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Albina AUKSORIŪTĖ INACCURACIES IN THE USE OF MULTI-WORD TERMS Multi-word terms may consist of two, three, or four words; in rare cases they may be made up of even more words. They comprise a head element, which is usually a noun, and the elements that define it—modifiers. These modifiers are most often adjectives, participles, or nouns in the genitive case. This article discusses several inaccuracies in the use of elements in multi-word terms. The examples are drawn mainly from draft terminology standards. K. Gaivenis has already written about terminology standards in the article “A Few Thoughts on Terminology Standardization,” in the second issue of *Terminologija*. In multi-word terms, definite forms of adjectives and participles are used to indicate a type, for example: natural (= definite natural) drying, hot (= definite hot) drying, returnable (= definite returnable) packaging, dismantlable (= definite dismantlable) packaging, non-dismantlable (= definite non-dismantlable) packaging, foldable (= definite foldable) packaging, closable (= definite closable) packaging, open (= definite open) packaging, maximum (= definite maximum) shrinkage of wood, maximum (= definite maximum) swelling of wood, and so on. As already mentioned, modifiers in multi-word terms are characteristically expressed not only by adjectives and participles, but also by nouns in the genitive case. There are instances in which other cases are incorrectly used instead of the genitive. The dative case is used when the purpose of an object is to be emphasized, whereas the genitive emphasizes its type; thus, as K. Ulvydas wrote, the genitive is quite suitable for names because in such cases it also conveys, at least to some extent, a sense of purpose. Accordingly, in terms the dative should be replaced by the genitive, for example: specimen for testing (= testing specimen), pattern for poles (= pole pattern), pattern for sleepers (= sleeper pattern), pattern 1 U l v y d a s K. Žiūpsnelis farmacijos bei medicinos kalbos terminų ar šiaip pasakymų // Kalbos kultūra. 1971. Sąs. 21. P. 3. 47 for wood chips (= wood-chip pattern), timber for boards (= board timber), chips for fuel (= fuel chips). The locative case should also not be used in terms. It too is replaced by the genitive, for example: blister in the finishing coat (= blister of the finishing coat), gaps in a component joint (= gaps of the component joint). Many inaccuracies arise when the instrumental case is used in terms. When the instrumental expresses a means, for example: painting with a brush, painting with a roller, such terms are not corrected. However, the instrumental should be replaced by an adjective or participle when it expresses a method, for example: painting by dipping (= dip painting), painting by pouring (= pour-on painting), painting by jet impingement (= jet painting), painting by electrolytic deposition (= electrolytic deposition painting), painting by airless spraying (= airless spray painting). Many requirements are imposed on a term. It is important that a term be not only unambiguous, correct, precise, convenient to form, but also short. It is especially important that multi-word terms be as clear and concise as possible. A significant inaccuracy in the use of multi-word terms is the use of descriptive phrases, which should be shortened and converted into terms. Participial, prepositional, and other constructions found in specialists’ terminology should be avoided, for example: testing packaging by immersing it in water (= immersion packaging test), deformation rate when testing wood (= wood specimen deformation rate), packaging for repeated use (= reusable packaging), furniture for waiting rooms of transport facilities (= station waiting-room furniture). Another flaw in multi-word terms is inadmissible word order. The modified word must follow the modifier, for example: mass gross (= gross mass), mass net (= net mass). When a term consists of several words and has multiple modifiers, the agreeing modifier, expressed by an adjective or participle, comes first, followed by the non-agreeing modifier, expressed by a noun in the genitive case, and only then by the head element of the multi-word term, which is modified by the aforementioned modifiers; for example: wood transverse section (= transverse section of wood), wood longitudinal section (= longitudinal section of wood), wood radial section 48 (= radial wood section), absolute moisture content of wood (= absolute wood moisture content), relative moisture content of wood (= relative wood moisture content), mean equilibrium moisture content of wood (= mean equilibrium moisture content of wood), longitudinal swelling of wood (= longitudinal wood swelling), working part of the specimen (= specimen working part). The article discusses only some of the inaccuracies and shortcomings in complex terms. When using complex terms, all other requirements for terms must also be taken into account. 49