„Kasyba“, „iškasenos“, „gręžyba“, „išgavos“

Jonas KLIMAVIČIUS MINING, EXTRACTIONS, GREZYBA, EXTRACTIONS There is a widespread use of the mining ministry, mining industry, etc., i.e. everywhere it is said that it digs mountains, but it is meant that it digs underground. Maybe this is a translation from Russian eopropyousiii, but quite badly translated, because Russian eopno is Lithuanian wound. So maybe the mining industry is better known as the lightning ore industry? Although the first option is not good, but this one is better. ir ne Iš letter Interesting, although the specialists already use ne geologist — Eduardas Vodzinskas "Our language" already wrote years ago reasonably offered a 16 new term, ir although similar mining: mining industry, mining ir institute, — mining engineer (MK 1979 5 62-63). So new, ne but still ir ne séna, still unknown to many incomprehensible. ar Therefore, it is useful to examine the past of value more — thoroughly and systematicti ir ally. ir Iš in fact is a double word miner, the questioner mentioned o ne the word combination miner, although earlier there was next to it: eopnax nayka mining science ir — BZ, Mining, 101. according to LKŽ data, V recorded only from 1932 m. (eopnbrti npoMbice1 — miner would BŽ 448), definitely have some value in Russian iš (value — iš other language borrowed meanings, motivation, o often ir structure word, word combination phrase" ar KTŽ). Only associatne su ed with the word eopné (normal variant opr — iš zopems ‘degti’), o su with adjective eopnbiti (from the noun eopa “mountainir ”) puncture sandu e0pno-. In the corresponding compounds e2opmbriti has values “Entering į the composition of the Earth’s crust”, iš “extracted from the depths of the Earth” ir “related to su the extraction of minerals ir processing" (see section 4.4). CCPJISI III). Russian compounds and 32 puncture 20proe de.10, copran nayka, 20pHoNPOMBILLICHIOC INE, 20] Ho3a600cKkull in turn There are values from German Bergbau, Bergwesen and so on. : Berg “mountain”, and the accent -wesen —it is like Russian deo “thing", but also “work; activities; craft; business- ”, even “company; verslamonė" (in Lithuanian this rus. deo often corresponds to some suffix: crecapnioe de.10 — Saltkalvysté, mokapnoe dJeno — turning, eoermoe de.10 — warfare, see more. LKK XXIV 204); Bau — ‘construction; statinys", “urvas, landa" iš building 1. ‘build; roads; manufacture": Nests build — lizdus sukti, the Building bees Waben — bees sew hives; 2. ‘growing, sowing’; 3. “to process, to process fields” (from here Bauer “people, farmers”, prk. “chess pawn", card ‘currency, or Earth"). Mining in the first case would be a formally accurate, but semantically slavery value. The second point is by no means slavery, it is completely free, even systematic, — dera kasykla m.), kasinys ir m., plg. su (1884 (1887 Jam. cassine “sukastas kelias, vieškelis, pylimas": Impiltiskiams everywhere bad roads, until they catch the pile 1 .kž. O that vežė kasinéliu, smiltelés dulkėjo Vz), excavated. Origin played a role in the early development of the common language “an object found while digging the earth” Bs, Kudir, V. Š, Vr (also known as iskasinv J. Apple, Inc.. Net DG, minerals — “what is excavated iš from the earth": archaeological fossils. However, DZ, — 1972 m. — minerals meaning “excavated iš earth ancient remnants of human culture, useful minerals, ir etc. " Part one (only ji ir has an illustration: archaeological fossils) is already an anachronism. It is removed only po 21 m. — DZ, excavating (o ne kasant!) found ancient fossils are already archaeological finds, fossils only o — “excavated mineral Zaliavos”: minerals. By the way, already K. Sirvydo minerals are ‘iron ore’ means: Ruda/Materia seu terra metallica fossilis. Mines/Material excavated cast iron See / eat.” SD 392, though SD 119 has an ir indefinite meaning: Disgusting things w happen in winter. Fossilia, orum. Digging up dayktay winter. iž Pasak LKŽ IV, Sut fossils are also present “what is excavatiš ed from the earth (metals, ores)". Practically mining is a punch ne (compound word), although twoHere * elsewhere ir the hard-to-print characters of the old sources are replaced by the current ones. 33 stem (according to structure, o ne darybą! ). Mining is suffixes -vba wizard iš punch miner (a similar thing is a rare ir cannibalism NdZ). The miner also differs significantly from its sources — TUS. Eopnar, wok. Bergmann (0 "Bergvolk — eopuw" differs in the meaning — of "mountains- ". In addition, according V to the LKŽ, be the contemporsu ary minnakasyba word minnakasys BZ, (pydokon 493 rūdakasys, — miner, minnavertys- ), is a former kdlnakasis ir here, although it J. Ir sounds banal like today, you have to ir turn — į Europe through the old window of the Lithuanian nation į The Western culture - Mažąją Lithuania. Though the words here may somewhat outstrip ir the objects, they are much earlier, abundant and real. ir Here is the largest regional dictionary of this region — E Kuršaičio “German-Italic Wėrzbuch" (ul, is: 1870) Bergwesen — mining stuff. fur hunting K I 210, Mining —etwa: digging in a mountain. kalnakasysté. vralt. u. unusable: rūdū kasimas K I 209, Bergarbeit — etwa: mining work K I 209, Bergakademie etwa: mining — school K 1209; Bergmann — mine K I 210, miners like: — kalnkasys K 1209, Bergknappe — young miner K 1210. Cia pridutina ir minnévé bei minnáris: Mine old and — unusable: kalnowe. ore mining. better: kalno kasimas. from. also for example: kalnkastis. ies K I 210 (the first here was already P, Rye: Mines — Kalnéwe, ės, Kalnū Rudū Kassim R 62; also ir MZ. 83; only Kalnowe N); miner ein — The famous K. Iš miner of Bergwerk ir patterns LC 1886 41 "mining industry enterprise". EF. Kuršaitis’ tradition continued in the exile inksicography — Antano Lalio “Lithuanian ir English Dictionary” (III ed., Chicago, miner miner 1915); mining; art — science L, mining — or of L (and kalnavertis, -čio — properly: demolisher of mountains; miner L), mountai- — neer hill; hillock; // mine L, mining —mines, chestnuts; <...> L 432. Nors In some places, English has taken ir over. So we have the Russian vertinj mining and the German ir mining, o J. Baron's miner can be taken ir iš FE. Kuršaitis. Probably from the mountains ir started, just dug mountainne s, o mountainiš s, mountains — į the motivation of the act should not be viewed straightforwardly as in the quoted letter. However, already P. Ruigio presents quite clear motivation mining of mountain ore, miner quite similar, only o į much clearer ruddakasys (with the whole group) is 34 much earlier: Kruszeowy kopacz/Scrutator auri, Kudakasis/[- correction error: K= R —J.K.] rudu kaseias SD 133, Bar Cache — On Erzgriiber N, miner I, J; Here live the miners, where works in the depths of the earth J. Jabl; right. ore miner: Bergmann, oder Knappe — Rudi Cassinkas, duksa= (Silver = )Kassis, sio R 62; miner: Hammerschmid —Rudininkas, ko R 189, M7, 252, Rudininkas, 0 —ein Metallarbeiter, Eisenschmidt N, rūdininkas, -0 — ein Metalloder Erzarbeiter [K] (2nd Plv, Zp "Kazlų Rūdos, Višakio Rūdos apylinkių gyventojas" LKŽ XI), miner = ruddakasys NdZ; right. ore mine —Bergbau NdŽ.. Innovative ore mine E nc VI 568, NdŽ “place where there is ore, mine" LKZ XI has ample and old synonyms —mine 4. M, BZ, 493, NdŽ “ore deposit, mine” (most widely used 1. O 515, Lex 85, Krz 158, N, JbL 209, D. Pošk, J, dz., zem. “marsh with brown water, peat”, ret. 3. Dg “ore-bearing land”) LKŽ XI; ore KzR “iron smelting furnace, enterprise" (rudnia ūs see rudnė) LKŽ XI; even ore 2. ‘iron-mining enterprise: iron foundry’ in LKŽ XI: 1. ein Hammer, Eisenhiitte (2. das Erzt) R, MZ, Metall, Erz; a metal heat, an iron hammer, in the latter meaning better Rudinvezia N, the iron hammer |K); right. rust O 79 "ore mine" LKŽ XI. There ir are quite similar (sounds) į į word ore miner in place names: ore miner “ore mine” LKŽ XI: Erzbergwerk — ore miner K 1410, Erzgrube — rusty dune. reddish, io K 1410 (there ir are other: Erzhiitte — ore smelter K 1 410); mine Kn ‘place where ore is mined’ LKŽ XI. Early ir “iron mining" vocabulary: iron site “mountains, places where there is iron ore” LKŽ III: Iron mountains / smelters. Ferrariae, Gielažiawiete SD 541; eėlžkinis "iron mine" LKŽ III: Eisenbergwerk — etwa: iron miner, io K 1 364, Eisengrube — iron miner, io K I 364; ironworks "iron factory" LKŽ III: Eisenhammer — etwa: iron casting (and Eisenhiitte s. Eisenhammer) K 1 365. Ji disappeared unnecessary (not attached ir stone iron hammer “magnet" SD 161). The latest ir least is the coal mining dictionary only — angliakasvs Š, The English T.S.P. Ret. ir intestine. aiglés [ky © ‘angliy kasyklos' (for wood charcoal not belonging to this group words charcoal, charcoal mine chemical terms carbonic acid, ir carbohydrate, .. J. So just a miner, mining mountains “motivated” (in fact, as usual for 35 evaluations, unmotivated). Does not have “kalny” ne only mentions mine, quarry, ore; ore miner, coal miner (and goldsmith), but many others, e.g.: e0pnonpoxodweckax ir 20pHopyOHoe — deo ore extraction, eopuvie — Goeamemea — Earth's Depths [mineral] resources, eopnoe macno geol. — peanut oil RLKŽ I. Peanut oil, extracted iš GTŽ, has not entered nor į LKZ nei I, į LKZ nei L, į DZ. Ar it is iš Russian. e0pnoe macao, ar straight iš from german. Space, but it's ‘petroleum’. Oil is a ir Bergėl — F. Curonian Spit (od. olive oil K I 210, been ir Steinėl — F. Curonian stone oil, petrelia K II 206, sage LKŽ I, equity ‘Zibalas’ (dabart. vok. Kerosene), whereas ir LL 95 left. petrole- — um rock oil, petroleum. The — iš motivation of the depths of the earth, from the depths of the earth stones, rocks, etc. : The deep deposits of Christianity lie as if in an aft-carved stone, begging to be sucked out ir LA 1994 68 11. So earth stone, ir rock oil are motivated (although they are also valuable), and mountain oil is not very much. — And the motivation of coal (known from the unfortunately unprinted, but apparently used, dictionary of J. Brovodski as stone coal) is not unambiguous —it is perhaps as much “rocky” (or “as if rocky”), cf. coal J (cf. also in German Steinkohlenbergbau “coal industry- ”), as well as “kalny”, although those mountains are rocky [cf. akmens gožys B “mountain goat”, even more so erelis akmeninis N “noble eagle (Aquila chrysaétos)”], so the real mountains, Lithuanians often called so: akmeniniai kalnai JV 311, kalnai akmeningi SD 94. Of course, there are also stone ones, whose motivation —not “mountain”, but not quite direct (“from stone”) —stone 2. “adapted to live near rocks (in mountains or cities)": zool. stone goat (Martes foina) J. stone |. zool. "a bird of the group of tilapians of the rocky coasts" (Aronaria interpres) [deu. Steinwdlzer); 2.See kūltupis — zool. “a bird of the family Oenanthe, nesting among rocks" (Oenanthe oenanthe) [Voice. Steinschmditzer) DZ, stone-lined sole. “very agile, brown 100-legged, living on po stones, logs ir elsewhere" (Lithobius) D.J. Ne only ambiguity, o simply deceptive synchronousl- — y, modern looking motivation — can appearold writing dialects, ti folklore adjective ir medinis LKŽ VIII — 36 “from the tree", but this would be a re-motivation (—tree), while the real one is “forest, wild” (—medžia, medzias “forest- "): donkey wood SD 271, wooden ox “stumbras" SD 9, wooden (i.e. mountain “wild") goat B, R 167, wooden pig “žirnas" R, forest (wooden) bird K II 336, honey pigeons J. Jabl (Dv), rooster wood "tetervinas" R 75, wooden cat “vilpišys" R 402, wooden apple trees Kal, wooden apples Sint; They ate mugs (i.e. dried locusts) and honey wood Bt Mr I, 6. Perhaps it is more difficult to fool with the variant medinas, -a: gožka medinėji “stirna” Grv, teterukas —višta medindji Lz, medindja kiaulė "Šernas" Grv; You bastard! Mžk. Beautifully deceptive is even “home LKZ VIII I. “at home living": domestic mouse (Mus musculus) tsp [e.g. wild!]; The domestic sparrow (Passer domesticus) is the eternal neighbor of man Blv; domestic fly Kp; Hey, brother, brother, my little brother, why did you shoot a pigeon, a domestic bird? LTR (Ds). In biology, such organisms are called synantropic, even synantrops (again, let's beware! —not from synantropo —the fossilized “Chinese man”, 0 from gr. syn-“together, with” + anthropos ““man”) —to them belong both domestic (fly, whipworm, cockroach, flea), and weeds of farms and fields —human environment parasites (from gr. para “near, next” + sitos “food”), but not cultivated animals (a broader concept than domesticated —domesticated), and the LKZ VIII considers this only as the mentioned meaning —“living near the house” —need “Man's care, kept near the house, raised": domestic duck, domestic bee, domestic animals. Finally, e20pmorit can even be geological: eopusiit koanac — geological compass, 2opnaa eeomempusa — geological geometry. And the open floor—just rocky. The discovery of a new mineral, feldspar, is considered a major achievement. Eduardo Vodzinsko's efforts were not in vain. RLKŽ I in 1982 still little, only to dJe.10 already e0pnoe deo slightly corrected — (mountain) mining. PolZ, in 1984 more changed: 20proe deo — mining, 20pHas npoMbiuLieHKHocmb — mining industry, eopnak — miner. VLKZ I in 1989, unfortunately, everything is old — "mining", there is no mining at all. PZ III 1992 is mining: open pit mining 131, seabed mining 128, 37 129. DZ, reacted, but being not a special (term or encyclopedic), but a general dictionary, could not immediately reject mining: mines ‘mining industry, mining’, mining only o ‘mining’; — only the miner “caséjas of the earth’s wealth” is added, and the miner, unfortunately, is not yet there. Unfortunately, there is no new dictionary of geological terms. O for newspaper translators neither dictionaries nor language articles are written. That's how easy it is for them (or is it nonsense?) hand goes out: Yesterday there were pickets outside the White House. The action was organized by the mining metallurgy trade union LA1994592. There is neither mountain nor hilly marsh metallurgy, ar although there is marsh ore. Such a pair is completely illogical: Kuzbass miners are supported by Vorkuta miners LA1993 227 2. Only the miners and coal miners could be opposed. Quite strange: graduated <...> petroleum and chemistry |possibly petrochemical — J.K.] institute, where he acquired ka In ų specialty of engineer LA 1993 206 9. But here it turns ne out quite unexpectedly, ko ir IE. Vodzinskas, even again assigned a paragraph to mining (TV 1994 1 44), did not — discuss the fact that for oil ir extraction mining engineer (o is not suitable — who fits a little further). So mining is very unsuitable. Exploited LTE several V pages of mining, you find nothing about the mountains, but you find something that common sense does not understand: mining industry ku extraction of minerals primary processing — (enrichment) ir — —- There are 5 groups: fuel extraction industry (oil, natural gas, coal, peat, shale extraction), ore, <... >. <...>; hydromineral industry (mineral, groundwater, water supply, etc. ir extraction). So just ne peat mining, but even mineral water wells are mining, gas, water are — minerals!.. — Even the school FGZZ already 1987 m. explains: well — “a round mining quarry in a rock column, drilled with a drilling tool"... It is not surprising that much earlier uz mining m.) (1979 remaining drilling (1956 m.): 6ypoeoe deo — grovvba GTZ. Reason — for drilling failed to break off from 6ypoeoe de.10. For example, even in Z. Kinderis' book "Hydrogeology and Drilling" (1974) drilling... is not used at all. It contains only drilling (drilling) wells. ir There is no oil drilling, no gas drilling anywhere. 38 Boss. Maybe it's the drilling that didn't go į DZ,, DZ, (although there are already 1971 m. LRKŽ). It will take a while for the entire ir mining system to settle. The value of the unknowable mining orp remained undifferentiated. ir Mining, no be doubt, can easily be broken down coal mining, ore mining, — although next to having a coal miner, ore miner does not rule out another possibility coal mining, ore mining, ir already occurs gold — mining next to very old gold miner LA 1994 81 6, 178 2 R 62, auksakasis B, K 1 558. Unfortunately, still happens ir silver mining must be M ir G 1990 10 21 — silver mining (difficult silver — miner, although there is a silver miner Sir). By the way, gold silver can ir only be mined, but collected, ne otherwise extracted. ir The discrepancy of minerals is felt by all, but not managed. nų Some write the most obvious nonsense without shame: But the most iš important mineral of this land is oil M ir G 1973 11 22. Drinking water, iš technical mineral groundwater and brines form a ir separate group of useful waters M ir G 1982 129. Others are looking for, varied, A. say, Linčius' books “A hundred geology riddles* in (1980) just one useful p. 297 — ir minerals, mineral wealth, ir mineral raw ir materials, undergrouir nd wealth, after all, o there are organic ir peat, — amber (the oil is being argued so it — would be unhelpful). Just a pity, when some other natural fossils even earth KB 1990 11 2 ar fossils KB 1994 12 8, what natural resourcLA 1993 209 1. Ne es are all the ir riches of the earth's depths, because ir there is open, i.e. surface, mining. Natural wealth is — another concept, broader. But it's been a long time since a good word was invented ‘extraction- ’: gold, coal extraction DZ,, DZ, DZ, gold ir yield LmŽ 138. O “that which is extracted" would be extracting this word — already is LKŽ IV, only there is barely one jo source meaning undefined — BŽ 117, — "luck, abundance". You couldn't refuse ir the benefits of the — "usefulness" motivation. Another possibility useful finds, — because after all, searched, scouted ir (reconnaissance pazeedounoe — demo GTZ) ir found. But it is extracted later, so extracts is a more precise term. Time to consider, choose and accept. , 39 Abbreviations DŽ - Current Lithuanian dictionary: DZ, - I leid., V., DZ, 1954. - II leid., V, 1972. DZ, III - leid., V., FGŽŽ 1993. - Solo violin V, Kar Pui G. Physical Geography. K., GTZ 1987. - Gudelis. V. Dictionary ir of Geology and Physical Geography. V., 1956. KB —- "Culture bars". KTZ - Cooler. K, None ys S. Dictionary of English Terms. K., 1990. LA - "The Echo of Lithuania". LKK > Lithuanian Linguistics. V., 1985. T. 24. LKZ > Dictionary of the English Language. V., 1941. T. 1, I leid., 1968. T 1, II I'm sorry. 1956, T. 3. 1957, T. 4. 1959, T. 5. 1966, T. 7. 1970, T. 8. 1978, t. IL. The article uses ir abbreviations from this dictionary. LRKŽ - Liberis. A. English-Russian dictionary. V., LTE 1971. - Soviet Encyclopedia. V., 1979. T. 5. Mir G - "Science is ir life". MK — “Our language”. PolZ, — Rusy-lietuviy language polytechnic Zodynas/ Compiled by G. There are many. V., 1984. PZ III - The joy of knowledge: The earth ir of its goodness. V., RLKŽ 1992. - Russian-Lithuanian language dictionary. V., 1982. T. 1/ Compiled by Ch. Lemchenas. SD - The first Lithuanian dictionary: Konstantinas Sirvydas. Dictionarium trium linguarum (3rd ed. photographic text]. V., Pus 1979. piai la differ from LKŽ cited SD V I'm sorry. pages. CCPJIS1 — I'm not sure what to do. MockBaJlenunrpas, 1954. T. 3. TV - The Terminology. V., Kn. 1994. 1. VLKZ -KriZzinaukas J. German-Lithuanian dictionary. V., 1989. T. 1. Digits everywhere denoting years, numbers (roméniskiei — tomus), pages. 40