Ligų pavadinimai „Lietuvos ūkininko“ priede „Sveikata“ (1909–1928)

HISTORY OF TERMINOLOGY Palmira ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language NAME OF DISEASE IN THE LITHUANIAN FARMER'S SUPPLEMENT SVEIKATA (1909-1928) In 1909 the Lithuanian farmer's supplement "Sveikata" was published, edited by Dr. Kazys Grinius. “This is the primary medical journal in Lithuanian language. — dedicated to the dissemination of health knowledge among the broad masses” (Grinius 1922: 16). After the war, the issue of Sveikata was interrupted, it was renewed in 1920 and ran uninterruptedly until 1928. : Dr. P. Avižonis. 1909) 1979 – Dr. K. Grinius, Lithuanian physician (b. Skarlatina (1909 4), Dr. K. Grinius. 1910) 1910 – Dr. A. Sketeris, Estonian physician (b. 1910) 1944 – Dr. Henry K. Grinius, American physician (b. About diphtheria (1911 2), S. M. Bloody (Dysentery) (1911 12) and others — a total of 17 booklets. From 1912 to 1915, it appeared every four weeks; from 1920 to 1924, every two months; and from 1925 to 1928, every month. From the headings of the articles it is clear that the Veikkaus has written a lot about diseases—How to protect yourself from nervous weakness (1913 1), Vaccinate children against smallpox! (1914 4), How to get sick from fever (typhoid). (1914 5), About obesity (1914 6), About war diseases (1915 1), How to cleanse yourself from spotted fever and other contagious diseases (1920 1), About contagious diseases of pupils (1920 4), About trachoma disease and the fight against it "Iki 1914 m. Nr. 5 —Lietuvos ukininkas, nuo 1914 m. Nr. 6 —Lietuvos ūkininkas. ? The newspaper Lietuvos ūkininkas (Lithuanian Farmer) published several supplements in addition to Sveikata: Žemė (The Land) (1907—1928- ); School (1909-1912- ), later as supplement to Lithuanian Knowledge; Jaunimas (Youth) (1910-— 1933), later as an independent publication; The lighthouse (1911-1913- ); Supplement to Literature (1921-1922- ); Municipality and cooperative (1921-1924); Overview (1930-1932) (see LTE VII 1981: 13). 70 (1921 4), The most important diseases of this spring (1924 2), About diseases from medicines (1924 4), Is drought cured? (1925 5), Neurasthenia or Attacks (1928 2) and others. ; about hygiene, sanitation —Kuno švarumas (1914 4), What do we need to be healthy? (1920 1), About saunas (1920 2), How to wash (1920 4), etc., various other medical questions —On hypnosis (1912 5), Eye infection (1912 6), About homeopathy (1912 9), How to eat (1913 8, 9), On blood clots (1913 9, 10), On poisons and poisonings (1913 10, 11), On wounds (1914 1), Aging (1921 6), etc. In addition to the regular newsletter, there are also questions and answers sections. It often reviews new books and provides news on medical science. However, it should be noted that even before the appearance of the supplement Health, knowledge about diseases, as well as other medical issues was already spread quite a lot. For example, "the chronicles from 1310 describe many epidemics of diseases; quarantine measures have been taken before them. In the 16th century, city magistrates and nobles began to publish mandatory sanitary rules” (ME I 1991: 540). In the 18th century, there was a number of books written about the disease. These were various orders or instructions issued in Karaliaučius, e.g. : Royal oath, that no one without health signs or passports will bring foreign goods into the land of Prusy... [Order of King Frederick William I of Prussia on the prohibition of the admission into Prussia of merchants and other persons from countries affected by contagious diseases and plague without health certificates] (1738), Short expositions, as courted man bey those, kurrie doctor's giving no chance to leprosy... [Instructions of the Prussian Chief Medical College on the fight against leprosy] (1769), Instructions on the maintenance of health and protection against contagious diseases [Instructions of the Prussian authorities on the protection against contagious diseases] (1831), Absence of closure and disobedience of the cheso davada against the spreading of cholera disease called rubežu. [Order of the Prussian Government concerning measures to protect against the animal plague] (1831) and others. From 1846 onwards, in the Kalendarium published by L. Ivinskis, there was written about many different diseases of people in the section entitled Gidimas žmoniun nuog nekuriun ligun, e.g.: nuog druga, nuog karsczia, nuog gialtos, nuog pulamoses ligos (1846), nuog dziowos, nuog akmens (1857), nuog putmenu kuna, nuog kruwina widuriawima, nuog akiun karsčzia (1858), nuog stabdrugia, nuog kepenun ligos (1861), nuog pektos leprae, nuog padukima (1862), nuog pritvirtinies, nuog dedervenies (1878), etc. In 1848, J. Ugianskis published a booklet translated from Russian Regulas del skarbavu žmoniu, kayp savi reyk užleykiti nuog choleras, and kayp 71 greytey ratavoti prastoms naminioms lekarstoms..., which Dr. K. Grinius named as the first popularization of medical knowledge (Grinius 1922: 14), and in 1862, G. Beržanskis published the publication Abginimas dvasiskas. In the 1960s, the number of people living with the disease was estimated to be 200,000, and the number of deaths to be 300,000 (Bibliografija 1969: 3, 49, 129-134, 178, 304, 309, 420, 422, 523). During the period of the press ban (1865-1904) there were many newspapers (Auszra, Dirva-Žinynas, Lietuviszkasis Balsas, Naujienos, Szviesa, Tėvynės Sargas, Tilžės Keleivis, Ukinjkas, Varpas), calendars (Kalendorius or metskajtlus ukiszkasis- ..., Kalendorius ukiszkas Kataliku Ziamajeziu..., Kalendorius ukiszkasis- ..., Lietuwiszkas Auszros Kalendorius, Ukiskasis Kalendorius), booklets about diseases written or translated by individual authors (J. Basanavičius, P. Mikolainis, A. Sketeris, A. Vileišis, P. Vileišis and others) (Biržiška 1929: 544, 555, 564, 613, 639, 648, 1109, 1153, 1188, 1242, 1248, 1256-1257, 1303, 1318, 1323). After the printing press was restored (from 1904), even more printed material appeared — newspapers (Artojas, Lietuvos Ūkininkas, Šaltinis, Tėvynė, Vadovas, Vienybė, Vilniaus Žinios, Viltis, Žemdirbys, etc.), calendars (Biržų Kalendorius, Ūkiškasis Kalendorius, Vilniaus Kalendorius), which printed a number of articles about diseases. It should be emphasized that the number of medical books by individual authors also increased considerably, especially by Dr. A. Vileišis (Biržiška 1935: 1611, 1615-1616, 1634, 1638-1639, 681, 691, 709, 747, 789, 821, 873, 1030, 1042, 1064, 1086, 1105, 1108— 1650, 1659, 1710, 1711, 1712, 1713, 1714, 1715, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1719, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1729). 1715,1731, 1764-1766, 1775, 1795—1796, 1873, 1884, 1888, 1894, 1912, 1921, 1926, 1947-1948, 1989, 1909, 2044, 2053, 2066, 2090, 2101, 2115, 2130; Biržiška 1939: 2465, 2472, 2517, 2560-2561, 2564, 2570, 2573). In the years of the publication of the journal, a large number of medical books were published on diseases (a lot was written about infectious diseases), on such branches of medicine as obstetrics, gynecology, dentistry, pediatrics, as well as on anatomy, bacteriology, pharmacology, physiology and other sciences related to medicine. In addition, other newspapers were published to "spread medical knowledge", e.g. : The doctor (was from, according to him, "some I could not find, others I did not know" (Grinius 1922: 4, 6). This article reviews Healthy eating diseases? names according to their composition and origin. In terms of the bond, single-word and composite names of diseases are 72 1921) (published by the American Lithuanian Doctors' Society in Chicago), Medicine and Nature (a bimonthly journal of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Nature, published from 1913, but only a few issues were published), Medicine (a journal for doctors on medical theory and practice, published from 1920). When the war began, the publication of Sveikata was stopped, but the war years, according to Dr. K. Grinius, were “not entirely futile for medical publications” — in 1915 several medical brochures were published in Vilnius on the initiative of Moscow students (they were translated popular publications of the Pirogov Society), during the same period medical booklets were also published in America, and in addition, medical booklets began to be published by the Sanitary Department of the Ministry of National Defence and the Department of Health (Grinius 1922: 4, 7—23). Thus, Sveikata only continued the work of spreading medical knowledge and popularizing it among people. As you can see, beside Sveikata, various medical prints are published in abundance. As Dr. K. Grinius notes, “up to the end of 1921, about 150 individual popularizations of medicine were printed in Lithuanian alone”. In his list of medical books published in Lithuanian, there are as many as 204 positions. By the way, the author adds that some prints remained out of the list because. į distinguished. Compounds are divided into two-word, three-word and polynomial names according to the number of elements that make them up. In terms of origin, Lithuanian, foreign origin (international words and foreign words) and hybrid names of diseases are distinguished. Also separately discussed are cases of synonymy and variantity of disease names, some grammatical issues (Noun forms), names of diseases and groups of diseases with the nomenclatural word disease and finally names of diseases with Latin equivalents in other languages. * In the article no vicnu case the word disease is used conditionally. Some of the names mentioned here could be seen as symptoms of diseases or ailments in today’s eyes. The collection of material was simply following the tradition of the time. su ir 73 I. Monosyllabic names A number of monosyllabic names of diseases have been found in Sveikata. Very often the disease itself is ta called two, three, sometimes even four synonymous two, three o variant mononyms. ar Further examining the names of this species in terms of origin, we will separately discuss in ir jų more detail the ir variants of cases of synonymy. 1. Lithuanian names Most monosyllabic disease names consist of Lithuanian words, e.g. aptakius dedervinės Sv 19134 15,1920 5-6 4, Sv 1911 13,1913 2 7, 1914 624,19202 4, 19254 1, 1928 3 4, yellowish Sv 1913 27, 1920 5-6 3, 19224-51, grey Sv 1928 34, tuber Sv 191051, 19123 11, 1926 1112 3, kidney Sv 1920 4 4, 1922 3 4, 1925 3 2, 1926 9-10 2, 1928 3 3, warts Sv 1911 8 6, 1913 6 24, 19203 4, 1921 6 3, 19222 2, 1924 3 4, 1925 3 3, 1926 9-10 1, worms Sv 1927 1 3, 1928 2 4, glue Sv 1925 6 1, deafness Sv 1910 11 4, 1911 8 I, 1925 10-12 5, Sv 1925 6 3, miegligé Sv 1924 1 4, nuSalimas Sv 1921 1 4, 1922 3 2, 1923 5-6 4, 1925 10-12 7, obesity Sun 1914 6 22, ulcer Sun 1927 6 4, insanity Sun 1910 4 4, dementia Sun 1910 9 1, 1914 2 7, 1921 1 3, pazandés 1923 2-3 1, 1928 2 3, Sv 1913 12 45, baldness Sv 1921 1 3, 1922 2 4, 1924 1 2, Washers Sv 1922 4-5 1, Protligé Sv 1910 1 6, 1925 6 1, putrefaction Sv 1921 1 3, smallpox Sv 19109 7, 1928 4 1, saldziasašiai Sv 1926 7-8 2, silpnaprotybé Sv 1925 6 2, 1927 5 1, smauga Sv spuogai 1914 27, 1921 6 4, Sv 1927 2-3 3, trandjs Sv 1912 10 39, lice Sv 191512, cancer Sv 1912 1037,191327,1914 27,1921 23,1922 2 4, 1928 5 1, votis Sv 1913 4 16 ir kt Synonyms. The article distinguishes the synonymy lines found in Saltini ir iš synonym strings found by ar to the author herself in individual source articles in the article itself. Synonyms of the authors are given as in the source, and synonyms found by the author of the article are given after a slash. All synonym rows are listed in chronological order. Some single-word Lithuanian disease names have single-word Lithuanian synonyms e.g.: apaugos,navikai, navikauliai Sv 1922 3 4; niezai 74 (susas, suskis, kaškis) Sv 1922 2 3; not clicking, or clicking back Sv 1913 12 45; sunburn, baldness, hair loss Sv 1921 1 2; worms Sv 19223 1, 1923 2—3 3, 19244 1, 1925 3.2, 1926 7-8 1 / worms Sv 1927 5 3; dandruff Sv 19109 6, 1912 5 20, 1913 2 6, 1920 42,192113,192213,19232-33,192412,192513,1926 1-43, 1927 53,1928 24 /bluzganas Sv 1921 3 3; others —international synonyms, e.g.: deprivation (paralysis) Sv 1921 1 1; cramps (neuralgia) Sv 1920 5-6 2; shortness of breath or asthenia Sv 1925 10-12 7, shortness of breath (asthma) Sun 1926 7-8 2; discharge (abortion) Sun 1925 1 1; paausinė (parafitas*) Sv 1925 10-12 3 /paratifai Sv 1925 10-12 3; pertukimas (obesitas) Sv 1921 1 3; slogutis (inkubas or sukubas) Sv girtuoklybé Sv 1913 11, 1921 64,1922 11,1923 1921 4 2; 13,1926 1-4 6/ alkoholizmas Sv 1922 11,1924 4 2.1926 11-124, 19275 1, 1928 4 4; synonym of one name is strangeness: tritkis, parusenija Sv synonyms of another —Lithuanian, international and one hybrid:, troskulys, smaugin1922 4-5 3; yčia, krioklė, kaklinė“ Sv 1909 6 3, diphtheria (neck) Sv 1910 2 1, diphtheria (waterfall) Sv 1920 5-6 2, diphtheria Sv 1924 3 1, another —Lithuanian and foreignness: 192841; measles Sv 1909 4 4, 1910 5 5, 1925 6 3, 1928 4 1, tvmai (jedra) Sv 1909 4 4, measles (jedra, fleas) Sv 1910 2 1, diphther1911 13,191427,191527,19205-6 1, 1921 1 4, 1923 4 4, 1924 1 4, ia (waterfall) Sv 1920 5-6 2, diphtheria Sv 1924 3 1, another —Lithuanian and foreignness: measles Sv 1909 4 4, 1910 5 5, 1925 6 3, 1928 4 1, tvmai (jedra) Sv 1909 4 4, measles (jedra, fleas) 1909 5 1, measles or jiedra Sv 1920 4 1, measles (blusinés, jedra) Sv 1920 4 1, measles, fleas Sv 1921 2 2, measles or mumps Sv 1928 4 1, measles, mumps or fleas Sv 1928 4 2. Some of the one-word Lithuanian names have both Lithuanian and international synonyms, e.g.: drugys Sv 19102 3, 1911 2 1, 1912 9 33, 1914 3 10, 1920 5-6 3, 1921 6 2, 1924 2 3 /drugelis Sv 1911 2 2, drugys or malaria Sv 1920 5-6 3, drugys (malaria) Sv 1924 3 1; kaspininkai or soliteriai * This word contains a spelling error. The correct name of the disease paratyphoid (plg. paratyphus —paratifas —‘disease caused by parasitic bacteria’ —napamughy MTZ 1980). 75 Sv 192043, Tapeworms (solitary) Sv 1922 2 2: nose or catarrhal Sv 1912 4 15, nose (spy, snot) Sv 1922 2 4. Synonyms of other monosyllabic Lithuanian disease names are only compound names, both elements of which are usually Lithuanian words, e.g.: baltosios arba baltosios antdrapanės or baltieji žiedai Sv 1922 4-5 1; Pigeons (large pimples) Sv 1913 3 12; croup or choking in the throat Sv 1909 6 4; prevaricus (diarrhea) Sv [923 1 2 / constipation Sv 1912 3 11; water sickness Sv 1909 6 3 / water disease Sv 1911 3 3. There is one other compound name, made up of a Lithuanian iš international word of mixed origin, — e.g.: ir priepuola or hysteria disease Sv 1923 4 2; saldyligė (sugar disease) Sv 1913 2 7. Synonyms of some mono-word Lithuanian disease names are of several kinds — ir monosyllables (Lithuanian, international, foreignness), ir compounds (mostly composed of Lithuanian words; there was a name in which one dot is foreignness and the other —Lithuanian), e.g.: drapanés Sv 1913 7 28 /antdrapanés 1914 3 11,1920 4 3, 1922 2 3, ménesinés, drapaninés, antdrapané, raudonieji žiedai 1925 6 4, 1926 9-10 3, Sv 1914 3 11, anthrapenes (monthly) Sv 1925 4 2 | monthly 1924 13,1925 1 3, 1926 9-10 3, 1927 4 2; nuomarius (attack disease) Sv 1913 4 13, or epilepsy. ja Sv 1921 1; heads Sv 1920 4 2, heads Sv 1920 4 2, heads Sv 1921 1 3, parkai (piktsasSiai) Sv 1924 1 2; fever (Typhoid) Sv 1909 5 5 / cold 1909 6 4, 1910 2 1, 1911 1 3, 19127 25,1913936,191425,1918 1 1, 1920 12,1923 43,1924 1 2, 192511, 1926 7-8 4 and 1914 27,1915 1 1, 19201 1, 1922 1 4, 1923 1 3, 1924 2 1, 1925 5 3 / fever 1910 4 1, 1911 5 3, 1912 11— 122, 1913 1 3, 1915 2 7 and fever 1911 2 5, 1914 5 18, fever (cold, fever) Sv 1910 4 1, cold (Typhoid) Sv 1914 2 8, Warm (high fever, typhoid) Sv 1914 3 9, mild or feverish Sv 1914 5 18, typhoid fever Sv 1914 5 18; smallpox Sv 190955,191097,1913415,191439,191527,1920 4 1, 1921 14,1923 4 1, 1925 3 2, 1926 1-4 1, 1927 4 3 /raupleligé Sv 1913 4 15 /rauples tikrosios Sv 1921 1 4. 76 Options. Cases were found where several variants of Lithuanian disease names were used, e.g.: baltosios Sv 1912 7 29, 1914 3 11, 1922 4-51, 1925 10-12 7, 1928 5 4 /baltieji Sv 1926 9-10 4, irmedė Sv 19104 2, 1927 1 1 /irmeéde Sv 1910 11 1, 1920 1 3, nuomarius Sv 1910 12,191127,1912312,191339, 19143 12, 1923 1 3, 1924 4 1, 1925 33,1926 1-4 3 /noomaris Sv 1923 5-6 4, piktasasiai Sv 1911 1 3 /piktsasiai Sv 1921 1 3, priepuola Sv 1910 5 1 /priepuolis Sv 1926 1-4 3, puckai Sv 1913 5 18 /puskai Sv 1913 5 18, puvetros Sv 1912 3 1 /puvétros Sv 1912 6 22, rožė Sv 1910 8 4, 1913 4 15, 19204 2, 1921 1 4, 1922 4-5 3,1924 12,1926 1-4 1, 1928 3 3 /ražė Sv 1924 4 2, sausgélios Sv 1920 5 1 /sausgélios Sv 1920 2 2, siunktis Sv 19102 3 /slungtas Sv 1925 2 1, šunvotės Sv 1921 12,1925 22,1928 5 4 /Sunevotes Sv 1926 1-4 3, tritkys Sv 1922 4-5 3, 1924 2 4, urėlės Sv 1915 1 2, 1920 1 1, 1921 2 2, 19223 1, 1923 1 2, 192421, 1925 5 2, 1926 1-4 2, 19274 1, 1928 1 2 /urelės Sv 1915 1 3, wztrina Sv 1921 2 3 /uztrynos Sv 1924 4 3, varlakis Sv 1921 2 3 /varleakis Sv 1922 3 3, véjarauplés Sv 1910 7 4, 1921 2 3, 1925 6 3, 1926 1-4 1 /véjaraupiai Sv 1928 4 1, votjs Sv 1911 1 3/votys Sv 1912 6 22,1913 6 23,1921 32,1923 1 2, 1926 1-4 3, 1928 3 3. 2. Exotic names Other Health mononyms of diseases are of foreign origin — usually international, e.g.: actinomycosis Sv 1924 2 2, alastrima Sv 1925 63, angina Sv 1913 9 34, apoplexy Sv 1911 1 4,1912.623,1920 5-6 1, eczema Sv 1915 1 2, 19205—-6.3, 1921 6 3, 1925 10-12 5, 1926 1— 4 4, 1926 7-8 3, epizootic diseases Sv 1922 2 2, ergotism Sv 1912 7 30, gangrene Sv 1912 3 10, glaucoma Sv 1921 6 1, 1927 4 4, haemorrhage Sv 1921 1 1, hypaciditis Sv 1924 5-6 3, migraine Sv 1922 1 4, 1926 7-8 2, onanism Sv 1913 1040, 19204 3, 1921 12, 192212, 19231 3, 1924 12,192514,1926 1-4 4, 1927 2-3 3, 1928 1 3, Osteomyelitis Sun 1913 27,1928 1 3, paresis Sun 1921 1 1, poliution Sun 1921 1 3, 1922 1 2, 19232-33,1924 13, 19254 1, 1926 7-8 4, sarcoma Sun 1922 3 4, 1925 5 3, scleroderma Sun 1926 9-10 2, Sanker Sun 1911 1 3, 1922 3 3, 1925 23, trachoma Sun191126,- 1912726,19204 1,192122,1924 14,1925 24,1926 9-10 2, 1927 2-3 1, 1928 4 3, tripper Sun 1911 1 5, 1912 7 29, 77 1913832, 1921 2.2,192223,192344, 192424, 1925 2.2, 1926 7-8 4, 1927 1 4, vaginism Sv 1926 11-12 3 and others. Synonyms. A number of univocal international names of diseases have synonyms. Synonyms of some of them are Lithuanian (most often), e.g.: adenoidai (tumori) Sv 1923 4 4; meningitas (tampymas) Sv 1921 2 4; nevralgijos (lausgėlės) Sv 1920 1 3; polipas (apauga) Sv 1922 2 4; sklerozės arba sukietėjimai Sv 1921 4 2; others — international, e.g.: lunatizmas Sv 1921 3 2, 1923 1 4 /somnambulizmas Sv 1921 3 2: rheumatizmas arba reumata Sv 1910 5 1. There was a foreignness, whose synonym is also foreignness: škrupai Sv 1923 7-8 1 /škrupulai Sv 1926 7-8 1. Synonyms of other monosyllabic international disease names are compound names, whose roots are usually Lithuanian words, some monosyllabic names have even two compound synonyms, e.g.: dysentery (diarrhoea with blood) Sv 1920 4 1; hemorrhoids, i.e. the dilatation of the posterior portal cords Sv 1913 27, hemorrhoids (bloody urination) Sv 1922 1 4; whooping cough (cough with singing) Sv 1920 4 1, whooping cough (large cough) Sv 1910 7 1; pleurisy or inflammation of the lung membrane Sv 1921 1 3. But a composite synonym with Lithuanian and international accent was found: neuritis or nerve inflammation Sv 1921 1 1. In addition, there are such one-word names of diseases of foreign origin, which have both mononyms and compound synonyms. Single-word synonyms are Lithuanian, international, foreign, some compound synonyms all elements Lithuanian, others — Lithuanian and international element. The names of the diseases in this group are characterized by a particular abundance of synonyms (the longest line of synonyms consists of as many as eight names of the same disease), for example: bronchitis (cough) Sv 192442, bronchitis or lung catarrhal Sv influenza (irmede, osteomyelitis) Sv 1910 11 1, influenza (irmedeé) Sv 1920 4 1, influenza (irmedé) Sv 1920 5-6 1, influenza or irmedé (osteomyelitis) Sv 1920 5-6 3, 1920 5-6 2; influenza or irmed Sv 1921 6 3, influenza (irmede, osteomyelitis, iSpanka, influenza) Sv 1923 1 1/„kitaika“ Sv 1923 1 1 [irmede (influenza, influenza, Spanish flu) Sv 1927 1 1; intoxication or food poisoning, formerly called children- 's cholera Sv 1928 3 2, food poisoning Sv 1928 3 2. intoxication (children- 's cholera) Sv 1928 3 2; influenza /influenza —reumatiné influenza Sv 1921 6 1, chronic catarrhal Sv 1921 2 1, null tuberculosis Sv 1928 4 2, progressive paralysis Sv 1925 78 192522; 62 ir kt With Lithuanian and hybrid démenis, e.g.: chroniska noga Sv 1921 I 2, chroniSkasis piliavimas Sv 1921 5 1, chroniski diarėjimai Sv 1928 3 1, isteriškasis nuomarius Sv 1910 1 5, sifilitiné ulcera Sv 1925 2 31ir kt. 1. 1. Synonyms and variants of binomial names The plural names of diseases of health (mostly their démeny) as well as the mononyms are characterized by synonymy and variantity. 1.1.1. Synonyms Mononyms are synonyms. Some two-word disease names have one-word synonyms, which are usually international words, e.g.: typhoid fever Sv 1911 5 1; paresis Sv 1921 1 1; inflammation of the bones — osteomyelitis Sv 1928 1 3; blood change (gout) Sv 1920 5-6 2; blood fluidity or anemia Sv 1925 2 4; nocturnal wandering (lunatism) Sv 1921 3 1; nervous weakening or neurasthenia Sv 1922 4-5 4, nervous pairing or neurasthenia Sv 1925 2 4; skin peeling, damage, or doctoral eczema Sv 1915 1 2; cataract Sv 1914 3 12; bowel eruption or ruptura Sv 1926 11-12 3. It is also known as the "Sweet and Sour" or "Sweet and Sour 1921". Synonyms of Lithuanian mononyms are rare, e.g.: pikta apauga (kanžys) Sv 1922 3 1; progresyvinis paralyžius arba manija Sv 1925 6 2; tikrasis apmirimas arba nuomarius Sv 1910 1 3. 85 Synonyms of the main focus. Two-word names of diseases are used, the main focus of which has synonyms. Some of them are Lithuanian, e.g.: ear damage (flushing) Sv 1910 8 2; nerve exhaustion or weakening Sv 1913 1 1; finger sharpening or sharpeting Sv 1922 4-5 2; oily blemishes Sv 1921 3 3; real dislocation or twisting Sv 1913 12 45; ear buzzing Sv 1912 10 39 /ear ringing Sv 1921 4 3; snake bite Sv 1921 4 4 | snake bite Sv 1922 4-5 2; invasive nose Sv 1921 1 2 /invasive snot Sv 1921 1 2; bone decay Sv 1926 7-8 1 /bone decay Sv 1926 11-12 2; blood contamination Sv 1920 5-6 4 /blood infection Sv 1921 5 1 /blood poisoning Sv 1926 7-8 2; dandruff in the head Sv 1921 5 2 /blemishes in the head Sv 1921 6 4; diarrhea diarrhea Sv 1927 2-3 4 | diarrhea Sv 1928 2 4; bowel colic Sv 1913 9 34 /bowel cramps Sv 1924 4 2; others are international, e.g.: lung dryness (tuberculosis) Sv 1924 1 3; children- 's tuberculosis or drought Sv 1927 1 4; bone drought Sv 1923 5-6 3 /bone tuberculosis Sv 1924 3 3; nasal catarrh Sv 1920 5-6 3 /nasal rhinitis Sv 1921 5 3; other names of the main disease have Lithuanian and international synonyms, e.g.: simple diphtheria (thirst, choking) Sv 1909 4 3; true diphtheria (thirst, choking) Sv 1909 4 4. Synonyms of species spot. There are also synonyms for the species names of two-word diseases. Some of them are Lithuanian, e.g.: beramiosios ar1925 6 1 /head-drain Sv 1925 6 1; blood or poisonous influenza Sv 1910 11 2; common or abdominal cold Sv 1915 1 1; broad or great influenza Sv 1910 11 1; flat or tapeworm Sv 1925 3 2; dry (hard) warts Sv 1913 6 24; tertiary or invasive syphilis Sv 1911 1 4; invasive or intestinal fever Sv 1910 4 1; clothing lice Sv 1925 5 2 /clothes lice Sv 1928 1 2; invasive triper Sv 1911 3 3 /long triper Sv 1921 2 2; ventricular cancer Sv 1912 10 37 /stomach cancer Sv 1913 9 34; and other international, e.g.: arterial (vascular) sclerosis Sv 1921 4 2; venous (vascular) obstruction Sv 1910 4 4. A single species spot has a compound two-word synonym: pleural (lung membrane) inflammation Sv 1920 5-6 4. 86 Rare cases of synonymy. There has been a case where both the main and the specific spot of the two-word disease name have synonyms: ventricular rhinitis Sv 1912 4 15 /gastric rhinitis Sv 1913 9 34, ventricular (abdominal) rhinitis or catarrhal Sv 1913 6 24, ventricular rhinitis (catarrhal) Sv 1921 33. One composite name has a single word and three composite synonyms, two of the elements are Lithuanian, and one — Lithuanian And international: ventrikular rhinitis Sv 1912 4 15, tuber, abdominal gelėjimas, worms rise, ventricular catarrh Sv 1912 4 16. Another composite name, composed of the international and Lithuanian elements, has several types of synonyms — mononyms and composite ones. The elements of compound synonyms are Lithuanian, international and Lithuanian, international and strangeness, both strangeness: Siberian plague (otherwise called carbuncle and hell scarlet fever) Sv 1910 2 2, Sybir plague —carbuncle Sv 1910 2 3, hell scarlet fever (Siberian acne) Sv 1924 2 2, hell scarlet fever, otherwise blue acne, karbunka or sibirska jazva Sv 1925 4 2./„Sibiro jazva“ Sv 1925 4 3. Also detected such a composite name, which has one-word, two-word and three-word synonyms. All the single-word synonyms are foreignness, the two-word is composed of the Lithuanian element and foreignness, and the three-word — of two Lithuanian elements and foreignness: rudosios pleiskanos Sv 1912 7 28 /rudi kūno plėtmai Sv 1922 2 2 /padlicas Sv 1925 10-12 67/ rudi plėmai Sv 1926 7-8 3 /padlaša Sv 1926 9-10 3. In several cases, the disease is referred to by two or three synonymous compound biwords, e.g.: bloody diarrhea Sv 1910 4 3 /diarrhea with blood Sv 1920 4 1 /bloody disease Sv 1924 2 1; catching fish Sv 1913 11 44 /night fish Sv 1925 10-12 7. 1. 1. It happens that several variants of some two diseases names are used, sometimes variants are only individual elements of composite names, e.g.: ausyse tinnitas Sv 1912 10 39 /ūžimas ausy Sv 1927 2—3 4, galvos dankanos Sv 19109 6 /pleiskanos galvos Sv 1925 3 3, kietasis šankeris Sv 1911 1 3 /šankeris kietasis Sv 1923 2-3 4, kirmėlaitės spalinés Sv 1923 4 3 /spalinés kirmelaités Sv 1924 2 4, paslėpnių erkės Sv 1920 87 44 | lice of the hide Sv 1921 2 3, inflammation of the kidneys Sv 191044 / kidney inflammation Sv 1913 9 34, inflammation of the lungs Sv 1910 4 4 /inflammation of the lungs Sv 1910 8 2, ear inflammation Sv 1910 11 3 /ear burning Sv 1923 1 1, inflammation of the nerves Sv 1909 6 4 /inflammation of the nerves Sv 1925 6 4, inflammation of the joints Sv 1911 3 5 /joint burning Sv 1925 8-9 4, inflammation of the gums Sv 1911 8 5 /gum burning Sv 1923 1 1, head lice Sv 1921 3 4, head lice Sv 1910 1 4 /attacking head lice Sv 1910 1 4, lice of the hide Sv 1921 2 4 /hidden head lice Sv 1921 4 4, hidden head lice Sv 1911 1 4 /hidden head lice Sv 1911 11 4, side inflammation Sv 1911 3 2 /inflammation of the bladder Sv 1921 1 1, Siberian plague Sv 1910 2 2./Sybiro plague Sv 1910 2 3, true nuomarius Sv 1910 1 1 /best nuomarius Sv 1912 4 16, chronic rheumatism Sv 1920 2 2 /chronic rheumatism Sv 1925 4 3, acute rheumatism Sv 1910 5 2 /acute rheumatism Sv 1921 1 4, true rheumatism Sv 1910 5 5 /chronic rheumatism Sv 1911 3 3, nasal mucosa Sv 1912 6 24 /nasal mucosa Sv 1921 5 3, pharyngeal mucosa Sv 1912 6 24 /pharyngeal mucosa Sv 1912 6 24, lice in the armpits Sv 1924 4 3 /lice pazasciy Sv 1924 4 3, lice in the slépsny Sv 1924 4 3 | lice slépsniy Sv 1924 4 3. 2. Trizodziai pavadinimai žodžiai. With three Lithuanian démenys, e.g.: inflammation /inflammation —inflammation of the eye Sv 1913 11 44, inflammation of the inner ear Sv 1923 1 1, inflammation of the middle ear Sv 1921 14, inflammation of the calf bone Sv 1926 9-10 1, inflammation of the middle of the mouth Sv 1914 3 11, inflammation of the gums of the teeth Sv 1913 9 36, inflammation of the gums of the head Sv 1922 3 1, invasive inflammation of the bone Sv 1927 13, inner burns of the nose Sv 1925 3 4, inflammation of the lung membrane Sv 1920 5-6 4, inflammation of the abdominal membrane Sv 1921 1 3, purulent burns Sv 1921 3 1, inflammation of the salivary gland and gums Sv 1921 2 3, inflammation of the gums Sv 1923 1 1, inflammation of the gum membranes Sv 1923 1 1, severe otitis Sv 1921 5 1, acute inflammation of the muscles Sv 1910 5 7-8, inflammation of the urinary tract Sv 1927 6 3, inner otitis Sv 1920 5-6 1, inner kidney Sv 1921 5 2, infection of the middle ear Sv 1921 5 1, infection of the 88 middle kidney Sv 1921 5 1 inflammation Sv 1909 4 3, ulcerative stomatitis Sv 1921 3 1; rhinitis —acute ventricular rhinitis Sv 1912 4 15, invasive nasal rhinitis Sv 1922 2 4, invasive ventricular rhinitis Sv 1912 4 15, infection of the lung tubes Sv 1910 11 2, infection of the middle ear Sv 1921 5 2; dryness —dryness of the arm joint Sv 1927 6 3, dryness of the gum membranes Sv 1927 4 3; malfunction | iInjury | malfunction —internal malfunction of the mouth Sv 1920 5-6 2, malfunction of the leg bone Sv 1927 6 4, fatal blood damage Sv 1924 2 2; decay /iSpuvimas —decay of the humerus bone Sv 1924 4 1, nasal edema Sv 1909 6 4; clogging of the ear hole Sv 1911 8 2, piercing of the eardrum Sv 1925 10-12 3, swelling of the skull bones Sv 1913 12 45, utélés of the hair of the head Sv 1924 4 3, whiteness of the genital tract Sv 1922 4-5 1, blood spillage in the gums Sv 1927 1 3, squeezing or coughing up blood Sv 1921 1 1, removal of skin parts Sv 1910 7 5, lightness of smallpox Sv 1910 8 3, monthly red rings Sv 1925 4 1, persistent urinary incontinence Sv 1925 3 3, rabid Suns circumcisions Sv 1922 4— 5 2, repeated discharge of faeces Sv 1925 10-12 7, smageny pléviy growth Sv 1923 1 4, heart enlargement —elongation Sv 1927 6 4, human intestinal worms Sv 1920 4 3; with conjunction and —beard dedervinés and pimples Sv 1927 6 4, rinsed face and hands Sv 1921 1 1, dryness of shoulder and arm Sv 1925 6 4, hair loss and baldness Sv 1921 1 3, strény and kulSies sausgela Sv 192121; with preposition from —blood from the nose spreading Sv 1920 5-6 4, blood spreading from the homeland Sv 1920 5-6 4, blood flowing from the mouth Sv 1913 10 37. Several names are in reverse order, e.g.: dryness of the pulmonary glands Sv 1925 2 4, difficulty in urination Sv 1921 6 4, inflammation of the gallbladder Sv 1920 5—6 4. 89 With two Lithuanian and one foreign accent. Two of the other three-word disease names are Lithuanian, and one is international, but there were a couple of names, one of which is foreign, e.g.: kataras long nasal catarrh Sv 1920 5-6 3, catarrh of the intestines Sv 1925 4 3. catarrh of the ventricles and intestines Sv 1924 3 2, acute nasal catarrh Sv 1924 4 2, catarrh of the large intestines Sv 1925 1 3, catarrh of the inner ear Sv 1924 2 3, catarrh of the inner nose Sv 1924 2 4; rheumatism | rheumatism —acute rheumatism of the joints Sv 1922 3 3, acute rheumatism of the muscles Sv 1910 5 1-2, acute synary rheumatism Sv 1910 5 6, acute synary rheumatism Sv 1910 5 2; paralysis —paralysis of the eye muscles Sv 1925 3 4, paralysis of parts of the skin Sv 1910 7 5; osteomyelitis —osteomyelitis of the calf bones Sv 1928 1 3, pelvic bone ostecomyelitis Sv 1928 1 3; narrowing of the tear canal Sv 1928 4 3, open pulmonary tuberculosis Sv 1925 6 1, large nervy seizure Sv 1926 9-10 2, hemoroidy bleeding Sv 1913 10 38, Eustachian tubes rash Sv 1912 6 24, eczema of the scalp Sv 1913 2 8, inflammation of the coccygeal nerve Sv 1921 2 1, severe nervy decay Sv 1926 1-4 3, internal nasal polyps Sv 1922 1 4; with joint and —coughSas with, singing® and vomiting Sv 1910 7 2, ventricular and intestinal influenza Sv 1910 11 2; abelly bloody diarrhea Sv 1910 4 3, calluses on the fingers of the hands Sv 1927 2-3 3 and others. The main focus of the name of one of the trizodies goes before the compound mark: kilos krūtinės apdangalo Sv 1911 11 1. With two Lithuanian and one hybrid foci, e.g.: chronic nasal rhinitis Sv 1928 4 3, chronic eye inflammation Sv 1927 5 3, epidemic melanoma tanning Sv 1925 10-12 3 /melanoma epidemic tanning Sv 1925 10-12 1, epithelial edema Sv 1925 10-12 1. With Lithuanian, international and hybrid themes, e.g.: chronic rheumatism of joints Sv 1910 5 6 /rheumatism of joints chronic Sv 1921 1 4/chronic rheumatism of joints Sv 1922 3 3, chronic rheumatism of muscles Sv 1910 5 1-2. With one Lithuanian and two international elements: paralysis of breathing centers Sv 1924 1 1. 90 Synonyms. Only a few of the three-word disease names have synonyms for some of their features. Some of them are Lithuanian, e.g.: acute ventricular catarrh or rhinitis Sv 1912 4 15; invasive uterine (gum) tanning Sv 1922 4-5 1; invasive gum catarrh (snoring) Sv 1912 7 29; enlargement of the third or upper tonsils Sv 1923 5-6 2; rupture of the thin abdominal wall Sv 1925 3 4 /pelvian pleural rupture Sv 1928 1 3; others are international, e.g.: tuberculosis of the bones and the deep (glaudes) Sv 1924 3 3; simple inflammation of the tonsils Sv 1909 6 5; one name has both Lithuanian and international synonyms: nasal rhinitis (lung, catarrh) acute Sv 1921 1 2. Two three-word disease names have single-word international synonyms, e.g.: summer diarrhea or cholera Sv 1912 6 21; inflammation of the middle kidneys or nephritis Sv 1921 2 3. Three three-word synonyms are used to name one disease: night fishing Sv 1910 4 5 /fishing in the fish bed Sv 1913 11 44 /fishing at night Sv 1925 3 4, In addition, this disease is also called by two-word names (see fish fishing Sv 1913 11 44 /night fish Sv 1925 10-12 7). Options. The most common variants are names with reverse word order, e.g.: rheumatoid arthritis chronic Sv 1921 1 4 /chronic rheumatoid arthritis Sv 1922 3 3, rheumatoid arthritis invasive Sv 1921 1 4 /invasive rheumatoid arthritis Sv 1922 3 3, gingivitis epidemic Sv 1925 10-12 I /gingivitis epidemic Sv 1925 10-12 3; inflammation of the submandibular teeth Sv 1910 4 3 /inflammation of the submandibular teeth Sv 1925 5 3 | invasive gingivitis 191047; 1925, pp. 10–12. 3. Polynomial names There are four-word names of diseases, all of which are Lithuanian, e.g.: ingrown scalp scabies Sv 1925 3 3, perdidelis * The word has a spelling error, Should be glandus (plg. glanda anat. "a tonsil gland at the pharynx" LKZ III 1956, p. 3. ‘thyroid gland’ LKZ III 1956). 91 severe ventricular acidity Sv 1922 4-5 4, dandruff of the hairy parts of the skin Sv 1913 2 7, severe rhinitis of the pulmonary tubes Sv 1910 7 4, true inflammation of the lungs Sv 1910 4 4, itching of the rectum with pain Sv 1913 2 7, burns of the inner eyelids Sv 1924 4 2, etc. There are many names with three Lithuanian elements and one international element. e.g. :catarrhal invasive catarrhal of the middle ear Sv 1912 10 39, invasive catarrhal of the nasal cavity Sv 1912 10 38, invasive catarrhal of the inner and outer pharynx Sv 1921 6 3, invasive catarrhal of the inner eyelids Sv 1924 4 2; invasive bronchitis with long cough Sv 1920 5—6 2, inflammation of the lymph nodes Sv 1913 1 3, etc. There were only a few four-word names of diseases, composed of two Lithuanian and two international domains, e.g.: rheumatism of the head muscles and nerves Sv 1926 7-8 2, chronic catarrh of the upper lungs Sv 1914 1 3, and as many names with two Lithuanian, one international and one hybrid domain, e.g.: chronic catarrh of the nasal passages Sv 1925 4 1, diphtheritic inflammation of the middle kidneys Sv 1909 6 3. Two four-word names were found, one of which has a synonym: fimus diarrhea with poisoning or intoxication symptoms Sv 1928 3 1; inner nasal or pharyngeal covering (overgrowth) Sv 1921 6 3. Two five-word names of diseases were found, consisting only of Lithuanian-origin spots, e.g.: blood flowing from the blue lumps of the legs Sv 1913 10 37, burning of the middle kidney and the urinary side Sv 1913 10 37. 1924 4 2, and one six-word name, which also all démenys are Lithuanian and their order is reversed: išbėrimas isnaujos visos vidurių membranos ir Sv 1910 43. 4. Names containing the nomenclatural term disease Two-word names of diseases. There are two types of diseases: diseases of the body and -— diseases of the mind. Sv 1911 2 1 (plg. 1910–1924) and the 1924–1926 war (p. bloody sv 1910 sleep sickness 2.1), Sv 1914 6 24 (plg. somnolence Sv 1924 1 4), scabies Sv 1913 1 4 (see itch Sv 1911 2 6), obesity disease Sv 1914 6 22 (see obesity dandruff disease Sv 1914 6 22), Sv 1920 4 2 (plg. dandruff Sv 1910 9 6), smallpox Sv 1914 4 13 (see smallpox Sv 1910 2 1), roseola Sv 1912 5 17 (plg. rose Sv 1922 4-5 3), udder disease Sv 1924 5— 6 2 (plg. uteles Sv 1920 1 1), vomiting disease Sv 1924 2 3, cancer disease Sv 92 1912 10 37 (cf. cancer Sv 1912 10 37), ventricular fibrillation Sv 1921 6 4 (cf. ventricular fibrillation Sv 1920 3 4); diabetes disease Sv 1925 2 2, eczema disease Sv 19127 31 (cf. eczema Sv 1920 5-6 3), hysteria disease Sv 1912 5 19 (cf. hysteria Sv 1910 1 4), neurasthenia disease Sv 1921 3 2 (cf. neurasthenia Sv 1912 11-12 41), osteomyelitis disease Sv 1928 1 3 (cf. osteomyelitis Sv 1913 2 7), syphilis disease Sv 1914 519 (cf. syphilis Sv 1912 7 26), trachoma disease Sv 1921 4 | (cf. trachoma Sv 1920 3 3), triperium disease Sv 1925 2 1 (cf. triperium Sv 1921 3 3 (cf. calcium Sv 1912 7 25); according to the necessity of the word disease — gumbo disease Sun 1913 7 28 (although cf. knob Sun 1910 5 1), iSecurity disease Sun 1925 1 3, bone disease Sun 1926 9-10 1, blood disease Sun 1922 4-5 4, hereditary disease Sun 1927 5 2, offensive disease Sun 1913 4 13, pusles disease Sun 1928 3 3, skalsagrudziy disease Sun 19127 31, neck disease Sun 1914 2 6; American disease Sun 1923 1 1, English disease 1913 8 32); Sun 1920 5-6 1, Spanish disease Sun 1920 2 4, prurigo disease Sun 1926 9-10 4 (cf. report Winter Sun 1925 8-9 3), purpura disease Sun 1921 3 1, St. 1925–1926 10–12 8. Several species names have synonyms, e.g.: tetanus Sv 1915 1 1; dandruff (eczema) disease Sv 1912 7 31; diabetes Sv 1912 3 12/diabetes Sv 1925 2 2 (see sweet disease Sv 1913 2 7); drought disease Sv 1914 5 20 (cf. drought Sv 1910 8 6) /tuberculosis disease Sv 1923 5-6 4 (cf. tuberculosis Sv 1924 3 2); illness of the deceased Sv 1920 3 4 (see deceased Sv 1921 6 3) / illness of the tenant Sv 1921 5 4 (see tenant Sv 1913 3 9); water disease Sv 1921 2 2 /water disease Sv 1925 10-12 8. The main elements of two names go against the specifics, e.g.: disease kidney Sv 1927 4 2, disease muscle Sv 1927 4 2. As can be seen from the examples, most names have one-word equivalents. Two-word names of disease groups. Pabrėžtina, kad daugiskaita ligos čia yra būtinasis nomenklatūrinis žodis, pvz.: pagal organus —akių ligos Sv 1912 3 11, ausų ligos Sv 1921 5 2, dantų ligos Sv 1922 3 4, gerklės ligos Sv 1922 1 4, gimtinės ligos Sv 1912 7 29, gomurio ligos Sv 1913 11 43, krūčių ligos Sv 1928 5 4, nosies ligos Sv 1913 11 44, plaučių ligos Sv 1920 5-6 4, skilvio ligos Sv epideminés ligos 93 1927 4 3, strény disease Sv 1922 3 3, bowel disease Sv 1921 4 3, bowel disease Sv 19131 3; according to /igon —women's diseases Sv 1912 7 29, pot diseases Sv 1924 4 2; mental diseases Sv 1928 5 1, war diseases Sv 1915 1 1, heat diseases Sv 1912 4 13, vascular diseases Sv 1913 10 40, nagy diseases Sv 1913 4 16, skin diseases Sv 1913 1 4, hair diseases Sv 1913 4 16, mental diseases Sv 1913 1 2, pustular diseases Sv 1927 2-3 1, gum diseases Sv 1921 1 4, facial diseases Sv 1913 2 8, internal diseases Sv 1921 5 3; nerve diseases Sv 1914 1 4, Venus diseases Sv 1924 1 4; Sv 1924 1 4. The Lithuanian species names of several disease groups have Lithuanian synonyms, e.g.: liver disease Sv 1913 1 4 /jekny disease Sv 1913 4 16; pharynx (lateral) disease Sv 1912 7 31, pharynx disease Sv 1913 11 43, lateral (tonsils) disease Sv 1922 3 4, lateral disease Sv 1923 5-6 2. There are only a few names for three-word diseases and they are varied, e.g.: Sv 1921 5 1, colon disease Sv 1911 12 5, facial skin disease Sv 1921 2 3; nerve filaments disease Sv 1921 1 2, joint tuberculosis disease Sv 1925 3 1; microbial infectious disease Sv 1915 1 1. Du names have two-word equivalents, e.g. spotted mildew disease Sv 1927 4 2 (see spotted mildew Sv 1921 2 2), lung dryness disease Sv 1920 3 1 (see lung dryness Sv 1924 1 3). Three-word names of disease groups. A few three-word groups of diseases were also found, e.g.: by organs —ear fungus diseases Sv 1911 8 2, uterine organs diseases Sv 1921 6 2, hearing apparatus diseases Sv 1911 8 2, internal diseases of the nose Sv 1923 1 3, severe kidney diseases Sv 1925 5 2, severe lung diseases Sv 1925 5 2, severe heart diseases Sv 1925 5 2, urinary tract diseases Sv 1925 5 2, diseases of the rectum Sv 1925 5 2 1926 9-10 1, Sv 1913 8 32, internal nasal diseases Sv 1925 2 4, diseases of the middle kidneys Sv 1913 1 4; by patient — diseases of the female organs Sv 1922 1 4, lymphatic diseases of children Sv 1928 4 1; diseases of both sexes Sv 1914 3 10, diseases of the scalp Sv 1914 1 4, diseases of the brain Sv 1922 3 3, hair root diseases Sv 1925 1 3. The point of the name of one group of diseases is used both in the simple and noun forms, which can theoretically be considered pseudovariants: acute infectious diseases Sv 1924 5-6 1 / acute infectious diseases 1924. pp. 5–6. 94