L. Ivinskio mikologijos terminai

Albina AUKSORIŪTĖ Institute of the Lithuanian Language L. IVINSKIS’S MYCOLOGICAL TERMS Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881), žymus lituanistinio XIX a. vidurio Žemaičių sąjūdžio veikėjas, lietuviškų kalendorių leidėjas, yra ir vienas iš žymiųjų XIX a. lietuviškų gamtos mokslų terminų kūrėjų. L. Ivinskis was greatly interested in botany and mycology. In 1873 he prepared an atlas of fungi, in which he provided scientific descriptions of fungi and many illustrations. The atlas was selected at a convention of botanists held in Warsaw and sent to the world exhibition held in Vienna in 1873. After the atlas of fungi went missing in Vienna, the author later compiled it anew. It is possible that some drafts of the old or new atlas are held in the manuscript collection of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (LLTIR). Two parts are held at LLTIR – Agaricus aeruginosus IV Pratella (F1–660) and Scaurus Agaricus rufo divaceus (F1–661), comprising 226 pages in all, with 769 drawings of fungi made by L. Ivinskis himself. L. Ivinskis assigned a separate folder to each fungus; on its first page he gave the Latin name, alongside the Lithuanian and Polish names and, in some cases, the German, Czech, or Russian name. The folders contain illustrations and Polish descriptions of fungi. The stem, cap, scales, color, smell, and taste of each fungus are described, and its habitats are indicated. The fungi were described in 1868–1874 and in 1876. Of interest to Lithuanian terminology are the 73 Lithuanian names for fungal species provided by L. Ivinskis. In the first part of the manuscript, Agaricus aeruginosus IV Pratella, 76 descriptions of fungi are provided, but Lithuanian terms are not given for all the descriptions. This part contains only 20 Lithuanian names for species of the Latin genus Agaricus, whereas the folders in the second part provide many more Lithuanian fungal names—53. Names of fungal genera In the surviving manuscript, L. Ivinskis provided the names of fungi belonging to 21 genera. Many of the genus names were coined by L. Ivinskis himself 48 neologisms, most often suffixal derivatives; only the names of two genera were probably taken from the colloquial language of the time: tapietajzis, Latin Merulius (~lapelaižis, present-day trob agr ybis), and pumpotaukšzlis, Latin Lycoperdon (~pumpotaukšlis, present-day pumpotaukšlis). The terms in the Mushroom Atlas can be compared with those in another manuscript by L. Ivinskis, “Prigimtūmenė,” and with the terms used by Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža (1771–1849). “Prigimtūmenė” is L. Ivinskis’s largest work on the natural sciences; in its second part, “Žolėmina,” he presented a systematic list of fungi and plants. “Prigimtūmenė” (abbreviated Pr) gives the Lithuanian term alongside its equivalents in Latin and, in many cases, Polish and German. The aforementioned Latin genera Merulius and Lycoperdon are also distinguished in “Prigimtūmenė,” where L. Ivinskis included synonyms in addition to the genus names given in the Mushroom Atlas, for example: gajdkojis arba tapielażzis, Latin Merulius, Polish Stroczek, German Aderschwamm Pr 66, compare gaidgrybis PB 124; pumpòta ukšlis (skužbezd is, kukūrbezd is), Latin Lycoperdon, German Flockenstreuling Pr 62, compare pampotaukšlis PB 141. In the Mushroom Atlas manuscripts, most of the names given are for species of the Latin genus Agaricus, but the Lithuanian name of this genus is abbreviated pl. L. Ivinskis probably abbreviated plauskį (present-day pievagrybis), since in “Prigimtūmenė” this genus is called plàuskis, Latin Agaricus, Polish Bdta, bedłka, German Blätterpilz Pr 67. The word plauskis is not found in the “Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language” (LKŽ), so it may be a neologism coined by L. Ivinskis. J. A. Pabrėža used another word for this genus: budė PB 116. L. Ivinskis named the genus Boletus skilėminis (~skylėminis: skylė + -ėminis, present-day baravykas). He used this word for the Latin species Boletus perennis, naming it skilėminis twėrantėsis; elsewhere he wrote the genus name Boletus in abbreviated form, so it is possible to infer from the species epithet alone that the feminine noun was used for this genus, for example, Boletus circinans, Boletus granulatus – Sk. rupsnòtinė, (compare Bolétus granulátus – šilinis baravykas LBŽ 51). Thus, it is most likely that here, as in the names of other species, L. Ivinskis abbreviated the same genus name that he gives in “Prigimtūmenė”: skilėmina, Latin Boletus, Polish Huba, German Röhrenpilz Pr 67. The LKŽ also gives another variant of this word 49 variant: skyliamynas I, Mt, KŽ “bot. bolete (Boletus)” LKŽ XII 887, whose oldest source is cited as the writings of L. Ivinskis. This may evidently be a difference in reading. Probably the principal name for the genus Boletus proposed by L. Ivinskis should be considered his neologism skylėmina, formed from the noun skylė (“hole”) and the variant suffix -ėmina of -menė. L. Ivinskis also coined many neologisms with this suffix and its variants in “Prigimtūmenė.” J. A. Pabrėža proposed calling this genus skylelių grybas (see PB 151). Using the suffix variant -ėmina and other variants of the suffix -menė, L. Ivinskis coined several more names for fungal genera, for example: veliėmina, Latin Isaria (~velėmina: velti + -ėmina), compare veliėmina, Latin Isaria, Polish Włóknica, German Keulenschopf Pr 53, driekys PB 121; rūdmina, Latin Rubigo, Uredo (~rūdmina: rūdė “rust” + -mina), compare rūdmina, Latin Uredo, German Staubbrand, Zellenbrand Pr 44, rudis PB 148; digminis, Latin Hydnum (~dygminys: dygus + -minys, present-day dyglutis), compare digminis, Latin Hydnum, Polish Kolczak, German Stachelpilz Pr 66, Hydnum – dyglutis, synonyms: dygminas (Iv, Mln), diguonėitis (Iv, St) LBŽ 172, gylinykas PB 125. For naming four fungal genera, L. Ivinskis provided derivatives with the suffix -enis, for example: gniaužtėnis, Latin Helvella (~gniaužtenis: gniaužta + -enis, present-day bobausis), compare gniaužtėnis, Latin Helvella (Helvelie), German Lorchel Pr 65, Helvėlla – bobausis (Mr), synonyms: gniaužtenis (Iv) LBŽ 166, alvytė PB 111; mejsenis, Latin Gymnosporangium (~meisenis: meisa “flesh” + -enis), compare mejsenis, Latin Gymnosporangium, German Nacktspore Pr 45; szukenis, Latin Clavaria (~šukenis: šukos “comb” + -enis, present-day žagarūnas), compare winėnis, Latin Clavaria, German Keulentrager Pr 63, buožys PB 117; for the Latin genus Tremella, L. Ivinskis used the neologism drebūnis, but named the species Latin Tremella mesenterica gaidkojėnis mejsietasis, Polish Kisielec pomarańczowy, German Gallertpilz (~gaidkojenis: gaidkojis + -enis, present-day raukšlinis žiūrytis). Besides the aforementioned derivative with the suffix -ūnis, drėbūnis, Latin Tremella (~drebūnis: dreba + -ūnis, present-day žiūrytis), compare drėbūnis, Latin Tremella, Tremelle, German Gallertpilz Pr 63, žiūrytis PB 164, L. Ivinskis used one more derivative with this suffix in the Mushroom Atlas to name a fungal genus, but also provided a synonym: ausūnis, bobausis, Latin Peziza (~ausūnis: 50 ear + -ūnis, today ausūnis), cf. ausūnis (bōbausis), Latin Peziza, Polish Kustrzebka, German Becherpilz Pr 64, ausele PB 112. Two genus names are formed with the suffix -ėtras: dailiėtras, Latin Telephora (~dailėtras: dailus ‘beautiful’ + -ėtras, today karpininkas), cf. dailiėtras, Latin Telephora, German Warzenpilz Pr 65, karpinys PB 128; rudiėtras, Latin Erineum (~rūdėtras: rūdė ‘rust’ + -ėtras), cf. rudiėtras, Latin Erineum, German Trichterflocke Pr 48 and rudetras ‘bot. Erineum: Mt’ LKŽ XI 867, raudinininkas PB 148. The suffix -ėtras, like the previously mentioned -mina, is rare. L. Ivinskis also liked to coin new words using rare and unproductive Lithuanian suffixes. With the suffixes -ėtras, -mina and their variants, he also formed names for minerals and many plant genera. To name fungal genera, L. Ivinskis provided one derivative each with the suffixes -elė, -einis, -muo and -urys, for example: miegėlė, Latin Cyathus (~miegelė: miega ‘granary’ + -elė, today miegė), cf. miegėlė, Latin Cyathus, Polish Kubek, German Becherpilz Pr 62, Cyathus – miegos (Iv) LBŽ 112, kylyszkuns~klyškūnas PTA 830; spatèjnis, Latin Spathularia (~spateinis: spatas ‘spade’ + -einis, today skiauterýtė), cf. kāstuwis, Latin Spathulea, German Spatelpilz Pr 64; spjāudmuo, Latin Spumaria (~spjaudmuo: spjaudė ‘spat’ + -muo), cf. spjāudmuo, Latin Spumaria, German Schaumpilz Pr 59, Spumaria álbā – putininkas (P), synonym: spiauda (Iv, St) LBŽ 332, putininkas PB 143; wingurīs, Latin Daedalea (~vingurys: vingis ‘curve’ + -urys, today vinguris), cf. wingurīs, Latin Daedalea, German Wirrschwamm Pr 66, Daedálea cinérea – pilkasis vinguris (Iv) LBŽ 115, tink lunas PB 157. Two fungal genus names given in the mushroom atlas are compounds: 1) kautāgribis, žemtaukis, žemės taukāj, Latin Phallus (~kaulagrybis: kaulas ‘bone’ + grybas ‘mushroom’, žemtaukis: žemė ‘earth’ + taukai ‘fat’, today poniabudė). The first word is a coinage by L. Ivinskis, while the other two synonyms were probably taken from colloquial speech. “Prigimtūmenė” gives only one term: kautāgribis, Latin Phallus, Polish Sromotnik, German Gichtschwamm Pr 62; compare also Ithyphallus impudicus – poniabudė, synonyms: kiaulgrybis (Iv, Mn), žemės taukai (Ak, P, Kos) LBŽ 181, smirdek lis PB 152; 2) kietvilkis, Latin Scleroderma (~kietvilkis: kietas ‘hard’ + vilki, vilkėti ‘to wear’, today ankštenė), cf. kiètwil kis, Latin Scleroderma, Polish Tęgoskór, German Fellstreuling, Hartbovist Pr 61, Sclerodérma vulgáre – ankštenė (Iv) LBŽ 316, twyrtskuris~tvirts kūris PTA 867. 51 A review of L. Ivinskis’s fungal genus names shows that in both the mushroom atlas and “Prigimtūmenė” he essentially used the same names; only two terms differ: Latin Clavaria – szuk enis and winėnis Pr 63, and Latin Spathularia – spatėjnis and kaštūwis Pr 64. The latter names differ in that the base word of the term given in the mushroom atlas is a borrowing, whereas the base word of the name used in “Prigimtūmenė” is Lithuanian; moreover, different derivational formants are used. Names of mushroom species The fungal species names in L. Ivinskis’s mushroom atlas, like those used today, are two-word compound terms; only the word order differs. In current species names, the dependent element indicating the species comes first, while the main element indicating the genus comes second, for example, tikrinis baravykas. L. Ivinskis apparently followed the Latin and Polish terms and used the reverse order: he placed first the main element indicating the genus and then the species element, for example, pumpōtaukšlis kraušžinis, Latin Lycoperdon pyriforme, Polish Purchawka gruszkowata, German Birnförmige Bovist (~pumpotaukšlis kraušžinis), cf. pampotaukšlis grūšlytis PB 141. In nearly half of all the species names given in the mushroom atlas, the species elements are adjectives with the suffix -inis, for example: rū dmina skujinė, Latin Rubigo Pini, Uredo Pinus, Polish Śnieć jodłowa, German Brand, Staubbrand, Zellenbrand (~rūdmina skujinė); wingūris anžuolinis, Latin Daedalea quercina, Agaricus quercinus, Agaricus labyrinthiformis, Polish Siatkowiec dębowy (~vingurys anžuolinis, today ąžuolinis vinguris). The names of species in the mushroom atlas most often indicate a characteristic distinguishing feature of the fungus. Many such terms’ species elements, expressed by adjectives with the suffix -inis, show the association of those fungal species with trees, for example: plàuskis apušinis, Latin Agaricus rimicoleus, Polish Bedłka osinowa (~plauskis apušinis); plàuskis glusninis, Latin Agaricus salignus, Pleurotus salignus, Polish Bedłka wierzhowa, Czech Massowky, German Grosser Weidenschwamm (~plauskis gluosninis, today gluosninė kreivabudė); mejšėnis kadagìnis, Latin Gymnosporangium junperi, Tremella juniperina, German Nacktpore (~meisenis kadaginis), cf. Gymnos- 52 porángium aucupáriæ – juniperinum – rowan juniper jelly rust LBŽ 161; apple polypore, Latin Agaricus mali, Agaricus serotinus, Polish Bedłka jabłoniowa (~apple polypore); paper rust, Latin Erineum populinum, Polish Rdzawnik osinowy (~paper rust), cf. raudiniṅkas tapalinis PB 148; for naming the latter species, L. Ivinskis used an adjective formed from the German loanword papelis (cf. pėplė, pãpelis, Latin Populus, Polish Topola, German Pappel Pr 146), among others. Other specific components indicate: 1) the fungus’s resemblance to something, e.g.: club-shaped puffball, Latin Lycoperdon globosum, Polish Purchawka kulista, Russian Дождевик шарообразный, German Kugelstaubpilz (~club-shaped puffball); spatula-like club fungus, Latin Clavaria spathulata, Spathularia flavida, Polish Łopatnica żółtawa, German Keulenträger (~spatula-like club fungus, currently yellow spathularia) and others; 2) the fungus’s habitat, e.g.: field false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus agrarius, Polish Bedłka rolowa, Russian Поляный пластиночник, German Feldblätterpilz (~field false-tinder fungus); dense-tuft coral fungus, Latin Clavaria fastigiata, Polish Goździeńec skupiony (~dense-tuft coral fungus); fence polypore, Latin Daedalea sepiaria, Polish Siatkowiec płotowy, German Zaunpilz (~fence polypore, currently fence maze-gill); cf. fence maze-gill PB 157, and others; 3) a characteristic property of the fungus, e.g.: narcotic false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus narcoticus, Polish Bedłka ckliwa (~narcotic false-tinder fungus); salivating false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus salivaceus, Polish Bedłka ślinnik, Russian Вонючий пластиночник, German Speiblätterpilz (~salivating false-tinder fungus); rough false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus asper, Polish Bedłka chropowata, German Rauherblätterpilz (~rough false-tinder fungus), and others. Most specific components formed with the suffix -inis have nouns as their base words, but an occasional such adjective is derived from an adjective, e.g.: variegated false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus varius, Polish Bedłka różnoksztaltna (~variegated false-tinder fungus); pale false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus praecox, Pholiota praecox, Polish Bedłka miejska, German Frühschwamm (~pale false-tinder fungus); headed puffball, Latin Lycoperdon excipuliforme, Polish Purchawka fiolowata (~headed puffball), cf. bottle-shaped puffball PB 141, or a participle, for example, velvety false-tinder fungus, Latin Agaricus pruinatus, Merulius tubaeformis, villosus, Polish Bedłka szronowata (~velvety false-tinder fungus). 53 Species names in another group use qualitative adjectives as specific components. In the terms L. Ivinskis provides of this type, only definite-form adjectives are used, e.g.: the yellow tapialtažis, Latin Merulius aureus, Merulius Vastator, Polish Stroczek niszczący, German Faltenschwamm (~the yellow lapelāižis), cf. gaidrybys pudytojas PB 124; the striped miegėlė, Latin Cyathus striatus, Polish Kubek porysowany, German Becherpilz (~the striped miegėlė, now rievėtoji miege), cf. kylyszkuns nywletasias-kyliskūnas rievėtasis PTA 830, etc. Such terms account for about one quarter of all species names in the mushroom atlas. Many species names in this group indicate a characteristic feature of the mushroom, e.g.: the mejsietāsis gaidkojėnis, Latin Tremella mesenterica, Polish Kisielec pomarańczowy, German Gallertpilz (~the mejsietāsis gaidkojėnis, now wrinkled žiūrytis), cf. žiūrytis šepsinis PB 164; the grovietāsis ptauškis, Latin Agaricus plicatilis, Polish Bedłka fałdowana (~plauskis griovėtas), cf. budė dvokanė PB 116; the branched szukėnis, Polish Clavaria cristata, Clavaria rugosa, Goździeniec pasożytny (~branched šukėnis), and others. The specific components of several terms describe the mushroom's color, e.g.: the brownish gniaužtėnis, Latin Helvella nigricans, Helvella lacunosa, Polish Piestrzenica szara, Russian Сморчевикъ отменивший, German Dunkellorchel (~the brown gniaužtėnis, now urvuotasis bobausis); the yellow kėmpine skilėmina, Latin Boletus citrinus, Boletus sulfureus, Polish Huba cytrynowa, Russian Дубовой скважникъ, German Eichschwamm (~the yellow kempinė skylėmina, now valgomoji geltonpinė); the pale-yellow kietvilkis, Latin Scleroderma citrinum, Polish Tęgoskór żółtawy, German Fellstreuling, hartbovist (~the pale-yellow kietvilkis, now paprastoji ankštenė), cf. twyrtskuris Cytrunaawasis~tvirtskuris citrinavaisis PTA 867. L. Ivinskis also provided several species names that indicate a species' relations to other species, e.g.: the small digminis smūlkėsis, Latin Hydnum Auriscalpium, Polish Kolczak połowkowy, Russian Шиповикъ половинный, German Ohrstachelschwamm (~the small dygminys, now paprastasis ausiadaglis), cf. ausies raktuvas PB 125; the common pumpōtaukszlis, meadow pumpōtaukszlis, Latin Lycoperdon pratense, Polish Purchawka łąkowa, Russian Дождевикъ луговой (~common and meadow pumpotau kšlis), cf. pampotau kšlis lankinis PB 141; spitting mushroom 54 common, Latin Spumaria Mucilago, Polish Szunek zwyczajny, German Schaumpilz (~common spittle mold), cf. putininkas glima PB 143. Three more terms belong among the species names of the second group; their species element is expressed not by adjectives but by definite participles, e.g.: covered gnawing, Latin Helvella Monachella, Helvella spadicea, Polish Piestrzenica kryta, Russian Сморщевикъ монахообразный, German Nonnenlorchel (~covered gnawing); persistent pore fungus, Latin Boletus perennis, Ochroporus perenis, Polish Huba trwała, Russian Скважникъ постоянный, German Dauernder Röhrenpilz (~persistent pore fungus, now winter-persistent dry-pore fungus); witch’s felt, Latin Isaria mucida, Polish Włóknica pleśniowata, German Keulenschopf (~witch’s felt), cf. moldy stalk fungus PB 121. The species elements of seven terms are compound adjectives most likely coined by L. Ivinskis himself, e.g.: white-crested inkcap or white-crested, Latin Coprinus porcellanus, Polish Bedłka kopak arbo czubajka, Russian Коровякъ колпаковидный пластинчоникъ, Czech Knognik, German Schopfförmiger Mistchwamm, French Agaric fimetaire typhoide (~white-crested inkcap: white + crest); white-yolk inkcap, Latin Agaricus dealbatus, Polish Bedłka biała wa, German Ueberweisssterblätterpilz (~white-yolk inkcap: white + yolk); black-bunched inkcap, Latin Agaricus atro-tomentosus (~black-bunched inkcap: black + bunch, now black-stemmed mushroom), cf. blackish inkcap PB 116; black-stemmed inkcap, Latin Agaricus velutipes, Collybia velutipes, Polish Opieńka aksamitno-trzona, Czech Bedla aksamitonoha, German Sammetstieliger Blätterschwamm (~black-stemmed inkcap: black + stem + -ed), cf. velvet-footed inkcap PB 116; slender-stemmed inkcap, Latin Agaricus dermocybe, Polish Bedłka krucha (~slender-stemmed inkcap: slender + stem); hairy-crested inkcap, Latin Agaricus floccosus, Agaricus squarrosus, Polish Bedłka nastroszona (~hairy-crested inkcap: hair + crest), cf. shaggy inkcap PB 116; birch-leaved rust fungus, Latin Erineum voseum, Polish Rdza wn ik fiole-towy (~birch-leaved rust fungus: birch + leaf + -ed). Ten species names stand out from the others: these are appositional compound terms whose species element is expressed by a noun, e.g.: golden-veil inkcap, Latin Agaricus aurivellus (arachnoideus), Polish Bedłka złotogłowa, German Goldflammigerblätterpilz (~golden-veil inkcap: veil 55 “veil” + -enis); olive-bunched inkcap, Latin Agaricus rufodivaceus, Polish Bedtka żółto diwkowa (~olive-bunched inkcap: bunch + -minas); dusty inkcap, Latin Agaricus penarius, Agaricus nitens, Polish Bedtka przyprószona (~dusty inkcap: become dusty + -nis); red inkcap, Latin Agaricus sanguineus, Polish Bedtka krwisto-czerwona (~red inkcap: red + -ūčias); stinking inkcap, Latin Agaricus putescens, Polish Bedtka złowonna (~stinking inkcap: stinks + -menys). L. Ivinskis used appositional compound terms to name species of the Latin genus Agaricus. The nouns serving as the species elements in these names are suffix derivatives, most of which were apparently coined by L. Ivinskis himself, e.g.: solitary inkcap, Latin Agaricus Columbetta, Polish Bedtka samotna (~solitary inkcap: separate + -ūlis); yellowing inkcap, Latin Agaricus lutescens, Polish Bedtka żółkniejąca (~yellowing inkcap: yellow + -oklis); arched inkcap, Latin Agaricus armeniacus, Polish Bedtka brzoskwiniofarbna, German Aprikosenfarbigerblätterpilz (~arched inkcap: arched + -ūnis); hairy inkcap, Latin Agaricus vaccinus, Polish Bedtka dziana (~hairy inkcap: hair + -ūtris); red-tinged death cap, Latin Agaricus rubens, Amanita rubescens, Polish Muchomor czerwónawy, bedłka szaro-czerwonawabub siwa, Russian Красноватый пластиночник, Czech Sediwa muchomorka, German Röthlicher Blätterschwamm (~red-tinged death cap: red + -ūnis, now blusher). Appositional compound terms are quite rare in current mycological and botanical nomenclature. Species names whose species element is expressed by an adjective are more characteristic. L. Ivinskis also used this type of term most often. Conclusions In his atlas of fungi, L. Ivinskis most often coined new names for the fungal genera presented there. He used both types of word formation—derivation and compounding. L. Ivinskis formed most new terms using suffixation. He formed fungal genus names not only with productive Lithuanian suffixes, such as -enis, but also 56 with very few formations: -mina, -ėtras. Only a few names are provided for genera of bracket fungi. The structure of L. Ivinskis’s mushroom species names differs from that of terms used today in that the principal component, indicating the genus, is given first, followed by the species component. The species component of mushroom species names is most often expressed by an adjective with the suffix -inis or by a qualitative adjective in its pronominal form. The mushroom atlas also contains one or two appositional compound terms. L. Ivinskis consistently used the same mushroom names both in the surviving drafts of the mushroom atlas and in “Prigimtūmenė.” The terms he proposed differ from the mushroom names used by J. A. Pabrėža, who lived before him, so it can be argued that L. Ivinskis worked independently and did not make use of J. A. Pabrėža’s works. Although L. Ivinskis’s mushroom atlas, which had been sent to the world’s fair, disappeared, and only its unpublished drafts survived, several mushroom names coined by L. Ivinskis entered common usage and have survived to the present day, e.g.: aũšuris, vinguris, etc. Abbreviations Czech – Czech; dag. – name currently in use; LBŽ – Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas / compiled by the Botanical Dictionary Commission, chaired by L. Vailionis, ed. J. Dagys. Kaunas, 1938. Polish – Polish; LKŽ – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius, 1956–1999. Vols. 1–19. LLTIR – manuscript collection of the library of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore; Latin – Latin; PB – Pabrėža J. A. Botanika arba taislius auguminis. Shenandoah, 1900. cf. – compare; Pr – Ivinskis L. Prigimtūmenė (manuscript); French – French; PTA – Pabrėža J. A. Tayslós augimiu (manuscript); Russian – Russian; German – German; see 57 Literatūra 1. Gaivenis K. Lietuvos augalų genčių ir rūšių pavadinimai // Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai: Mokslo kalbos kultūros ir terminologijos problemos. Vilnius, 1985. T. 24. P. 165–178. 2. Gricius A., Matelis A. Lietuvos grybai: Afiloforiečiai 2(Aphyllophorales). Vilnius, 1996. T. 6. D. 2. 3. Matulionis P. Žolynas: Lietuvos augalų žodynas ir augalų taislas. Vilnius, 1907. 4. Mazelaitis J., Urbanas V. Lietuvos grybai. Vilnius, 1980. 5. Petkevičiūtė D. Laurynas Ivinskis. Vilnius, 1988. 6. Urbanas V. Lietuvos grybai: Kempiniečiai (Polyporales), žvynbaravykiečiai (Strobilomycetales), baravykiečiai (Boletales), guoteniečiai (Hygrophorales). Vilnius, 1997. T. 8. D. 1. L. IVINSKIS’ MYCOLOGICAL TERMS Summary In the institute of Lithuanian literature and folklore there is a rough copy of Ivinskis’ atlas of mushrooms. It covers 226 pages and includes the author’s drawings. Ivinskis described mushrooms in Polish, but he also gave 73 Lithuanian names of the species of mushroom, which are important for Lithuanian terminology. In order to name genera of mushrooms Ivinskis created neologisms. Most of them were made using suffixation. Ivinskis formed names of genera of mushrooms using not only common Lithuanian suffixes, e.g. -enis (gniaužtėnis), but also with rare ones -mina, -ėtras (rūdmina, dajliėtras). The structure of Ivinskis’ names of the species is different from the structure of present-day terms. First of all he gave the name of the main component describing the genus and then the name of the species, e.g. pumpōtaukšzlis kraušzinis. The specific component of the names of species is usually an adjective with the suffix -inis or a definite adjective, e. g. wingūris anžuolinis, tapieżlajzis getōnāzis. Ivinskis consistently used the same names of mushrooms both in his atlas of mushrooms and in “Prigimtūmenė”. He worked independently and did not make use of the works of J. A. Pabrėža. Albina AUKSORIŪTĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Antakalnio g. 6 LT-2055, Vilnius El. paštas [email protected] Gauta 2000 09 26 58