Lauryno Ivinskio keturkalbio žodyno terminai

72 Albina Auksoriūtė | Terms of Terms of Laurynas Ivinskis's quadrlingual dictionary ALBiNA AUKsoRiŪtĖ Lithuanian Language Institute INTRODUCTION The printed works and most of the manuscripts of Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881), a prominent Lithuanian cultural figure of the 19th century, are being studied. Linguists J. Kruopas, V. Vitkauskas, O. Kažukauskaitė and the author of this article have written about the surviving manuscripts of L. Ivinskio dictionaries (see Kruopas 1960, Круопас 1963; Vitkauskas 1996; Vitkauskas 1997; Auksoriūtė 1999; Kažukauskaitė 2003). Bilingual dictionaries are described in a fairly detailed manner: Polish–Žmudija language dictionary (Słownik polsko-żmudzki) (hereinafter – LŽŽ) and Russian–Lithuanian language dictionary (Словарь россійско-литовскій) (hereinafter – RLŽ), while only J. Kruopas wrote about the manuscript of the Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polish language dictionary (Словарь россійско-литовскій с латинско-польскимъ) in the article „L. "Ivanov's lexicographical works" (Kroopas 1960: 191–198). J. Kruopas was the first to describe the manuscript of the quadrilingual dictionary in quite detail and to identify its author: “manuscript format: length 21.5, width 13.5 cm. The manuscript is written in a very clear and beautiful handwriting. His paper is thin, gently blue, with a clear imprint on some pages (24, 92): a crown at the top, a horse’s head on the right, a lion’s head on the left, and the inscription “whatman” at the bottom. Neither the author nor the year are mentioned in the manuscript. Only from the handwriting, spelling, language characteristics and comparison with the aforementioned bilingual dictionary “Словарь россійско-литовскій” it is safe to attribute this manuscript of the quadrilingual dictionary to L. Ivinsky” (Kruopas 1960: 194). The article indicates the volume of the dictionary, reviews its nature, structure, spelling, lexical characteristics, provides a number of examples from the dictionary, lists new words created by L. Ivinskis or words not yet recorded from other sources. The manuscripts of L. Ivinsky’s Russian-Lithuanian Dictionary and Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish Dictionary are kept in the archives of the Russian Geographers’ Society in St. Petersburg, where they were found by D. Zelenin in 1947. How and when these manuscripts came to the Russian Society of Geographers, there is no exact knowledge, only one can guess that Laurynas Ivinskis Quadrilingual Dictionary Terminology | 2007 | 14 73 After 1869, when L. Ivinskis established contacts with this society, he corresponded with its members V. Kulin and J. Kuznetsov. In 1871 V. Kulin proposed to accept L. Ivinsky as a member of the Russian Society of Geographers (see Petkevičiūtė 1988: 86–90 for more information about L. Ivinsky’s relations with this society). From a letter written by L. Ivinskis to V. Kulinas in January 1869, we learn that he began preparing a dictionary of Russian-Žemaičių-Lithuanian languages and sent an 8-page manuscript to V. Kulinas for review (see Ivinskis 1995: 484), so it is clear when L. Ivinskis began writing a bilingual dictionary. Nothing is known about the date of the four-language dictionary, but it is possible to assume that the author wrote it later. In 2006, the Lithuanian Language Institute received digital photocopies of the manuscript of the aforementioned quadrilingual dictionary, so it is possible to study this manuscript in more detail1. The manuscript is numbered by L. Ivinskis himself, the last page is marked with number 95, but two pages have the same number 21, so the total of the manuscript is 96 pages. This is just the beginning of the quadrilingual dictionary from A to Ay. It contains 358 Russian headings with Lithuanian, Latin, Polish equivalents and 23 reference headings, e.g., Авангардія,..іи. ж. смотри: Передовой отрядъ (3). The dictionary begins with three articles, whose Russian headings consist not of a word, but only of the letter A, as the first letter of the alphabet, a hyphen and an emoticon, e.g. : А. Azbukki pierwsza litera. Balśiŭ èjłōs prvòjé ròdbałsa. Alphabethi prima littera. First letter of the alphabet (1); Ac, atque, et, etiam, idque. I, also, and, also, the same, the same [...] (1); Aj, o, ak. Heu, ah, aha. O, ach [...] (1) (see A. inter. photocopy). Grammatical categories indicated for the title Russian words – nouns are provided with the abbreviation of the genitive ending and gender, plural nouns – also with the abbreviation of the number, adjectives are given with the abbreviation of the feminine, genitive ending and adjective, verbs – first and second person endings, other parts of speech – their abbreviations, e.g. : Актриасса, сы. ж. Āktorka, kòmedijōnka, ròditojé stēbŭklìnes dàrbūn. Actrix. Aktorka sceniczna (20); 1 I thank Ona Kažukauskaitė, an employee of the LKI Lexicography Centre, who organized the acquisition of copies of L. Ivinskio quadrilingual dictionary, and doc. Audrius Kažukauskas, head of the Baltic Centre of the St. Petersburg State University. Aleksejus Andronovas, who helped to obtain digital photocopies of the manuscript of L. Ivinskis’ Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polish dictionary, and Dr. Ritutė Petrokienė, Head of the Collections of the LKI Lexicography Centre, who made it possible to use these copies. 74 Albina Auksoriūtė | Terms of Laurynas Ivinskis Quadrilingual Dictionary Terminology | 2007 | 14 75 Ex arte anatomiae dissecare, incidere corpus animantis, dissecere cadaver. Anatomize, anatomical dissection do (44). In some places, the meaning of words is explained, few examples of use are given, several synonyms or words of similar meaning are given, e.g. : August,..ta. m. August, the eighteenth month of the year (4); Anarchія,..іи. ж. Nèriedzia, nèwāldzia, be waldzios bŭwìmas. Rieda neturièjimas. Anarchia. Confusae ac perturbatae res. Cic. Anarchia, nierząd (43); Араапникъ,..ка. м. Botāgas, wàré, błāksztas, ìnagis. Flagellum, flagrum. Suet. Scutica. Hor. Whip, whip (63). In the opinion of J. Kruopa, L. Ivinskis used a multilingual Russian dictionary, recorded Lithuanian equivalents, translated explanations and illustrative material in some places, apparently he wanted to prepare a four-language dictionary, the beginning of which he presented to the Geographers’ Society in St. Petersburg for familiarization (Kruopas 1960: 195). The idea that L. Ivinskis translated into Lithuanian the interpretations of the Russian dictionary that he used can be contradicted, because in some places Russian words are without explanations, the interpretations of some Lithuanian words are narrower than Russian, sometimes similar to Polish or Latin or broader and more detailed than in other languages, e.g. : Актриасса, сы. ж. Āktorka, kòmedijōnka, ròditojé stebŭklìnes dàrbūn. Actrix. Aktorka sceniczna (20); Alleja, leji. ž. Dārža tākas isz abejun szaliun mēdejs swadìntas. Wajksćiòtiné. Ambulacrum, arboribus utrimque septum. Ambulatio. Xystus. Aleja, alea, chodnik (27), Alavaastръ, tra. m. Есть это порода зернистого гипса. Àlabōstra, gipsas skiltìnis. Gypsum granulare. Gips blaszkowy. In the letter G. means: Alabaster vessel (21). Most of the dictionary contains nouns, they make up about 71.5% of all headings, there are much fewer other parts of the language: adjectives – over 17%, verbs – about 4%, other parts of the language – adverbs, conjunctions, emoticons – together make up over 7% of all headings. About 53% of nouns can be considered terms or nouns. They will be discussed further in the article. The non-disputed nouns include words related to the church vocabulary, names of months, money, countries and their inhabitants, etc., e.g. : Abass,.. plural. Abbasi, Persicus argenteus numus cohibens 50 assium. Silver currency of Persia worth 50 groszy (2); Austriецъ, ца. м. Austrijōkas. Austriacus. Austrijak (5); Austria, ae. Austrija (5); Após..ла. м. Apāsztołas. Siunstāsis nuog Krìstaus. Christi Apostolus. Christiane legis Magister. Apastół, posłaniec Christusa (58) ir kt. Some adjectives are given nouns and degrees (and even polyps- 76 Albina Auksoriūtė | Terms of Laurynas Ivinskis's quadrilingual dictionary nių) forms, e.g. : Алый,..ая,..ое. pr. Raudònas, rŭžāwas. Ruber. Red, pink. Raudònāsis. Is, qui ruber est. The one who is red. Comparative Raudonièlēsnis. Is qui aliquantum rubrior est. Co trochę czerwieńszy jest. Prevos. st. Raudoniàusis, almost untreated (34). Raudonièlēsnis. Is qui aliquantum rubrior est. Co trochę czerwieńszy jest. Prevos. st. Raudoniàusis, almost untreated (34). This article examines terms from the natural sciences and other fields. The manuscript of L. Ivinskis’s quadrlingual dictionary contains 145 terms, along with some species terms and nomen in the dictionary articles. minerAlogiJoS terminAi Most of the mineral names in the dictionary – over 30, almost all of them are borrowed, e.g. : Албинъ, на. м. Albinas ~ albinas. Akmun bałtaj skâjstŭs kajpo źiamćziūgas. Albinites. Albin W. stone having pearlescent glow (21)2; Agáтъ,..та. м. Agātas ~ agatas, àkmun isz ejlos Kwārćziaus kŭrsaj tŭr da Ametìsta o pawejksłŭs isròda: kāspinŭs, pilònes, miêstŭs, sawiejedàlesChalcedōna,Jasida,Kwārćziaus,Ragìnia,Krwàwńinkairnekakrùmŭs, kìminŭs, dēbeses, žwâjzdikes, àkeles, piêtmas. Achates, ae. scil gemma. Plin. Agate from the Quartz family mineral composed of particles of chalcedony, jasper, quartz, hornbeam, ivy and sometimes amethyst, showing in itself paintings of ribbons, fortifications, city views, bushes, mosses, clouds, stars, eyelets, spots (6); Aluminitas ~ aliuminitas, ātmajna bàłtoja mòlia. Aluminites. Glinka czysta. (31); Amethyst and Amethyst,.. cent. m. Gemstone of Quartz rock. Ametìstas ~ ametistas, brangŭs àkmun Quartz Amethyst, a violet-blue or gray-white path stone (39); Quartz Amethyst, a violet-blue or gray-white path stone (39); Andalūźitas ~ andalūzitas, akmun raumens raudonuˇma arba Źiamcziūgiškaj pīłkas. Andaluzites. Andaluzyt stone from the Feldspate family of fleshy-red color sometimes shimmering to pearl-grey (47–48); Anthracolithium, ..ta. m. limestone. Anthracite ~ anthracite, àkmun kālkia ātmajnas. Anthracite, stone from the Limestone family (55); Aragonite, ta. m. The examples are presented in the same way as in the dictionary – first the title Russian word, then the Lithuanian word with explanations and the Latin and Polish equivalents. The Lithuanian term is thinned, after the tilde mark is given the transposed form into common language. Terminologija | 2007 | 14 77 tas, akmun kalkiu atmainas. Arragonites. Arragonit, stone of the limestone family (75); Авантуриеннъ,..на. м. Камень кварцовой породы. Awanturìnas ~ Quarzum Avanturinum. Common quartz with scattered leaves of mica, so it is called. avanturinas.Akmunkwàrćziausātmainas,turessawiejeblizganćzesskelàudes. Natural aventurine or solar stone (Min. Yakov) (3-4); Automolietė,..ta. m.(Faterę). Automōlitas ~ automolitas. Brangŭs àkmun tamsej mièlinas o taniàusej paduodans ing svaēsej žāli. Automolithus. Wal. A road stone from the Ruby family of duck-blue color, approaching the upper green, having in itself: clay, zinc, iron, silica and sulfur sometimes (5); Aquamaris, na. m. Be ŕi lŭs bràngēsis ~ berilus brangiasis, akmun swiēsej žālas, sŭdiètas isz titnagìnia, mòlia, glŭcìnas, kālkiŭ ir gèlźiēs. Smaragdus striatus. Kar. Beryllus. Wal. Beryl szlachetny; light green gemstone composed of silica, clay, glucyna, lime and iron (18); Adamánтъ,..та. м. Dējmantas ~ diamantas. Adam. Diamond (9); Diamond,..for. m. Dējmantas, dēmantas ~ diamonds. Adamas. Vall. Plin. Ovid. Dijament (28); Anfrax, I'm... Rù binas ~ ruby, precious ruby. Rubinus. Lips. Carbunculus. Plin. Karbunkuł, ruby (56) and others. L. Ivinskis also provided mineral names in his other manuscript work – the scientific work Prigimtūmenė (for more see Auksoriūtė 1998, Auksoriūtė 2001), in its first part. Therefore, it is possible to compare some of the terms of the quadrilingual dictionary and the Prirodtūmena. Two versions of the first part of Prigimtūmena have survived: Žemėtra in the manuscript of the Lithuanian Institute of Literature and Folklore Library and Žemėmina in the manuscript of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. The main parts of both manuscripts, which describe still nature, are almost identical, so the names of the minerals are taken from the manuscript of the first part of Prigimtūmena (hereinafter – Pr), which is preserved in Vilnius. A couple of minerals in the dictionary are named with borrowed terms, and in Prigimtūmena are presented Lithuanian novelties composed by L. Ivinskis himself, e.g. Anthophyllites. Anthophyllite, stone from the Pistacyte family (54–55), plg. łapējnis ~ lapeinis, lat. Actinotus virgulatus, Anthophyllites, lenk. Anthophyllite (Pr 24); Apathy, that. m. Stone of limestone. Apatytas ~ apatitas, akmun kālkia ātmajnas. Apatites. Apatyt, stone of limestone (57), plg. pròžalis ~ prožalis, lot. "Species List, Lepus". Apatyt, vok. The apatite (Pr 32). 78 Albina Auksoriūtė | Terms of Laurynas Ivinskis quadrlingual dictionary The dictionary горной или каменной ленъ. Amijōntas ~ amijontas, źiames gàuras ~ žemės gauras, ira tat akmun Asbestus flexibilis. Asbest Amiant (40), cf. skarūnis ~ skarūnis or amjōntas ~ amjontas, otherwise wadinas or kałnālinis ~ minnalinis, lat. Asbestos Amiantus, Linum montanum, Asbestus flexibilis, vok. The Asbestos (Pr 24–25). In addition to this dictionary article, one type of asbestos should be mentioned, which L. Ivinskis presents in the asbestos article: Azбееестстъ Аміантъ. Azbestas Amijontas ~ asbestas amijontas. Linum montanum. Pl. Asbestus flexibilis. Asbest Amiant (14). Thus, this mineral is presented in the dictionary in two places, probably because of different Russian names, and comparing the Lithuanian equivalents given by L. Ivinskis in both manuscripts shows that he used several synonyms, including three Lithuanian ones: źiames gàuras, skarūnis and kałnālinis, which he probably composed himself. As can be seen from the latter example, the dictionary also contains generic terms. The articles on two minerals (asbestos and muriaticite) include several types of minerals, e.g. : Азбéстъ,..та.м. Asbestos ~ asbestas. Akmun isz ejłos Tàlkŭ duodans skāra kajpo lìnun, tŭr kiatūres ātmajnas: Asbestus. H. Asbestos, a type of stone from the talc family. (1) Light asbestos. Asbestos lēngwēi ~ light asbestos. They are rich in titanium, magnesium, calcium, iron and molybdenum. Asbestus suber montanum. Asbestos top cork composed of silica, magnesium, lime, n. iron, and clay. 2) A. Amiant. Asbestos Amijontas ~ asbestas amijontas. Linum montanum. Pl. Asbestus flexibilis. Asbest Amiant. 3) Ordinary Asbestos. Asbestos ordinary ~ asbestos ordinary, sŭdiètas isz Magnēzijas, titnagìnia and ferźies rūdīs. Asbestus vulgaris. Common asbestos, consists of magnesium, silica and n. iron, plg. kałnālinis paprastasis ~ kalnalinis paprastasis (Pr 25). 4) Woody Asbestos. Asbestos wood ~ asbestos wood. Asbestus xyloideus v. lignosus. Asbestos upper tree, cf. kałnāmēdis ~ kalnamedis (Pr 25) (13–14); Anhydrite...ta. m. A limestone. Murijācitas ~ murijacitas, akmun kālkiu ātmajnas. Anhydrite. Muriacite, a stone from the limestone family (see sausēnis sidoklis ~ sausenis sidoklis (Pr 33)). Spatial anhydrite. Marijācitas śziasztajnìnis ~ marijacitas šeštaininis [a is written in the first syllable, probably an error in L. Ivinski’s writing. – A. A.]. Anhydrites spatosus. An. granulosa. Muriacytic Angidrites ~ Muriacytic Angidrites. Anhydrites granulatus. M. anhydryt. An. dense. Murijācitas rukšlaòtāsis ~ murijācitas rukšlotasis. An. densus. M. pogives a Lithuanian synonym for one of the borrowed mineral names – Аміаянтъ,..та. м. Terminologija | 2007 | 14 79 folded. An. plo: second. Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Murphy's Anhydrites densus secundus. An. fibrous. Murijācitas skaruòtāsis ~ murijacitas skarotasis. An. fibrosus. M. fibrosus (48–49). As can be seen from the given examples, not only the Russian and Lithuanian, but also most of the Latin and Polish equivalents are two-word compound terms. There are also a number of Russian terms with Lithuanian compound equivalents, e.g. : Anatas,..za. m. Metally Titanium rocks. Anatas kraunìnis ~ anatas kriauninis. Titanium anatas. Tytan oktaedryt (43); Akvamarienņ,..на. м. Beŕilŭs bràngēsis ~ berilus brangiasis, akmun swiēsej žālas, sŭdiètas isz titnagìnia, mòlia, glŭcìnas, kālkiŭ ir gèlźiēs. Smaragdus striatus. Kar. Beryllus. Wal. Beryl szlachetny; light green coloured gemstone composed of silica, clay, glucyne, lime and iron (18); Antracitъ,..та. м. Камень Трофитовой породы. Antrācitas ~ antracitas, akmun isz ātmajnas angłàjtia; angłàjtis kāsamāsis ~ anglaitis Antracites. Węgiel kopalny błyszczący albo Antracyt (55), for the latter mineral two synonyms, one single word loan and a composite Lithuanian term are given. As can be seen from the examples, L. Ivinskis used the adjectives (lengvasis, paprastasis, brangiasis, medinis, kriauninis, šeštaininis, rukšlotasis, žemėtasis, skarotasis) and the participle (kasamasis) as species elements of compound terms, and used the noun forms of all adjectives except those with the suffix -inis. L. Ivinskis wrote the specific elements of the mentioned compound terms after the main element, probably following the Latin equivalents, although the dictionary contains a couple of mineral names, the specific element of which, as is now customary, goes before the main element, e.g. : Amber, etc. Resin-like and flammable substance, коегосутьдваглавныярода,собственноназываемаяАмбра,ижелтый, Jantarь. Àmbra ~ ambra, ira tat iz sakun sŭdiètas degans dàjktas dwijun ātmajnŭ, wiena wadìnama tikròjé Ambra ~ tikroji ambra; antròjé giałtòna, Gintāras ~ gintaras. Ambra grisea. Ambra zwyczajna (38); Skiālāmāsis àkmun ~ skilamasis akmuo. Schistus (lapis) fissilis. Virg. Sectilis. Plin. Scissilis. Cels. Łupny, szczepny kamień. Łupek (88). To conclude the discussion of mineral names, it should be noted that the author of the dictionary did not find Lithuanian terms for all minerals, and without naming a couple of minerals, he presented them in a descriptive way – as in Russian: Alлохроияттъ,..та, м. порода камня Авгита. Àkmun ātmajnas Auǵìta. Granatus allochroites. Allochroit, gatunek rodzaju Augitu (27); Analcimum,...ma. 80 Albina Auksoriūtė | Lauryno Ivinskio keturkalbio žodyno terminai m. Stone of the BOTANICAL TERMS The four-language dictionary of L. Ivinskis contains only 16 botanical terms. The dictionary includes mostly plant names and only one fruit name: Айвá, вы. ž. Pīgwas ~ pygwas, dulŭ swećzios szalies wājsiŭs. Pyrus Cydonia. Pigwa, gatunek gruszek (15), plg. kràuśzé, dùlé, grúśzé ~ pear, dulŭ, grūšė, lat. Pyrus (Pirus), pol. Grusza, niem. Birne, lat. Pyr. Cydonia, lit. 2018. pp. 202 (PDF). The names of the plants can be compared with the systematic nomenclature of the genera presented in the second part of L. Ivinskis’s Prigimtūmenė Žolėmina (see Auksoriūtė 1998). The dictionary contains only four names augalų sąrašu, kuriame aprašoma 219 augalų šeimų ir daugiau kaip 2500 of plant genera: Акáція,..iи. Robinia Caragana. Robinia Groszek Sybirski (Józ. Jun.) (17), plg. akācja ~ akacja, źirnikājnis ~ žirnikainis, lat. Acacia (Necker.), german. Akazie (Pr 205), karkłāźirnis ~ karklažirnis, lat. Robinia, polen. Akacya, grochowiec, german. Robinie (Pr 207); Анисъ,..са. м.Anizis~anizis,żolie.Anysum.Pimpinellaanysum.BiedrzeniecAnyż(49), plg. łājpiedis ~ laipėdis, lot. Pimpinella, Lenk. Biedrzeniec, vok. Bibernell (Pr 192); Orange. Citrus sinensis. Apelcyna, gatunek cytryny (57), plg. cìtrinas, cùtrinas ~ citrinas, cutrinas, lat. citrus (Tournef.), polk. Cytryna, niem. Citrone (Pr 171); Aloe,..лоя. м. Ēlosas ~ elosas, ālosas ~ alosas. Aloe perfoliata vera. Aloes prawdziwy (30), plg. ejlosas ~ eilosas, ēlosas ~ elosas, elijōszius ~ elijošius, lat. Aloë (Tourn.), Aloes (K.), polk. Alona, Halena, niem. Aloe (Pr 133). In the quadrilingual dictionary, as in the Russian–Lithuanian dictionary (see Auksoriūtė 1999), L. Ivinskis mainly included the names of plant species, e.g. : Арбууззъ,..за. м. Арбузецъ,..зца. Водный цветок ~ watermelon color. Cucurbita Melopepo. Dynia Arbuz (64); Artis,..sha. m. Kadaģis Saw Juniperus Sabina. Jałowiec Sawina (81), cf. kàdagīs, ògīs ~ juniper, ogy, lat. Juniperus, left. Juniper, juniper, vok. Watchman (Pr 144); Karczoch pospolity (80–81), plg. łājszwas ~ laišvas, lot. Cynara, turn left. 1999. "Laisvas eršketgalvis ~ laišvas eršketgalvis, lot. C. Scolymus, łājszwas usnelùnas ~ laišvas usneliūnas, lot. C. cardunculus (Pr 253); This subsection should mention the names of specialists in the relevant fields of science: Анатóмикъ,..ка. м. Знающій науку Анатоміи. Mòkitas ant nariòjima kùnun. Kùn-rājkis ~ kūnraikis. Anatomicus, Anatomices. Dissectionis corporum peritus. Anatomik, uczony w Ceolite family. Akmun Ceolìta ātmajnas pìłkaj or giałswaj bàłtas. Analcimus. Terminology | 2007 | 14 87 In addition to the two graduate degrees, Irving received two doctorates, one from Harvard and one from Yale. […]. Àlgebra ~ algebra, the science of calculating the values of the algebraic functions. Algebra. lat. Algebra. polon. Algebra. lat. Algebra. polon. Algebra. lat. Algebra. polon. Algebra. lat. Algebra. polon. Algebra. lat. Algebra. polon. (21–22); Architecture, architecture (84), plg. strąnysena sf. Architecture, architecture (84), plg. strūnysena sf. Architecture, architecture (84), plg. strūnysena sf. Architecture, architecture (84), plg. strūnysena sf. Architecture, architecture (84), plg. strūnysena sf. (1) “building”: Eldia’s struggle by S.Dauk. (Lt.) The latter article of the dictionary also includes three generic names, whose generic elements are two nominative adjectives of the suffix -iškas and one adjective of the suffix -inis: Архитектура военная. Strunisina kariòniszkojé ~ strūnysina karioniškoji. Architektura militaris. Architektura wojskowa. А. Гражданская. Str. Ùkiszkōjé ~ strūnysina ūkiškoji. Architectonice, architectura civilis. Budownictwo cywilne. Strunisina łajwìné ~ strūnysina laivinė. Architektura navalis, nautica. Budownictwo okrętowe (84–85). anatomij, praktyk w dyssekcyi anatomicznej (44); Астролоягъ,..га. м. Astrology. Astrolog (90); Астроноуммъ,..ма. м. Zwajzdyńīnkas ~ a stargazer, a man on a moon around a star. Astronomus. Astronom, master of the science of astronomy (90). L. Ivinskis named the specialists, as well as the branches of science in these fields, in Lithuanian. PARTICULARITY OF THE DEFINITIONS OF TERMS The Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish dictionary by L. Ivinski can also be called an explanatory dictionary, because a large number of words, including terms and nouns, are explained. Most botanical and zoological terms have no explanations, only a few have short explanations, e.g. : Pineapple colour (żòlie ir wājsiŭs) (43); Akācije, mēdis tŭres giałtònūs źièdŭs kajpo źirniŭ (17); Didzia swećzios szalies jures żuwis praŕinanté żmōgŭ. Rijūné, rijūnas (18); Wanden-źiamìnis, ğìwolis galens on źiāme and wandenieje łajkėìtėjeīs (41). These interpretations have little definitional features, more similar to the definition is the interpretation of orange: Àpēlcina, citrons ātmajna (57), which indicates the systematic relationship of plants. In his natural sciences manuscript Prigimtūmenė atmaina, L. Ivinskis called the taxonomic category varietas, which is now called varietetas. 88 Albina Auksoriūtė | Laurynas Ivinskis quadrlingual dictionary terms Most mineral botany and zoology terms. At some mineminitas, ātmajna bàłtoja mòlia (31); Amijontas, źiames gàuras, ira tat akmun Āzbesta ātmajnas (40); Anthophyllites, àkmun isz Pistacita ralų pavadinimų nurodoma tik kokio mineralo atmaina jie yra, pvz.: Aluātmajnas (54); Anthracites, akmun isz ātmàjnas angłàjtia; angłàjtis kāsamāsis (55); Anthracolite, àkmun kālkia ātmajnas (55); Apatitas, akmun kālkia ātmajnas (57); Aragonite, limestone atmajnas (75); Murijācitas, akmun kālkiu ātmajnas (48); Szpātas dejmantìnis, àkmun Rubūnina ātmajnas (28). As can be seen from the examples, these explanations are insufficient, as muriacite, anthracolite, apatite and aragonite are interpreted equally. Other names describe the color, e.g. : Andalousite, akmun muscle redness or Źiamcziūgiszkaj piłka (47); Akmun bałtaj skâjstŭs kajpo źiamćziūgas. Albinas (21), or its value is indicated, e.g. Rùbinas, brangŭs àkmūn (56). These interpretations also do not yet meet the requirements for definitions, but the interpretations provided for some terms can already be considered definitely definitions, e.g. : Amethyst, precious quartz stone, wiśzniawaj mielina wārsa or silver white (39); Precious stone of dark melissa or dense submission in fresh green (5); Awanturìnas. Stones are quartz-colored, with similarly shiny shells (3–4). Several other minerals are defined by their composition and appearance, e.g. : Àmbra, ira tat iz sakun sŭdiètas degans dàjktas dwijun ātmajnŭ, wiena wadìnama tikròjé Ambra; antròjé giałtòna, Gintāras (38); Beŕilŭs bràngēsis, akmun swiēsej žālas, sŭdiètas isz titnagìnia, mòlia, glucìnas, kālkiŭ ir gèlźiēs (18); Agates, stones from Quartz are found in the same areas as Chalcedony, Jasper, Quartz, Raginia, Krwàwńinka and never Amethyst or pawejksłŭs: kāspinŭs, pilònes, miêstŭs, krùmŭs, kîminŭs, dēbeses, żwâjzdikes, àkeles, piêtmas (6). The definitions of asbestos and its derivatives should be mentioned: Asbestos. Akmun isz ejłos Tàlkŭ duodans skāra kajpo lìnun, tŭr kiatŭres ātmajnas (13). In defining this mineral, L. Ivinskis indicated the order to which this stone belongs and its main characteristic, and in explaining its varieties he already indicated only the composition: Āzbestas lēngwēs. Asbestos, sŭdiètas isz Magnēzijas, titnagìnia is gelźies rūdīs (14). When looking at the interpretations of minerals, it can be seen that some of them are considered definitions, because they indicate systemic relationships and their characteristic features. Some interpretations of terms in other fields, e.g. : Membership, ta ira: rājkėimas kùna dieł iszwejzdièjima wisun daliun ir iszsimonames have explanations, some of them much broader than the interpretations of Terminology | 2007 | 14 89 kima paźinti ano pŕigimima (45); Elementorēlŭs. Kńingelé beginnings of the art of painting (14); Skajtlisté, skajtlŭ źinios mókslas (70); Cannons can be distinguished by the strength of the wind (48); Salìné, jures wieta turenté daug sàłūn (84); Mòksłas namun statima isz medzia o łabiausej pilōniŭ (84); Mòksłas or źinia apej żwâjzdes, żwajzdējēsté (90) and others. CONCLUSIONS 1.In a small volume – 96 pages of manuscript, which is only the beginning of the Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish dictionary, L. Ivinskis provided a number of terms – about 145. The dictionary includes mainly natural science terms – names of minerals, plants, birds and others. 2.The mineral names given in the dictionary are mostly borrowed, while in Prigimtūmena L. Ivinskis has already given some of the same minerals his own Lithuanian names. 3. The four-language dictionary, like the Russian-Lithuanian dictionary, mainly contains the names of plant species. When comparing the names of plant species in the quadrilingual dictionary and the names of the Prigimtūmenės plant genera, systematic differences and inaccuracies in the dictionary are visible. Apparently, when preparing a scientific description of plants, L. Ivinskis more accurately divided and identified the taxa. 4.Overlooking the terms of the quadrlingual dictionary in other (non-natural sciences) fields, it can be observed that L. Ivinskis often searched for Lithuanian terms, which he usually compiled himself. The tendency to provide Lithuanian words is particularly evident when examining the names of branches of science and professions (skaitlystė, žinystė, žvaizdystė, žvaizdininkas, kūnraikis). Species names in both natural sciences and other fields are characterized by the fact that their species point follows the genus point, and the adjectives and participants given by species points, except for the suffix -inis adjectives, are in noun forms (ananasas tikrasis, asbestas paprastasis, murijacitas žemėtasis, kariuomenė jūrinė, arrvininkai raitieji). 6.The four-language dictionary of L. Ivinski is not only a translation, but part of the explanations of terms and nomenclatures in this dictionary can be considered as their scientific definitions, so this dictionary is also partly an explanatory dictionary of terms. The manuscript of L. Ivinskio Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish dictionary is important and interesting not only for the history of Lithuanian lexicography, but also for the history of terminology. 90 Albina Auksoriūtė | Terms of Dictionary SOURCES Russian-Lithuanian-Latin-Polish Dictionary (Словарь россійско-литовскій с латинско-польскими словами) польскимъ) (manuscript). LŽŽ – Ivinskis L. Polish-Žmudzki dictionary (Słownik polsko-żmudzki) (manuscript). 1870. (in Russian) Ivinskis L. Prigimtūmenė (manuscript), 1870. RLŽ – Ivinskis L. Russian-Lithuanian Dictionary (Словарь россійско-литовскій) (manuscript). LITTERACY AND ADDITIONAL SOURCES Auksoriūtė A. 1998: Manuscripts of Laurynas Ivinskis in Kraków. – Terminologija 5, 102–110. Auksoriūtė A. 1999: Terminology of Laurynas Ivinskis' dictionary. – Lituanistica 2(38), 22–33. Auksoriūtė A. 2001: Laurynas Ivinskis mineralogy. – Terminologija 8, 95–111. BVŽ 1998: Dictionary of Botanical Names, Vilnius. Ivinskis L. 1995: Raštai, Vilnius. Kažukauskaitė O. 2003: Ne Jumskis, bet Ivinskis. – Problems of Lexicography and Lexicology, 19–31. Kruopas J. 1960: L. Ivinskio leksikografiniai darbai. – Proceedings of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences 1(8), 191–198. Kruopas I. R. 1963: From the history of Lithuanian-Russian and Russian-Lithuanian lexicography 19th century. - From историисловисловарей, Ленинград, 72–77. 1995: Smetona A. Karybos žodynas, Vilnius. Dictionary of Lithuanian Language. – www.lkz.lt Petkevičiūtė D. 1988: Laurynas Ivinskis: Monograph, Vilnius: Mokslas. 2001: International Dictionary of Words, Vilnius: Alma littera. Vitkauskas V. 1996: Language characteristics of the writings of Laurynas Ivinskis. – Lituanistica 3(27), 23–25. Vitkauskas V. 1997: The lexicographic principles of Laurynas Ivinskis. TERMS IN LAURYNAS IVINSKIS’ QUADRILINGUAL DICTIONARY This paper deals with terminology in the Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polish manuscript dictionary (Словарь россійско-литовскій съ 29–32. латинско-польскимъ) of Laurynas Ivinskis. The manuscript of the dictionary contains 96 pages. This is only the beginning of a quadrilingual dictionary from A to Ay, which presents 358 Russian headwords with Lithuanian, Latin and Polish equivalents and 23 reference headwords. There are some explanations of word meanings, a few examples of usage and a few synonyms and words with contiguous meaning. The manuscript of Laurynas Ivinskis quadrilingual dictionary contains about 145 terms, including some specific terms presented in a few entries of the dictionary. Most of them are terms of natural sciences – names of minerals, plants, birds and other living creatures. The majority of names of minerals included in the dictionary are borrowings. Analysis of terms from other fields (not natural sciences) shows that Laurynas Ivinskis tended not to present borrowings, but to suggest Lithuanian terms which he created himself. Such a tendency is particularly obvious in names of sciences and names of specialists of those sciences (arithmetic, astronomy, anatomy, astronomer). There are two characteristic features of the names of natural sciences and other fields proposed by Laurynas Ivinskis. The specific component of the name is placed after the generic component. Adjectives, apart from adjectives with the suffix -inis, and partiLaurynas Ivinskis Quadrilingual 2007: 14 91 ciples, which make specific components, are all pronominal. For example, (pineapple, asbestos, navy). The manuscript of Laurynas Ivinskis’ Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polishdictionary is important and interesting not only for the history of Lithuanian lexicography, but also for Lithuanian terminology. Retrieved 2007-11-30. Albina Auksoriūtė Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]