Ar įteisinsime terminą „raktažodis“?

WILL WE CORRECT THE TERM keyword? Define the meaning of words and you will save mankind from half of its errors R. Descartes In the last decade, the Lithuanian language vocabulary has changed considerably as if a mill had broken. The rapid changes in social life, the increasing flow of information and the associated rush to identify new realities inevitably affect the vocabulary. This is a self-evident phenomenon. However, when new words appear like mushrooms after the rain, even trained people do not understand — they are their own Lithuanian language or foreign bodies. And when the same concept takes five or six names in the scientific jargon—it is also not good. This article is about words that have been used relatively recently in the scientific language. The requirement to provide an English abstract (abstract) with the key words specified in it, apparently, gave impetus to the emergence of a new concept in Lithuanian abstracts. Since the spelling of the English language varies (both key words and keywords), the Lithuanian language immediately “enriched” by 2 units — one used the compound rakiniai žodžiai, the other — the created keywords. Although they do not belong to any single branch of science, they can be considered terms because they name concepts as members of a certain system. However, their thermal value is to be considered. Here we come to the first obstacle: one of the distinctive features of the term is the precisely defined meaning (see Gaivenis 2002: 13), and what concept of breadth is represented by the keyword or its competing keyword is not quite clear from the usage. As mentioned above, the keyword (keyword) has basically become the attribute of a certain type of scientific discourse – the abstract. Although the need to name the words raised to a special position was first of all necessary to make it easier to use the databases of the information system, the established tradition of indicating key words in the annotations of articles published in English first prompted to look at how the English understand this concept. However, not all explanatory dictionaries of English include kev word among the words with the suffix key (see Cambridge Dictionary 1995) — other collocations are more common: key-stone, key-man, etc. In some dictionaries key-word is present. The Explanatory Illustrated Oxford Dictionary lists the following key word meanings: "very important word"; “an information word used by an information retrieval system to identify the content of a document” (Kindersley 2001). The latter’s meanings given in explanatory dictionaries, of course, did not take long to appear in English-Lithuanian dictionaries. In one of them, among the compound nouns with the suffix kev, there is also the key-word we are interested in; its meaning: 157 ‘key of a cipher, etc.’; spec. „bazinis /reikšminis žodis“ (Piesarskas 2002), It should be noted that this is a special purpose word, —this emphasizes not only it as a term. specificity, but also the definiteness of use. In the Lithuanian Explanatory Dictionary of Computing we also already find the word “free search” — based on it, the term “free search” is explained: “document search by keywords or descriptors” (Paulauskas, Jasinevičius 1995: 137). Thus, as we see, both translators and computer specialists also provide variants of the colloquial term — a selection: should it be called an information word, a reference word, a base word, or a descriptor? The further into the forest, the more trees, and of coursemo Nothing. Only one thing is clear: the keyword did not appear in the Lithuanian language database — it was created (or rather, translated) following the example of another language. This sequence can be called linguistic induction. In general, value, according to J. Klimavičius, is “a broad and complex dialinguistic and interlinguistic phenomenon” (2002: 137). In the present age of globalization, it is undoubtedly inevitable: new concepts from the culture or science of other nations are often borrowed with the words of those languages, not named original innovations. Terminologist S. Keinys recalls the example of the 18th-century translators: they did not blindly translate terms from other languages, but tried to use their creative powers, relying on the Lithuanian language base (Keinys 2003: 58). It is believed that the keyword was created precisely as a result of the influence of English. There is a similar unit in German (Schliisselindustrie, Schliisselperson; Schliisselwort). In Russian, the word war, as in the aforementioned languages, has the meaning of "main" (see Lemchenas, Macaitis 2000), so the semantic harmony of the words kawuesoe c10860 is also questionable. ' Incidentally, Schliisselwort, if it is given, which is not done in all dictionaries, is usually translated as a code word, a cipher key, and the meaning of "most important, main" is only given as the meaning of the word Schliissel (see Bojiburoit cAioBaps 1980). 158 In English, the first dot key "key", as indicated by most dictionaries, has about 13 meanings: firstly, it is indicated that it means certain instruments; In addition, key also means "the way to understand", "the basis of policy, the main principle", and can also have the meaning of the adjective "the main, the most important". Thus key is perfectly compatible with note "main tone, leitmotif", kev-stone "cornerstone", kev-speech "main message, speech setting the tone for the meeting", key man "person holding the position of leader" And so on. In Lithuanian the word raktas also has different meanings; some of them correspond to the meaning of the English word key. However, the meaning of the adjective “main, most important” is not specified by any, even the great Lithuanian dictionary (in other words, it is not in the system of meanings). It is true that, as in English dictionaries, the figurative meaning is given as “a way to understand, to explain (e.g., He found a key that unlocks the riddles of history), but we certainly do not use our keyword in this sense, that is, it has neither the meaning of “code” nor “a way to unlock”. Explaining the path of the colloquial word’s emergence in Lithuanian, attention should be paid to its purpose of use. It is no coincidence that key word has been added to English dictionaries relatively recently. It has already been mentioned that in the latest dictionaries it is interpreted as “an information word used in an information search engine to identify the content of a document- ”. First of all, we need to think about the equivalent of the unit used with this meaning in Lithuanian. Perhaps what has been said could be called supporting words, or perhaps, as explained in B. Piesarskas’ dictionary, an informational word (even better — an informative word). Of course, it is always particularly important to define the breadth of the scope of the term. Judging by the examples of the use of the keyword (or keywords) in the annotations of scientific articles, this word, which is a candidate for the term, is used in Lithuanian with a very vague meaning. If they were to be understood as the main words of the article, we could also propose the equivalent key-terms, which is close to the English key word in tropo, but conveys the Lithuanian way of thinking (see kertiniai postulatai and kerti- * Can also be key-terms. This unit is used in the title of a book recently published in our libraries (see Key Terms 2001). 159 stones). To the opposing ir arguments that the term should be nominative but expressive, it would be possible to propose variants most important terms ne essential words key words ar | (plg. Zajankauskas 2003: 57). By comparing the annotations, in which the į words with a special position are written, it becomes clear that the authors use it in a different meaning — perhaps in the meaning of the nominative word mentioned in the article, etc. ar For example: keywords: sexuality, understanding of love, teenager; keywords: education, education, teaching, pedagogy; key words: economic theory, rationalism empiricism, hypothesis, theory verification, scientific method; Key words: sustainable through participation, social innovation, rural community, social ir exclusion; „key words: career, career training, career training policy; words of the list of common words, meaningful words (key-words) revealing the content of the text under study allow to research... by means of language; „at the beginning there is an annotation of 300-400 characters (4-5 lines and 3-5 meaningful words (keywords)*. Of course, it is very important what content is wrapped in the shell of the spoken term, but, anyway, both the combination keywords and the phrase keywords are based on non-Lithuanian iš language semantic resources, so their terminological value is doubtful. After all, one of the most important linguistic requirements of terms is their regularity (Gaivenis 2002: 36), and the keyword, as mentioned, is a blind value (secret loan) formed according to the semantic model of another language. In Lithuanian there are puns (noun, spell word, crossword, etc.) that correspond to the formal scheme of the unit key word, but their elements are connected by a different semantic relationship. It is true that terminology knows that words of the general lexicon can acquire a special meaning when they become terms — their semantics can change, but we should not try to artificially transfer the semantic system of one language to another (see Keinys 2003: 58). The verb verbs first appear in the translation of scientific literature, in the translation of dictionaries of terms, and later some of them are spread and used in the colloquial language (see Kaulakienė 1974: 32). It seems that the same can be said for a keyword. If we adopt a keyword (or keywords) into our language, then how do we prevent the key verse, key concepts, key decisions from being made? * Examples taken from Vytautas Magnus University textbook (see Textbook). 160 mams, key qualifications, key skills, key mindset expression, even key day for key positions. ir These are ne combinations invented by the author — that they have already been invented in recent years is shown by the textbook of Vytautas the Great University, which we have already heard from distinguished speakers speaking on television or radio. We will probably hear from other people soon. So it is high time to clear up the terminological mess in the annotations, so that it does not have a continuation in the language as a whole. In addition to the above-mentioned units, some publications of scientific papers in the annotations write others: the significant word, the semantic word, and sometimes the main words. Of them, perhaps, only the latter is worth attention, because both the term meaningful words and meaningful words would be logically faulty — ar other words used in the scientific language have no meaning, that only a part of them are considered meaningful? Considering the terms used in scientific articles in the position of annotations keywords, keywords, semantic words, meaningful words, key words, it can be concluded that only key words are semantically possible and correspond to the essence (it emphasizes the significance and universality of spoken words). Given the preference to Lithuanian terms, we could also choose from the following units: supporting words, essential words, most important words, perhaps as terms more acceptable according to purpose, especially computer metalanguages, more suitable base words or informative words? One thing is clear, that these words are not similar to the key externally (e.g., clavicle, O clove) and the text is not unlocked by them (e.g., ir the combination cipher key), so the metaphorical term rakražodis is unsuccessful. The function of colloquial words is different, so until the jic has established itself, it is high time for terminologists to choose the most suitable variant and popularize it as soon as possible in the scientific language. LITERATURE bonswoin cAtoBaps 1980: boavuwou Kemeuko-pycekuū caosaps /non. head. O. H. MockanbcKoH, MocxrkBa. Cambridge Dictionary 1995: Cambridge International Dictionary of English, Cambridge. Gaivenis K. 2002: Lithuanian Terminology: Theory and Structure, Vilnius. Kaulakienė A. 1974: Practical values in the terminology of exact sciences. —The culture of language 27, 30-33. 161 Keinys S. 2003: National Specificity of Terminology. —Man and Word: Didactic Linguistics 5, 57-63. Key Terms 2001: Key Terms in Language and Culture JA. Duranti. Kindersley D. 2001: Oxford Illustrated Dictionary, Oxford. 2002. "Kazimierz Gajewski". Theory and Practice of the English Language [rec.]. —Terminologija 9, 129-148. Lemchenas Ch., Macaitis J. 2000: Russian-Lithuanian Dictionary, Vilnius. Paulauskas K. V,, Jasinevičius R. 1995: Explanatory Dictionary of Computing, Kaunas. Piesarskas B. 2002: The Great English-Lithuanian Dictionary, Vilnius. Textbook —http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/tekstynas. Zajankauskas S. 2003: On the urgency of time management. —Terminology at the beginning of the third millennium: Thesis of the International Scientific Conference, Vilnius, 55-58. Gražina AKELAITIENĖ Received 2003-11-25 Vilnius Pedagogical University T. Ševčenkos g. 31, LT-2009 Vilnius Email: [email protected]