he sedimen co e by adionuclides and also o s udy changes o e
ime in he WWTP e iciencies and inpu s. The e ical p o ile o LAS concen a ion indica es a i s
appea ance o his compound in he sedimen eco d a ound 1960, when i s a ed eplacing he poo ly
biodeg adable b anched alkylbenzene sul ona es (BAS) (also de ec ed in he sedimen co e om 1954
o 1967). Two di e en maxima a e obse ed in he ime his o y o LAS concen a ion co esponding
o he mid-la e-1980s (75 µg/g), and he mid 1960s (250 µg/g). These changes o e ime a e a ibu ed
o upg ades in ea men pe o mance o he local Jamaica WWTP ha occu ed in 1963 and 1978 [3].
The p o ile o LAS concen a ion emains ai ly s able ollowing 1978, so any changes in he concen-
a ion o any o he o ganic con aminan s a e in e p e ed as esul ing p ima ily om changing inpu s o
he WWTPs su ounding Jamaica Bay, which co e la gely esiden ial po ions o Queens and B ooklyn
Bo oughs o New Yo k Ci y.
130 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
Wi h espec o pha maceu icals, hei concen a ions a e much lowe (<100 ng/g) han hose o anionic
su ac an s (up o 250 µg/g) in he same samples, mainly as a consequence o hei lowe p oduc ion
and consump ion. Howe e , PhACs, as well as PEGs, show a g owing end o e he las decades, in
ag eemen wi h he con inuous inc ease in he p oduc ion and use o hese chemicals. Only 16 o he
64 pha maceu icals ha we e analyzed could be de ec ed. Thei sedimen eco ds a e consis en wi h
i s use da es o pha maceu icals. As an example, ibup o en is an an i-in lamma o y d ug ha was i s
sold in 1974, and i has been e y popula since hen, so i s p esence can be obse ed in sedimen s om
ha da e un il oday showing an a e age concen a ion o 10 ng/g. Be a-blocke s such as me op olol
and p opanolol a e used o hype ension ea men . P opanolol was he i s be a-blocke success ully
de eloped in he 1960s, bu hen i was eplaced du ing he 1980s o mo e e ec i e compounds such
as me op olol (de eloped in 1978). This is in ag eemen wi h he concen a ion p o iles ha we can
obse e o bo h compounds along he sedimen co e. Thus, concen a ion o p opanolol inc eases o 3
ng/g om 1977 o 1985, and hen i dec eases owa ds he su ace o he co e. Mo eo e , me op olol
became a gene ic p oduc in 2006, which imp o ed i s sales ecen ly and can explain he exponen ial
inc ease in i s concen a ion om 5 o 35 ng/g o e he las decade. This is ue also o some o he
pha maceu icals, such as he an ibio ic cla i h omycin, de eloped in 1991 and gone gene ic in 2005 (i s
maximum concen a ion was de ec ed in he co e su ace, being 16 ng/g). Psychia ic d ugs, such as
ca bamazepine o luoxe ine, which a e slowly biodeg aded in he wa e column, can be also de ec ed in
sedimen s in spi e o hei high solubili y a concen a ions be ween 2 and 10 ng/g.
O e all, analyzing PPCPs in da ed sedimen co es collec ed om sewage pollu ed a eas allows ob aining
his o ical eco ds o hese con aminan s. This can be conside ed as a powe ul ool o moni o ing he
exposu e o aqua ic sys ems o PPCPs du ing se e al decades, an also e lec s any changes ha may
occu in hei use and consump ion by nea by popula ions.
Re e ences
1. Jelic A, Pe o ic M, Ba cel´
o D. 2009. Talan a 80: 363-371.
2. La a-Ma ´
ın PA, Gonz´
alez-Mazo E, B ownawell BJ. 2011. J Ch oma og A 1218: 4799-4807.
3. Fe guson PL, Bopp RF, Chill ud SN, Alle RC, B ownawell BJ. 2003. En i on Sci Technol 37: 3499-3506.
Wednesday, June 11 h 131
In i ed alks
Implemen a ion o an en i onmen al Moni o ing ne wo k in he coas al sys em o Cape Ve de:
P elimina y S udies
Abu-Raya, Ma a de Cas o1, Nie o, ´
Osca 2
1Depa men o Enginee ing and Ma ine Science. Uni e si y o Cape Ve de. 163 S˜
ao Vicen e. Cape
Ve de
2Depa men o Analy ical Chemis y. Uni e si y o Vigo. 36310 Vigo. Spain
Abs ac
The Cape Ve de a chipelago, pos ed as an a e age de eloping coun y, has had majo economic, social
and indus ial ad ances. P esen ly he Go e nmen o Cape Ve de is wo king on implemen ing he clus e
o he sea, which will imp o e he de elopmen in ishe ies, aquacul u e, expansion and mode niza ion o
po in as uc u es and na al indus y, as well as he es ablishmen o high alue-suppo ing indus ies.
The e o e, in addi ion o he socio-economic de elopmen , i is necessa y o ca y ou he implemen a ion
o en i onmen al moni o ing p og ams, he assessmen o he cu en en i onmen al quali y o coas al
a eas, he es ablishmen o en i onmen al quali y s anda ds and he p omo ion o p ope managemen
ac ions o coas al wa e s. Few s udies highligh ing he necessi y o ca ying ou hese issues, included
Abu-Raya (2009) and Pinhei o (2010). The p esen p ojec consis s o ou main sequen ial pa s: (1)
Chemical analysis o con aminan s in he wa e column, sedimen s and bio a (Pe sis is ombus la us and
Phallusia nig a); (2) Emb yo oxici y bioassays wi h Echinome a lucun e and Phallusia nig a; (3)
In eg a ion o chemical and biological pa ame e s; (4) De elopmen o a con ol ne wo k o implemen
an en i onmen al moni o ing p og am in Cape Ve de. The i s sampling pe iod was conduc ed in ou
s a ions: Calhau, de ined as con ol a ea, and Po G ande in S˜
ao Vicen e island; Po No o in San o
An ˜
ao island, Po o Palmei a in S˜
ao Vicen e island.
The analysis o me als in he wa e column by ol amme y shows he highes concen a ions o Zn
on he su ace o Po G ande (122.8 µg/L). In addi ion, he concen a ions o Cu we e abo e he EPA
ecommenda ion (3.1 µg/L) on all s a ions and he Pb concen a ions we e below 7.9 µg/L. The de e mi-
na ion o o ganochlo ine compounds by gas ch oma og aphy on he diges i e gland o P. la us showed
highes concen a ions o Ald in and Hep achlo in Po G ande and Po No o. The analysis o PAHs
and PCBs on he muscle and diges i e gland we e below he limi o de ec ion.
Emb yo la al bioassays wi h mussels (M. gallop o incialis), ascidiae (C. in es inalis) and sea u chin (P.
Li idus) ha e been ini ially pe o med in he wa e column samples. The oxici y ound in he samples
could be a ibu ed o he high concen a ions o me als de ec ed.
Re e ences
Abu- aya, M. (2009). A aliac¸˜
ao da con aminac¸˜
ao po me ais em gas opodes, S ombus la us, da Ba´
ıa do Po o G ande da ilha de S˜
ao
Vicen e, Cabo Ve de. An´
alise P o e´
omica. Tese de Mes ado em Recu sos do Ma e Ges ˜
ao Cos ei a. Uni e sidade de Cabo Ve de.
Pinhei o, N. (2010). A aliac¸˜
ao da con aminac¸˜
ao de pe ´
oleo na Ba´
ıa do Po o G ande pela de e minac¸˜
ao de hid oca bone os a om´
a icos
policiclicos (PAHS) na ainha, Chelon bispinosus. Tese de Mes ado em Recu sos do Ma e Ges ˜
ao Cos ei a. Uni e sidade de Cabo Ve de.
132 Wednesday, June 11 h
In i ed alks
Ca eine and ibup o en induced esponses o s ess and e ec on R. philippina um
Agui e-Ma ´
ınez, G.V.1,2, Del Valls, T. A.1and M. L. Ma ´
ın-D´
ıaz1,2
1C´
a ed a UNESCO/UNITWIN/WiCop. Fac. Ciencias del Ma y Ambien ales. Uni e sidad de C´
adiz,
Pol´
ıgono Rio San Ped o s/n. P. Real, C´
adiz, Spain
2Cen o Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnolog´
ıa Ma inas (CACYTMAR). Edi icio Ins i u os de In es igaci´
on.
Campus Uni e si a io de Pue o Real. 11510 Pue o Real (C´
adiz)
Abs ac
A e he cu ing e ec o pha maceu icals, hey a e exc e ed by he human body making i s way in o he
sewage, and la e eleased in o he aqua ic en i onmen ia was e wa e e luen s we e hey a e ound a
low bu de ec able concen a ions (ng/L o µg/L) [1,2]. Ad e se e ec s o pha maceu icals on aqua ic
li e ha e been demons a ed e en a low concen a ions [3,4]. Bi al es a e a high isk o exposu e o
such con amina ion because hey can il e high olumes o wa e [5].
This esea ch aimed o e alua e suble hal esponses and gene al s ess on he Manila clam Rudi apes
philippina um exposed o di e en concen a ions o ca eine and ibup o en (including en i onmen al
concen a ions) unde labo a o y condi ions du ing 14 days. Sea wa e was spiked e e y wo days wi h
ca eine (0; 0.1; 5; 15; 50 µg/L) and ibup o en (0; 0.1; 1; 5; 10; 50 µg/L). S ock solu ions o pha maceu-
icals we e dilu ed in DMSO (0.001 % / ). Gene al s ess was e alua ed in i o in clam’s haemolymph
by he applica ion o he neu al ed e en ion ime (NRRT) assay [6]. While enzyma ic esponses we e
s udied in diges i e gland issues using a ba e y o bioma ke s o exposu e and e ec , including Phase I:
E hoxy eso u in O-dee hylase enzyme ac i i y (EROD) [7] and dibenzyl lou escein dealkylase enzyme
(DBF) [8]; Phase II: glu a hione S- ans e ase enzyme (GST) [9]; oxida i e s ess enzymes glu a hione
pe oxidase (GPX) and glu a hione educ ase (GR) [10], lipid pe oxida ion (LPO) [11] and DNA damage
[12]. A he end o he assay mean NRRT in haemocy es om clams (n = 8) exposed o con ol and
DMSO was 128 ±8 min and 110 ±23 min espec i ely. A concen a ion-dependen esponse was ob-
se ed in clams exposed o ca eine (p <0.01; 2 = 0.95) and ibup o en (p <0.01; 2 = 0.88). NRRT was
signi ican ly educed (p <0.05) compa ed wi h con ols when exposed o en i onmen al concen a ion o
ca eine 15 µg/L (34 ±13 min).These clams we e conside ed o p esen diminished heal h s a us (NRRT
<45 min). Signi ican dec ease on e en ion ime was obse ed in clams exposed o ibup o en a en i on-
men al concen a ion 10 µg/L (60 ±13min). These clams we e conside ed s essed bu compensa ing.
Ca eine and ibup o en induced signi ican ly EROD ac i i y (p <0.05) while dec eased signi ican ly
DBF ac i i y (p <0.05) in diges i e gland issues compa ed wi h con ols ollowing a concen a ion-
esponse ela ionship. Dec ease o DBF ac i i y migh sugges he me aboliza ion o hese compounds.
GST ac i i y and an ioxidan enzymes we e signi ican ly induced (p <0.05) in clams exposed o ca eine
a en i onmen al concen a ion and o ibup o en a he higes concen a ion es ed (50 µg/L) compa ed
wi h con ols, indica ing oxida i e s ess. Inju ious e ec s we e eco ded in clams exposed o ca eine
and ibup o en concen a ions as LPO signi ican ly di e om he esponse obse ed in con ols (p <
0.05). DNA damage signi ican ly inc eased (p <0.05) in clams exposed o ca eine a 50 µg/L while
ibup o en seems o dec ease signi ican ly his esponse compa ed wi h con ols (p <0.05). Bi al es
ha e he capaci y o bio ans o m o eign o ganic chemicals such as phase I and II bio ans o ma ion
enzymes. Phase I and Phase II s udied in his esea ch indica ed ha en i onmen al concen a ion o ca -
eine and ibup o en had a measu able impac on he heal h s a us o R. philippina um. Resul s om he
p esen esea ch indica ed ha NRRT assay, Phase I, Phase II, an ioxidan enzymes, lipid pe oxida ion
and DNA damage selec ed as suble hal esponses, cons i u ed sui able measu emen s o be inco po a ed
in a ba e y o bioma ke s o assess oxici y o pha maceu icals in ma ine en i onmen . Diges i e gland
issues s udied in his wo k esul ed o be a eliable issue o bioma ke analysis.
Wednesday, June 11 h 133

In i ed alks
Ca eine and ibup o en a en i onmen al concen a ions seemed o a ec he heal h s a us o R. philip-
pina um. Finally, he da a epo ed he ein including me abolic esponses om Phase I and II ep esen
impo an eco oxicological in o ma ion and will p o ide a use ul e e ence o assessmen o e ec s
o pha maceu icals migh ha e in ma ine o ganisms, using as bioindica o species he clam R. philip-
pina um.
Re e ences
1. Danesh a , A., S an el , J., K onbe g, L., P ´
e os , M. and G. A. Weyhenmeye , 2010: Chemosphe e Seasonal a ia ions in he occu -
ence and a e o basic and neu al pha maceu icals in a Swedish i e –lake sys em. Chemosphe e,80(3),301–309.
2. Fen , K., Wes on. A. and D. Caminada, 2006: Eco oxicology o human pha maceu icals. Aqua . Toxicol.,76,122–159.
3. Nakada, N., Tanishima, T., Shinoha a, H., Ki i, K. and H. Takada, 2006: Pha maceu ical chemicals and endoc ine dis up e s in municipal
was ewa e in Tokyo and hei emo al du ing ac i a ed sludge ea men . Wa e . Res.,40,3297–3303.
4. G ung, M. K., ¨
allq is , T., Sakshaug, S., Sku ei , S. and K. V. Thomas, 2008: En i onmen al assessmen o No wegian p io i y pha -
maceu icals based on he EMEA guideline. Eco ox. En i on. Sa e y,71,328–340.
5. Gagn´
e, F., Boucha d, B., And ´
e, C., Fa cy, E. and M. Fou nie , 2011: E idence o eminiza ion in wild Ellip io complana a mussels in
he ecei ing wa e s downs eam o a municipal e luen ou all. Comp. Biochem. Phys,.C,153,99–106.
6. Ma ´
ınez-G´
omez, C., Benedic o, J., Campilloa, J. A. and M. Moo e, 2008: Applica ion and e alua ion o he neu al ed e en ion (NRR)
assay o lysosomal s abili y in mussel popula ions along he Ibe ian Medi e anean coas . J. En i on. Moni o .,10,490–499.
7. Gagn´
e, F. and C. Blaise, 1993: Hepa ic me allo hionein le el and mixed unc ion oxidase ac i i y in inge ling ainbow ou (On-
co hynchus mykiss) a e acu e exposu e o pulp and pape mill e luen s. Wa e . Res.,27,1669–1682.
8. Quinn, B., Gagn´
e, F. and C. Blaise, 2004: Oxida i e me abolism ac i i y in Hyd a a enua a exposed o ca bamazepine. F es. En i on.
Bull.,13,1–8.
9. Bo yslawskyj, M., Ga ood, A. C., J. T. Pea son, 1998: Ele a ion o glu a hione-S ans e ase ac i i y as a s ess esponse o o ganochlo-
ine compounds, in he eshwa e mussel, Sphae ium co neum. Ma . En i on. Res.,23,101–104.
10. McFa land, V. A., Inouye, S. L., Lu z, C. H., Ja is, A. S., Cla ke, J. U., and D. D. McCan ,1999: Bioma ke s o oxida i e s ess and
geno oxici y in li e s o ield collec ed b own bullhead, Ameiu us nebulosus. A ch. En i on. Con am. Toxicol. 37,236–241.
11. Wills, E. D.,1987: E alua ion o lipid pe oxida ion in lipids and biological memb anes. In: Snell K, Mullack B. (Eds.), Biochemical
Toxicology: a P ac ical App oach. IRL P ess, Ox o d, pp. 127–152.
12. Oli e, P. L, 1988:DNA p ecipi a ion assay: a apid and simple me hod o de ec ing DNA damage in mammalian cells. En i on. Mol.
Mu agen.,11,487–495.
134 Wednesday, June 11 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Remo e Sensing Oceanog aphy - Technology o he en i onmen
SMOS: ocean salini y measu ed om space. Wha is achie ed a e ou yea s o da a acquisi ion?
J. Fon SMOS Ba celona Expe Cen e (CSIC-UPC). Ins i u de Ci`
encies del Ma CSIC, Ba celona
Abs ac
SMOS (Soil Mois u e and Ocean Salini y), launched on No embe 2, 2009, is he i s sa elli e mission
add essing sea su ace salini y measu emen s om space. I s unique payload is MIRAS (Mic owa e
Imaging Radiome e using Ape u e Syn hesis), a new wo-dimensional in e e ome e designed by he
Eu opean Space Agency (ESA) and ope a ing a he mic owa e L-band. In his p esen a ion we add ess
he quali y o he salini y p oduc s now being ope a ionally deli e ed, ollowing algo i hm imp o e-
men s achie ed om he analysis o ou yea s o da a. The pionee na u e o his mission, bo h om
he echnological and da a p ocessing poin s o iew, implies many challenges and se e al issues ha a e
s ill being add essed by he SMOS eam. These a e mainly ela ed o low le el da a p ocessing (ins u-
men calib a ion s abili y, in e e ome ic image econs uc ion, con amina ion om ex e nal adia ion)
bu also o he e ie al o salini y om adiome ic measu emen s, wi h he need o co ec o o he
geophysical e ec s as he impac o sea su ace oughness in ocean L-band emission. De ailed analysis
o he SSS ields e ie ed by SMOS ( ep ocessed acco ding o he p esen s age o algo i hms de elop-
men ), and compa ison o o he da a sou ces like he A go a ay o p o iling loa s o ship da a, e idence
ha in opical/sub opical egions, p o ided ha la ge scale seasonal biases a e emo ed, he p ecision
o SMOS salini y a mon hly/100km scale is 0.2, while in some egions he esul s a e deg aded due o
geophysical un a ou able condi ions (cold wa e s whe e he b igh ness empe a u e sensi i i y o salini y
in smalle , di icul oughness co ec ion unde high o e y low winds, impac o land o RFI con am-
ina ion). Some examples will be p esen ed o he use o SMOS salini y da a in di e en oceanog aphic
applica ions whe e he a ailable in si u da a ha e oo coa se spa ial o empo al esolu ion o do no
p o ide in o ma ion on salini y in he e y op ocean laye .
Thu sday, June 12 h 135
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
Syne gy be ween emo e sensing a iables: Le el 4 esea ch p oduc s o Sea Su ace Salini y and
Chlo ophyll-a
Ma a Umbe , Sebas ien Guimba d, Joaquim Ballab e a, Ma cos Po abella and An onio Tu iel
Ins i u de Ci`
encies del Ma , CSIC, Passeig Ma ´
ı im de la Ba celone a, 37-49. 08003 Ba celona, Spain
Abs ac
Remo e sensing image y o he ocean su ace p o ides a synop ic iew o mesoscale signa u es om di -
e en ocean scala s ad ec ed by he oceanic low. The mos p obable o igin o he obse ed s uc u es is
he u bulen cha ac e o he oceanic low as hey slowly e ol e and a e e y pe sis en o e ime scales
compa ible wi h ocean mesoscale dynamics. A spa ial scales o kilome e s, u bulence is ega ded as a
wo-dimensional phenomenon, wi h a complex geome y. Such complexi y eme ges in emo e sensing
images as ilamen s and eddies o di e en sizes. This is seen in images o su ace chlo ophyll-a con-
cen a ion (Chl-a) and sea su ace salini y (SSS), as well as he be e - esol ed sea su ace empe a u e
(SST) and sea su ace heigh (SSH).
A usion echnique has been ecen ly p oposed o exploi hese common u bulen signa u es be ween
a iables. This echnique is heo e ically based on he geome ical p ope ies o ad ec ed ace s [Tu iel
e al., 2005b]. Cohe en o ices in a u bulen low s ongly in e ac , leading o pe manen ly s e ch and
old small-scale ilamen s ejec ed om o ex co es, and gene a e small-scale ace g adien s be ween
eddies. The e o e he spa ial s uc u e o a ace inhe i s some p ope ies o he unde lying low. This
leads o an o ganized geome y o he low as a hie a chy o ac al se s, called singula i y mani olds,
each one o hem associa ed o a singula i y exponen ; his is he so-called mul i ac al o malism o
ully de eloped u bulence. This geome ical a angemen o he low is in ima ely linked o he ene gy
cascade.
A key poin in his app oach is he assump ion o a mul i ac al s uc u e in ocean images [Lo ejoy e
al., 2001]. I is assumed ha singula i y lines o ocean a iables coincide [Umbe e al., 2013]. In u n,
he g adien o bo h a iables can be ela ed by a smoo h unc ion. As a i s and simple app oach, he
ela ing unc ion is exp essed as he iden i y, leading o a local eg ession scheme. This simple app oach
allows educing he e o and imp o ing he co e age o he esul ing Le el 4 p oduc o one a iable
using ano he a iable as a empla e. Mo eo e , in o ma ion abou he s a is ical ela ionship be ween
he wo ields can also be ob ained.
This me hodology is been applied o daily Aqua MODIS Le el-3 chlo ophyll maps using MODIS SST
maps as empla e, o SMOS SSS using OSTIA SST as empla e, and o Aqua ius SSS using SSH om
AVISO as empla e. Resul ing SSS and Chl-a Le el 4 p oduc s con ain he mesoscale s uc u es seen
in SST and SSH maps, exhibi a signi ican educ ion o he unce ain y, and allow ex apola ion o
cloud-a ec ed a eas.
136 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
A new sea su ace heigh based code o mesoscale oceanic eddy acking
E an Mason1, Ananda Pascual1, James C. McWilliams2
1IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Spain
2UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
Abs ac
We p esen a so wa e ool ha enables he iden i ica ion and au oma ed acking o oceanic eddies ob-
se ed wi h sa elli e al ime y in use speci ied egions h oughou he global ocean. As inpu , he code
equi es sequen ial maps o sea le el anomalies such as p o ided by A chi ing, Valida ion and In e p e-
a ion o Sa elli e Oceanog aphic da a (AVISO). Ou pu s ake he o m o (i) da a iles con aining eddy
p ope ies including posi ion, adius, ampli ude, and azimu hal (geos ophic) speed; and (ii) sequen ial
image maps showing sea su ace heigh maps wi h ac i e eddy cen e s and acks o e layed. We show
esul s om a demons a ion in he Cana y Basin egion o he no heas A lan ic ha a e compa able
wi h a published global eddy ack da abase. Some disc epancies be ween he wo da ase s include eddy
adius magni ude, and he dis ibu ions o eddy bi hs and dea hs. The disc epancies may be ela ed o
di e ences in he eddy iden i ica ion me hods, and also possibly o di e ences in he smoo hing o he
sea su ace heigh maps. The code is w i en in Py hon, and is made eely a ailable unde a GNU license
a 3.
3h p://www.imedea.uib.es/use s/emason/py-eddy- acke
Thu sday, June 12 h 137
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
Wha d i es he sp eading pa e n o he Medi e anean Ou low Wa e (MOW) in he eas e n
Gul O Cadiz, SW Ibe ian Peninsula?
Rica do F. Sanchez-Leal, Ma ia Jesus Bellanco-Es eban, Jose Ca los Sanchez-Ga ido, Manuel
Ruiz-Villa eal, Cesa Gonzalez-Pola
Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Spain
Abs ac
The in e se es ua ine ci cula ion h ough he s ai o Gib al a is esponsible o he o e low o dense,
saline MOW owa ds he A lan ic basin. The classical iews di ide MOW dynamics in an ini ial descen
phase along he i s 100 km as an en aining g a i y unde cu en ollowed by a damped geos ophic
low phase. Wes o 8ºW i is seen as a mul i-laye ed, buoyan plume pa ked a dep hs anging 800-1300
m. Recen MB ba hyme y has e ealed a complex sea loo mo phology ha ques ions his classical
iew. Sinuous subma ine channels and sha p dep h alls a e expec ed o play a ele an ole in he
de ini ion o he NACW-MOW in e ace and he MOW sp eading pa e n. In his wo k we analyze mo e
han 4500 QCd CTD and 950 LADCP obse a ions aken in he eas e n Gul o C´
adiz o s udy o he
small-scale ea u es o he MOW sp eading pa e n as well as he seconda y ci cula ion associa ed wi h
sha p cu en bends. Da a show ha small-scale dep h alls, ab up channel u ns and cu en -subma ine
moun in e ac ion may b ing he MOW o high Rossby numbe si ua ions. Mos o hese may also d i e
he low o subc i ical and enhance la ge amoun s o mixing pas he ini ial plunging phase, which seems
non negligible as compa ed wi h idal s i ing, shea ins abili y and double di usion along he MOW
pa hway.
144 Thu sday, June 12 h

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ısica Espa˜
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P opaga ion o supe -ine ial wa es om submesoscale on s
Ma iona Cla e , Ami Tandon, and Amala Mahade an
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, USA
Abs ac
Wind-gene a ed ine ial mo ions a e s ongly modi ied by hei in e ac ion wi h submesoscale ocean
on s. Ve ical o ici y ζshi s he wa e equency om ine ial o nea -ine ial and g adien s in ζ
cause wa e packe s o p opaga e downwa ds. Wa e packe s gene a ed on he an icyclonic side o on s
a e subine ial and expe ience apping and ampli ica ion a c i ical laye s in he e ical. He e, we p o-
pose a new mechanism by which hese apped subine ial wa e packe s adia e ou om he on as
supe -ine ial wa es h ough wa e-wa e in e ac ions. Ou in e ences a e om he analyses o solu ions
o a non-hyd os a ic p ocess s udy ocean model o ced by a wind impulse ha ag ee well wi h obse -
a ions om he no h wall o he Gul S eam. The mechanism ha will be desc ibed can ha e majo
implica ions by explaining wa e ene gy ans e om he ocean su ace o dep h.
Thu sday, June 12 h 145
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014 O al Comunica ions
QG e ical mo ion om sa elli e and in si u obse a ions: Impac on Sou h Eas e n Paci ic ni-
a es dis ibu ion h ough a Lag angian simula ion
Ba cel´
o-Llull, B`
a ba a1,2, Mason, E an1, Pascual, Ananda1
1Medi e anean Ins i u e o Ad anced S udies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miguel Ma qu´
es 21, 07190 Es-
po les, Balea ic Island, Spain.
2Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
The objec i e o his s udy is o imp o e ou unde s anding o he in luuence o mesoscale e ical
exchanges on ecosys em dynamics. In pa icula , we aim o in es iga e he in luuence o e ical eloci y
on ocean ace dis ibu ions in he Sou h Equa o ial Paci ic. P e ious emo e sensing s udies in his
egion ha e e ealed ha chlo ophyll dis ibu ions wi hin mesoscale eddies a e cha ac e ised by dipole-
like pa e ns, wi h ex eme alues ound a he eddy pe iphe ies.
An obse a ions-based p oduc , ARMOR3D, is used o ob ain an es ima e o 3D cu en s. Ho izon al e-
loci ies a e de i ed om applica ion o he he mal wind equa ion o 3D ields o empe a u e and salini y
ob ained om he ARMOR3D eanalysis ha combines sa elli e (SST and al ime y) and in-si u (A go
p o iling loa s, XBT, CTD and moo ings) da a. Ve ical eloci ies a e es ima ed om quasi-geos ophic
(QG) dynamics by in eg a ing he QG Omega Equa ion wi h ARMOR3D ields. Finally, a Lag angian
pa icle acking model, o ced by he de i ed 3D cu en s, is used o s udy passi e ace dispe sion and
i s in luuence on he dis ibu ion o biochemical p ope ies such as ni a es. The Lag angian esul s show
ha he impac o e ical ad ec ion on ni a e dis ibu ion is non-negligible as hey accoun o abou
30% o he con ibu ion o ho izon al ad ec ion.
146 Thu sday, June 12 h
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ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Cha ac e iza ion o he ene gy cascade using high esolu ion mul ichannel seismic da a
Mojica, Jhon. F.1, Salla es, Valen i.1, Biescas, Be a.1,2, Klaeschen, Di k.3, Bo ns ein, Guille mo.1
1Ins i u o de Ciencias del Ma ICM-CSIC, Ba celona, Spain
2Dalhousie Uni e si y, Hali ax, Canada
3Geoma , Kiel, Ge many
Abs ac
We analyze mul ichannel seismic da a acqui ed a ound he he mocline (30 o 150 m deep) along p o iles
o 30 km using a high esolu ion sys em wi h a peak equency o 150 Hz. The la e al and e ical
esolu ion is 13 m and 2 m espec i ely, allows us o cha ac e ize he ene gy cascade o he Albo an Sea
wi h unp eceden ed la e al esolu ion.
The spec al analysis shows cha ac e is ics o h ee di e en p ocesses. A la ges ho izon al wa enum-
be s, (1 o 10 km−1), he spec al slope is -2.01 + 0.09 in ag eemen wi h ha desc ibed o in e nal
wa es, whe eas a he sho es wa enumbe s (32 o 70 km−1), we ob ain a slope o -1.54 ±0.56, which
co esponds o a u bulen spec a. In be ween, i can be dis inguished a hi d domain wi h slope o -2.89
+ 0.32 in he ange o [10.2 o 30.4 km−1]. The slope, he wa enumbe ange and he ac ha ou da a
was acqui ed in an a ea wi h signi ican ly s ong s a i ica ion and shea due o he cons an exchange
o A lan ic and Medi e anean wa e s, sugges ha his domain could be domina ed by he o ma ion o
Kel in-Helmhol z ins abili ies.
Thu sday, June 12 h 147
Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
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Ocean and Clima e Change - Ope a ional Oceanog aphy
ANALISIS DEL CAMBIO CLIM ´
ATICO EN LAS COSTAS ESPA ˜
NOLAS A LO LARGO DEL
SIGLO XXI
En ique ´
Al a ez Fanjul, Damia Gomis, E nes o Rod ´
ıguez Camino y los equipos de Vanimeda II
y Escena ios
1Pue os del Es ado, Spain
2Medi e anean Ins i u e o Ad anced S udies, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miguel Ma qu´
es 21, 07190 Es-
po les, Balea ic Island, Spain.
3Agencia Es a al de Me eo olog´
ıa, Spain.
Abs ac
Pue os del Es ado, Imedea, AEMET
Se p esen an los esul ados de los es udios de cambio clim´
a ico en las cos as espa˜
nolas ealizados a lo
la go de la ´
ul ima d´
ecada en los p oyec o Vanimeda , Vanimeda II y ESCENARIOS. En los mismos
se ha analizado, median e modelado num´
e ico, la e oluci´
on de las p incipales a iables ´
ısicas ma inas
(oleaje, ni el del ma , co ien es, empe a u a del agua y salinidad), as´
ı como de aquellas a iables
a mos ´
e icas con mayo incidencia en la din´
amica ma ina ( ien o, p esi´
on a mos ´
e ica y lujos de calo
y agua dulce). Pa a ello, se han ealizado in eg aciones de la go pe iodo con modelos es ado del a e:
WAM pa a oleaje, Ni ma pa a esiduo de ni el del ma , RCA pa a a m´
os e a y NEMO pa a Ni el del
ma , ci culaci´
on e hid og a ´
ıa. Los dominios de in eg aci´
on aba can el Ma Medi e ´
aneo y un sec o del
A l´
an ico NE que incluye odas las cos as espa˜
nolas. Es os c´
odigos han es ado anidados, en los casos
en que ha sido necesa io, a los esul ados de modelos globales gene ados po o as ins i uciones. Cabe
des aca que el empleo de modelos ba ocl´
ınicos idimensionales anidados y el an´
alisis ul e io de sus
da os ha eque ido un an´
alisis e´
o ico no edoso sob e los m´
e odos pa a ep oduci el ni el del ma con
es as he amien as y, m´
as conc e amen e, el impac o de los cambios en los lujos de masa en el ni el
o al. Apa e de las simulaciones ealizadas po el equipo, se han analizado los esul ados de modelos
simila es desa ollados po o as ins i uciones. El conjun o de da os ob enidos, as´
ı como los m´
e odos
desa ollados pa a su an´
alisis, ha pe mi ido ob ene una imagen consis en e y de al a esoluci´
on de la
e oluci´
on del cambio clim´
a ico en las cos as espa˜
nola. En e los esul ados m´
as impo an es que se
expond ´
an des aca un impo an e inc emen o del ni el del ma y de las empe a u as supe iciales del
agua, as´
ı como cambios meno es en el ´
egimen de oleaje. El impac o en la salinidad es ´
a condicionado,
undamen almen e, po los cambios de las condiciones de con o no de i adas del modelo global, que
a ´
ıan no ablemen e de una ejecuci´
on a o a. Los esul ados ob enidos son consis en es con los del
IPCC, pe o ienen la en aja de su al a esoluci´
on al es a ob enidos a pa i de modelos egionales y
no globales. En su conjun o, los escena ios ob enidos mues an la necesidad de desa olla pol´
ı icas de
adap aci´
on en nues as cos as.
148 Thu sday, June 12 h
O al Comunica ions Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
ıa F´
ısica Espa˜
nola 2014
Impac o he a mosphe ic clima e modes on wa e clima e in he No h A lan ic
Ad i´
an Ma ´
ınez-Asensio1, Michael N. Tsimplis2, Ma a Ma cos1, Xiangbo Feng2, Dami`
a Gomis1,
Gab iel Jo d`
a1,2and Simon Josey2
1IMEDEA(UIB-CSIC), Spain
2Na ional Oceanog aphy Cen e , Sou hamp on, UK
Abs ac
This s udy es ablishes he ela ionships be ween he mean modes o a mosphe ic a iabili y in he No h
A lan ic and p esen wa e clima e. The modes conside ed, namely he No h A lan ic Oscilla ion (NAO),
he Eas A lan ic pa e n (EA), he Eas A lan ic Wes e n Russian pa e n (EA/WR) and he Scandina ian
pa e n (SCAN), a e ob ained om he NOAA Clima e P edic ion Cen e. The wa e da a se s used con-
sis o buoy eco ds and wo high- esolu ion simula ions o signi ican wa e heigh (SWH), mean wa e
pe iod (MWP) and mean wa e di ec ion (MWD) o ced wi h ERA-40 (1958-2002) and ERA-INTERIM
(1989-2008) wind ields. The esul s show he win e impac o each mode on wa e pa ame e s which
a e discussed egionally. The NAO and EA pa e n inc ease win e SWH up o 1 m pe uni index a he
Sco ish and Spanish coas s, espec i ely, du ing hei posi i e phase; while EA pa e n causes clock-
wise changes o win e MWD up o mo e han 60 deg ees pe uni index a he Bay o Biscay du ing i s
nega i e phase. EA/WR and SCAN pa e ns ha e a weake impac .
Thu sday, June 12 h 149

Encuen o de la Oceanog a ´
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Ope a ional Oceanog aphy wi h he Spanish Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy (IEO) AGL buoy
D. Cano, C. Rod ´
ıguez and A. La ´
ın
Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de San ande , Spain
Abs ac
F om 1991, shel and slope wa e s o he Sou he n Bay o Biscay a e egula ly sampled in a mon hly hy-
d og aphical line no h o San ande o a maximum dep h o 1000m, as pa o he IEO Radiales p ojec .
F om 2003, a deep hyd ological s anda d sec ions (pa o he VACLAN p ojec ) is occupied wice a
yea ex ending he San ande sec ion 90 miles o sho e. Measu emen s include CTDO2, nu ien s and
cu en s om essel-moun ed ADCP and LADCP. The da a base in he a ea hold by IEO is comple-
men ed wi h a cu en me e s line moo ed in 2003 a 43º48’N, 3º 47’W sampling empe a u e, salini y
and cu en s a he co e o Cen al, Medi e anean and Lab ado Sea wa e .
On June 2007, an ocean-me eo ological Buoy was moo ed a he San ande Sec ion, 22 miles no h o
San ande a abou 2850m dep h, o comple e he ocean in o ma ion wi h he ocean-a mosphe e in e -
ac ion. The San ande sec ion and AGL Buoy da a highligh ha hea and sal show a qui e di e en
beha iou in e ms o hei balance in he uppe laye s o he Bay o Biscay.
A in e annual and seasonal ime scales empe a u e is mainly de e mined by he a mosphe ic o cing
while salini y is mo e closely linked o ad ec ion p ocesses.
Se e e s o ms happen e e y yea in he No h coas o Spain. I ce ain wea he and oceanic condi ions
ma ch, hey can be qui e des uc i e, bo h o ships and s uc u es on he sea and buildings, ca s, people
o ci y u ni u e on land.
Sys ems o me eo ological and oceanog aphic obse a ions a e undamen al ools o imp o e he p edic-
ion models and help o educe he impac o s o ms on ships, coas al s uc u es and people and imp o e
he secu i y a sea and along he coas . On No embe 2010 a se e e s o m ook place a he sou he n Bay
o Biscay causing impo an damage.
The ele an aspec s o his s o m will be s udied and compa ed wi h p e ious s o ms in Decembe 2007,
Ma ch 2008 and Janua y 2009, lea ing his las one a eco d wa e o 26.13m measu ed a he Augus o
Gonz´
alez de Lina es (AGL) buoy.
P oduc s de i ed om his buoy include bu no only annual cycles o mul iple a iables as well as
anomalous alues, bo h seasonal o p omp . Also mo e pa icula ones such as hea ai -sea luxes, salini y
and wa e empe a u es anomali ies, sub ine ial cu en s se ies, chlo ophyll su ace se ies, es ima es o
he mixed laye dep h and wind and cu en s oses.
150 Thu sday, June 12 h
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nola 2014
Towa ds an in eg a ed acquisi ion and managemen o he mosalinome e s con inuous da a eco ds
o he IEO ope a ed essels
E. Tel1, J. M. Cabanas2, A. Cab e o2, G. Gonz´
alez- Nue o2, A. La in3, M. Ruiz-Villa eal4, A.
Vilo ia3
1Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Se icios Cen ales, C/ Co az´
on de Ma ´
ıa 8, 28002, Mad id, Spain
2Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Fa o, 50-52, 36390,
Vigo, Spain
3Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de San ande , P omon o io San Ma ´
ın, s/n,
39004, San ande , Spain
4Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Co u˜
na, Pso F.Vazquez. A Co u˜
na, Spain
Abs ac
Along he las yea s, he Spanish Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy (IEO) has pe o med an impo an e o in
o de o g adually i ou hei esea ch essels wi h equipmen s and sys ems o con inuous da a eco d-
ing ha allow ge ing he maximum ad an age ou o he en i e ships ack. In pa icula , he mosali-
nome e s, hose egis e he seawa e sub- supe icial cha ac e is ics. This in o ma ion is sys ema ically
sen o he Da a en e o i s con ol, s o age and dissemina ion. A p esen , he IEO is doing an im-
po an and con inuous e o in au oma ing ou ines and o ocols in o de o assu e in nea eal- ime
he da a quali y and hei ee a ailabili y o ope a ional pu poses. In addi ion, esea ch ac i i ies in
he amewo k o RAIA p ojec on he no hwes Spanish coas a e de eloping new ou ines ha imply
new s eps in open da a access h ough THREDDS se e . Besides, delayed-mode quali y con ols a e
ealized on hem be o e i s de ini i e inco po a ion o he IEO oceanog aphic da abase which ul ils all
he in e na ional s anda ds, acco ding o he Eu opean p ojec SeaDa aNe .
The acqui ed da a om hese essels has allowed some p oduc s in speci ic a eas. 10 yea s o mon hly
essel acks on Can ab ia and As u ias coas al wa e s has been esul on a coas al empe a u e and
salini y a las o he a ea (Vilo ia, 2012) ha is eely a ailable. Ranges o coas al alues acco ding o
he season ha e been ounded based on his ime-se ies and maps o measu ed a iables o he co e ed
a ea ha e been d awn up and esul s a e s o ed in ne CDF CF-complian . Recen ly, his quali y con ol
me hodology has being applied o he whole da ase om R/V Na az ha ope a es on he Rias Bajas
coas al wa e s in o de o de elop simila p oduc s o he a ea.
Re e ences
Vilo ia, A (2012). A las Cos e o de Tempe a u a y Salinidad supe icial en el Can ´
ab ico. T abajo Fin de Mas e . Uni . Vigo.
Thu sday, June 12 h 151
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Ope a ional Oceanog aphy
Risk maps o oil spill acciden s in he Medi e anean Basin
J. A. Jim´
enez Mad id, An onio Ga c´
ıa-Oli a es & Emilio Ga c´
ıa-Ladona
Ins i u de Ci`
encies del Ma , CSIC, Ba celona
Abs ac
In case o an oil spill acciden he mos p essing issue is o know whe he he oil slick will each any
sho eline in he days ollowing he spill. Oil spill o ecas ing models a e s a e o a ools o answe his
ques ion and some o hem ha e been compiled in a single ool by he MEDESS-4MS p ojec .
Howe e , he p edic ion ho izon o o ecas ing models is abou 5-7 days, because his is he p edic ion
ho izon o me eo ological da a. I he 7-days o ecas ob ained om hose models does no ake he slick
o any sho eline, i is di icul o o eseen which a e he mos exposed coas al segmen s in he long e m
(1 mon h o 1 yea ), as pas acciden s (i.e., P es ige, Deepwa e Ho izon) ha e shown. In his si ua ion
he ini ial condi ion o ecas does no help au ho i ies o ake a as esponse, such as o b ing o no he
ship o a e uge po . To assess he au ho i ies and decision make s o selec an e icien esponse, i is
impo an o ha e s a is ical in o ma ion o he coas al segmen s ha a e mos exposed (in he scale o
mon hs) o spills coming om di e en sea posi ions.
In his wo k a Lag angian model o he e olu ion o oil slicks is p oposed and illus a ed wi h some
cases in he Medi e anean Basin. The Lag angian model makes use o da a o he sea su ace eloci ies
and wind s esses coming om NEMO (1/12º, daily) clima ological uns co e ing a ime pe iod anging
om Oc obe 1998 o No embe 2007. A se o coas al isk maps a e gene a ed, wi h equency o
beaching on he Medi e anean coas o oil spills aking place a selec ed poin s along main anke s
pa hs and a ma ine oil and gas pla o ms.
These isk maps will complemen he sho - e m (up o a week) o ecas ing made wi h he models in-
cluded in whiche e oil spill sys em, and hey oge he will cons i u e a ool able o imp o e he man-
agemen o eme gency si ua ions.
152 Thu sday, June 12 h
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A new ope a ional oil-spill mul i-model o ecas capabili y o he Medi e anean Basin: The
MEDESS-4MS Se ice
MG So illo1, D Con i2, A Ga c´
ıa-Oli a es3, D P´
e ez4, P Rod ´
ıguez-Rubio5, A Rie z6, E Pado no1,
A O ila2, E Ga c´
ıa-Ladona3, F de los San os5, E ´
Al a ez1
1Pue os del Es ado. A da. Pa en´
on, 10 28042 Mad id, Spain
2IMEDEA C/ Miquel Ma qu`
es, 21 07190 Espo les - Islas Balea es, Spain
3ICM-CSIC. Passeig Ma ´
ı im de la Ba celone a, 37-49. E-08003 Ba celona, Spain
4INNOVAMAR. C. Bas´
ılica, 17 28020 Mad id, Spain
5Au o idad Po ua ia Bah´
ıa de Algeci as, A da. de la Hispanidad, 2, 11207, Algeci as, Spain
6ASEMAR. C. F uela, 3 28011, Mad id, Spain
Abs ac
MEDESS-4MS is an EU MED-P og am p ojec dedica ed o he p e en ion o isks and s eng hening
ma i ime secu i y in ela ion o oil spills in he Medi e anean. I s main goal is o build an ope a ional ool
ha in eg a es di e en exis ing oil spill models and me -ocean da a p o ided by di e en ope a ional
o ecas se ices.
The p esen con ibu ion shows he Medi e anean MEDESS-4MS mul i model oil spill p edic ion se -
ice. The MEDESS-4MS se ice is based on a complex in e connec ed ne wo k o da a eposi o ies
ha a chi es and p o ides access o all a ailable en i onmen al and oil spill da a. I is connec ed o es-
ablished se ices, bo h a Eu opean (MyOcean Ma ine Co e se ice) and a na ional and egional le el
(ocean o ecas ing sys ems). Likewise, he se ice will be connec ed o exis ing moni o ing pla o ms
(i.e. EMSA-CSN, AIS). The Use In e ace o he in eg a ed sys em is h ough a unique access web po -
al wi h di e en unc ionali ies and use p o iles, mul i-model da a access and in e ac i e capabili ies.
23 pa ne s om 7 Medi e anean coun ies a e collabo a ing in building his MEDESS-4MS se ice.
Rela ed o he Spanish con ibu ion, Pue os del Es ado (PdE) plays he ole o egional ocal poin o
dissemina ion and p omo ion o he MEDESS-4MS ool in he wes e n Medi e anean. Fu he mo e,
PdE is one o he 5 oil spill o ecas se ice p o ide , and esponsible o de eloping and main aining
he oil spill se ice capabili ies. PdE and IMEDEA-CSIC a e bo h ocean-me da a p o ide s, and bo h
oge he wi h ICM-CSIC esponsible o de eloping asks o he scien i ic alida ion o he se ice.
Mo eo e , ICM-CSIC and INNOVAMAR a e pa icipa ing in da a collec ion o essel a ic cha ac-
e is ics and loca ion o esponse equipmen and en i onmen al cha ac e iza ion o he a ea, o u he
analysis and inclusion o his in o ma ion in isk analysis p ocedu es. The esul s o hese analyzes, in
he o m o maps o ulne abili y and po en ial isk, will be e y use ul o he MEDESS-4MS ool.
Finally, he Po Au ho i y o Bahia de Algeci as (APBA) included in he MEDESS-4MS pa ne ship,
plays a key ole as a ge ed end-use , ocusing hei wo ks on de eloping po managemen ools om
he MEDESS - 4MS Sys em and i s de i ed p oduc s and se ices.
In o de o alida e he model componen s and es he MEDES-4MS se ice unc ionali ies di e en
ocean measu ing campaigns (named “Se ious Games”, a e he MEDESS-4MS e minology used o
hese campaigns) a e being o ganized. In Spanish wa e s, he i s Se ious Game was o ganized by
IMEDEA in Sep embe 2013 in he Balea ic Sea. A second Se ious Game is being o ganized o be
de eloped o e he Gib al a S ai a ea. In his exe cise, he Spanish MEDESS-4MS pa ne s will coun
wi h he aluable suppo o SASEMAR.
The a ailabili y and combina ion o me -ocean ope a ional p oduc s oge he wi h oil-spill and ans-
po models ou pu s and obse a ions om speci ic measu ing campaigns makes o his MEDESS-4MS
scien i ic calib a ion/ alida ion amewo k, no only an use ul (and equi ed) p ocedu e o e alua e eli-
Thu sday, June 12 h 153
Sala Je ´
onimo Saa ed a O al Comunica ions
Labo a o y cul u e o Caespi ella pasce i (BEA 0149) and Euglena sp. (BEA 0937), s ains wi h
po en ial use in Aquacul u e
A.C. Pe˜
nuela Mendoza, C. P´
e ez Reyes, J.L. G´
omez Pinche i
1Banco Espa˜
nol de Algas (BEA), Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Uni e sidad de
Las Palmas de G.C., Muelle de Talia e s/n, 35214 Telde, Cana y Islands, Spain
Abs ac
Caespi ella pasce i (BEA 0149; Chlo ophyceae) and Euglena sp. (BEA 0937, Euglenophyceae) we e
cul i a ed a labo a o y scale o es g ow h, physiological cha ac e iza ion and bio echnological po en-
ial. A he s a iona y phase, biomass was ha es ed, eeze d ied and hen ex ac ed o ob ain h ee
di e en ac ions in me hanol, n-hexane and wa e , wi h he objec i e o de e mine he p esence o
compounds wi h po en ial an ibio ic ac i i y agains ish pa hogenic bac e ia. Assays wi h Lis onella
anguilla um and Pho obac e ium sp. we e pe o med using he disk di usion me hod. Inhibi ion zones
we e obse ed o he o ganic ex ac s om Caespi ella pasce i agains bo h, Lis onella anguilla um
and Pho obac e ium sp., while aqueous ex ac s om his s ain did no show any ac i i y. Rega d-
ing he ex ac s om Euglena sp., only aqueous and me hanolic ex ac s p esen ed inhibi ion ac i i y
agains Pho obac e ium sp. and no ac i i y agains Lis onella anguilla um. Resul s show ha bo h
s ains, Caspi ella pasce i and Euglena sp., migh be use ul o a oid and/o ea in ec ions caused by
ish pa hogenic bac e ia.
256 F iday, June 13 h

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
1 Wednesday, June 11 h
Gene al Topics
A lan ic Socie y o Oceanog aphe s - Sociedad A l´
an ica de Ocean´
og a os
Sociedad A l´
an ica de Ocean´
og a os
Abs ac
Wha is he A lan ic Socie y o Oceanog aphe s?
The A lan ic Socie y o Oceanog aphe s (SAO) was ounded in 2012 and based in Las Palmas de G an
Cana ia, aims o p omo e p o essionals and companies who de elop hei wo k in di e en ields and
sub-disciplines ela ed o he Ma ine Sciences, such as:
-Oceanog aphy (Physics, Chemis y, Biology and Geology)
-Ma icul u e
-Fishe ies
-En i onmen al Managemen , Coas al and Li o al (ICZM-LOICZM)
-Ma ine Technology and S uc u es
-En i onmen al Educa ion
*Wha a e SAO´s goals?
-De elop s a egies in o de o p ese ing and p o ec ing he oceans.
-P omo e oceanic scien i ic esea ch.
-Ac as mee ing poin be ween p o essionals and companies ha ocus hei ac i i ies on Ma ine Sci-
ences.
-Iden i y new lines jobs, business and R&D + inno a ion.
-P omo e sus ainable de elopmen models.
-Gene a e p og ams and aining ac i i ies, sp ead in o ma ion as well as educa ion, and en i onmen al
awa eness.
*Wha conc e e ac ions ha e aimed a de eloping SAO?
-Con e ence on en i onmen al educa ion and science.
-Ma ine Biodi e si y Week, om 7 h o 14 h Oc obe 2013, o al communica ions on a ious opics (kelo-
nia, ma ine mammals, ma ine seaweed, sha ks, ishe y ac i i ies , sea algae,...) had been a he same ime
ca ied ou in 5 di e en locali ies on G an Cana ia (Gu´
ıa, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Telde, A inaga
257
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
and Mog´
an), b inging science and socie y close oge he and showing “s a e o he a ” abou main Ma-
ine Sciences p o essionals ieldwo ks.
-Signa u e o Join ed Ag eemen abou P o ec ed Ma ine Mic o A eas P oyec , managed by he company
Oceanog ´
a ica Di ulgaci´
on, Educaci´
on y Ciencia, S.L. and SAO, o a pe iod o 5 yea s.
-The SAO Awa ds ce emony: aking place on 15 h No embe 2013 he SAO awa ds, known as The
Oceanos, we e gi en in h ee me i ca ego ies o D . F ancisco Rubio Royo (Ca ego y o Indi idual),
Spanish Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy (IEO) (Ca ego y o Ins i u ion/ Company) and he Fishe men’s Asso-
cia ion o El Hie o (Ca ego y o Collec i e).
-P o essional mee ings.
-Dissemina ion and aining sessions aimed a s uden s o Ma ine Sciences.
Con ac us and become a membe a : h p://www.sociedada lan icadeoceanog a os.o g/
258 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Ciencia Compa ida
Biblio eca de la ULPGC (Ciencias B´
asicas). Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma
Abs ac
Ciencia Compa ida is he name o he weekly semina s ha occu e e y uesday in he Sala de G ado
o ou Ma ine Science Facul y. This 30 minu es alks ha e a wide spec a o speake s: PhD and Mas e
s uden s, eache s, p o esso s, scien i ic people om ou uni e si y o isi o s, en ep eneu s, ecologis s,
o managemen people ela ed wi h he ocean en i onmen .
The semina s a e eco ded and b oadcas ed in less han 48 hou s h ough ACCEDA18, he Uni e si y
Lib a y you ube channel19, Pin e es 20 and Facebook.
How o pa icipa e? w i e us a [email p o ec ed]
We’ll be willing o hea om you!!
18acceda.ulpgc.es
19www.you ube.com/use /Biblio ecaULPGC
20h p://www.pin e es .com/bulpgc/ciencia-compa ida/
Wednesday, June 11 h 259
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Biodi e si y
A molecula pe spec i e o he Lau encia Complex (Ce amiales, Rhodophy a) in Maca onesia e-
gion
Mach´
ın-S´
anchez M.1, He n´
andez-Fe e M.2, Le Gall L.3, Rousseau F.3, Ne o A.I.4, Cassano V.5,
Sen ´
ıes A.6, Fujii M.7, D´
ıaz-La ea J.6, Gil-Rod ´
ıguez M.C.1
1Bo any, Depa men o Vege al Biology, Uni e si y o La Laguna, 38071 Cana y Islands, Spain
2Depa men o Gene ic, Uni e si y o La Laguna, Ins i u e o T opical Diseases and Public Heal h o
he Cana y Islands, 38071 Cana y Islands, Spain
3UMR 7205 - ISYEB CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Mus´
eum Na ional d’His oi e Na u elle, 75231 cedex
05 Pa is, F ance
4CIRN, Biologia, Uni e sidade dos Ac¸o es, Rua da M˜
ae de Deus Apa ado 1422, 9501-801 Pon a Del-
gada (Ac¸o es), and Cen o In e disciplina de In es igac¸ ˜
ao Ma inha e Ambien al (CIIMAR), Rua dos
B agas 289, 4050-123 Po o, Po ugal
5Depa men o Bo any, Ins i u e o Biosciences, Uni e si y o S˜
ao Paulo, S˜
ao Paulo 05508-090, B azil
6Depa men o Hyd obiology, Me opoli an Uni e si y Iz apalapa, a. p. 55-535, M´
exico, D.F. 09340,
M´
exico
7Ins i u e o Bo any, Phycological Resea ch Nucleous, A . Miguel Es ´
e ano 3687, 04301-012 S˜
ao Paulo,
B azil
Abs ac
In he p esen s udy, we unde ook an in eg a i e app oach, using molecula da a o assess he di e si y o
he Lau encia complex in Maca onesian islands (Azo es, Madei a and Cana y Islands) whe e specia ion
e en s a e supposedly common leading o a high endemism.
Iden i ica ion o species o he Lau encia complex based on ana omical and mo phological cha ac e s
is ex emely di icul due o pheno ypic plas ici y and o e laps in many mo phological cha ac e s. As
a consequence, among he 28 species epo ed so a om hese Maca onesian a chipelagos, 14 species
eco ds ha e been ega ded as doub ul.
We used DNA ba code da a (mi ochond ial COI gene and pa ial nuclea LSU ma ke ) as a ool o
species delimi a ion. A hi d ma ke ( bcL gene) was also s udied and phylogene ic analyses we e ca -
ied ou using he h ee independen ma ke s as well as he combined da a se , in he aim o in e he
phylogene ic ela ionships and biogeog aphic a ini ies o membe s o he complex om Maca onesia.
Ou esul s p o ed he use ulness o he DNA ba code ma ke s o unco e ing se e al pu a i e new
species o he Lau encia complex in Maca onesia and phylogene ic esul s e ealed he exis ence o a
po en ial new genus p esen in Cana y Islands, which adds o he six p e-exis ing gene a: Lau encia,
Osmundea, Chond ophycus, Palisada, Yuzu ua and Lau enciella.
260 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Decapod assemblages in deep Mau i anian wa e s
Sa a Cas illo1,2, Susana S. de Ma os-Pi a1, F an Ramil1and Ana Ramos2
1Facul ade de Ciencias do Ma , Uni e sidade de Vigo
2Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Cen o oceanog ´
a ico de Vigo
Abs ac
C us acean decapods a e amongs he dominan g oups o megaben hic in e eb a es in he A lan ic
con inen al shel and slope. Al hough s udies on Wes A ican decapod auna a e nume ous, knowledge
on hei communi ies is sca ce and ocussed in Namibian (Macphe son, 1991), Sou h A ican (Kensley,
2006) and Guinea-Bissauan (Mu˜
noz e al. 2012) wa e s. Howe e , no hing is cu en ly known on he
s uc u e and composi ion o he c us acean decapod assemblages o Mau i ania.
Be ween 2007 and 2010 he Spanish Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy (IEO) ca ied ou ou annual mul i-
disciplina y su eys o one mon h’s du a ion in Mau i anian wa e s, om Cape Blanc o he Senegal
Ri e . Conduc ed in collabo a ion wi h he Mau i anian Ins i u e o Oceanog aphic Resea ch and Fish-
e ies (IMROP) and he Uni e si y o Vigo (Spain), hese su eys we e pa o a la ge p og amme
(ECOAFRIK) ocussing on he s udy o he biodi e si y o A ican ben hic ecosys ems. Mau i -0911
and Mau i -1011 su eys sampled i e ansec s pe pendicula o he coas a i e ba hyme ic s a a
using an Agassiz awl.
We iden i ied a o al o 77 decapod species belonging o 36 amilies. B achyu a was he iches g oup,
wi h 28 species, ollowed by Ca idea (21 spp.), Anomu a (14 spp.), Dend ob anchya a (10 spp.) and
Mac u a Rep an ia (6 spp.). The mos di e se amilies we e Pagu idae, Pandalidae, Inachidae and
Pasiphaeidae (wi h 6-5 spp. each).
We de ined ou ba hyme ic main assemblages: con inen al shel (<150 m), b eak shel and uppe slope
(150–300 m), middle slope (500 m) and deep slope (1000–1500 m).
Mean species ichness dec eased wi h dep h om deep shel o slope (16 o 4 species), while he highes
abundance and biomass we e ound in he b eak shel and uppe slope. Al hough he Pielou’s e enness
index peaked in he deepes s a a (>500 m), no clea pa e n was obse ed o he Shannon- Wiene
di e si y index. The maximum simila i y alue (47.6%) co esponded o he shel assemblage due o
he abundance o h ee b achyu an species: Calappa pelii,Inachus angolensis and Solenolamb us noo -
dendei. As expec ed, absolu e dissimila i y (100%) was ound be ween he shel and deep slope assem-
blages.
Iden i ying he main ea u es (dis ibu ion, s uc u e and composi ion) o he decapods’communi ies is a
key issue o assess he e ec s o he awling p essu e on hem in Mau i anian ishing g ounds.
Re e ences
Kensley, B. (2006) Pelagic sh imp (C us acea: Decapoda) om he shel and oceanic wa e s in he sou heas e n A lan ic Ocean o Sou h
A ica. P oceed. Biol. Soc. Washing on, 119: 384–394.
Macphe son, E. (1991) Biogeog aphy and communi y s uc u e o he decapod c us acean auna o Namibia (Sou heas A lan ic). Jou n.
C us . Biol., 11: 401–415.
Mu˜
noz, I., Ga c´
ıa-Isa ch, E., Sob ino, I., Bu gos, C., Funny, R. and Gonz´
alez-Po o, M. (2012) Dis ibu ion, abundance and assemblages
o decapod c us aceans in wa e s o Guinea-Bissau (no h-wes A ica). Jou n. Ma . Biol. Ass. UK, 92(3): 475-494.
Wednesday, June 11 h 261

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Bio echnology
The b own mac oalgae Cys osei a abies-ma ina as a na u al sou ce o D-(+)-manni ol
Toledo Ma an e F.J.1, P´
e ez Rocha A.1, B a o de Laguna I.H.1, Mioso R.2
1Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia (ULPGC, Spain), G upo de Tecnolog´
ıa Qu´
ımica y Desa -
ollo Sos enible
2Uni e sidade Fede al da Pa aiba (UFPB, B azil), Cen o de Bio ecnolog´
ıa (CBIOTEC)
Abs ac
Cys osei a abies ma ina is a b own mac oalgae ha inhabi s he coas o he Cana y Islands and has
caugh ou a en ion by ou Cana y islands Indus ial De elopmen P ojec (DISCAN-2007), due o i s
po en ial as a na u al sou ce o high added- alue p oduc s om ma ine o igin. The li e a u e indica ed
he p esence in hei o ganic ex ac s o high con en o polyunsa u a ed a y acids 16:3 and 16:4 (w-
3), monogalac osyldiacylglyce ols, iacylglyce ols, phospholipids, s e ols (mainly ucos e ol), me o e -
penes, and sul a ed polysaccha ides o di e en molecula weigh s and sul a e con en s which exhibi
po en an icoagulan ac i i y. Wi h his backg ound, i was decided o imp o e he knowledge abou he
na u al p oduc chemis y o his in e es ing seaweed.
F esh seaweed biomass o C. abies ma ina was submi ed o Soxhle ex ac ion wi h ace one ollowed
by concen a ion on a o a y e apo a o . The c ude ex ac upon e apo a ion a o ded a da k-b own
sy up. Column ch oma og aphy was ca ied ou elu ing wi h n-hexane/ e hyl ace a e ough successi e
inc easing amoun s o he las sol en . The ac ions we e moni o ed by hin laye ch oma og aphy
(TLC) and joined by simila i y. Finally, wo ac ions we e isola ed acco ding o hei ch oma og aphy
beha iou : one pola , and o he non-pola ha we e analyzed and cha ac e ized.
The so-called ”non-pola ac ion” was ound o be composed o alkanes and a y acids as e ealed
by NMR spec oscopy. The ”pola ac ion” (∼2.2% on a we weigh ) was ound o be o med by D-
(+)-manni ol, which was ec ys allized om ace one: m.p. 165-166ºC: [α]D20ºC = + 0.32º (c= 2.185,
wa e ). The ace yla ed de i a i e c ys allized in he o m o anspa en hexagonal c ys als, and i s mix
mel ing poin (wi h au hen ic manni ol ace a e) ga e 123-124ºC which is consis en wi h he li e a u e
da a. The op ical o a ion also ag eed wi h he li e a u e alue: [α]D20ºC = + 23.32º (c= 1.90, chlo o-
o m).
As conclusion, Cys ocei a abies ma ina o e s a g ea po en ial na u al sou ce o D-(+)-manni ol, an
impo an monosaccha ide used in he pha maceu ical indus ies and nu aceu ical companies.
262 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Iden i ica ion o he conse ed mo i s in he 5’UTR o he O ni hine Deca boxylase gene in ol ed
in ep oduc ion o ed seaweeds
Mon e o-Fe n´
andez, M., Robaina, R.R. & Ga c´
ıa-Jim´
enez, P.
Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa. Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma . Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia.
35017 Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. Cana y Islands. Spain.
Abs ac
Red seaweeds a e o ganisms commonly ound wo ldwide which ep esen an impo an economical
esou ce. As i s ele ance in he nou ishmen and nu aceu ical indus ies has been inc easing o e he
yea s, he employmen o bio echnology o molecula in es iga ion has became a powe ul ool. The
o ni hine deca boxylase (OC, EC 4.1.1.17) is a key enzyme in cha ge o he polyamines syn hesis ha
has been ex ensi ely ela ed o he ep oduc ion o ed seaweeds, mainly in ol ed in ma u a ion o he
cys oca ps and spo es elease. By cloning he ODC gene, he s udy o di e en exp ession pa e ns in
e ile and un e ile halli has been a o ed (1). Fu he mo e, he cha ac e iza ion o he lanking a ea
(5’UTR) o his gene would allow e ealing hose mo i s in ol ed in he up and down-exp ession o his
gene. In his con ex , by using he in e se Polyme ase Chain Reac ion (iPCR), he comple e s uc u e
o his gene is being elucida ed. Ini ially, om he coding pa ial sequence (1), he 5 lanking egion (5’
UTR) o his gene has been de e mined by ch omosome walking. Mo eo e , conse ed mo i s ha e been
iden i ied acco ding o di e en da abases such as JASPAR Co e, RBPDB, among o he s. These mo i s
ha e been mainly ela ed o ansc ip ion ac o s egula ed by e hylene, jasmonic acid and ligh (2, 3).
The cha ac e iza ion and iden i ica ion o hese egions allows ob aining a be e knowledge o he com-
ple e gene ‘machine y’ and consequen ly, designing exp ession ‘ ec o s’ ha inco po a e in i o new
mo i s o o e exp ess o silence he gene. These esul ing casse es o ec o s could be used o s udy
gene ic ans o ma ions in mul iple sys ems, bo h he e ologous and homologous.
Re e ences
1. Ga c´
ıa-Jim´
enez, P., Ga c´
ıa-Ma o o, F., Ga ido-C´
a denas, J.A., Fe ´
andiz, C. & Robaina, R. R. 2009. Di e en ial exp ession o he
o ni hine deca boxylase gene du ing ca pospo ogenesis in he hallus o he ed seaweed G a eloupia imb ica a (Halymeniaceae). J.Plan
Physiol. 166:1745-1754.
2. Ga c´
ıa-Jim´
enez, P. & Robaina, R.R. 2012. E ec s o e hylene on e aspo ogenesis in P e ocladiella capillacea (Rhodophy a). J. Phycol.
48: 710-715.
3. Ga c´
ıa-Jim´
enez, P., B i o-Romano, O. & Robaina, R.R. 2013. P oduc ion o ola iles by he ed seaweed Gelidium a buscula
(Rhodophy a): emission o e hylene and dime hyl sul ide. J. Phycol. 49 (4): 661–669.
Wednesday, June 11 h 263
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
A Pa allel Fu u e o Ocean Resea ch?
May G´
omez, Ico Ma ´
ınez, Ted Packa d
BIOCEANSolu ions S.L., Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Cana y Islands, Spain
Abs ac
Today, science is di icul o pu sue because unding is so enuous. In such a inancial clima e, e-
sea che s need o conside pa allel al e na i es o ensu e ha scien i ic esea ch can con inue. Based on
his hinking, we c ea ed BIOCEANSolu ions, a company bo n o a esea ch g oup.
A g ea a ie y o en i onmen al egula ions and s anda ds ha e eme ged o e ecen yea s wi h he
pu pose o p o ec ing na u al ecosys ems. These ha e enabled us o link ou esea ch o he ma ke o
en i onmen al managemen . Ma ine ac i i ies can al e en i onmen al condi ions, esul ing in changes
in physiological s a es, species di e si y, abundance, and biomass in he local biological communi ies.
In his way, we can apply ou knowledge, o plank on ecophysiology and biochemical oceanog aphy.
We measu e enzyme ac i i ies as bio-indica o s o ene gy me abolism and o he physiological a es and
biologic-oceanog aphic p ocesses in ma ine o ganisms. This in o ma ion p o ides insigh in o he heal h
o ma ine communi ies, he s ess le els o indi idual o ganisms, and po en ial anomalies ha may be
a ec ing hem. In he p ocess o e i ying s anda ds and complying wi h egula ions, we can apply ou
analy ic capabili y and knowledge. The main analyses ha we o e a e: (1) he ac i i y o he elec on
anspo sys em (ETS) o po en ial espi a ion (Φ), (2) he physiological measu emen o espi a ion
(oxygen consump ion), (3) he ac i i y o Isoci a e dehyd ogenase (IDH), (4) he espi a o y CO2p o-
duc ion, and (5) he ac i i y o Glu ama e dehyd ogenase (GDH) and (6) he physiological measu emen
o ammonium exc e ion.
In addi ion, ou expe ience in a p oduc i e esea ch g oup allows us o pu sue and de elop echnical-
expe imen al ac i i ies such as ma ine and eshwa e aquacul u e, oceanog aphic ield sampling, as
well as p o iding guidance, counseling, and academic se ices.
In summa y, his new company will pe mi us o c ea e a symbiosis be ween public and p i a e sec o s
ha se e clien s and will allow us o g ow and expand as a esea ch eam.
264 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
De e mina ion o polyphenols and an ioxidan ac i i y o monoclonal cul u es o ma ine mic oal-
gae and cyanobac e ia.
Idai a Je ez Ma el, A gimi o Ri e o Rosales, Miguel Su´
a ez de Tangil Na a o, Juan Luis G´
omez
Pinche i
Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
Abs ac
Nowhe e on Ea h exis s a biological di e si y as la ge as in he oceans, p o iding abundan esou ces o
esea ch and de elopmen . The special geoclima ic condi ions in he Cana y Islands, wi h high sola a-
dia ion, ep esen a challenge o ma ine pho osyn he ic me abolism, a o ing he de elopmen o s a e-
gies o he p e en ion o cellula damage. I has been ound ha he p esence o phenolic de i a i es,
especially polyphenols, e ec i ely p e en s he de elopmen o oxida i e p ocesses (1). Polyphenols
neu alize ee adicals ha a e na u ally o med, and which a e ini ia o s o cellula oxida i e p ocesses.
In his ega d, single-celled o ganisms such as ma ine mic oalgae and cyanobac e ia, o e a high po-
en iali y in e ms o ob aining new compounds due o hei ela i e ease o con olled cul i a ion in
labo a o y. Al hough ma ine mac oalgae ha e ecei ed conside able a en ion in ecen yea s, mic oo -
ganisms emain enough absen in hese s udies.
In his wo k, we p opose a s udy on he po en iali y o cul i a ing mic oalgae and cyanobac e ia o he
p oduc ion o na u al an ioxidan s. Fo his, we ha e analyzed i e monoclonal samples o mic oalgae
and cyanobac e ia om ma ine wa e s o he Cana y Islands and cul i a ed in he labo a o y unde di -
e en condi ions. These samples we e isola ed, g own and ha es ed by he Cen o de Bio ecnolog´
ıa
Ma ina (Cen e o Ma ine Bio echnology) and o m pa o he collec ion o he Banco Espa˜
nol de
Algas (Spanish Bank o Algae).
The polyphenol con en analysis was pe o med using he Folin-Ciocal eu eagen (2) widely used in
such ials. In o de o de e mine he an ioxidan ac i i y o he polyphenols p oduced by hese mic oo -
ganisms, he ex ac s we e subjec ed o ials o neu aliza ion o adical DPPH (REF).
The esul s p esen ed show he po en iali y o he cul u e o ma ine o ganisms o ob aining new an iox-
idan sys ems.
Re e ences
(1) Fe azzano, G.F., Ama o, I., Ingeni o, A., Za elli, A., Pin o, G. & Pollio, A. (2011). Plan polyphenols and hei an i-ca iogenic p op-
e ies: a e iew. Molecules, 16, 1486-1507
(2) Single on, V.L., O ho e , R. & Lamuela-Ra en os, R.M. (1999). Analysis o o al phenols and o he oxida ion subs a es and an ioxi-
dan s by means o Folin-Ciocal eu eagen . Me hods in Enzymology, 299, 152-178
(3) Chu, Y., Chang, Z.L. & Hsu, H.F. (2000). Fla onoid con en o se e al ege ables and hei an ioxidan ac i i y. Jou nal o he Science
and Food Ag icul u e, 80, 561-56
Wednesday, June 11 h 265
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Biological Oceanog aphy
Clima e and s a ig aphic paleoindica o s om he Cana y Islands
J.F. Be anco , A. Lomoschi z , J. Coca, A. Redondo, M. Mon esinos, A. J. G. Ramos, J. Meco.
Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
The las 5 million yea s a e cha ac e ized by global clima e changes and a e e lec ed in h ee ancien
ossili e ous ma ine deposi s isible in he Cana y Islands. In his wo k he e a e conside ed h ee main
deposi s which include cha ac e is ic g oups o ossil auna ha a e p oposed o be paleoecological and
paleoclima e indica o s.
The Mio-Pliocene ansi is ep esen ed by he co al Side as ea micoenica Osasco, 1897; he gas opods
Ro hple zia udis a Simonelli, 1890; Ancilla glandi o mis (Lama ck, 1822); S ombus co ona us De-
ance, 1827 and Ne i a emiliana Maye , 1872 and he bi al e G yphaea i le i Deshayes, 1832. These
a e he mos cha ac e is ic ossils and ypical o a e y wa m clima e and li o al zone. Associa ed la a
lows ha e been adiome ically da ed and p o ide a ange be ween 8.9 and abou 4.1 Ma.
In he Middle Pleis ocene a s ong global wa ming caused a sea le el ise (Ma ine Iso ope S age 11).
Fossil emains o MIS 11 a e p ese ed on he coas o A ucas (G an Cana ia Is.) and in a sunami deposi
a Pied a Al a (Lanza o e Is.). These ossili e ous deposi s con ain he bi al e Saccos ea cuculla a
(Bo n, 1780), he gas opod Pu pu ellus gambiensis (Ree e, 1845) and he co als Mad acis pha ensis
(Helle , 1868) and Dend ophyllia co nige a (Lama ck, 1816). The o me was da ed by K-A me hod
on pillow la as (ci ca 420,000 yea s) and he la e by U anium Se ies me hod on co als (ci ca 481,000
yea s).
The Uppe Pleis ocene s a ed wi h ano he s ong global wa ming, known as he Las In e glacial o
MIS 5.5, ci ca 125,000 yea s ago. Ma ine ossil deposi s o his s age a e p esen Igues e de San And ´
es
(Tene i e Is.); El Al illo, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia down own and Maspalomas (G an Cana ia Is.);
Ma as Blancas; Las Playi as and Mo o Jable (Fue e en u a Is.) and in Playa Blanca and Pun a Penedo
(Lanza o e Is.). The main auna o hese si es a e: he co al Side as ea adians (Pallas, 1766), cu en ly
li ing in he Cape Ve de a chipelago, he Gul o Guinea and he Ca ibbean. The gas opods S ombus
bubonius Lama ck, 1822 and Ha pa do is (R¨
oding, 1798), cu en ly li ing in he Gul o Guinea.
We also ha e s udy he p esen bio-oceanog aphic condi ions o he a eas whe e a e cu en ly li ing
hese species. We ha e managed a iables such as he Sea Su ace Tempe a u e (SST) and he concen-
a ion o Chlo ophyll-a pigmen (Chl-a). These pa ame e s ha e been collec ed by emo e senso s and
p ocessed by he SEASCana ias. They ha e allowed us he es ima ion o he ma ine condi ions du ing
he Pleis ocene in e glacials.
Keywo ds: Paleoindica o s, Neogene, M.I.S. 11, M.I.S. 5.5, SST, Chl-a.
272 Wednesday, June 11 h

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Tempo al a ia ion o he Capi ellidae (Annelida: Polychae a) in ine sedimen s o R´
ıa de Ald´
an
(Galicia, NW Ibe ian Peninsula)
Fe nando Anei os1, Juan Mo ei a2, Jes´
us S. T oncoso1
1Depa amen o de Ecolog´
ıa y Biolog´
ıa Animal; Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma ; Uni e sidade de Vigo.
Campus Uni e si a io Lagoas-Ma cosende, 36310, Vigo (Pon e ed a), Spain
2Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa (Zoolog´
ıa); Facul ad de Biolog´
ıa; Uni e sidad Au ´
onoma de Mad id. C/
Da win 2, 28049, Can oblanco (Mad id), Spain
Abs ac
Capi ellids a e seden a y, bu owing, deposi - eeding polychae es commonly ound in di e en g ades
o ine sedimen s. Some species a e oppo unis ic and show highly ola ile li e cycles, colonizing sed-
imen s apidly a e elimina ion o po en ial compe i o s by pe u ba ions such as hose due o o ganic
en ichmen o he sedimen . The R´
ıa de Ald´
an is loca ed a he SW o he R´
ıa de Pon e ed a, in he NW
o he Ibe ian Peninsula, which is he no he n limi o he eas e n bounda y upwelling sys em o he
No h A lan ic. Two a eas a e s udied in his wo k: an 18m-dep h muddy sand bo om in he wes e ly
pa o he ´
ıa, and a 17m-dep h o ganically en iched muddy bo om in i s inne mos pa . Fi e eplica e
samples we e aken mon hly a each si e om May 1998 o May 1999 by means o a Van-Veen g ab
wi h an ope a ing su ace o 0.056 m2. An addi ional sample was aken o measu e g ain size and bo h
ca bona e and o al o ganic ma e (TOM) con en s o he sedimen .
A o al o 2124 indi iduals we e ound, belonging o 3 species, all o hem p esen a bo h si es, hough
unequally dis ibu ed. Capi ella capi a a (Fab icius, 1780) was mos ly ound a he muddy sand bo -
om, al hough he highes abundance o i was ound in Janua y 1999 a he muddy bo om. No omas us
la e iceus Sa s, 1851 was mo e abundan a he muddy si e, while he opposi e was ound o He e o-
mas us ili o mis (Clapa `
ede, 1864), which was he mos abundan species a bo h si es. The highes
abundance alues we e eco ded in July 1998 a he muddy bo om, when he sedimen ound he e was
much coa se han usual, wi hou a signi ican educ ion in i s TOM con en . These ac s, combined
wi h he esul s o co ela ion analyses be ween he empo al a ia ion o he Capi ellidae and ha o
he cha ac e is ics o he sedimen a each si e, sugges ha con en o ine sand in he sedimen may
a ec abundance o capi ellids, hough TOM con en may also be ele an . Howe e , he oppo unis ic
beha iou o hese o ganisms, especially C. capi a a, may o e a be e explana ion o some o he
empo al pa e ns obse ed. This would be he case o he abundance peaks obse ed in he muddy si e,
which would e lec an oppo unis ic colonisa ion a e a pe u ba ion in he sedimen . Such pe u ba ions
a e, in ac , obse ed in he sedimen ea u es coinciding wi h he abundance peaks.
Wednesday, June 11 h 273
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Taxonomic and ophic assembly o he size spec um in An a c ic plank on
C is ina Ga c´
ıa-Mu˜
noz1, And ´
es C´
oza 2, Ca los Manuel Ga c´
ıa2, Luis Ma ´
ıa Lubi´
an1, San iago
He n´
andez-Le´
on3
1Depa amen o de Ecolog´
ıa y Ges i´
on cos e a, Ins i u o de Ciencias Ma inas de Andaluc´
ıa (ICMAN-
CSIC), Pue o Real, C´
adiz, Spain
2Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma y Ambien ales, Uni e sidad de C´
adiz, Pue o
Real, C´
adiz, Spain
3Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Las Palmas
de G an Cana ia, Islas Cana ias, Spain
Abs ac
An a c ic wa e s a e pa icula ly p oduc i e, bu i s ophic web mus e ol e unde ex emely cold em-
pe a u es and wide en i onmen al a iabili y a seasonal scale. These special ea u es de e mine a sin-
gula p eda o communi y since ec o he mic e eb a es a e physiologically limi ed and la ge-sized en-
do he ms, especially hose able o accumula e g ea ene gy ese es (e.g. empe o penguin) o mig a e
o e long dis ances (e.g. ce aceans, lying seabi ds), ind conside able compe i i e ad an ages. Al hough
ophic pa hways h ough ish can be egionally signi ican , hei ole in An a c ic wa e s could be con-
side ed negligible compa ed o o he simila ly p oduc i e ecosys ems. The lack o plank i o ous ish
is likely esponsible o he success ul de elopmen o la ge-sized plank i o ous in e eb a es. He e,
we show how he size classi ica ion o he in e eb a e o ganisms in he An a c ic wa e s ge ise o a
bumpy biomass dis ibu ion wi h p onounced peaks and oughs, and including excep ionally la ge o -
ganisms. This pa e n conside ably di e s om he size dis ibu ions o oligo ophic ma ine wa e s bu
shows s ong simila i ies wi h he one desc ibed o a ish-less empo a y lake. Two al e na i e plank on
size spec a we e desc ibed, one domina ed by k ill and ueled by la ge phy oplank on and ano he one
domina ed by salps and ueled by small phy oplank on. The biomass accumula ions in la ge size anges
a e pe sis en due o longe i y and he complemen a y win y o aging s a egy o k ill. In he case o
salps, hei sho li e cycle is balanced wi h hei abili y o p oduce explosi e blooms unde a o able
condi ions and hei sexual-cycle o e win e ing s a egy. The ophic consequences o a shi om k ill
o salps domina ed Sou he n Ocean a e s ill unknown bu eeding in e ac ions among he main pelagic
p eda o s ha e been discussed o comple e a gene al o e iew o he An a c ic pelagic ealm in he size
spec um.
274 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Abundance and dis ibu ion o ish eggs in he Colombian Paci ic Ocean du ing Sep embe 2007
L´
opez R., Pin o G. and Bald ich A.
Uni e sidad Mili a Nue a G anada, Colombia
Abs ac
E alua ions o ich hyoplank on ( ish eggs and la ae) a e impo an in ecological s udies and ishe ies
p ospec ions, since help o de ine pe iods and b eeding a eas, and because such ea ly s ages a e a key link
wi hin he ophic web o zooplank on and uppe le els. Fo assessing he dis ibu ion and abundance o
ish eggs in Sep embe 2007 along he Colombian Paci ic Ocean (CPO), zooplank on was collec ed by
oblique ows o 184 m mean dep h wi h a 60-cm bongo sample (294- and 520-µm mesh). The abun-
dances eached 53382/100 m3in he i s ne and 631/100 m3in he second one. The la ges agg ega ions
in he ne i ic sou h a ea o he CPO can be associa ed wi h spawning o ish s ocks, high p oduc i i y,
and he p oximi y o mang o e swamps, which a e spawning and nu se y g ounds. The highes abun-
dances in ocean wa e s could be pa ially explained by anspo and e en ion p ocesses, as an e ec
o he complex sys em o cu en s in he CPO. Conside ing bo h ne s, diel a ia ion was no wide (day
2476/100 m3 s. nigh 2200/100 m3), sugges ing con inuous spawning, al hough many ish ha e highe
spawning a nigh o a oid p eda o s. Su ace wa e empe a u e and salini y did no appea o play a
signi ican ole on dis ibu ion and abundance o eggs. This scena io can change, depending on he sam-
pling mon h, ish species and he ep oduc i e mode and loca ion and ex en o spawning g ounds, and
because ish spawning beha io is dic a ed by pho ope iod (leng h o dayligh ).
Wednesday, June 11 h 275
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Synecological aspec s o Oncaea enus a and Oncaea media (C us acea: Copepoda) in he Colom-
bian Paci ic ocean in summe 2001
Mojica, LH., L´
opez RH.
Uni e sidad Mili a Nue a G anada, Colombia
Abs ac
Al hough he small plank onic copepods (<1 mm) a e he mos abundan me azoans on Ea h, and
hei essen ial posi ion in ma ine ood webs is ecognized, his communi y has been poo ly s udied in
Colombia. Seeing ha O. enus a and O. media we e p edominan wi hin he copepod communi y (60
species) in June-July and Augus -Sep embe 2001 in he Colombian Paci ic Ocean, hei dis ibu ion and
abundance we e e alua ed. Zooplank on samples we e collec ed a he su ace wi h a conic ne (50 cm
opening, 303 µm mesh) and he copepods ex ac ed om subsamples o 10 ml. In gene al e ms, bo h
species we e widely dis ibu ed and showed he highes a e age abundances in ne i ic wa e s in he i s
pe iod and in oceanic wa e s in he second one. Salini y and empe a u e had some in luence on hei
ho izon al dis ibu ion, and ligh on e ical mig a ion, since highe abundances we e egis e ed by nigh ,
ull moon and las qua e . Phy oplank on seemed no o be e y signi ican o O. enus a and O. media,
bu in u he analysis i is necessa y conside hei eeding ecology, hei ole as p ey o p eda o s a
highe ophic le els, and aspec s o ep oduc i e biology which allow su icien ep oduc i e success
o coun e p eda ion losses. Va ia ions be ween he wo pe iods we e due possibly o hese ac o s and
changes o hyd og aphic condi ions. Du ing his s udy, a weak La Ni˜
na e en occu ed in Ecuado and
O. enus a was he p edominan species mainly nea he Galapagos Islands.
276 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Fa ming Ni i ie s: Main ac o s and pa ame e s o main aining a heal hy cul u es
May e Tam´
es-Espinosa1, Edua do B u1, Leopoldo O´Shanahan2, May G´
omez1,Ted Packa d1
1Plank on Ecophysiology G oup, Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global. Uni e sidad de Las Pal-
mas de G an Cana ia 35017, Spain
2Ins i u o Cana io de Ciencias Ma inas. Gobie no de Cana ias. Spain
Abs ac
CO2in he ocean is ising due o he inc ease o a mosphe ic CO2le els. I s g eenhouse e ec is pa ially
mi iga ed by e es ial (plan s) and ma ine (algae, phy oplank on) pho osyn he ic o ganisms, bu also by
he less-known chemosyn he ic bac e ia.
Wi hin his g oup, ni i ie s ha e a di ec and indi ec impac in ca bon ixa ion because, on one hand,
hey a e au o ophs ixing CO2wi h he enzyme RUBISCO, while on he o he hand, hey elease ni ogen
oxides ha suppo he g ow h o pho oau o ophs.
A new assay which simpli ies he quan i ica ion o his unique p ocess would imp o e ou knowledge
abou he CO2-seques e ing capaci y o he ocean. Knowing he way o cul i a e hem om ma ine wa e
samples p o ides an excellen base o he de elopmen o his new echnique.
Du ing six mon hs, we ha e esea ched he isola ion p ocess o his mic obial communi y om Cana y
u ban-coas al-ma ine wa e s. We disco e ed a way o a ain high abundances and high biomasses o
ni i ie s which, in u n, os e ed he de elopmen o new me abolic assays ha we a e using o imp o e
ou knowledge o his special mic obial ni i ying communi y. Now, hese cul u es a e use ul as he
expe imen al base o new labo a o y in es iga ions ocused on unde s anding he ni i ie ’s ole in he
shi ing me abolic s a e o he ocean. We ha e iden i ied he main ac o s ha a ec hese ni i ying
cul u es, and which pa ame e s a e he bes indica o s o he mic obes’ heal h.
Re e ences
Bollmann, A., F ench, E., & Laanb oek, H. J. (2011): “Isola ion, cul i a ion, and cha ac e iza ion o ammonia-oxidizing bac e ia and
a chaea adap ed o low ammonium concen a ions.” Me hods in Enzymology, 486, 55.
Wednesday, June 11 h 277

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
T ophic biology o young-o - he-yea blue in una in he sou he n Ty henian Sea
L Fe e 1, JL Va ela1, N Go˜
ni2, H A izabalaga2, A Medina1
1Depa men o Biology, Uni e si y o Cadiz, Rep´
ublica Saha aui s/n, 11510 Pue o Real, Spain
2AZTI Tecnalia, He e a Kaia Po ualdea z/g, Pasaia, Spain
Abs ac
The A lan ic Blue in una (ABFT), Thunnus hynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a la ge mig a o y ish ha
occu s h oughou he No h A lan ic Ocean and he Medi e anean Sea and exhibi s physiological and
mo phological adap a ions ha enable i o exploi a wide ange o pelagic en i onmen s. Since he
1990s ABFT s ocks ha e become hea ily deple ed because o o e ishing. ABFT s ock assessmen
is cu en ly hampe ed by an incomple e knowledge o he species’ li e his o y and ecology, including
o aging habi s. The pu pose o his s udy was o gain insigh in o he ophic ecology o blue in una
a ea ly li e s ages using s omach con en and s able iso ope analyses in muscle and li e issues o
young-o - he-yea (YOY) ABFT cap u ed in he Ty henian Sea.
YOY ABFT (n = 62), anging be ween 35 and 43 cm in s aigh o k leng h, we e caugh by bai boa in
he sou he n Ty henian Sea (I aly) in Oc obe 2012. The s omachs we e collec ed on boa d and s o ed a
-20C un il analysis. In he labo a o y, he s omachs we e opened and p eys species we e iden i ied o he
lowes possible axonomic le el. The die a y impo ance o each ood i em was assessed by he ollowing
indices: pe cen age o equency o occu ence (%O), pe cen age o weigh (%W) and alimen a y index
(%AI). Fo he iso opic analysis, whi e muscle and li e issues samples we e andomly selec ed om
25 YOY ABFT. All samples we e spli in wo sub-samples. One o hem was used o δ15N analysis,
while he o he subsample was subjec ed o o al lipid ex ac ion p io o δ13C analysis.
The die composi ion in e ed om SCA comp ised a leas 19 axa, including 7 ish, 7 c us aceans
and 5 cephalopods. Fish was he mos ep esen a i e p ey g oup, Eng aulis enc asicolus and Sa dina
pilcha dus being he mos abundan p ey species. The high die a y con ibu ion o Eng aulis enc asicolus
and Sa dina pilcha dus is no unexpec ed, since Ty henian Sea ep esen s a spawning g ound o hese
species. O he wise, δ13C and δ15N alues o muscle we e signi ican ly highe han hose o li e . Such
di e ences could be ela ed o he ac ha hese o gans show di e en u no e a es and, he e o e,
p o ide in o ma ion on eeding a wo di e en ime scales.
The esul s de i ed om he p esen s udy di e om obse a ions made in p e ious s udies pe o med
in he same a ea, which indica e ha he die o age-0+ blue in una is highly a iable and depends on
he abundance o p eys in he exploi ed habi a .
278 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Explo ing espi a ion and he espi a o y elec on anspo sys em (ETS) in Ul a o unda a
M.A. Vie a-Rod ´
ıguez1, T. T. Packa d2, M.T. Asensio2, F. Maldonado2and M. G´
omez2
1Cen o de Biodi e sidad y Ges i´
on Ambien al, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma , Uni e sidad de Las Pal-
mas de G an Cana ia, Spain
2G upo de Eco isiolog´
ıa Planc ´
onica, Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global. Uni e sidad de Las
Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
Abs ac
Respi a ion is a key ecological index. Fo ei he indi iduals o communi ies, i can be use o assess
ca bon and ene gy, demand and expendi u e as well as ca bon low a es h ough ood webs. When com-
bined wi h p oduc i i y measu emen s i can es ablish he le el o me abolic balance. When combined
wi h measu emen s o espi a o y capaci y, i can indica e physiological s a e. He e, we epo pilo s ud-
ies he me abolism o he g een algae, Ul a o unda a ha inhabi s in e idal pools o G an Cana ia. As
a s a ing poin we used he elec on anspo sys em (ETS) o di e en ia e be ween di e en g owing
condi ions in he na u al en i onmen . We suspec ed di e en le els o s ess associa ed wi h hese con-
di ions and looked o he in luence o his s ess in he ETS measu emen s. This echnique has been
success ully applied o s udy bac e ia, phy oplank on and zooplank on in he ocean, bu i has no been
used o s udy sessile ma ine mac oalgae. These ne i ic and li o al mac ophy es ha e majo ecological
and indus ial impo ance, ye li le is known abou hei espi a o y physiology. Such knowledge would
s eng hen ou unde s anding o he esou ces o he coas al ocean and acili a e i s de elopmen and
bes use. He e, we modi ied he ETS me hodology o Ul a o unda a. Wi h his modi ied ETS assay
we in es iga ed he capaci y o Ul a o esis anoxia. We measu ed espi a ion wi h op odes (Fibox 4,
P esens) in he da k o he poin o oxygen exhaus ion and h ough 24 h o anoxia. Then we exposed he
Ul a o ligh and ollowed he oxygen inc ease due o pho osyn hesis. We discuss he e he capaci y o
Ul a o su i e du ing anoxia.
Wednesday, June 11 h 279
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Cephalopods collec ed in Ben a campaigns be ween 1995 and 2006
Ba ei o, P., Rocha, F. and Esca˜
nez, A.
Facul y o Ma ine Science, Campus As Lagoas-Ma cosende, Uni e si y o Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Abs ac
A o al o 137 cephalopods collec ed du ing campaigns Ben a 1995, 2003 and 2006 we e s udied.
Sampling was conduc ed using an Agassiz awl (2.01 m wide and 1.12 m high, ha ing a mesh size o
10 mm). The s udied a ea co esponds o he no h o Li ings on Island and Bellingshausen Sea in he
An a c ic Peninsula a ea. Samplings we e made be ween 40 and 3300 me e s dep h. A o al o 21 species
belonging o he Psych o eu hidae, Oc opodidae and Boli aenidae amilies we e iden i ied. Mos species
belong o he Oc opodidae amily (97%). Wi hin his amily he mos common axa we e Pa eledone
(52%), Adelieledone (14.5%) and G aneledone (8.7%).
Pa eledone is he mos abundan and di e se cephalopod genus in An a c ic Ocean. I is es ic ed o he
con inen al shel and slope ma gins (in dep hs o less han 1000 m). Membe s o he genus end o be
small; o al leng h eaches 95 o 350 mm (man le leng h 30 o100 mm). They don’ ha e comme cial
alue. A o al o 23 males, 28 emales and 19 imma u e specimens (24-64 cm man le leng h) we e
collec ed. Species iden i ied belonging o P. cha co i,P. ha issoni,P. u que i,P. sub ilis,P. panch oma,
P. albimacula a,P. co nu a,P. au a a and P. se pe as a a.
Adelieledene co esponds o ben hic species ha li e in An a c ic Ocean. Genus is de ined by ha e
ans e se idges in he ligula g oo e o hec oco ylus and he p esence o wo longi udinal in egumen a y
idges on he do sal man le. Body is co e ed wi h wa s and he man le is saccula . A o al o 4 males,
4 emales and 12 imma u e specimens we e ound in An a c ic oceans. The size man le leng h anged
om 22 o 40 cm. Two species, A. adelieana and A. polymo pha, we e eco ded.
G aneledone species li e in he lowe ba hyal and abyssal ecosys ems and ha e been epo ed in he
sou he n ocean. G aneledone is de ined by ha ing he body co e ed wi h wa s, do sal side co e ed wi h
nume ous clus e s, ca ilaginous ube cles. Cha ac e is ic composed ocula ci i occu on each eye. A ms
ha e unise ial sucke s, ink sac absen and he c op educed o absen . Males ha e a small hec oco ylus
and a well di e en ia ed ligula wi h a la ge calamus. Fi e males, 6 emales and 2 imma u e specimens
(man le leng h ange om 24 o 56 cm) we e s udied. Th ee species we e iden i ied: G. an ´
a c ica,G.
mac o yla and G. e ucosa.
O he ben hic species we e ound: Thaumeledone gun e i,Ben heledone o unda,Ben heledone albida
and Ben hoc opus sp. Also, some ne i ic species, he inci a ed Boli aenidae sp. and he Teu hoid Psy-
ch o eu his glacialis, we e ob ained.
Some aspec s abou species dis ibu ion and habi a in An a c ic Ocean a e discussed.
280 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
T anspo pa hways o decapod la ae in he Cana y-A ican Coas al T ansi ion Zone: modelling
and ield obse a ions.
Jos´
e M. Landei a1, Timo h´
ee B ochie 2, E an Mason3, San iago He n´
andez-Le´
on1
1Ins i u o de Oceanog a ´
ıa y Cambio Global, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Campus
Uni e si a io de Ta i a, 35017, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Cana y Islands, Spain
2Ins i u de Reche che pou le D´
e eloppemen (IRD), ISRA/Cen e de Reche che Oc´
eanog aphique de
Daka -Thia oye (CRODT), UMR 195, BP 1386 Daka , Senegal
3Medi e anean Ins i u e o Ad anced S udies (UIB-CSIC), C./Miquel Ma qu`
es 21, Espo les, Palma de
Mallo ca 07190, Spain
Abs ac
Plank onic la ae cons i u e a i al componen o oceanic ood webs and ep esen he ea ly li e-his o y
s ages o ecologically and economically alued species. Thus, unde s anding biological and physical
mechanisms in ol ed wi h la al anspo is o subs an ial in e es o he ields o ecology, conse a ion
and ishe y managemen .
This s udy ep esen s an a emp o elucida e he anspo pa hways o decapod la ae wi hin he C-
ACTZ, whe e la al assemblages a e poo ly known. The wa e s downs eam o he Cana y Island
a chipelago displayed in ense mesoscale ac i i y du ing he FAX99 c uise. SST images e ealed he
p esence o 14 cyclonic and an icyclonic eddies as well as ou upwelling ilamen s. Ou esul s illus-
a e a close ela ionship be ween hese mesoscale oceanog aphic s uc u es and he dis ibu ion o deca-
pod la ae using bo h ield obse a ions and anspo modelling. Analysis o plank on samples showed
ha he C-ACTZ is an a ea whe e bo h Cana y and A ican la ae may be p esen a he same ime.
On he o he hand, p edic ions o la al anspo a e ob ained om he Ich hyop Lag angian anspo
model, which is o ced by a high- esolu ion hyd odynamic model (ROMS) ha ep oduces he egional
ci cula ion. The simula ions suppo he ield obse a ions and he key indings a e: (1) Vi ual la ae
eleased in he o sho e bounda y o he upwelling on we e ad ec ed wes wa d o sho e by ilamen s,
eaching all he islands wi hin 28 days; (2) Signi ican amoun o simula ed la ae a e anspo ed back
o he A ican coas due o eddy ci cula ion; (3) Mos o he i ual la ae eleased om G an Cana ia
and Fue e en u a a e apidly anspo ed o he wes /sou hwes by he Cana y Cu en a i ing he o he
islands, (4) while o he s a e anspo ed owa ds he A ican coas o (5) no hwa d connec ing wi h he
Sel agen a chipelago.
Ou obse a ions o la al anspo in oduce new insigh s o he gene al unde s anding o he me apop-
ula ion connec i i y be ween he Cana y Islands and he A ican coas .
Wednesday, June 11 h 281
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
ble o iden i y salini y changes and he e o e, pH a ia ions ha con ol he adso p ion o REEs o he
suspended pa icula e ma e .
Taken in o accoun ou esul s, I ax can be conside ed a as and use ul ool o de ec REEs pollu ion
selec ing he mos in e es ing dep hs ha can be s udied in de ail a oiding a g ea numbe o quan i a i e
analyses and sa ing ime and money. Mo eo e , s udying he co ela ions be ween REEs and o he
elemen s i is possible o iden i y he o igin o he pollu ion. Finally, I ax p o iles also allow s udying
he en i onmen al changes ha causes REEs ac iona ion pa e ns.
288 Wednesday, June 11 h

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Paleoclima ic and paleoceanog aphic changes h ough he las 5000 yea s o NW Ibe ian Penin-
sula: SST and SSS econs uc ions ba
Gonz´
alez- ´
Al a ez, R., Be n´
a dez, P., Mena, A., F anc´
es, G.
Depa amen o de Xeociencias Ma i˜
nas e O denaci´
on do Te i o io, Facul ade de Ciencias do Ma , Uni-
e sidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Ma cosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
Abs ac
G a i y co e SMP02-3 e ie ed om he middle Galicia con inen al shel (NW o Ibe ian Peninsula)
was analyzed in o de o econs uc he paleoceanog aphic and paleoclima ic a iabili y o he las 5000
yea s. The e ec s o global and egional clima ic o cing ac o s (sola o cing and NAO mode) on
SST and SSS, oceanog aphic egime and con inen al in luence on he shel we e in es iga ed h ough
he analyses o plank onic o amini e al assemblages, bulk p ope ies o sedimen s (g ain size, con en
o o ganic ca bon and ca bona e) and measu emen s o oxygen and ca bon iso opic composi ion o G.
bulloides.
The SST eco d, ob ained applying he MAT o he plank onic o amini e al assemblages, e eals ha
mos impo an clima ic shi s occu ed synch onous wi h well-known Holocene clima ic e en s poin ing
o he eliabili y o he plank onic o amini e al signal in ne i ic a eas. Wa me SST a e eco ded a
4500–3500 cal. y BP, a he RWP ( 2000 cal. y BP) and a he MWP (AD 1000–1100), whe eas
wo p onounced coolings occu ed a he SB/SA ansi ion ( 3000 cal. y BP) and du ing he LIA (AD
1200–1750). These cold in e als a e ela ed o pe iods o sola minima, in pa icula , he LIA is eco ded
as a wo-s ep cooling e en eaching he coldes phase du ing he Maunde minimum in sola ac i i y.
The assemblages composi ion in co e SMP02-3, namely, he dominance o G. bulloides and N. pachy-
de ma (dex), he iso opic esul s and he o ganic ca bon con en poin o high p oduc i i y condi ions in
he Galicia con inen al shel de i ed om he inpu o nu ien s by bo h upwelling and i e ine discha ge.
High abundances o G. bulloides and G. glu ina a indica e upwelling-p e ailing pe iods be ween 4500–3600
cal. y BP and 2000–1200 cal. y BP. Recons uc ed cu es o SST and SSS show ha du ing hese pe-
iods o enhanced upwelling, bo h SST and SSS eco d highe alues, poin ing o wa me and d ie
condi ions and he upwelling o ENACWs .
Con e sely, low SST and SSS and inc eased clay con en in sedimen e lec pe iods o enhanced ain all
and subsequen lu ial discha ge o he shel a 3500–2000 cal. y BP and du ing he las 1200 yea s.
Nu ien s supplied by i e ine discha ge would ha e induced phy oplank on blooms inc easing he abun-
dance o T. quinqueloba in he middle shel . G. in la a also indica es enhanced in luence o IPC and he
onse o downwelling condi ions du ing hese pe iods. The mos p onounced ainy pe iod and pe sis-
en downwelling egime was egis e ed du ing he i s cooling s ep o he LIA. Howe e a change in
oceanog aphic condi ions occu ed a e 700 cal. y BP. The onse o a weak upwelling a his age is
indica ed by he inc ease in N. pachyde ma (dex) abundance, linked o he in luence o no he n wa e s
anspo ed by he upwelling je o he middle shel . Upwelling was in ensi ied a e 500 cal. y BP dis-
placing he upwelling je o sho e and he pe sis en no he ly winds led o he upwelling o ENACWsp
in he Galician shel .
The oceanog aphic and clima ic pa e n egis e ed in he NW Ibe ian Ma gin du ing he las 5000 yea s
is ela ed o he a iabili y o he NAO mode. Pe iods o pe sis en posi i e phase o he NAO a e linked
o p e ailing no he ly winds and enhanced upwelling egime. Rainy condi ions and enhanced i e
discha ge a e ela ed o he sou he ly displacemen o a mosphe ic on s du ing sus ained NAO nega i e
phases.
Wednesday, June 11 h 289
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
La e Pleis ocene paleoen i onmen s o Eas Equa o ial Paci ic o Cos a Rica: p elimina y esul s
on hole U1381C
Diz, P., Be n´
a dez, P., G´
onzalez-Villanue a, R., P´
e ez-A lucea, M.,
Depa amen o de Xeociencias Ma i˜
nas e O denaci´
on do Te i o io, Facul ade de Ciencias do Ma , Uni-
e sidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Ma cosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
Abs ac
Hole U1381C was eco e ed in he Eas Equa o ial Paci ic du ing he IODP Expedi ion 344, o Cos a
Rica ma gin a 2064 m o wa e dep h [1]. Assemblages o ben hic o amini e a om Hole U1381C we e
s udied in de ail a millennial scale esolu ion ( 1-2 ka) o in e changes in he p ima y p oduc ion and
loca ion o he OMZ (Oxygen Minimum Zone) o e he La e Pleis ocene. Ben hic o amini e al aunas
a e cha ac e ized by high con ibu ion o U ige ina aube iana, U ige ina pe eg ina and ela i ely mi-
no con ibu ions o Cibicides pachyde ma, Siphogene ina ampullacea and Melonis ba leaanum. These
assemblages a e indica i e o high and sus ained o ganic ca bon lux o he sea loo . Va ia ions in he
ela i e con ibu ions o hese species along he eco d sugges changes in he quali y o he o ganic ca -
bon a i ing a he sea bed om labile o e ac o y. The pe cen age o ino ganic ca bon a ies la gely
along he eco d indica ing changes in ca bona e p ese a ion. In a u he s age, opal and o ganic ca -
bon con en as well as he ca bon and ni ogen iso opic composi ion o he o ganic ca bon will help us
o assess changes in he p ima y p oduc ion and he p o enance o he o ganic ca bon.
Acknowledgemen s: The esea ch leading o hese esul s a e unded by Xun a de Galicia unde he p o-
g am Axuda pa a p oyec os de In es igaci´
on Desen ol idos po In es igado es Eme xen es (EM2013/012).
Re e ences
h p://publica ions.iodp.o g/p oceedings/344/344 i le.h m
290 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Cul u e o ben hic o amini e a o ocean acidi ica ion expe imen s
Diz, P., Mena, A., Nombela, M.A., F anc´
es, G.
Depa amen o de Xeociencias Ma i˜
nas e O denaci´
on do Te i o io, Facul ade de Ciencias do Ma , Uni-
e sidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Ma cosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
Abs ac
The a mosphe ic CO2concen a ions ha e been con inuously ising o e he las decades. Su ace
ocean up ake o CO2has caused a educ ion in seawa e pH and ca bona e ion concen a ions (P´
e ez
e al., 2013). The e ec s on o ganisms ha build hei shells o calcium ca bona e (such as ben hic
o amini e a) a e no su icien ly s udied and migh be de imen al (Khanna e al., 2013). Simula ing
ocean acidi ica ion scena ios in he labo a o y is a easonable way o s udy hei esponse o dec eased pH
and ca bona e ion concen a ions. Two main issues should be conside ed o ca y ou ocean acidi ica ion
expe imen s wi h ben hic o amini e a: an app op ia ed expe imen al se up and a ben hic o amini e a
species wi h high su i al and g ow h a es unde labo a o y cul u es. One he one hand, we desc ibe
he expe imen al se up we used o ca y ou ocean acidi ica ion expe imen s wi h ben hic o amini e a
in pH con olled condi ions. On he o he hand, we show he esul s o labo a o y cul u es and decalci i-
ca ion/calci ica ion labo a o y expe imen s on se e al species o ben hic o amini e a.
Acknowledgemen s: This esea ch leading o hese esul s was suppo ed by he Spanish Minis y
o Sciences and Inno a ion and co- ounded by he FondoEu opeo de Desa ollo Regional 2007-2012
(FEDER) h ough he CATARINA P ojec (CTM2010-17141/MAR) and GRACCIE. The au ho s a e
g a e ul o he echnical s a o he ECIMAT.
Re e ences
Khanna N, Godbold JA, Aus in WEN, Pa e son DM(2013). The impac o ocean acidi ica ion on he unc ional mo phology o o amini e a,
PLoS ONE, 8: 1-4, e83118.
P´
e ez FF, Me cie H, V´
azquez-Rod ´
ıguez M, Lhe minie P, Velo A, Pa do PC, Ros´
on G, R´
ıos AF (2013). A lan ic Ocean CO2up ake
educed by weakening o he me idional o e u ning ci cula ion, Na u e Geoscience, 6: 146-152.
Wednesday, June 11 h 291
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Fishe ies
The Spanish FADs ishe y in he Indian Ocean
Ana T. San ana-O ega1, Vicen e He n´
andez-Ga c´
ıa1, Unai Ganzedo2, & J.J. Cas o1
1G upo de In es igaci´
on en Biodi e sidad y Conse aci´
on, Depa amen o de Biolog´
ıa, Uni e sidad de
Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, 35017 Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Cana y Islands, Spain
2Pesque a Echebas a S.A., Muelle E oxape S/N, 48370 Be meo (Biskaia), Basque Coun y, Spain
Abs ac
A e p esen ed he esul s o he analysis o ca ch da a om h ee pu se-seine essels ope a ing a he
Indian Ocean using adi ional and non-en angling FADs o ish una. Skipjack was he main species
in he epo ed cap u es, bu also yellow in (Thunnus albaca es) and he bigeye una (Thunnus obesus)
we e a ge species. Twel e o he species, conside ed as by-ca ch, we e also caugh du ing he ishing
ope a ions.
Resul s showed ha ishing on non-en angling FADs was mo e sus ainable han ha ca ied on adi ional
(en angling) a i icial de ices, pa icula ly in ela ion o he numbe o sha ks (and o he ma ine animals
in isk) en angled. Howe e , he e iciency o ishing ope a ions done on non-en angling FADs was
no di e en o ha epo ed on adi ional ones. Mo eo e , he analysis o he by-ca ch da a ob ained
om ope a ions on di e en loa ing de ices, showed ha his was lowe when using he non-en angling
FADs.
292 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
MYCTOPHIDAE s udies a ound he Cana y Island (NE A lan ic)
C.R. And ade San ana, J.J. Cas o He n´
andez, E. Caude Men´
endez , A. C uz Makki , R. Gin´
es
S´
anchez, A.D. Ma hisen Ga c´
ıa, C. Pe˜
na He n´
andez, A.N. Sa mien o Lezcano, S. Lugo Ga ido.
Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
The mo phome ic analysis o Higophum hygomii,Lobianchia do leini and No oscopelus esplendens
(Family MYCTOPHIDAE) a e shown, oge he wi h i s he leng h-weigh ela ionship, in wa e s o he
Cana y Islands, om specimens caugh in Janua y and Feb ua y 2013 by he O/V BOCAINA. In o -
ma ion on he geog aphic and ba hyme ic dis ibu ion o he species in wa e s o he A chipelago is
p o ided.
Wednesday, June 11 h 293

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Tempo al ends o he small-scales ishe y o G an Cana ia Island along he XX h cen u y
An onio Ba e a, Angelo San ana, Vicen e He nandez and Jos´
e Juan Cas o.
Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma , Campus Uni e si a io de
Ta i a, 35017, Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain.
Abs ac
A e p esen ed he his o ical e olu ion o ish ca ches du ing he wen ie h cen u y in he small-scale
ishe y o G an Cana ia Island. Da a has been econs uc ed om da a gi en by ishe men associa ions,
epo s and g ey li e a u e, his o ical pho os and in e iews. Ca ches showed a p og essi e dec easing a
long ime bu he dec easing endency is mo e sloped om 1970 onwa d.
294 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
The s iped soldie sh imp Plesionika edwa dsii (C us acea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) om he Cape
Ve de Islands
Ga c´
ıa-Ma ´
ın, V.1, R. T iay-Po ella1, A. Ma ins2, N. Almeida3, C. Mon ei o2, S. Co eia2, G.
Gonz´
alez-Lo enzo4, S. Jim´
enez4, J.I. San ana1, J.G. Pajuelo1, J.M. Lo enzo1& J.A. Gonz´
alez1
1G upo de Ecolog´
ıa Ma ina Aplicada y Pesque ´
ıas, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
2Ins i u o Nacional de Desen ol imen o das Pescas (INDP) de Cabo Ve de
3Depa amen o de Engenha ia e Ciˆ
encias do Ma (DECM), Uni e sidade de Cabo Ve de (Uni-CV)
4Cen o Oceanog ´
a ico de Cana ias, Ins i u o Espa˜
nol de Oceanog a ´
ıa, Spain.
Abs ac
This s udy is pa o he PROACTIVA 1-2 (2009-2012) and MARPROF-CV (2010-2014) p ojec s, in he
amewo k o he Cana y Islands Go e nmen and UE PCT MAC 2007-2013 p og ammes espec i ely.
Resea ch has mainly ocused on he s ock assessmen o he s iped soldie sh imp, Plesionika edwa dsii
(B and , 1851), because i has shown mode a e o high le els o ishing yield and abundances compa ible
wi h he de elopmen o a new sus ainable ishe y in he Cape Ve de Islands.
C uises ook place on boa d he R/V P o . Ignacio Lozano. Fou 15-day su eys ha e been conduc ed o
da e: Cabo Ve de 2010-04 (Ap il 2010), Cama ˜
ao-1 (No embe 2011), Cama ˜
ao-2 (Ma s 2012) and Ca-
ma ˜
ao-3 (July 2012). An inno a i e ishing gea so-called mul iple semi- loa ing sh imp ap (MSFST)
was used. Each ishing line was composed by 40-65 aps ope a ing a ound 2.4 m abo e he sea loo ,
using Decap e us maca ellus (Ca angidae) as unique bai o he aps. Fishing dep h was 66-458 m, and
e ec i e ishing ime was 16-18 h. Each ap was a ached o he main bo om line e e y 15 m, and he
maximum a ac ion o his bai was es ablished o be 100 o 150 m, acco ding o he expe ience gained
om he local ishe y o deep-sea lobs e s. So densi y by a ea was calcula ed assuming wo di e en
a eas o a ac ion o he ishing gea . Ini ial biomass was es ima ed om deple ion expe imen s a di e -
en abundance s a ions by applying he Leslie & Da is (1939) me hod, modi ied by Ricke (1975). Each
ishing ope a ion was classi ied acco ding o i s yield (CPUE in g/ ap/nigh ). The po en ial ishing plana
a ea was es ima ed be ween he isoba hyme ic lines be ween 90 and 220 m. To al biomasses (B ) we e
calcula ed om a eas (km2) and mean minimum/maximum densi ies (kg/km2). Maximum sus ainable
yield (MSY) was es ima ed om B using he Bedding on and Cooke (1983) model by en e ing na u al
mo ali y (0.6), g ow h a e (0.53 yea −1) and ec ui men age (1.32 yea ), which a e he pa ame e s o
his a ge species published o he Cana ies. These pa ame e s es ima e a biological exploi a ion a e
(β) o 0.262. In e pola ions we e applied o es ima e MSY o insula s ocks ep esen ing lesse han 5%
o he o al ishing g ounds o his species in he a chipelago.
The MSY es ima ed by deple ion we e 30.5 ons/yea o he s ock o S˜
ao Vicen e, San a Luzia, Ilheus
and S˜
ao Nicolau, 10 ons/yea o he s ock o San iago, 138.8 ons/yea o he s ock o Boa Vis a
and Maio, and 5.6 ons/yea o he s ock o Sal. The small s ocks es ima ed by in e pola ion we e:
4.5 ons/yea o he s ock o San o An ˜
ao, 1.3 ons/yea o he s ock o Fogo, and 1.8 ons/yea o
he s ock o B a a and Ilheus. In o al, 192.5 ons pe yea was he o al MSY o he s iped soldie
sh imp a ound he islands o he Cape Ve de a chipelago, occupying a o al a ea o 1,918 km2o new
ishing g ounds a be ween 90 and 220 m o dep h. In compa ison wi h he adi ional bo om ap
used in he Cana y Islands, he inno a i e ishing gea MSFST we e p o ed o be mo e selec i e o
pandalid sh imps, minimizing he gea impac on he sea loo as well as he by-ca ch by educing he
disca ds. Deple ion me hods a e based on he assump ion o a closed sys em, ha is wi h minimum o
ze o immig a ion be ween neighbou ing a eas. The s aigh o wa d decline o CPUEs ob ained du ing
he deple ion expe imen s seems o con i m ha P. edwa dsii is a low mobili y species, making his
assump ion alid a leas du ing sho - ime pe iods. Because o he ba hyme y p o ile o hese islands,
Wednesday, June 11 h 295
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
he dep h ange is om e y close ( ew nau ical miles in San iago) o a away (10-12 n.m. in Boa Vis a)
o he coas line.
Fishing e o should be con olled on he basis o quo as, numbe o ishing essels and a p ecau iona y
app oach in o de o ensu e ha ca ching is commensu a e wi h sus ainable le els o exploi a ion. MSY
es ima es sugges ha his new Cape e dean ishe y should be ca ied ou by specialized medium-sized
ishing essels. Du ing he las decades a combina ion o sh imp awling and indus ial apping ac i i y
has h ea ened o e -exploi a ion in he Medi e anean ishe ies a ge ing on P. edwa dsii; cu en ly he
sh imp collapse has conduc ed o he decline o hese ishe ies. Can he Cape Ve de egula o y bodies
and all he s akeholde s in ol ed lea n he lessons his eaches us abou his esou ce managemen ?
296 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Minimum legal sizes: Do hey p o ec imma u e ishes?
Casademon , P., Cos´
ın, A., Cano, J., Cab e a, R., G´
omez, MC., Valle, O., C.-So igue , M.
Uni e si y o C´
adiz, Spain.
Abs ac
The egula ion o minimum sizes o ca ch is one o he oldes and mos widely accep ed ools o he
managemen o ishe ies. The p incipal jus i ica ion ha has been gi en o his measu e is ha i p e-
en s he ishing o imma u e indi iduals. I is a echnical measu e used o manage ishing, wi h he
objec o allowing su icien numbe s o ju eniles o su i e and ep oduce. The s udy desc ibed deals
wi h an analysis o he applica ion o his managemen measu e in six een species o ish o signi ican
comme cial in e es , in he Ibe ian Peninsula. Taking as he basis he s udies ha cu en ly exis on he
sizes o i s ma u i y, hese ha e been compa ed wi h he legisla ed sizes o i s ca ch, a ending o
possible di e ences in unc ion o he ishing g ound, sex o species, in he e en o join comme cial
exploi a ion. In gene al, s a is ically signi ican di e ences ha e been ound be ween hese sizes, hus
demons a ing ha he legal minimum sizes ha e no been de ined acco ding o biological c i e ia.
Keywo ds: Minimum legal size, Fishe ies managemen , Leng h a i s ma u i y, Sou he n Spain.
Wednesday, June 11 h 297
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Assessmen o o ganic boos e biocide con amina ion in seawa e om ha bou s o G an Cana ia
Island
A. S´
anchez-Rod ´
ıguez, Z. Sosa-Fe e a and J.J. San ana-Rod ´
ıguez
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G.C., 35017 Las Palmas de G.C.,Spain
Abs ac
The e m bio ouling e e s o an undesi able accumula ion o mic oo ganisms, plan s and animals on a -
i icial su aces imme sed in wa e . This accumula ion causes se e al p oblems such as g ea e ic ional
esis ance and de e io a ion o he coa ing wi h he consequen economic loss [1]. In he 70s, o gano in
compounds, as ibu yl in (TBT), we e in oduced in ship pain ing indus y wi h excellen esul s. How-
e e , TBT is conside ed a pe sis en and oxic compound. I mani es s ex eme oxici y in non- a ge
species, such as bi al es and gas opods, some o which a e o comme cial in e es [2]. Fo his ea-
son o gano in based pain s ha e been p og essi ely o bidden. Nowadays and om 2008, in Eu opean
communi y wa e s i is no allowed sail wi h ships pain ed wi h hese coa ings. As a esul , pain manu-
ac u e s in oduced new p oduc s. These compounds a e now known as boos e biocides and a e added
o coppe oxide-based pain s o imp o e hei e ec i eness o he ull spec um o ouling o ganisms.
Common boos e biocides a e g ow h inhibi o s o eshwa e and ma ine algae [3]. In consequence
se e al es ic ions has been adop ed in some Eu opean coun ies as UK, Denma k o Sweden [4].
Seawa e samples om ishing po s, and ha bo s o G an Cana ia Island we e analyzed o de e mine
le els o ou boos e biocides (diu on, TCMTB, dichlo luanid and i ga ol 1051). A moni o ing cam-
paign o ma ine wa e s was conduc ed o one yea . Diu on and i ga ol 1051, wi h concen a ions anged
om uni s o cen s o ng/l, we e he mos common biocides p esen in seawa e [5].
The me hod used o de e mine he le els o he biocides in seawa e samples was based on a SPE p ocess
combining wi h LC-MS/MS echnique.
Re e ences
1. D.M. Yeb a, K. Dam-johansen, An i ouling echnology—pas , p esen and u u e s eps owa ds e icien and en i onmen ally iendly
an i ouling coa ings, 50 (2004) 75–104.
2. C. Alzieu, En i onmen al impac o TBT: he F ench expe ience, Sci. To al En i on. 258 (2000) 99–102.
3. H. Okamu a, T. Nishida, Y. Ono, W.J. Shim, Phy o oxic e ec s o an i ouling compounds on non a ge plan species., Bull. En i on.
Con am. Toxicol. 71 (2003) 881–6.
4. K. V Thomas, S. B ooks, The en i onmen al a e and e ec s o an i ouling pain biocides., Bio ouling. 26 (2010) 73–88.
5. A. S´
anchez-Rod ´
ıguez, Z. Sosa-Fe e a, A. San ana-del Pino, J.J. San ana-Rod ´
ıguez, P obabilis ic isk assessmen o common boos e
biocides in su ace wa e s o he ha bou s o G an Cana ia (Spain)., Ma . Pollu . Bull. 62 (2011) 985–91.
304 Wednesday, June 11 h

Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Moni o ing o selec ed g oup o pha maceu ical compounds in ou alls om coas al wa e s o G an
Cana ia island (Spain)
C is ina A onso-Oli a es, Mª Es he To es-Pad ´
on, Zo aida Sosa-Fe e a, Jos´
e Juan San ana-
Rod ´
ıguez
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, 35017, Las Palmas de G.C.,
Spain.
Abs ac
Since decades, con inuous and indisc imina e use o p esc ip ion o non-p esc ip ion human pha maceu-
icals, illegal d ugs as well as e e ina y d ugs has p oduced he p eoccupa ion be ween he scien i ic
communi ies. These pollu an s a e no included in he di e en egula ions and, o his eason, hey a e
conside ed eme ging con aminan [1,2]. Con inuous exposu e o hese po en ially haza dous chemicals
has led o many en i onmen al p oblems ha di ec ly o indi ec ly a ec he wa e cycle. Because hey
a e dispe sed h ough was ewa e , whose cus oma y pu i ica ion sys ems a e no designed o emo e i ,
so ha hey a e discha ged in seawa e and hey can be in oduced in ophic chain [3].
The p incipal aim o his s udy is o assess he p esence o a selec i e g oup o pha maceu ical com-
pounds om u ban agglome a ions in he coas al wa e s o G an Cana ia Island in o de o p edic
en i onmen al quali y. Solid phase ex ac ion (SPE) was used o he ex ac ion and p econcen a ion
o he samples and high pe o mance liquid ch oma og aphy coupled o mass spec ome y de ec ion
(LC-MS/MS) was chosen o he de e mina ion. The de eloped me hod was applied o e alua e he
p esence o se en pha maceu ical compounds belonging o di e en commonly used he apeu ic classes
in seawa e samples om ou ou alls in G an Cana ia Island (Spain) du ing one yea .
The a ge compounds include a enolol (an ihype ensi e), ace aminophen (analgesic), no loxacin and
cip o loxacin (an ibio ics), ca bamazepine (an iepilep ic) and ke op o en and diclo enac (an i-in lamma o y).
All pa ame e s in ol ed in solid phase ex ac ion we e op imized and he p ocess was alida ed. The e-
co e ies ob ained we e in he ange o 78.3% o 98.2%, and he ela i e s anda d de ia ions we e less
han 11.8%. The de ec ion and quan i ica ion limi s o he me hod we e in he anges o 0.1–2.8 and
0.3–9.3 ng L−1, espec i ely.
Du ing he moni o ing ime, some pha maceu ical compounds we e ound spo adically, such as di-
clo enac, ace aminophen and ke op o en a e y low concen a ions. Howe e , luo oquinolones (cip o loxacin
and no loxacin) we e ound in a la ge numbe o samples in a concen a ion ange o 9.0-3551.7 ng L−1.
Re e ences
1. Pal, A., Yew-Hoong, K., Yu-Chen, A., Reinha d, M., 2010: Impac s o eme ging o ganic con aminan s on eshwa e esou ces: Re iew
o ecen occu ences, sou ces, a e and e ec s. Sci. To al En i on., 408, 6062–6069.
2. Kaplan, S., 2013: Re iew: Pha macological Pollu ion in Wa e . C i . Re . En . Sci. Tec., 43, 1074–1116.
3. A onso-Oli a es C., To es-Pad ´
on M.E., Sosa-Fe e a Z., San ana-Rod ´
ıguez J.J., 2013: Assessmen o he P esence o Pha maceu ical
Compounds in Seawa e Samples om Coas al A ea o G an Cana ia Island (Spain). An ibio ics, 2, 274-287.
Wednesday, June 11 h 305
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Quan i ica ion o luo oquinolone an ibio ics in coas al ma ine sedimen s o G an Cana ia island
using a g een me hodology
Sa ah Mon esdeoca Esponda, Zo aida Sosa Fe e a, Jose Juan San ana Rod iguez
Depa amen o de Qu´
ımica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, 35017, Las Palmas de G.C.,
Spain
Abs ac
Fluo oquinolones (FQs) a e a class o an ibio ics used in human and animal medicine o he apeu ic
pu pose as agains bo h g am-posi i e and g am-nega i e bac e ia [1]. A e hei exc e ion, hey a e
accumula ed in was ewa e ea men plan s (WWTPs) because he e a e no mechanisms o elimina e
hem comple ely. In his way, he pollu an s con ained in he ea ed wa e can be deposi ed in coas al
sedimen s a ound was ewa e ma ine ou alls. FQs a e esis an o mic obial deg ada ion and may be
pe sis en in he en i onmen [2]. Thus, o p e en he g ow h o esis an bac e ia, moni o ing FQ
concen a ions in di e en kinds o en i onmen al samples is necessa y [3], especially in solid samples,
whe e hey can be accumula ed.
This wo k p esen an analy ical g een app oach o he quan i ica ion o i e FQs (le o loxacin, no -
loxacin, cip o loxacin, en o loxacin and sa a loxacin) in sedimen s om coas al poin s o he sou h o
G an Cana ia island (Spain) ha had no been s udied p e iously. The simple a ea is a ec ed by a ma ine
ou all discha ging was ewa e s.
We selec ed mic owa e assis ed ex ac ion (MAE) as ex ac ion echnique, eplacing he o ganic sol-
en s by micella media as ex ac ion agen s, being hen called Mic owa e-assis ed micella ex ac ion
(MAME). Micella media a e no oxic, biodeg adable, less expensi e han o ganic sol en s and compa -
ible wi h he mobile phase used in liquid ch oma og aphy (LC). Mo eo e hey can enhance he signal
o many compounds in luo escence de ec ion [4].
Analysis was pe o med using liquid ch oma og aphy wi h luo escence de ec ion and elec osp ay ion-
iza ion– andem mass spec ome y de ec ion (LC-FD and LC-ESI-MS/MS, espec i ely). Unde op imal
condi ions, we ob ained eco e ies g ea e han 73% wi h ela i e s anda d de ia ions below 8%. The
limi s o de ec ion achie ed using MAME-LC-ESI/MS/MS we e be ween 0.15 and 0.55 ng g−1 o he
di e en FQs.
Fou luo oquinolones (le o loxacin, no loxacin, cip o loxacin and en o loxacin) we e ound in he
coas al ma ine sedimen s in concen a ions be ween 0.81 and 34.3 ng g−1, which means ha he sed-
imen abso bs he an ibio ics dissol ed in he e luen o he ma ine ou all, showing also ha hei
accumula ion was highe close o he ou all and lowe nea e o he coas .
Re e ences
1. Kau K, Kuma A, Malik AK, Singh B and Rao ALJ. C i ical Re iews in Analy ical Chemis y 2008; 38: 2-18.
2. Mi ani K and Ka aoka H. Analy ica Chimica Ac a 2006; 562: 16-22.
3. Fe ding M, Kale a A and Buchbe ge W. Jou nal o Sepa a ion Science 2005; 28: 1448-1456.
4. Mon esdeoca-Esponda S, To es Pad ´
on ME, Sosa Fe e a Z and San ana Rod ´
ıguez JJ. Analy ical and Bioanaly ical Chemis y 2009;
394: 927-935.
306 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Op imiza ion o an analy ical me hod o he ex ac ion and de e mina ion o an i- ouling boos e
in biological issues.
Lia G acy R Diniz1, Eny M Viei a1, Te esa CRS F anco2, Mª Es he To es-Pad ´
on3, Zo aida
Sosa-Fe e a3, Jos´
e Juan San ana-Rod ´
ıguez3
1Ins i u e o Chemis y o S˜
ao Ca los, Uni e si y o S˜
ao Paulo, B azil
2Labo a o y o Analy ical Chemis y and Eco oxicology, Fede al Uni e si y o Ma anh˜
ao, B azil
3Depa men o de Qu´
ımica, Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, Spain
Abs ac
The biocides used o pain s, which ac as an i- ouling, a e g oups o subs ances po en ially ad e se o
aqua ic ecosys ems. An i- ouling pain s a e ea men s o minimize co osi e p ocesses on ships and
po ’s s uc u es, educing main enance cos s, sa ing uel and dec easing he ansmission o non-na i e
species o coas al ecosyzs ems [1].
Howe e , he o e use o an i ouling pain s ha e igge ed a se ious en i onmen al p oblems, such as ge-
ne ic mu a ions in molluscs (imposex) and oys e s as he phenomenon “Balling”, i.e. ela ed wi h he use
o TBT. Al hough he use o his compound was p ohibi ed in 2003, essels ha had been pain ed could
emain wi h hei pain ings un il 2008 when he p esence o ibu yl in (TBT) was de ini ely o bidden
a e he ban o he use o o gano in [2,3].
An i- ouling pain s indus ies sough new al e na i es and a hi d gene a ion o biocides ha e been
sin he ized, he non-me allic o ganic compounds. The mos esea ch biocides in he wo ld a e, 4-chlo o-
3-me hylphenol, chlo o halonil, dichlo lunid, diu on, i ga ol, hi am and zineb. Al hough hey a e less
pe sis en in he en i onmen , many o hese compounds ha e been associa ed wi h noxious e ec s such
as me abolic diso de s, in e ili y and inhibi ion o g ow h, low in immune de ense and dea h in some
o ganisms [4].
Due o he o ma ion o a dimo phism o male sex o gans (penis and as de e ens) in emales, he S a-
moni a haemas oma (Linnaeus, 1766) is conside ed a bioindica o o TBT and T iphenyl in (TPhT),
bo h an i- ouling i s gene a ion. The use o hei so issues can be a ailable op ion o he chem-
ical analysis o he p esence o he new an i- ouling in po a eas. Fo ha , his s udy p oposes he
de elopmen , alida ion and applica ion o an analy ical me hod o he ex ac ion, p econcen a ion and
de e mina ion o selec ed an i ouling biocides (chlo o halonil, dichlo lunid diu on, i ga ol) in biological
issue samples om S amoni a haemas oma [5].
Re e ences
1. Cas o, I. B.; Wes phal, e.; Fillmann, g. Tin as an i-inc us an es de e cei a ge ac¸˜
ao: no os biocidas no ambien e aqu´
a ico. Qu´
ımica
No a, . 34, n. 6, p. 1021-1031, 2011.
2. Dimi iou, P., Cas i si-Ca ha ios, J., Miliou, H. Acu e oxici y e ec s o ibu yl in chlo ide and iphenyl in chlo ide on gil head
seab eam, Spa us au a a L., emb yos. Eco oxicology and En i onmen al Sa e y. Vol 54, Pag 30–35, 2003.
3. IMO (In e na ional Ma i ime O ganiza ion). An i- ouling sys ems. A ailable in: h p://www.imo.o g/Ou Wo k/En i onmen /An i-
oulingSys ems/Pages/De aul .aspx. Accessed on: ma , 19, 2014.
4. Sapozhniko a, Y.; Wi h, E.; Schi , K.; B own, J.; Ful on, H. An i- ouling pes icides in he coas al wa e s o Sou he n Cali o nia.
Ma ine Pollu ion Bulle in. . 54, p. 1962-1989, 2007.
5. Ga a en a, F.; Pellizza o, F.; Faimali, M.; Te lizzi, A.; Medako ic, D.; Ge aci, S.; Pa oni, B. Imposex in Hexaplex unculus a some si es
on he No h Medi e anean Coas as a base-line o u u e e alua ion o he e ec i eness o he o al ban on o gano in based an i ouling
pain s. Hyd obiologia, Vol. 555, p 281-287, 2006.
Wednesday, June 11 h 307
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Comp ehensi e s udy o he Magdalena Bay (M´
exico): he ele ance o wa e depu a ion in an
a ea wi h wa e supply de iciency
Juan San os-Echeand´
ıa1, Ra ael Ce an es-Dua e2, Juan J. R. He e a3, An onio Cobelo1, Ri-
ca do P ego1, Judi h Ma molejo2
1Ma ine Biogeochemis y G oup, Ma ine Resea ch Ins i u e (CSIC), Edua do Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo,
Spain
2Mic obiolog´
ıa y Tecnolog´
ıa de P oduc os Ma inos. Ma ine Resea ch Ins i u e (CSIC), Edua do Cabello
6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
3Cen o In e disciplina io de Ciencias Ma inas (CICIMAR), 592, La Paz BCS, Mexico
Abs ac
The Paci ic peninsula o Sou he n Baja Cali o nia in Mexico houses he Magdalena bay. I is he la ges
lake sys em in he egion (1875 km2). This we land consis s o a as complex o bays including dunes,
islands and mang o e a eas. Two sandba s and wo islands limi o his lagoon complex wi h he Paci ic
Ocean. Due o i s high p oduc i i y and biodi e si y i was classi ied as a p io i y a ea o conse a ion
bo h na ionally and in e na ionally (CONABIO 1998; CCA 1999). In addi ion, his we land has been
iden i ied as one o he mos impo an Ac i e Biological Cen e s o he Mexican Paci ic Ocean, and an
Impo an Bi d A ea (IBA 104; CEC 1999) and one o he nine mos impo an coas al habi a s o Mexico
(WWF). I is one o he mos impo an a eas o bi h o he g ay whale and eeding g ound o se e al
species o u les in dange o ex inc ion. I s high p oduc i i y leads o he p esence o signi ican s ocks
o ish, molluscs and c us aceans ha a e exploi ed by he human being bu also a ac la ge numbe s o
seabi ds.
The majo popula ion cen e o he a ea is Pue o San Ca los (6,000 inhabi an s). I is a ishing illage, so
i s economy is based mainly on ishing and he cul i a ion o bi al e molluscs, accompanied by ou ism
du ing whale wa ching season.
Being an a ea wi h a dese -a id clima e he wa e supply is complica ed. Fu he mo e, he absence o
desalina ion plan s p e en s he use o ocean wa e ha su ounds he bay o domes ic o u ban use. On
he o he hand, due o poo in as uc u e o debugging, municipal was e is dumped di ec ly o sep ic
anks o o he bay wi hou any ea men . This can lead o se ious heal h and economic consequences
as he bay wa e go e ns he li e o Pue o San Ca los, bo h as a di ec sou ce o esou ces (shell ish
a ming and ishing) and i s ou is ic a ac ion, and may su e signi ican le els o deg ada ion.
To ou knowledge, s udies o he a ea ha e mainly ocused on he biology o he species ha inhabi
he lagoon, bo h ma ke able species as sa dines/bi al es [1] as p o ec ed o endange ed species such as
whales, u les and bi ds. I has also been obse ed a ecen in e es in he communi ies o phy oplank on
and zooplank on in he lagoon [2] and he biogeochemical cycle o ni ogen, nu ien s and chlo ophyll
[3].
Howe e , he s udies ocused on assessing wa e quali y and i s impac on human supply and he en i on-
men ha e been sca ce. Ha dly a s udy on hea y me als in algae [4] and wo on en i onmen al oxida i e
s ess in some o ganisms [5] ha e been published. Despi e hei sca ci y, hese s udies ha e shown some
deg ee o con amina ion in algae by hea y me al and impo an s ess le els in lagoon o ganisms caused
by pollu ion and deg ada ion o ma ine habi a s by human ac ions. The e o e, i is e iden ha an an-
h opogenic in luence exis s on he lagoon and he only sou ce o pollu ion in he bay should come om
un ea ed u ban discha ges.
The main objec i es can be summa ized in:
1. MONITOR om a biological, chemical and mic obiological poin o iew he wa e s o supply o
308 Wednesday, June 11 h
Pos e ’s Abs ac s
Pue o San Ca los, was ewa e discha ged in o he bay and Bahia Magdalena own wa e s and sedimen s
and ish and bi al e molluscs in ended o human consump ion.
2. EVALUATE he ecological heal h o he en i onmen om he esul s o biological, chemical and
mic obiological analysis o he di e en wa e s, sedimen s and bio a.
3. ACT, in a con olled and en i onmen ally sa e way wi h di e en p oduc s o bio- emedia ion o
achie e an op imal s a e o wa e supply and sewage. Chance o seawa e desalina ion, ine i no o
d inking use, whe he o li es ock o ag icul u e and no deple e he exis en aqui e s. A easibili y s udy
will be pe o med o p opose an ecologically desalina ion sys em wi h limi ed capaci y o p oduc ion o
Pue o San Ca los popula ion.
These objec i es will be achie ed h ough he ollowing ac ions:
A. Su eys (Ma ch and Sep embe 2014). Aqui e s and poin s o discha ge o was ewa e s o he bay will
be sampled. Likewise, se e al su ace wa e samples will be collec ed wi hin he bay. Finally sedimen
samples will be aken a a ious poin s o he bay and samples o ish and bi al e molluscs.
B. Analysis. Mic obiological, hea y me als, nu ien s, o ganic ma e , p ima y p oduc ion and chlo o-
phyll analysis will be pe o med in wa e samples. In addi ion auxilia y a iables will be measu ed such
as empe a u e, salini y, oxygen and suspended pa icula e ma e . Hea y me als and o ganic ma e will
be measu ed in sedimen s and he p esence o Salmonella o Esche ichia coli, and he concen a ion o
hea y me als in issues o ish and bi al es will be de e mined.
C. Remedia ion. Wi h he esul s o he analysis, and in collabo a ion wi h he company Thesis Galicia,
a s udy a he labo a o y a IIM-CSIC o e icacy o di e en bio emedia ion p oduc s ollowed by hei
scaling in Pue o San Ca los will a ise du ing he second isi o Bahia Magdalena in o de o see hei
in-si u e iciency.
Re e ences
1. Schwee s, T., M. Wol , V. Koch, and F.S. Dua e, 2006. Popula ion dynamics o Megapi a ia squalida (Bi al ia: Vene idae) a
Magdalena Bay, Baja Cali o nia Su , Mexico. Re .Biol.T op.,54,1003-1017.
2. He n´
andez-T ujillo, S., G. Esqueda-Esc´
a cega, J.R. He n´
andez-Al onso, and R. PachecoCh´
a ez, 2010. Daily cycle o zooplank on
abundance in Magdalena Bay, B.C.S. Mexico. Re .Mex.Biodi e s.,81,913-920
3. Ce an es-Dua e, R., R. P ego, S. L´
opez-L´
opez, F. Agui e-Bahena, and N. Ospina-Al a ez, N. 2013. Annual pa e ns o nu ien s and
chlo ophyll in a sub opical coas al lagoon unde he upwelling in luence (SW o Baja-Cali o nia Peninsula). Es .Coas .Shel .Sci.,120,54-
63.
4. Riosmena-Rod iguez, R., A. Tala e a-S´
aenz, B. Acos a-Va gas, and S.C. Ga dne , 2010. Hea y me als dynamics in seaweeds and
seag asses in Bah´
ıa Magdalena, B.C.S., M´
exico. J.Appl.Phycol.,22,283-291.
5. Senko, J., A.J. Schnelle , J. Solis, F. Olle ides, and W.J. Nichols, 2011. People helping u les, u les helping people: Unde s anding
esiden a i udes owa ds sea u le conse a ion and oppo uni ies o enhanced communi y pa icipa ion in Bahia Magdalena, Mexico.
Ocean.Coas .Manage.,54,148-157.
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