Dėl kai kurių bendrųjų technikos terminų

Stasys ZAJANKAUSKAS ON KAI OF WHICH First of all, the system of common technical terms should be put in order. Linguists suggest that only those terms that are already in use and have become familiar should be included in the terminology standards. Unfortunately, not a single group of terms has not yet been properly standardized or systematized. Terminology matters, new terms should be disseminated in the appropriate press, discussed, criticized, corrected in time. Unfortunately, there is no such press. ir It is during the preparation of electronics terminology standards that the uncertainties of the relationships of the unestablished general technical concepts of “device”, “device” and “element” emerged with all their sharpness. The terms meaning and value, regime and action are also not sufficiently clear. We will discuss them briefly. What is the difference between a jtas and an element? I would think that in order to decide how to better name a particular object — a thing or an element — it is important to properly understand some of the strategic aspects of language. What is meant here will be clearer from the example. For example, a jacket can be called an item of clothing, but it is worth calling it so only when you really want to talk about the structure of the clothing and its individual pieces. In all other cases, the jacket should be called a garment, not some item. After all, it can be found that basically everything is an element of something more general, but the term element, I think, should be used in moderation. su Such a relationship should also be between the terms jfaisas and element. I would think that the term e/ementas should be used only when we really want to emphasize that we are not discussing the structure of any structure, device, apparatus or device, its individual sands. In other cases, it is necessary to find a suitable term to name the distinctive species of the object. 65 For example, transistor, diode, thyristor, although most commonly used as circuit elements, are defined as semiconductor devices (they are defined as such in ir many other languages: engl. — semiconductor device, fr. — semiconda uctor device kt. ir Only for the Germans this “semiconductor components”). What is the difference between a jet and a device? A common name is needed to name concentrator circuits, semiconductor converters, sensors, diodes, transistors, thyristors. Most of them are just elements, details, but jų there are some that are not suitable to be called elements. ir Many weights are called half/archer's devices. Ne for one it is unusual even ar unacceptable. What another — device. These devices may be self-containir ed products, as separate components of an assembly (then they are called components). They can be elements of a more complex ir monolithic structure, not even having conclusions, not visible even through a microscope. For example, the main components of a concentrator circuit are basically transistors, of which there can be iš thousands of millions. ir However, the semiconductor circuit is classified by international standards as a more general larger class of ir semiconductor devices (English) semiconductor devices), i.e. the same one to which the transistors belong. ir For example, a transistor is called a ffarsu. In jį addition, this concept includes both elemental and component transistors at once! They are called devices by some, devices by others. Russians, Poles call them “prietaisais”, Germans — “building elements- ”, and the English and French — the most general term, in my opinion, meaning a face, but not a device. Lithuanians also need such a common name. For such a name, I think, the word ffaisas would be the most appropriate, whose lexical meaning is not yet unequivocally established or systematically limited. In fact, a device should only refer to a certain "end-user device". Device is one of the main general technical terms used consistently in many 66 places. However, dictionaries do not give it exactly this way. For example, in the 2nd edition of the “Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language” (1972) infaisas — tai “what is fitted, device ar detail of the 0 device", in the 3rd edition (1993) already “what is fitted; what device (usually simple)”. Meanwhile, the device in the 2nd broadcast is described as “special some tool, apparatus”, and in the 3rd —as “repair (? — St. Z.), operating on the basis of complex physical phenomena". I would think that the attempt to limit the concepts of “tjasa” ir “device” is unreasonable —what is complicated to one, seems simple to another! Who will weigh? Furthermore, for example, the subject titles e/electronic and quantum microwave devices, pulse and digital devices cover both devices and apparatuses. Finally, the term "device manufacturing industry" has never included the transistor or circuit board manufacturing industry! The device (French: appareil) must be placed next to the device! Thus, let us call device any unit of material means for achieving some purpose, and especially material equipment that does not have an independent or final consumer function. Or when that function or purpose is not understood, and therefore it is difficult to choose a more specific systemic name. In contrast, a device would mean only a unit of material equipment of a certain independent consumer purpose. Such a correction of the concept and the term device does not destroy anything much, because the elements of something's structure will continue to be called as they were called — devices. Verta ir į Look at the neighbors. Finally, in systematizing the aforementioned concepts, it is important ir to look at the subjects of international communication. You need suitable Lithuanian equivalents for terms in other languages. The equivalent of the English term device, phasis, firstly refers to the “creation”, i.e. what is created, invented, devised, devised ar (see section 4.4). Webster's dictionaries, such as Webster's New International Dictionary, 1918 or Webster's New World Dictionary (or American When there is 1989). no doubt that a particular device needs to be named more precisely, the name is refined: instrument, apparatus, jo equipment, etc. ir The group of mixed devices that do not have an end-user function is referred to as devices. — 67 The French equivalent of a device, dispositif, also refers to the structure of something, a general device or a non-independeir nt device (See, for example, Larousse Universal (in 2 volumes), Paris, 1922 ir Le Robert Dictionnaire d'aujourd'hui, Montreal, So 1992). this is any mechanism, any machine (or device) as a whole of components; as well as any such mechanism or apparatus (see Petit Larousse en couleurs, Larousse, 1989). Devices of a certain perceived end-use are always called more specifically: appareil, instrument, machine. For example, the simplest milliamperemeter is already called an appareil, but a transistor or diode is not called so because they do not have a final consumer function. Then the term dispositif is used. Value value ir Mathematicians almost do without the term value. They have the value of the function, the value of the magnitude, the mean value, etc. In the “Dictionary of Mathematical Terms” (1994) there are only 4 terms with value accent: division value, lottery value, apatiné/Virsutiné value. Radio electronics specialists would agree with this in principle, but would find more terms that describe value (value) in the true sense of the word. These would be, first of all, the units of physical quantities (but not the physical quantities themselves- ), measures or standards for the reproduction of physical quantities, the final and initial division values of scales of measuring instruments, the value of any physical constant, certain estimates: effective or mean square values of functions. The term "significance" would be appropriate everywhere else, especially when it comes to non-dimensional quantities. In the “Physical Terms Dictionary” (1979) there is no meaning of the term at all. So physicists, recognizing only their own truth, immediately impose it on others. For example, in the textbook “Tamašauskas, A. and others. Fizika, 3 t., 1992”, P. 168 is a section “The values of some integrals”. Mode ir of action Vilnius University physicists want to change the word regime into action. The Lithuanianne68 ss of terms is very important. If we can overcome it, let's translate, but let's pay attention to the word! The term “mode” in radio electronics includes both the internal... external operating conditions of devices, the operating voltage (e.g. limiting permissible modes), and the mode or order of operation, and the operating states, and the types or classes of operating characteristics. Lawyers use the term act, as I understand it, to refer to the consequence or result of an activity. Thus, on the surface, the word “work” in radio electronics could not mean anything else — operating conditions: electrical, thermal, climatic, radiation, etc., as well as operating states, etc. We used the term "snooze mode". Now we should use the weak signal operation! But after all, this is not a signal working! It could be called the si/pno signal conditions. Therefore, we cannot do without one term here. When certain devices are stored in a warehouse, they require a certain, so-called storage mode. These are only ne environmental conditions, but conservation and other ir maintenance, for example, periodic charging of batteries, etc. ir To It's not an act of sabotage! For example, we said that some device is working in sending mode. Suppose at this time it does not send anything because there is no sending. ko Let's try to use the new term: the device works on a sending basis. mo The inconvenience here is that ir the noun of the verb coincides with the noun. su It should ir be a term of operational action. The state forces the action to į be renamed. Obviously, it could be possible to break ir down the concept to use several terms. 69