scieee Science in your language
[es] (orig)

Mujer y creatividad : el caso de la humorista gráfica Maitena

Read accessible full text

Mujer y creatividad : el caso de la humorista gráfica Maitena

Author: Martín Emparán, Ainhoa
Publisher: Universidad de Sevilla
Year: 2001
Source: https://idus.us.es/bitstreams/206dcb14-7dfe-4088-b83b-059210020b5f/download
0XMHU FUHDWLYLGDGHOFDVRGHODKXPRULVWDJUiILFD0DLWHQD
0$57Ë1(PSDUDQ$LQKRD

,QWURGXFFLyQ
'HQWUR GH HVWH 6LPSRVLR GHGLFDGR D ³0XMHUHV FUHDFLyQ  FRPXQLFDFLyQ
UHDOLGDGHV H LPDJLQDULRV´ PH KD SDUHFLGR RSRUWXQR FRQWULEXLU DO PLVPR FRQ XQDV
UHIOH[LRQHVVREUHHOFDVRGHODKXPRULVWDJUiILFD0DLWHQDTXHVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQ
IHQyPHQR VRFLDO HQ HO ~OWLPR DxR 6X OLEUR 0XMHUHV $OWHUDGDV  HVWi VLHQGR XQ JUDQ
p[LWRGHELGRDVXDQiOLVLVLUyQLFRGHODUHDOLGDGFRWLGLDQD<HOORSRUFXDQWRHVGLI FLO
HQFRQWUDUPXMHUHVTXHKD DQWULXQIDGRHQHOPXQGRGHODUWH GHODFLHQFLD WRGDY D
PiV HQ HO FDPSR GHO KXPRUJUiILFRHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHOQ~PHURGHKRPEUHV
(QODSUHVHQWHFRPXQLFDFLyQPHSURSRQJRDQDOL]DUORVUDVJRVGHFUHDWLYLGDGHQOD
YLGD HQODREUDGHODKXPRULVWDJUiILFD0DLWHQDTXHKDQKHFKRSRVLEOHOOHJDUDWDQWDV
PXMHUHV KRPEUHVGHWRGRHOPXQGRFRQHOp[LWR ODSRSXODULGDGFRQVHFXHQWHV

0DLWHQDSHUVRQDOLGDGFUHDGRUD
0DLWHQD%XUXQGDUHQDQDFLyHQ$UJHQWLQDHQ6XSDGUHHUDYDVFR VXPDGUH
SRODFD GH SURIHVLyQ DUTXLWHFWD  HOOD HUD OD ~QLFD QLxD GH VLHWH KHUPDQRV 'HFLGLy
GHGLFDUVH D GLEXMDU SDUD SDVDU DV  GHVDSHUFLELGD  HYLWDU TXH OD HQYLDVHQ D ³KDFHU
PDQGDGRV´

HQWUHWDQWRYDUyQ(QHVWDDILFLyQDOGLEXMRIXHDOHQWDGDSRUVXPDGUH/D
QHFHVLGDGOHREOLJyDJDQDUVHODYLGDFRPRGLEXMDQWHSXHVWXYRXQDKLMDFRQDxRVVH
FDVyDORV WXYRRWURKLMRDORVDORVDxRVVHVHSDUy

 PiVDGHODQWHVHYROYLy
DFDVDU
(QSXEOLFyVXSULPHUDWLUDHQ³7LHPSR$UJHQWLQR´GLEXMyFyPLFVHUyWLFRV
KDVWD TXH ILQDOPHQWH OD UHYLVWD DUJHQWLQD ³3DUD 7L´ OH HQFDUJy XQD KLVWRULHWD TXH
HVWXYLHVH GHGLFDGD D ODV PXMHUHV $ SDUWLU GH HVH PRPHQWR HPSH]y D VHU OH GD 
VROLFLWDGDHQGLVWLQWRVPHGLRV
(QFXDQWRDVXIRUPDFLyQ

VHOLPLWyDXQDVFODVHVHQ³(VW PXORGH%HOODV$UWHV´
GRQGH ³DSUHQGLy OD ILJXUD KXPDQD FRQ PRGHOR YLYR´  DOJXQDV PiV HQ ³HO WDOOHU GH
0HQFKL6DEDW´6HJ~QFRQILHVDHOODPLVPDHQODHQWUHYLVWDSXEOLFDGDHQODUHYLVWD³(O
$UFD´³VHDSUHQGHDGLEXMDUGLEXMDQGR3RUPiVTXHHVWXGLHFRQ6WHLPEHUJVLGHVSXpV

3VLFRDQDOLVWDDGRPLFLOLR&RQVXOWDGRHQZZZPDLWHQDFRPDUHO

  5HYLVWD (VWDPSDV KWWSZZZXROFRPYHHVWDPSDVHQFXHQWURVDKWP &RQVXOWDGR HO


 'H OD QRWD SXEOLFDGD HQ OD UHYLVWD (O $UFD GH %XHQRV $LUHV 3RU $OEHUWR &DWHQD 0DU]R GH 
&RQVXOWDGRHQKWWSZZZPDLWHQDFRPDU
HOGLEXMDQWHQRVHTXHPDODVSHVWDxDVXQDVRFKRKRUDVSRUG DHQHOWDEOHURQRDSUHQGH
QXQFD´
&RLQFLGHHVWDDSUHFLDFLyQFRQORVHxDODGRSRU0LKDO &VLNV]HQWPLKDO L
SDUD TXLHQ XQD GH ODV FDUDFWHU VWLFDV TXH KD GH WHQHU XQD SHUVRQD FUHDWLYD HV OD GH
FRQRFHUHOFDPSRHQHOTXHWUDEDMD³XQDSHUVRQDQRSXHGHVHUFUHDWLYDHQXQFDPSRHQ
HOTXHQRKDVLGRLQLFLDGD3RUHQRUPHVTXHVHDQODVGRWHVPDWHPiWLFDVTXHSXHGDWHQHU
XQ QLxR QR VHUi FDSD] GH KDFHU XQD DSRUWDFLyQ D ODV PDWHPiWLFDV VLQ DSUHQGHU VXV
UHJODV´

VLQOXJDUDGXGDV0DLWHQDKDWUDEDMDGRPXFKDVKRUDV KDDSUHQGLGRQXHYDV
WpFQLFDVSDUDSRGHUDSRUWDUVXYLVLyQGHODVFRVDV
3RGHPRV HQFRQWUDU PiV FDUDFWHU VWLFDV TXH QRV D XGHQ D H[SOLFDU SRU TXp XQD
PXMHUKDOOHJDGRDWHQHUp[LWRHQXQWHUUHQRWDQPDVFXOLQRFRPRHOKXPRUJUiILFR'LJR
HVWRSRUTXHDORODUJRGHODKLVWRULDSRFDVPXMHUHVKDQOOHJDGRDODIDPDSRUVXWUDEDMR
DUW VWLFRRFLHQW ILFR$ORODUJRGHOSDVDGRVLJOR;; HQORTXHYDGHODFWXDOKHPRV
HPSH]DGR D GHVFXEULU HO WDOHQWR RFXOWR GH OD PXMHU TXH SRU UD]RQHV FXOWXUDOHV 
VRFLDOHVQRKDE DSRGLGRGHVDUUROODUVH PXFKRPHQRVPDQLIHVWDUVH8QRGHORVWHPDV
GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ SVLFROyJLFD HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG HV HO LQGDJDU TXp FDUDFWHU VWLFDV
GLIHUHQFLDQDODSHUVRQDFUHDWLYDGHODTXHQRORHVDV FRPRFRQFUHWDUODVPLVPDVHQOD
PXMHU SDUD DQDOL]DU VL VX FRPSRUWDPLHQWR HV LJXDO R GLIHUHQWH DO GHO KRPEUH HQ HVWH
VHQWLGR
(QXQHVWXGLRUHDOL]DGRSRU5DYHQD+HOVRQ

VHDQDOL]DURQDPXMHUHVGHGLFDGDV
DODVPDWHPiWLFDVSDUDDYHULJXDUVLVXFHUHEURHUDGLIHUHQWHDOGHRWUDVPXMHUHV'HVSXpV
GHUHDOL]DUGLIHUHQWHVSUXHEDVVHOOHJyDODFRQFOXVLyQGHTXHODVPXMHUHVPDWHPiWLFDV
TXH VRQ PiV FUHDWLYDV  FRQ PiV FDSDFLGDG SDUD OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ WLHQHQ SDGUHV
H[WUDQMHURV SURIHVLRQDOHVRFRQFLHUWRQLYHOFXOWXUDO(VWDDSUHFLDFLyQFRLQFLGHFRQODV
FDUDFWHU VWLFDV GH 0DLWHQD HQ FX D EUHYH ELRJUDI D KHPRV YLVWR TXH VXV SDGUHV VRQ
H[WUDQMHURV VXPDGUHHVDUTXLWHFWD6XPDGUHOHHVWLPXOyHQVXDILFLyQDOGLEXMR OH
D XGyFRQORFRQRFLPLHQWRVTXHWHQ D
0DLWHQD GLYLGH OD SiJLQD HQ YLxHWDV SDUHV (OLJH XQ WHPD TXH OH SUHRFXSD  OR
GHVDUUROODFRQSHUVRQDMHVGLIHUHQWHVHQFDGDHVSDFLRFRQXQDIUDVHVLJQLILFDWLYD XQD
UHVSXHVWDFRQWUDVWDGD6HFRQYLHUWHHQXQDUHWUDWLVWDGHODVPXMHUHVWUDWDORVWHPDVGHVGH

&6,.6=(170LKDO &UHDWLYLGDG(O)OXLU ODSVLFRORJ DGHOGHVFXEULPLHQWR ODLQYHQFLyQ
%DUFHORQD3DLGyV7UDQVLFLRQHV

 3URIHVRUD $GMXQWD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH %HUNHOH  'HSDUWDPHQWR GH 3VLFRORJ D ,QYHVWLJD VREUH OD
SHUVRQDOLGDG HQ HO DGXOWR SVLFRORJ D GH OD PXMHU  FUHDWLYLGDG +(/621 5  ³:RPHQ DQG
0DWKHPDWLFLDQVDQGWKH&UHDWLYH3HUVRQDOLW ´-RXUQDORI&RQVXOWLQJDQG&OLQLFDO3V FKRORJ 9RO
$PHULFDQ3V FKRORJLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQSiJV 
HOSXQWRGHYLVWDIHPHQLQRWDO FRPRHOODGHFODUDDOGLDULR³(O0XQGR´³HVWiFODURTXH
KD XQDPDQHUDGHYHUODVFRVDVSXUDPHQWHIHPHQLQDSHURQRWLHQHTXHVHUXQDPXMHUOD
TXH OD WHQJD XQ KRPEUH WDPELpQ SXHGH LQWHUSUHWDU HO PXQGR FRQ HVD PLUDGD´

 /D
GLEXMDQWHDUJHQWLQDKDOOHJDGRDODVPXMHUHVGHWRGRHOPXQGR SDUWHGHORVKRPEUHV
VLPSOHPHQWHFRQWDQGRORTXHYH ORTXHVLHQWH VRUSUHQGLpQGRVHGHTXHHQGLVWLQWRV
SD VHV ODV PXMHUHV VH LGHQWLILTXHQ FRQ VXV YLxHWDV  FRPSUREDQGR TXH ³DXQTXH QR
VHDPRVWRGDVLJXDOHVQRVSDVDQODVPLVPDVFRVDV´


(QHVWDFDSDFLGDGGHREVHUYDFLyQ DQiOLVLVHQODUDFLRQDOLGDGFRQODTXHPLUDVX
HQWRUQR HQ VX VHQWLGR GHO KXPRU R HQ OD IDFLOLGDG SDUD UH UVH GH ORV SUREOHPDV 
DIURQWDUORV TXH HQFRQWUDPRV HQ OD SURGXFFLyQ GH 0DLWHQD DSDUHFHQ ORV GLH]
LQGLFDGRUHVGHODFUHDWLYLGDGGHVDUUROODGRVSRU5LFDUGR0DU Q 6DWXUQLQRGHOD7RUUH
2ULJLQDOLGDG
 )OH[LELOLGDG ³RSXHVWD D OD ULJLGH] D OD LQPRYLOLGDG D OD LQFDSDFLGDG SDUD
PRGLILFDUFRPSRUWDPLHQWRV´
3URGXFWLYLGDGRIOXLGH]³KD XQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHUHVSXHVWDVGHVROXFLRQHV
SRUSDUWHGHOVXMHWR´
/DHODERUDFLyQ³RODFDSDFLGDGGHFRPSOHWDUODLPDJHQHVHQFLDOFRQGHWDOOHV
W SLFRVVLJQLILFDWLYRVUHYHODGRUHVVHUHILHUHPiVDORJUiILFRTXHDORYHUEDO´
(ODQiOLVLV³&DSDFLGDGSDUDGHVFRPSRQHUXQDUHDOLGDGHQVXVSDUWHV´
 /D V QWHVLV ³/RZHQIHOG DxDGH OD FDSDFLGDG GH RUJDQL]DFLyQ FRPR UDVJR
FUHDWLYRTXHRWURVQRGHVWDFDQ´
/DDSHUWXUDPHQWDO³(PSDUHQWDGRFRQODIOH[LELOLGDG´
/DFRPXQLFDFLyQ³&DSDFLGDGGHOOHYDUXQPHQVDMHFRQYLQFHQWHDRWURV´
6HQVLELOLGDGSDUDORVSUREOHPDV³'HVFXEULUORVIDOORV´
/DUHGHILQLFLyQ³(QFRQWUDUGHILQLFLRQHVXVRVDSOLFDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVDODV
KDELWXDOHV´



0DLWHQDHVXQFDVRFODURGHSHUVRQDFUHDWLYDTXHSUHVHQWDHVWRVGLH]LQGLFDGRUHVD
ORVTXHKDEU DTXHDxDGLUTXHHOODPLVPDVXJLHUHODGLIHUHQWHSVLFRORJ DGHOKRPEUH GH
OD PXMHU 3HUR OR TXH UHVXOWD H[WUDxR HV TXH FRQ HVWDV FDUDFWHU VWLFDV WDQ DSOLFDEOHV D
PXFKDV PXMHUHV VyOR DOJXQDV OOHJXHQ D VHU FRQRFLGDV  PX  SRFDV VH GHGLTXHQ DO
KXPRU ,GDOLD GH /HyQ SUHJXQWy D 0DLWHQD TXH SRU TXp QR KDE D PiV PXMHUHV
KXPRULVWDV(VWDIXHVXUHVSXHVWD

1RVpPHSDUHFHTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQPDQGDWRVFXOWXUDOHVSURIXQGRV1RKHPRVVLGR
HGXFDGDVSDUDVHUFRUURVLYDVLUyQLFDVJUDFLRVDV HOKXPRUHVWRGRHVR1RHVWiELHQTXH

 'LDULR (O 0XQGR &XOWXUD 0DUWHV  GH QRYLHPEUH GH  KWWSHHHHO
PXQGRHVFXOWXUD12KWPO

,E GHP

0$5,15 '(/$7255(60DQXDOGHFUHDWLYLGDG$SOLFDFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDV%DUFHORQD
9LFHQV9LYHV
WH U DV IXHUWH D ORV JULWRV QL TXH GLJDV EDUEDULGDGHV  HO KXPRU HV HVR &UHR TXH ODV
PXMHUHVQRVHGHGLFDQDOKXPRUSRUTXHQRVHOHVKDSHUPLWLGRUH UVHGHV PLVPDVWLHQHQ
XQD DFWLWXG PiV GUDPiWLFD HVWiQ PiV SUHSDUDGDV SDUD OORUDU TXH SDUD UH UVH 'H WRGDV
PDQHUDVFUHRTXHODVJHQHUDFLRQHVTXHYLHQHQHVWiQFDPELDQGRHVWDFRQGXFWD3RURWUD
SDUWHORTXH RKDJRDP PHFRVWyPiVTXHDORVKRPEUHV8QDPXMHUWLHQHTXHWUDEDMDU
PiVVHUHOGREOHGHEXHQDTXHXQKRPEUHSRUTXHHQDOWRVFDUJRVSXHGHKDEHUKRPEUHV
HVW~SLGRV SHUR FXDQGR KD  PXMHUHV pVWDV QXQFD VRQ HVW~SLGDV /D PXMHU WLHQH TXH
HVIRU]DUVHPXFKR GHPRVWUDUTXHORSXHGHKDFHU



(QRWUDHQWUHYLVWDUHVSRQGHDODPLVPDSUHJXQWD

³>«@WLHQHTXHYHU>«@FRQORTXHVHHVSHUDGHODVPXMHUHV FRQORTXHVHHVSHUDGHORV
KRPEUHV7UDGLFLRQDOPHQWHODPXMHUQRKDVLGRHGXFDGDSDUDHOKXPRU3RUTXHHOKXPRU
HV]DIDGRLUyQLFRWUDVJUHVRU HVWDVQRVRQFDUDFWHU VWLFDVGHORTXHVHVXSRQHIHPHQLQR
GHORTXHVHHVSHUDGHXQDEXHQDFKLFD>«@´




(VWR PLVPR RSLQD 5DYHQD +HOVRQ

 TXLHQ HQ VXV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV VREUH OD
FUHDWLYLGDGHQODPXMHUH[SOLFDTXHORVSDSHOHVVRFLDOHVKDQVLGRHVWUXFWXUDGRVSDUDTXH
ODVPXMHUHVQXQFDSXHGDQOOHJDUDDOWRVSXHVWRV/DGHSHQGHQFLDHVXQRGHORVPRWLYRV
SRU ORV TXH ODV PXMHUHV QR OOHJDQ D GHVDUUROODUVH SOHQDPHQWH  HVWD GHSHQGHQFLD HVWi
FDXVDGDSRUHOPXQGRVRFLDOTXHQRSUHVLRQDSDUDTXHVHDLQGHSHQGLHQWH<FXDQGRHO
HQWRUQR RIUHFH D OD PXMHU OD RSRUWXQLGDG GH UHDOL]DU XQ WUDEDMR FUHDWLYR QR WLHQH
LQGHSHQGHQFLD FRQILDQ]DSDUDVDFDUSDUWLGRGHHOOR
/DYLGDGH0DLWHQDKDVLGRDMHWUHDGDQRKDVLGRGHSHQGLHQWH&RQSRFDHGDGWXYR
TXHEXVFDUXQDVDOLGDSDUDDOLPHQWDUDVXKLMD+DWHQLGRODIXHU]DVXILFLHQWHFRPRSDUD
DIURQWDU ORV SUREOHPDV UDVJR IXQGDPHQWDO GH OD SHUVRQDOLGDG FUHDGRUD  KD VDELGR
UH UVHGHORVSUREOHPDVDWUDYpVGHVXVGLEXMRV
7UDEDMDGHXQDPDQHUDPX WUDGLFLRQDO3ULPHURSLHQVDHOJXLyQOXHJRORGLEXMDD
OiSL]SDUDSDVDUORDWLQWDGHVSXpV&UHDYLxHWDVHQODVTXHXWLOL]DHOHPHQWRVGHODUXWLQD
GLDULD ³VHQWLUVH UHIOHMDGR HQ XQD KLVWRULHWD HVFULWD HQ $UJHQWLQD OH GD HQ (VSDxD R
8UXJXD OOHYDGHILQLWLYDPHQWHDODFRQYLFFLyQGHTXHTXL]iVQRVSDUHFHPRVPiVGHOD
FXHQWD´

 VXVHFUHWRHVXQDIUDVH³SLQWDWXDOGHD VHUiVXQLYHUVDO´

&RQFOXVLRQHV

 3HULRGLVWD GH OD UHYLVWD (VWDPSDV KWWSZZZXROFRPYHHVWDPSDVHQFXHQWURVDKWP
&RQVXOWDGRHO

%XVFDUHQKWWSZZZPDLWHQDFRPDU

,E GHP

KWWSIRUXPVLDJRUDFRPSRVWVKWPOPHVVDJHLG J HQ
(VWH EUHYH DQiOLVLV VREUH ODV FDUDFWHU VWLFDV GH OD YLGD  REUD GH 0DLWHQD
%XUXQGDUHQD QRV KD VHUYLGR SDUD FRQILUPDU XQD YH] PiV ODV ORV UDVJRV GHO SURFHVR
FUHDWLYR HQ OD PXMHU TXH SRU XQD SDUWH H[LJHQ ORV PLVPRV FRQGLFLRQDQWHV TXH HQ HO
KRPEUH FRPR VH GHPXHVWUD SRU VX LGHQWLILFDFLyQ FRQ ODV FDUDFWHU VWLFDV GH OD
SHUVRQDOLGDGFUHDGRUDHQXPHUDGDVSRU0DU Q GHOD7RUUH SRURWUDQHFHVLWDQXQRV
FRQGLFLRQDQWHVIDPLOLDUHV VRFLDOHVTXHSHUPLWDQVXSHUDUHOREVWiFXORTXHODWUDGLFLyQ
PLOHQDULD SUiFWLFDPHQWH GH WRGDV ODV FXOWXUDV  UHOLJLRQHV KD LPSXHVWR DO GHVDUUROOR
LQWHJUDOGHODPXMHU/DWHRU DGH5DYHQQD+HOVRQDFHUFDGHOWUDEDMR HGXFDFLyQGHORV
SDGUHV GH ODV SHUVRQDOLGDGHV FUHDGRUDV VH FXPSOHQ 1RV TXHGD ILQDOPHQWH XQD
REVHUYDFLyQ TXH KDFHU TXH GDGD OD EUHYHGDG GH HVWD FRPXQLFDFLyQ QR SRGHPRV
GHVDUUROODUHQODELEOLRJUDI DFLHQW ILFDDFWXDOFRQVXOWDGDSDUHFHTXHGDUGHILQLWLYDPHQWH
FODURTXHODFDSDFLGDGFUHDWLYDGHODPXMHUHVODPLVPDTXHODGHOKRPEUHFRQOD~QLFD
LPSRUWDQWHGLIHUHQFLDGHTXHODPXMHUGHEHWRGDY DKR VXSHUDUXQDVHULHGHREVWiFXORV
VRFLDOHV  IDPLOLDUHV TXH QR VH OH H[LJHQ DO KRPEUH SDUD PDQLIHVWDU VX FUHDWLYLGDG
3LHQVRTXHHOVLJXLHQWHREMHWLYRHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQXQDYH]UHVXHOWRpVWHHVGHWHUPLQDU
ODV GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH OD FDSDFLGDG FUHDGRUD GHO KRPEUH  GH OD PXMHU 'LFKR GH RWUD
PDQHUDVLORVPHFDQLVPRVFHUHEUDOHVVRQORVPLVPRVRSUHVHQWDQDOJXQDVGLIHUHQFLDV
HQWUH XQR  RWUD /DV ~OWLPDV GpFDGDV GHO VLJOR ;;  OR TXH YD GH HVWH VLJOR KDQ
FRPHQ]DGR D DSRUWDU QXHYRV HVWXGLRV VREUH HO FHUHEUR  OD LQWHOLJHQFLD TXH SHUPLWHQ
DIURQWDUHOSUREOHPDGHVGHXQDPD RUREMHWLYLGDG WUDVFHQGLHQGRORFXOWXUDOD~QVLQ
LJQRUDUOR SRUTXH KD FRQGLFLRQDGR ODV HVWUXFWXUDV PHQWDOHV $XWRUHV FRPR 'DQLHO
*ROHPDQ

HQ XQ SODQR PiV GH GLYXOJDFLyQ R -RVHSK /HGRX[

 HQ XQ SODQR PiV
FLHQW ILFR (ODLQHGH%HDXSRXUW

KDQSXHVWRHOpQIDVLVHQHOHVWXGLRGHOFHUHEUR OD
XELFDFLyQHQHOPLVPRGHGLYHUVDVLQWHOLJHQFLDVODUDFLRQDOODHPRFLRQDO ODLQWXLWLYD
3HQVDUVHQWLU DFWXDUVRQODVWUHVFDUDVGHODPHQWH XQDYH]VXSHUDGRVFLHQW ILFDPHQWH
ORVSUHMXLFLRVFRQWUDODPXMHU VXFDSDFLGDGFUHDWLYDSDUHFHQLQWXLUVHHQHOFDVRGH
0DLWHQDDV ORDFUHGLWDHOODPLVPDODVGLIHUHQWHVVHQVLELOLGDGHVHQWUHKRPEUH PXMHU
3RUDTX GHEHPRVFRQWLQXDUQXHVWUDVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV

*2/(0$1'DQLHO,QWHOLJHQFLDHPRFLRQDO%DUFHORQD.DLUyV

/('28;-RVHSK%DUFHORQD3ODQHWD

'(%$(83257(ODLQH/DVWUHVFDUDVGHODPHQWH9HQH]XHOD(G*DODF