Vida Stravinskienė. Ekologijos ir aplinkotyros žodynėlis: mokomoji knyga

ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ Lithuanian Language Institute Vida Stravinskienė. 2004, 238 p. Alphabetical explanatory glossary of terms by Vytautas Magnus University professor V. Stravinskienė, as stated in the preamble, is intended for future specialists in ecology, environmental science, forestry, agriculture, environmental engineering, educators of various natural sciences and other readers. According to the reviewer, it contains over 650 heading terms. However, there are many more terms to be defined or explained: generic or simply related terms are recorded in the articles of terms. For example, the article on the term endosperm explains the generic terms primary endosperm and secondary endosperm (76), and the article on allergens explains the allergization period (12). The dictionary has been approved by the State Lithuanian Language Commission (evaluation — State Lithuanian Language Commission does not object). The heading terms of the glossary are spelled correctly, only a few spelling (correction) errors were found: fluor (= fluor) hydrogen, swamp (= swamp); without hyphens left the main terms exothermic process, limnoglacialinés sedimentation sites. There are no equivalents in other languages — the dictionary is monolingual, but the systematic names are given Latin names (see mammals (Mammalia) and others). However, there are some inconsistencies in the presentation, for example, we do not find the Latin name for crustaceans. Unfortunately, there are no explanations of the dictionary structure. The etymology of the term is given, only to see its gaps in presentation. For example, the etymology of a foreign-origin sidemark is usually explained after that mark (e.g., heterothermic animals), but sometimes only after the full term (e.g., indicator plants). Sometimes the etymology is not written at all (for example, morphological adaptation). There are inaccuracies in the interpretation of the etymology, e.g.: bionics [Gr. bios —life (= biological... Terminology | 2006 | 13 207 + (electronic))]; theory of evolution [Lat. evolutio —development + Gr. theoria —study] (as if the term were aggregative rather than composite). The etymology of the term carbon (C) in the Lithuanian article is misleading. The glossary highlights three adjectives as heading terms: arid, boreal. Mediterranean. In their articles, the compound terms formed with them are inserted and interpreted. | the dictionary includes some proper names, e.g. : EKOAGROS, Natura 2000, World Health Organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, etc. The definition of material selection criteria would have been useful. For example, the reader may wonder why the glossary contains the article aerobic conditions, but not the heading term anaerobic conditions; there are articles secondary pollutant, chemical pollutants, physical pollutants, but no article pollutants, we find the heading term in situ protection, but no ex situ protection. The term allergen (12) is used in the definition of allergy, which is not explained in the dictionary. It is a pity that the dictionary does not have references — it would be much easier to use. The article now uses italics to distinguish individual terms, but some of them can be found in separate articles (e.g., magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks in the article rocks, 223), others — not (sedimentary rocks in the same article). The title glossary terms are mostly good. Perhaps the worst is the term native rock "soil-forming rock, covering the upper (= upper) layer of the Earth's crust, from which, under the influence of soil factors, soil is formed". It is not presentable (although it is also included in the AATZ), because the semantics of the word native is not supported (cf. native (= native) rock TT, native rock ChZ. : soil rock SDTŽ, ZUE I). Also, instead of fjord, it would be worthwhile to provide the already established variant fjord (DŽ,). Now there is a common one-word term biorhythms (see DŽ,, AATŽ, SpŽ, PsichŽ and others), and in the dictionary — an increasingly longer two-word variant biological rhythms. The term to be clarified predatory marine mammals (= sea; cf. guinea pig). The term “water bloom” could be written without quotation marks, because bloom has the meaning of “greening” (DŽ,). Synonyms are clearly marked in the text of the glossary and are not abused. There are no synonyms and no reference articles. Synonyms lethal (lethal) dose. local (local) pollution has been replaced — terms with Lithuanian accents are much clearer. The terms pollutant emission and exhaust pollutant are presented as synonyms of different ranks. The term stratospheric ozone layer (syn. ozonosfera) is more like an explanation than a term — a shorter synonym would be better. The term is also used to refer to the plant-eating animals and phytophages (with the latter being synonymous with plant-eating animals). The term nutritional equivalent in the article we find herbivorous animals (phytophages) (138). The question arises whether the dictionary considers the plant-eating animal and phytophage as synonyms, and if so, why are they not related. By the way, since the synonyms phytophages (syn. herbivores) have been raised in a separate article, it would be logical to see the term carnivores with zoophages. The presentation of the equations consumers and reducers could be uniformized: if the Lithuanian term is preferred, it should be used in both cases. The glossary includes two synonymous terms — morphological adaptation (syn. morphological adaptation), but only one related term — adaptation. As a synonym, the term domestication should be replaced by domestication (see AATŽ domestication, domestication). In the dictionary, the term domesticated species is synonymous with domesticated species. The term ecosystem succession could have been replaced with a more Lithuanian term (or at least add a synonym) — ecosystem change (see change, succession in AATŽ). Also 208 Asta Mitkevičienė | missing the term rot next to the term humus; local death next to the term necrosis. Didn’t we need a Lithuanian synonym for hydrobionte water organisms? It is interesting that some of the terms, as we have already seen, do not coincide with the terms of the dictionary of the related field — the AATZ — published in 2000. In some cases, a better path has been taken, for example, population ecology (the AATZ defines population ecology, and ecology in the article —population ecology): The synonyms in the Glossary are biodegradable waste, biodegradable waste, and the term "biodegradable waste" refers only to biodegradable waste. Term articles are certainly informative and quite comprehensive. Sometimes, the history of the research of the concept, the discoverer of the phenomenon or the creator of the concept is indicated. Even “protocol” information about the term harmonious development can be found in the article: “Previously (until the decision of the State Lithuanian Language Commission of 31 January 2003) the terms balanced development, long-term development, sustainable development, sustainable development were used” (56). The glossary contains comments on the usage of terms. However, this type of information is not always accurate. For example, vegetation is ‘a term not to be used in relation to plant communities, to be replaced by vegetation’, (32) but it is not stated in what sense it is used (e.g. in the article on microecosystems, (134)). The title term effect instead of definition has | The third member of the tering group — the producers (or producers) is not raised in a separate article. Terminology | 2006 | 13 209 a note that in ecology and environmental science it is a non-useable term, a substitutable impact, outcome, consequence or phenomenon (70). So in the dictionary we find greenhouse phenomenon, not greenhouse effect. It can be noted that in some dictionaries of the end of the last century (e.g., AstrZ, GeogrŽ) the Greenhouse Effect was also considered the main term. Currently in dictionaries (see AATZ, ChZ, Eurovoc) —greenhouse effect: the term greenhouse phenomenon, although more Lithuanian, can lead to ambiguity. Most of the terms found in the texts of the articles themselves are regular. A few remarks about them or their use can be said. For example. incorrect Lithuanian and Latin names of the plant: paprastoji maršancija (= maršantija, 208; see BotVZ) and Marchantia plymorpha (= polymorpha, 208). The glossary uses the subtropical substitute patagonia (88, 122, etc.), and DZ, is given to patagonia. In the article biological rhythms is used tidal rhythms (44), although in the same glossary the heading term is tides and waves (176). Instead of the term separatorius (130), which is recorded in the term mechanical wastewater treatment article, it would be better Lithuanian separator; hypothalamus (article thermoregulation, 216) — pugumburi. The common name is birch raven (in the dictionary raven birch 181, 222; cf. BotVŽ). Instead of benz(a)pyrene (21, 65, 155), the variant benzpyrene (see ChZ) would have been sufficient. The term systemic group (93) is not distinguished from systematic group (see system and systematics). Instead of the three-word term semi-parasitic plants (the term hemiparasitism in article, 96) half-parasites are suitable (see BotZ half-parasites, hemiparasites). A few more remarks: economic (= economic) sciences (23) (see natural sciences), northern (= northern) latitudes (59, 110, 158; see DZ,). cardiovascular (= cardiovascular) diseases (55), Dobson (= Dobson) units (202), cuticle (= cuticle) (218, cf. cuticle 98; see TekstilZ). According to the article, poisons are divided into very strong, moderately strong, poisonous and weak (149). So poisonous poison? Inaccurate term for saginata (132): although it was previously available for use (e.g. included in LTE IX), it is now used for jujube (see LTE IX). VLE IV 125; plg. BotVZ Cicadellidae (class), Cunninghamiidae (family); but plg. TZ Ze sagainiai ntk. = cycae). The dictionary does not always follow the usual order of marks in Lithuanian, cf. tundra herb plants (181), dienos vidutinė (= average daily concentration) (196). Weak definitions of some terms. For example, biogenic elements —“elements essential to living organisms (= chemical elements- )” (41). The term chionosphere is interpreted as the corresponding parts of mountains (53) and not as a specific layer of the atmosphere. An inaccurate definition of the term monoculture in its first meaning: ‘an area of arable land where one species is absolutely dominant (e.g. rye field)’ (139) (cf. grown, cultivated 210 Asta Mitkevičienė plants’ (see DZ. TŽŽe). The term tissue is defined as ‘a system of cellular and non-cellular structures’ (it should be in the singular form — tissue) (31). There is a logical error in interpreting the generic term industrial wastewater: “Industrial wastewater flows from production plants where it has been used for technological purposes” (150). From such a statement it can be understood that not water, but wastewater is used. The term risk factors in the glossary is interpreted as environmental factors, but factors such as arterial blood pressure, excess cholesterol in the blood, etc. are mentioned (187). In the dictionary, the terms homeostasis and necrophages have two meanings, but they are not separated. There is no definition of the term anthropogenic sources of pollution — only its generic terms are listed and explained. The language of definitions is not always correct and stylistic. There have been mistakes in the use of noun forms, such as ardus medius (69). In general, noun forms are often abused in term articles, e.g.: prašvėjantys (—prasvėjantys) paukščiai (164), putojantys (—putojantys) gėrimai (190), etc., although sometimes, where the noun form is needed, only the ordinary form is used. Incorrect definition of the term class: “a classification unit that defines (= encompasses) a set of objects having common characteristics” (109). There were also more usage errors by participants, e.g.: reserve —“environmentally protected area (= area where the environment is protected) <...>” (68) and so on. Incorrectly selected design with a suffix, e.g. ‘waste suitable for recycling and production (= production)’ (20). It is wrong that sutikti is used in the meaning of "to be, to happen" (17, 175). There are awkward and incomprehensible sentences, e.g. : The contribution of transport to overall air pollution has increased in recent years (155). CO, the contribution to the formation of the greenhouse effect reaches 55-60% <...> (209) and others. In the dictionary several punctuation (43, 62, 167, 208) and spelling (correction) errors were found: geitonigamija (=geitonogamija, 13), Falkoniformes (=Falconiformes, 170), allopatrija [gr. alllos (=allos) —other, different <...>] (13). On some pages (66-67, 105) the alphabetical terms are out of place. Such a vocabulary is necessary, but it has too many shortcomings. Terminology | 2006 | 13 211 ABBREVIATIONS AATŽ 2000 —Aplinkos apsaugos terminų žodynas, Vilnius. AstrŽ 1984 —Encyclopedic Dictionary of Astronomy. Compiled by A. Juška, Vilnius. 1998. "Dictionary of Botanical Names". Compiled by R. Jankevičienė, Vilnius. 1965. Dictionary of Botanical Terms. Vyr. red. |. Dagys, Vilnius. ChZ 2003 —Explanatory Dictionary of Chemical Terms. Prepared by K. Daukšas, |. Barkauskas, V. Daukšas et al., Vilnius. DZ. 2003 = Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language. Vyr. red. St. Keinys, Vilnius (e. edition). Eurovoc —-—EUROVOC. European Terms Dictionary: http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/ev/ev.main GeogrŽ 1994 —Vaitekūnas St. Enciklopedinis geografijos žodynas, Kaunas. LTE IX 1982 + Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia 9, Vilnius. 1993. Dictionary of Psychology. Red. R. Augis et al., Vilnius. SDTZ 1997 —Systematic glossary of soil science terms. Compiled by A. Motuzas, Vilnius. 1996: Sportsman of the Year. Prepared by S. Stonkus, Kaunas. TekstilŽ 2001 — Dictionary of Textile Terms. Composed R. by Čiukas, J. Katunskis, A. Kaulakienė ir etc.. Kaunas. TT 1992 —Terminology corrections. Prepared by K. Gaivenis, A. Kaulakienė, St. Keinys, J. Klimavičius, Vilnius. 2002: Interpol. Dictionary of International Terms. Ats. red. A. Kinderys, Vilnius (e. edition). VLE IV 2003 ~ Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia 4, Vilnius. ZUE 11998 Encyclopedia of Agriculture 1. Scientific editorial board member. A. Kusta, Vilnius. Retrieved 2006-12-05 Asta Mitkevičienė Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio 5, LT-10308 Vilnius Email: [email protected] 12 Asta Mitkevičienė